Akavalo a Akhal-Teke mosakayikira ndi amodzi mwa mahatchi okongola kwambiri. Maonekedwe ngati kavalo wotereyu ndiwowoneka bwino m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mayendedwe ake okongola komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ubweya wautali. Kuphatikiza apo, mahatchi a Akhal-Teke amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa mtundu wakale kwambiri wamahatchi, omwe amawonjezera chithumwa chapadera kwa iwo. Mfundo zonsezi zikufotokozera kutchuka kwambiri kwa mzere wobala pakati pa obereketsa padziko lonse lapansi.

Kodi dzinalo limachokera kuti?

Mtundu wamahatchi a Akhal-Teke anali wofunika kwambiri komanso wakhama ndi amodzi mwa mafuko aku Turkmen, omwe amatchedwa "teke". Anthu amtunduwu amakhala kumapiri a Akhal, omwe amakhala m'munsi mwa mapiri a Kopetdag.

Chifukwa chake, pamaziko a dzina la fuko ndi malo omwe akukhalamo, dzina la mzere wonse wa mzere lidakonzedwa. "Akhal-teke" kapena "Akhal-tekin" anali chidule cha "Akavalo a fuko la teke kuchokera m'malo okhalapo a Akhal." Ndi kulowa kwa Turkmenistan pakupanga Russia, dzinali lidakonzedwa mwa anthu amderali. Mofananamo, adayamba kuyitananso mahatchi awa ku mayiko aku Europe.

Mawonekedwe ndi Kufotokozera

Akhal-Teke akavalo zidadulidwa ndi mafuko akale aku Turkmen zaka zoposa 5,000 zapitazo. Amakhala ndi dzina loti aberekawo, Ahal oasis ndi fuko la Teke, omwe anali obereka awo oyamba.

Poyang'ana koyamba, akavalo awa amagonjetsa mawonekedwe awo ndi chisomo. Minofu yoyera imasewera pansi pakhungu lawo loonda, ndipo mbali zake ndizoponyedwa ndi chinsalu chazitsulo. Osati popanda chifukwa ku Russia adatchedwa "akavalo akumwamba agolide." Ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina mwakuti sizingasokonezedwe ndi ena.

Mtundu wa oimira mtunduwu ndi wosiyana kwambiri. Koma otchuka kwambiri Akhal-Teke chimodzimodzi isabella ma suti. Uku ndiye mtundu wa mkaka wophika, womwe pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa amasintha mitundu yake, amasewera iwo.

Nthawi yomweyo imakhala siliva, ndi mkaka, ndi minyanga ya njovu. Ndipo maso amtundu wa kavaloyu amachititsa kuti asamaiwale. Uku ndikusowa, ndipo mtengo pa izi Akhal-Teke zikugwirizana ndi kukongola kwake.

Mahatchi onse amtunduwu ndi okwera kwambiri, kufota amafika 160cm. Otsamira kwambiri komanso amakumbukira nkhumba. Chifuwa ndi miyendo yaying'ono, yayitali kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo. Ziboda ndizochepa. Manjawo sioterera, akavalo ena alibe.

Akavalo a Akhal-Teke ali ndi mutu wokongola kwambiri, woyatsidwa pang'ono komanso wowongoka. Zowoneka mokongola, pang'ono pang'ono "maso" aku Asia. Khosi limakhala lotalika komanso lopyapyala ndi nape.

Pamutu pali makutu owoneka bwino. Oimira mtundu uwu wa suti iliyonse ali ndi tsitsi lofewa kwambiri komanso losalala lomwe limapereka ndi satin.

Simungathe kuwona mahatchi a Akhal-Teke kuthengo, omwe amabalidwa makamaka m'mafamu a Stud. Potenga nawo mbali pa kuthamanga kwa akavalo, onetsani mphete ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito panokha m'makalabu. Mutha kugula kavalo wa bwino wa Akhal-Teke pamawonetsero apadera ndi malonda.

Ngakhale mu nthawi zakale, anthu amakhulupirira kuti akavalo amenewa ndi oyenera kupitilira olamulira amphamvu okha. Ndipo zidachitika. Pali lingaliro kuti Bucephalus wotchuka wa Alexander the Great anali MitunduAkhal-Teke akavalo.

Nkhondo ya Poltava, Peter I adamenya nkhondo kavalo wotero, kavalo wagolide anali mphatso kwa Mfumukazi yaku England kuchokera ku Khrushchev, ndipo ku Victory Parade, a Marshal Zhukov nayenso adachita nawo zofananira.

Kusamalira kavalo wa Akhal-Teke ndi mtengo wake

Mukamasamalira mtundu wa Akhal-Teke, mawonekedwe ake ayenera kukumbukiridwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mahatchi awa adasungidwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake adalumikizidwa ndi mbuye wawo yekha.

Popita nthawi, adakhala paubwenzi wolimba ndi iye. Amadziwika kuti ndi kavalo wamwini m'modzi, motero amasintha kosuntha kwambiri pakali pano. Kuti mukondedwe ndi kukondedwa ndi ulemu wawo, muyenera kukhala nawo.

Akavalo amenewa ndiopenyerera, anzeru ndipo akumva wokwera bwino. Koma ngati palibe kulumikizana, amachita zinthu mwakufuna kwawo, chifukwa amakonda ufulu wodziyimira pawokha. Izi zimabweretsa zovuta zowonjezereka pakusankhidwa kwa akavalo amasewera.

Ngati Akhal-Teke angaganize kuti akuwopsezedwa, chifukwa cha kupsa mtima, amatha kumenya kapena kuluma. Izi sizowonjezera wokwera ma novice kapena okonda.

Katswiri weniweni amayenera kugwira naye ntchito mwaluso komanso mosamala. Manyazi komanso kunyalanyaza zimatha kumuchotsa kwina konse. Akavalo a Akhal-Teke sadzakwaniritsa mofatsa zonse zofunika kwa wokwera ngati sanapeze njira yapadera yochitira.

Koma akakhala ndi mwini wake weniweni, amamutsatira kumoto ndi madzi, kupanga zozizwitsa zenizeni pamipikisano ndi mipikisano. Nthawi zambiri Chithunzi umatha kuwona Akhal-Teke akavalo opambana. Ndalama zowonjezera ndizomwe zili nazo zimalumikizidwa ndikuti nsonga za kutukuka kwawo kwakuthupi zimabwera mochedwa, pazaka za 4-5.

Kusamalira mahatchiwa kumaphatikizapo kudyetsa, kusamba tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso kupukusa kuzizira. Yang'anirani mosamala mauna ndi mchira. Khola liyenera kupuma bwino komanso kutentha. Tsiku lililonse pamafunika kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kuti pasakhale zovuta ndi dongosolo la musculoskeletal.

Izi zimasowa kwambiri komanso ndizodula ndipo nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'miyala yapamwamba. angatindizofunikaAkhal-Teke kavalo? Mtengo umatengera kavalo wahatchi iliyonse, izi zikuwonetsa kuti ndiwokhoza komanso momwe ungathere.

Ngati abambo kapena amayi anali akatswiri, ndiye kuti mtengo wa anyaniwo uzikhala wofanana ndi zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi. Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi ma ruble 70,000, hafu ya mtunduwu idzawononga ma ruble 150,000, ndipo osachepera 600,000 azilipira kavalo womangidwa bwino. zonona suti Akhal-Teke ndiyeneranso kulipira zowonjezera.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Zakudya za mtundu wamahatchi izi sizosiyana kwambiri ndi ena, kupatula kuti kufunika kwa madzi. Amakulira nyengo zotentha choncho nthawi yayitali amatha popanda madzi.

Akavalo a Akhal-Teke amadya msipu, ndi udzu watsopano, ngati angathe kutero. Mutha kuwadyetsa kokha ndi udzu wabwino, ndiye kuti azikhala ndi mphamvu komanso osangalala popanda kuwonjezera feteleza, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamahatchi amasewera.

Ngati pali zochitika zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, ndiye kuti osadyetsa ndi oats kapena barele. Ndikwabwino kuchiza ndi beets, kaloti kapena mbatata. Kuphatikiza apo, soya kapena nyemba zimaperekedwa kuti zikule minofu.

CHIKWANGWANI, chomwe ndi gawo limodzi laiwo, chimapangitsa kuti mafupa ndi mano a mahatchi akhale olimba, komanso kuti tsitsi lizikhala lopindika. Mavitamini ayenera kuperekedwa pokhapokha ngati pakufunika. Muyenera kudyetsa mahatchi nthawi yomweyo. Yambani kudya ndi udzu, kenako perekani zakudya zamafuta kapena zobiriwira.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Kutalika kwa moyo wa akavalo a Akhal-Teke kumatengera chisamaliro chawo komanso kuchuluka kwa zochita zawo zolimbitsa thupi. Nthawi zambiri chiwerengerochi sichidutsa zaka 30, koma ma centenarians amapezekanso.

Kukhwima kumachitika pazaka ziwiri zokha, koma kuswana kumeneku sikukuyamba kubadwa m'mawa kwambiri. Kubalana kumachitika pogonana. Nthawi yomwe maula ali okonzeka kubereka amatchedwa "kusaka", ndiye kuti amalola abwenzi kukhala pafupi naye.

Koma obereketsa amakonda kubzala akavalo mwa kulowetsa mwaubongo. Kuti mtunduwo ukhale waukhondo, awiri abwino amasankhidwa mwapadera. Ndikofunikira kuganizira komanso sutiAkhal-Teke akavalo.

Mimba imatenga miyezi khumi ndi umodzi. Nthawi zambiri mbalame imodzi imabadwa, nthawi zambiri imakhala iwiri. Amakhala amisala, koma atatha maola asanu amatha kuyenda okha momasuka. Kuyamwitsa kumatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, mwana atasinthira kubzala zakudya.

Zodziwika bwino

Akavalo a Akhal-Teke ali ndi kunja kwachilendo. Maonekedwe a mtunduwu amasiyanitsa mitunduyi ndi mahatchi ena. Akavalo a Akhal-Teke ali ndi kukula kwakukulu (pafupifupi masentimita 160 pakufota kwa bulu), lamulo louma kwambiri. Mahatchi a akhal-Teke amafananizidwa ndi greyhound kapena cheetah. Maonekedwe onse amalamulidwa ndi mizere yayitali. Miyeso ina ya stallions: kutalika kwa thupi - 160-165 masentimita, chifuwa - 175-190 cm, metacarpal girth - 19-20 cm.

Chifuwa ndichakuzama, chowongoka, chokhala ndi nthiti zazitali zazitali. Zofota ndi zazitali komanso zazitali, zosongoka. Kumbuyo ndi kutsika kumbuyo ndikutali. Mphalapala imayamba kugona pang'ono, kutalika komanso kutalika, ndikokhala ndi minyewa yopangidwa bwino, mchira umakhala wotsika. Miyendo yake ndi yayitali komanso yopyapyala, yolumikizidwa bwino komanso yoluka yaying'ono. Maonekedwe a mutu ndi khosi ndizachilendo. Mutu umakhala wowongoka kapena wowoneka ngati nkhope, nthawi zina wokhala ndi mphumi wam'maso pang'ono, mbali yake yakumbuyo imakhala yoterera komanso yolowera. Makutu ndi aatali, oonda, m'malo otambalala. Maso ndi akulu, owoneka bwino, koma ali ndi mawonekedwe amtali, opindika pang'ono ("Diso laku Asia"). Khosi limakhala ndi mtundu wokhazikika, wowonda, wautali, wowongoka kapena wowoneka ngati S (khosi lotchedwa "deer" nthawi zambiri limawonedwa) ndi nape yayitali.

Khungu limakhala locheperako, ndipo maukonde amitsempha yamagazi amawonekera mosavuta kudzera mwa iye. Tsambalo ndi locheperako kwambiri, ndilofewa komanso lothina, ma mane amakhala osowa komanso ochepa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amaweta lonse, omwe amasiyanitsa kavalo wa Akhal-Teke ku mitundu ina ya akavalo. Kutentha kumakhala kokhazikika.

Masuti ndi osiyanasiyana, kuwonjezera pa zazikulu komanso zofala kwambiri - bay, wakuda, wofiira ndi imvi - pali ena osowa a Bulan, solovy, Isabella, Karakova, bulauni. Zizindikiro zoyera pamiyendo ndi nkhope zimatha kukhalapo. Mikwingwirima yonse imadziwika ndi ubweya wowoneka bwino wagolide kapena siliva.

Chiyambi cha dzina

Dzinalo lamakono linaperekedwa kwa mtundu womwe unasungidwa pamalo omwe mahatchi awa amakhala oyera m'khola la Akhal, natambasulira mbali yakumtunda kwa Kopet-Dag kuchokera ku Baharden kupita ku Artyk, komwe kumakhala fuko la Turkmen Teke (kapena Tekintsev). Chifukwa chake, "ahal-teke" ndi kavalo wa fuko la teke kuchokera m'malo a Ahal. Pazina ili, mtunduwu udayamba kudziwika mu Ufumu wa Russia atalandidwa ndi Turkmenistan, makamaka zaka za Soviet. Momwemonso, dzina la mtunduwu, womwe azungu adayambitsanso m'zaka za zana la 20, limamvekanso m'zilankhulo zina, mwachitsanzo: Chingerezi. Akhal-Teke, fr. Akhal-Teke, Netherlands. Akhal-Teke, wa ku Germany Achal Tekkiner, Switzerland. Achaltekeer etc.

Mitundu ya kubadwa

Mitunduyi idakhudzidwa ndi njira ya moyo yomwe idapangidwa ku Turkmens. Mawonekedwe odyetsa, kuphunzitsa kwachikhalidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito - kuphatikiza kuthamanga kwamtunda wautali komanso maulendo ataliitali - zonsezi zidakhudza zakunja ndi zamkati (zamkati) za kuswana: mahatchi adayamba kutsamira komanso owuma, popanda mafuta ochulukirapo, olimba mosazolowereka komanso osafuna kuchuluka ( ndi mtundu) wa chakudya.

Akavalo a Akhal-Teke ndi abwino kwambiri kukwera, mayendedwe ake ndi opanikizika ndipo samatopetsa wokwera. Nthawi yomweyo, chipongwe kapena kunyalanyaza chimavulaza Akhal-Teke kuposa mahatchi ena ambiri. Monga mahatchi onse oyera, mtundu wa Akhal-Teke sufanana ndi gawo la "masewera olimbitsa thupi" omwe amakwaniritsa zofuna za aliyense wokwera; pamafunika njira yapadera. Chifukwa chake, osewera ambiri, omwe amazolowera akavalo opanda magazi komanso opanda magazi, amawona kuti Akhal-Teke ndi ovuta kugwira nawo ntchito. Koma m'manja mwa wokwera wanzeru komanso woleza mtima, kavalo wa Akhal-Teke amatha kuwonetsa masewera othamanga.

Pokhala mbadwa za akavalo akutchire komanso ochulukirapo omwe adakulira m'chipululu chankhanza ndipo amakhala kumchenga wa Karakum, mahatchi a Akhal-Teke sakanatha kukhala olimba mtima pakupilira komanso kusinthika kuchokera kwa makolo awo kuzikhalidwe zachilengedwe. Ndizoyenererana ndi mchenga wowoneka bwino womwe Akhal-Teke amakhala ndi ma gitala osazolowereka: pamene akuyenda ndi sitepe ndi chida, zikuwoneka kuti kavalo akuyandama osayenda pamwamba pa nthaka osakhudza ndi mapazi ake. Njira yoyendera iyi idathandiza kuti Akhal-Tekes azitha kuyenda mosavuta ngakhale pamafulumpe.

Ngakhale khungu lake lanthete komanso chovala chachifupi kwambiri, kavalo wa Akhal-Teke amatha kulekerera kutentha kosiyanasiyana - kuyambira −30 mpaka + 50 ° C, komanso kutentha kwambiri.

Kukula kwakanthawi kwa mtunduwo kumabisala kupirira kopambana. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri yakale, panali zochitika zina pomwe Akhal-Teke adavulala kunkhondo ndikuwombera anthu osokoneza bongo atanyamula amuna awiri akuluakulu kumbuyo kwake, ndikuwasiya paulendo wofulumira. M'mbiri yamakono, akavalo a mtundu wa Akhal-Teke abwereza mobwerezabwereza maulendo apakati pa tsiku ndi masewera othamanga. Mpikisano wodziwika kwambiri pa Akhal-Teke unachitika mu 1935 m'njira ya Ashgabat-Moscow. Mtunda uwu unaphimbidwa m'masiku 84, ndipo okwerawo anaphimba mchenga wa Karakum m'masiku atatu osayima chakudya, chakumwa kapena kugona. Mahatchi onse adakhalabe athanzi ndipo adafika ku Moscow. Wopambana pa kuthamanga anali Bulan stallion Tarlan.

Monga mahatchi enieni achipululu, Akhal-Tekeans amapirira ludzu mosavuta.

Zoweta mapangidwe

Akavalo a Akhal-Teke anali ochokera kumadera a m'chipululu a Turkmen. Anthu amafunika hatchi yolimba, yopepuka komanso yachangu. Kuphatikiza pa izi, mtundu wa Akhal-Teke amayenera kukhala wolimba mtima komanso wokhulupirira mwachangu.

Mahatchiwa amasamaliridwa, amawaganizira kuti ndi abale awo. Nyamazo zimasamalidwa, kusamalidwa komanso kuwamvetsera mwachidwi. Chifukwa chake, zinali zotheka kupeza olimba, othamanga, achisomo komanso olimba mtima mtundu. Anthu okhala ku Akhal-Teke ndi odziwika chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo chofooka komanso chosafunikira.

Mphamvu za mahatchi aku Turkmen ndizabwino kwambiri. Amapirira kusintha kwa kutentha kwa mpweya kuchokera +50 mpaka - 30 madigiri. Pankhaniyi, nyama osataya ntchito zawo.

Mwachiwonekere, m'malo ovuta a nyengo, ndikofunikira kuti nyama zisazikweze kwambiri popanda kufunikira kwambiri. Mtundu wa Akhal-Teke ndiwovuta, koma mahatchi aku Turkmen sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso. Mahatchi aku Turkmen akhama kwambiri komanso mafoni.

Zithunzi: Kavalo wa Turkmen (zithunzi 25)

Nkhani

Akavalo a Akhal-Teke ndi chifukwa cha ntchito ya mibadwo yambiri ya obereketsa mahatchi pantchito yobereketsa, cholowa cha miyambo yoswana bwino pakavalo. Arminius Vambury, yemwe adapita ku Central Asia m'zaka za m'ma 18, analemba kuti:

Nyama zokongola izi ndizofunika pantchito yonse yomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa iwo ... M'malo mwake, zolengedwa ndizodabwitsa, zamtengo wapatali ndi ana a chipululu kuposa akazi, okwera mtengo kuposa ana, okwera mtengo kuposa miyoyo yawo. Zambiri kuthamanga kwawo komanso kupirira sizikokomeza konse.

Mbiri ya kubereka kumeneku imayamba kalelo, pa nthawi yomwe anthu ambiri olankhula ku Irani okhala kudera la Central Asia adayamba kubereka mahatchi omwe amapitilira ena onse mwamphamvu komanso okongola. Iwo anali ndi kakhalidwe kwenikweni kavalo. Mosiyana ndi izi, zikhalidwe zakale zoyandikana ndi a Irani sizinakhale ndi akavalo kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mahatchi ku Mesopotamia, Egypt yakale komanso mayiko ena a Middle East ndi Mediterranean adadutsa kuchokera ku Central Asia ndi Caucasus.

M'mabuku achi China, Davan wakale (Fergana II wa m'zaka za zana la AD) anali wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha akavalo. Sizowopsa kuti Davan adatchedwa dziko la "mahatchi akumwamba." Mahatchi a Ferghana anachokera pamahatchi a milungu yomwe. Mwa njira, kukongola kuthamanga, agility ndi kupirira sizinali zofanana ndi iwo. Ma intaneti onse okhatikiza mahatchi, kuphatikiza anthu oyandikana nawo komanso akutali, amakhulupirira kuti kulibenso chinthu chamtengo wapatali komanso mphatso yamtengo wapatali kuposa mahatchi a Ferghana. Malinga ndi nthano ya anthu wamba:

Akavalo otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi a Akhal-Teke a Turkmen, ndi mbadwa za mahatchi a Davan. Zithunzi za "mahatchi akumwamba" mpaka pano zasungidwa pathanthwe la chigwa cha Ferghana.

M'masiku akale, lingaliro la kubereka kwamadzi ku Central Asia litha kuphatikizidwa malinga ndi zomwe olemba mbiri yakale achi Greek komanso aku Roma adziwa.A Herototus adatinso: "Pali chigwa cha Nesseus ku Mead, komwe akavalo olemekezeka amapezeka." Zikuoneka kuti, Nesea amatanthauza chigwa cha Nishapur chomwe chili kumpoto kwa Iran pafupi ndi Turkmenistan. Olembanso ena amati mahatchi a Nesei anali abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo adakwiriridwa ndi mafumu achi Persia.

Mwakutsatira kwina, akavalo awa amawonekera pansi mayina osiyanasiyana, koma kuphunzira mosamala kukuwonetsa kuti inali mtundu umodzi womwewo, cholowa kuchokera pazikhalidwe zakale kupita zatsopano. Kupitiliza nthito kumatha kuyesedwa ngakhale ndi ma suti apadera. Chifukwa chake, a Herototus adawona kuti "Nisa (likulu la Parthia) ali ndi mahatchi onse achikasu," ndipo mahatchi omwe amapezeka ndi asitikali a Alexander the Great komwe masiku ano ndi Turkmenistan anali "oyera ndi utawaleza, komanso utoto wam'mawa." Zikuwoneka kuti, kwa anthu aku Irani wakale, suti ya golide idali ndi tanthauzo lopatulika, chifukwa kavalo adadzipereka kukhala mulungu wa dzuwa.

Kale ku Russia a Akhal-Teke ankadziwika ndi dzinali ratamak - komabe, ilo linali dzina la kavalo aliyense wamitundu yakutsogolo. Mwazi wa Akhal-Teke umayenda m'mitundu yambiri yaku Russia - makamaka akavalo a Don ndi aku Russia. Zomwe amathandizira pakukula kwa mahatchi a Kum'mawa ndi Kumadzulo nazonso ndi zazikulu, ndipo wasayansi waku Soviet T. Ryabova adati:

Kusintha kwawokwera pamahatchi achikhalidwe ku Asia - kuchokera ku Great Wall of China ndi m'mphepete mwa Indus kupita ku Egypt kwa zaka zambiri kwachitika motsogozedwa ndi akavalo aku Turkmen."

Amakhulupirira kuti anali a Akhal-Tekeans omwe anali m'gulu la makolo akale a mtundu woweta mahatchi, omwe kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1900 adakhazikitsidwa pamilandu yoyamba chifukwa cha kutengera kwawo mitundu ina. M'mbiri ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtundu wa Arabia, mphamvu ya Akhal-Teke imapangidwanso (ngakhale, m'masiku akale amenewo, dzina lamakono "Akhal-Teke" silinakhalepo). Malinga ndi katswiri wamkulu waziphuphu wa ku Soviet V.O. Witt, mtundu wa Akhal-Teke ndi "thumba la golide lokhala ndi miyendo ya dziko lonse lapansi, madontho omaliza a magwero a magazi oyera omwe adapanga makampani onse oweta mahatchi."

Mu Middle Ages ku Central Asia, mafuko a Turkic adadzikhazikitsa. Zaka zambiri zidadutsa, ndipo madera ambiri ku Central Asia adalankhula Turkic, koma obwera kumenewo adazindikira zochuluka kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha anthu achi Aborigine ndikusakanikirana nawo. A Turkmen amakono omwewo amtundu wa anthropological ali ndi zinthu zambiri za anthu akale aku Iran. Turkmens ndi mtundu wodabwitsa womwe watenga kuchokera ku ma Bactrian akale ndi Parthiya, omwe anali oyera komanso abwino kwambiri.

Ma Turkmens anali okonda kwambiri kuthamanga kwa akavalo ndipo amatenga maphunziro a akavalo kwambiri. Zochitika pankhaniyi zadutsa kuchokera kumibadwo kupita ku mibadwo. Akatswiri aku Soviet Union omwe amaphunzira za mtundu wa Akhal-Teke amaweta kuti maphunziro ophunzitsira a ku Turkmen anali ofanana ndi dongosolo lokonzekera mahatchi opanda mahatchi othamanga kumapikisano wothamanga ku Europe. M'malo mwake, Akhal-Teke ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yosakira kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo nyumba yonse yosungiramo mahatchiyi imapereka kavalo wobadwa mmenemo.

Akhal-Teke wodziwika kwambiri
Boynou (b. 1885)

Mwana wa boynou
Melekush (b. 1909)

M'masiku a Soviet, mtundu wa akaval-Teke okonzera mahatchi sunangobadwa mu Turkmen SSR, komanso m'gawo la Kazakh SSR ndi RSFSR. Panthawiyo, ntchito yoswana ndi mtunduwu inali makamaka zolakwika zakunja, komanso kuwonjezeka.

Masiku ano, dziko la Russia lili ndi akavalo ambiri a mtundu wa Akhal-Teke. Ma Akhaltekintsev amaweta m'mafamu a Stavropol No. 170, omwe adatchedwa Vladimir Shamborant "ShaEl", m'mafakitale ambiri ku Dagestan, Kalmykia ndi dera la Moscow.

Hatchi yamasiku ano ya Akhal-Teke imasiyana ndi yomwe inali zaka 100, 300 ndi 1000 zapitazo pokhapokha ngati ikukula komanso kukhala ndi thupi lolondola. Zinthu zonse zapadera za mtunduwu, zakunja ndi zamkati, zasungidwa.

Akhal-Teke wakunja

Makhalidwe wamba ndiosiyana ndi mitundu ina. Akhal-Teke ali ndi lamulo lalitali, lowuma. Ena amafanizira agalu a Akhal-Teke ndi galu wa greyhound kapena nyalugwe. Ali minofu ndi opepuka.

Maonekedwe onse a kavalo-wa Akhal-Teke ndiwotchukirapo. Khosi lalitali lokongola miyendo yayitali yotsika. Ma Akhal-Tekeans ali ndi mawonekedwe amodzi: anthu ena amtunduwu alibe mane.

Ma mane ena onse sichabwino kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti maiguamaki amakhala munthawi yotentha, kuphatikiza apo, masamba ochulukirapo amatha kusokoneza liwiro la kavalo.

Kugwiritsa

Akavalo a Akhal-Teke, monga mtundu wokwera pamahatchi, amatha kuthekera kwambiri pamasewera ambiri apamwamba. Akavalo a akavalo-a-Akhal-Teke adalamulidwa ndikupanga kwa USSR. Mwa kuthamanga kwa akavalo a Akhal-Teke, mphotho zonse zakale ndi magulu onse azaka ndi akazi zimakhazikitsidwa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimavomerezedwa pamaulendo okwera pamahatchi. Izi ndiye, choyambirira, mphotho ya Derby, mphotho yayikulu yamahatchi onse omwe amayesedwa ku hippodromes, ndi mphotho zonse zachikhalidwe, pomwe dzina lokha limasintha, ndipo mtunda umakhalabe wapamwamba ku England.

Mphotho zazikulu zonse, kuphatikiza All-Russian Derby ya mtundu wa Akhal-Teke, zimachitika pa mpikisano wothamanga waukulu kwambiri komanso wofunikira kwambiri ku Russia - Pyatigorsk. Mutha kuwona mipikisano pamahatchi a Akhal-Teke komanso pa hippodrome ya Krasnodar, komanso pamavuto aku Ashgabat ndi Tashkent. Ku Moscow Hippodrome, akavalo a Akhal-Teke adayamba koyamba mu 2005, pomwe Mphoto za Russia Argamak ndi Shamborant Cup Zimawachitikira.

Akhal-Teke amalemba liwiro m'mipikisano yosalala: Ana azaka ziwiri pa 1000 m - 1 min 03.5 s, azaka zitatu pa 2000 m - 2 min 11.5 s, 2400 m - 2 min 41.6 s.

M'masewera apamwamba a equestrian, akavalo a Akhal-Teke amawonetsanso talente yayikulu. Ochita nawo mpikisano wamkulu anali oyimba achi Arab (omwe anamaliza kuthamangitsa Ashgabat - Moscow m'malo achiwiri), Posman ndi Penteli. Anali Mwaulemu wachikuda yemwe adawonetsa talente yayikulu yolumpha, atapambana pa mpikisano kutalika kwa 2 m 12 cm, komwe kuli kofunikira kwa kavalo wopikisana.

Mwana wamwamuna wa wamkazi wakuda waku Arabia Absinthe (Arab - Baccarat 1952) adalemekeza mtundu wa Akhal-Teke padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 1960, polankhula mu pulogalamu yoyeserera ku Olimpiki ku Roma, Absent ndi wokwerapo wake Sergei Filatov adadzakhala opikisana pa Olimpiki. M'mbiri yonse ya Olimpiki yochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, a Absent adangokhalabe akavalo yekhayo - mpikisano wolimbitsa thupi wa Olimpiki wa anthu omwe sanali achijeremani ndipo alibe ngakhale dontho la magazi la akavalo amasewera aku Germany. Kuphatikiza paudindo wa osewera wa Olimpiki, a Absinthe, adapambanaponso udindo wa ngwazi ya ku Europe ndipo anali wopambana ambiri pa mpikisano wa USSR. Mu 1964, Absinthe adapambana mendulo ya mkuwa pa Masewera a Olimpiki ku Tokyo motsogozedwa ndi Honored Master of Sports of USSR Sergey Filatov, ndipo pa Masewera a Olimpiki ku Mexico City adagawana kale siliva wa timu ya Soviet motsogozedwa ndi Ivan Kalita.

Chipilala kwa woimira odziwika bwino wa mtundu wa Akhal-Teke aikidwapo kwawo, ku Kazakhstan, pagawo la famu ya Lugovsky studio.

Masiku ano, mahatchi a Akhal-Teke akupitilizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masewera apamwamba a oyang'anira, makamaka kuyang'ana kubwereza.

Zosiyanasiyana zamasuti

Anthu a Akhal-Teke amabwera osiyanasiyana. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi suti ya akavalo aku Isabella. Isabella ndimtundu wa mkaka wophika womwe umasintha mtundu kutengera kuyatsa.

Akhal-Teke angakhale siliva ndi pinki komanso wabuluu. Kusiyana kwa mitundu, kuphatikiza ndi maso amtundu wa zokongoletsera izi, kumapangitsa kuti anthu a Akhal-Teke akhale nyama zokongola kwambiri komanso zachilendo za dongosolo la equine.

Tsitsi lahatchi ya Akhal-Teke limasiyanitsidwa ndi zofewa zofatsa. Tsitsi la nyama limaponyedwa ndi ma sheen a saten. Kukula kwa mahatchi ndikukulira. Kutalika kwa akavalo imafika mita ikufota. Nyama zazikulu, komabe, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chisomo komanso kukongola.

Maso a Tekintsev ndiwotsika pang'ono. Pamutu pamapezeka makutu ooneka bwino. Simudzakumana ndi Akhal-Teke kuthengo. Anthu akubereka. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito pamasewera a equestrian, kuthamanga kwa akavalo, kusunthanso, mahatchi oterewa amawadula.

Kuswana

Mtunduwu umakhala ndi mizere yomwe imapita makamaka ku kavalo wotchuka wa m'zaka za zana la 19. Wankhanza : oyimba Melekush (Boynou - Oraz Niyaz Karadyshly 1909, mu 1956 adaperekedwa kwa N. S. Khrushchev ngati mphatso kwa Elizabeth II), Everdy Telecom ndi Sapar Khan. Mizere ina yayikulu pamzera wamakono wa Akhal-Teke ndi mizere Gelishikli (Fakir Sulu - Gesel 1949) Arabu, Kaplan, Kir Sakara (Algyr - Aiden 1936) Spruce (Tugurbay - Elkab 1932) ndi Fakirpelvana (Fakir Sulu - Fidget 1951).

Mahatchi a Akhal-Teke akuwonetsedwa lero pa liwiro la akavalo, komanso mphete zowonetsera za Russia ndi dziko lapansi, komanso mphete za zochitika zazikulu zoperekedwa kwa akavalo, mwachitsanzo, Exiros International Horse Exhibition ku Moscow. Gulu la Equiros limachita nawo mpikisano wadziko lonse lapansi wa World Cup, wokhazikitsidwa ndi Vladimir Shamborant Horse Stud. World Cup ndiye chiwonetsero chachikulu kwambiri chosonyeza mtundu wa Akhal-Teke.

Mitunduyi imalimidwa m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi.

Zosamalira za kavalo wa Akhal-Teke

Zomwe zili mu kavalo wa Akhal-Teke ziyenera kuganizira mawonekedwe awo opulupudza. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mahatchi awa adaleredwa kale ngati bulu wamwini m'modzi. Chifukwa chake, samvera kwambiri maukwati ndi ogwira ntchito omwe akusamalira akavalo a Akhal-Teke.

Ichi ndi nyama yodziyimira payokha. Ali ndi malingaliro okwera wokwera. Ngati wokwera sakulumikizana ndi kavalo, akhoza kuchita naye zomwe akufuna.

Ndikofunika kuperekera maphunziro a Akhal-Teke katswiri wosamalira. Kuchuluka kwa chitukuko cha thupi pakati pa anthu a Teking kumabwera mochedwa - pa zaka 4-5. Kusamalira mahatchi a ku Turkmen awa ndi awa:

• kudyetsa,
• kusamba tsiku ndi tsiku
• kuyeretsa,
• kuyenda kwakutali.

Kodi ndimasewera ati omwe Akhal-Teke amagwiritsa ntchito?

Mahatchi a Akhal-Teke ndi abwino kukwera. Mphamvu yawo komanso kufulumira kwawo kudzakhala kothandiza m'derali. Ndipo othamanga amathokoza luso lawo lofewa, losalala.

Pazokonzanso amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito. Chisomo ndi chisomo cha kavalo adzapatsa mfundo zabwino powunika maluso ndi zakunja.

Mu maphunziro a Akhal-Teke, kukonda kwawo ufulu komanso kudziyimira pawokha ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Akavalo amenewa sadzalola kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kukakamiza. Ndi ka chikondi ndi chithandizo chachikondi chokha chomwe mahatchi a Akhal-Teke angaleredwe.

Mitundu yamagulu a Akhal-Teke amtundu wamahatchi

1. Gelishikli - oimira ambiri amtunduwu, okhala ndi mawonekedwe.
2. Cyrus - Sakara - Akhal-Teke mahatchi okhala ndi malamulo olimba komanso zotsatira zabwino patali.
3. Skaka - nthumwi zamtunduwu ndizokulirapo ndipo matupi awo amawongolera pang'ono.
4. Kaplana - wopatulidwa pamzere wa kir - sakara. Zinyama zamtunduwu, mtundu wowoneka bwino komanso mtundu waukulu. Mahatchi amakhala othandiza kwambiri.
5. Spruce - akavalo amtunduwu waufupi. Pazifukwa izi, adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi kuposa ena.
6. MaArab - akhungu akuda ndi mares Bay - ichi ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu. Uku ndi mtundu wolemekezedwa ndi osewera. Komanso okonda kubereketsa mahatchi apakatikati pake adamukonda.
7. Karlavach ndi nyama zokulirapo. Anayamba kukondedwa ndi obereketsa mahatchi pamasewera othamanga.
8. Fakirpelvana - akavalo awa adziwonetsa okha pakusamalira akavalo pamahatchi. Yesetsani kukonza mtunduwo.

Akhal-Teke kuswana

Akavalo a maal-Teke amaswana mwanjira yachilengedwe m'mafamu a Stud. Koma, obereketsa amakonda kulowetsedwa, popeza njirayi imakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri.

Mimba ya mayi imatenga miyezi khumi ndi umodzi. Nthawi zambiri, nyani mmodzi amabadwaNthawi zambiri kavalo amabweretsa ana awiri. M'mphindi zoyambirira, ankhandwe amakhala ndi vuto pang'ono, koma patapita maola ochepa, amayamba kuyenda mwachangu ndikugwera m'manja mwa amayi.

Posakhalitsa amasuntha okha. Zopusa theka la chaka amadya mkaka wa m'mawere. Pambuyo pake, imasinthidwa kukhala zakudya zamasamba.

Akavalo a Ahal-Teke ndi mtundu wokwera pamahatchi. Koma amaleredwa mwachangu ku Turkmenistan, ndi ku Russia, ndi ku America. Owona mahatchi ogwirizana amayenera akavalo awo kwambiri. Amazisunga nthawi yachifumu ndipo amazungulira mozungulira ndi chisamaliro. Anthu a Akhal-Teke lero ali chuma chamtundu wonseosungidwa mosamala ndi otetezedwa ndi obereketsa akavalo.

Akavalo a Akhal-Teke ku Russia

Mahatchi a Akhal-Teke anali otchuka kwambiri mu Ufumu wa Russia. Oyamba a iwo amabwera kudzikoli nthawi ya Tsar Ivan The Mantha. Zowona, nthawi imeneyo dzina lamakono la akavalo awa analibe, ndipo mahatchi onse okhala ndi kunja kwakudziwika amatchedwa "aramak."

Ku Russia, Akhaltenkines anali amtengo wapatali. Obereketsa otchuka ambiri adawagulira ndalama zambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito pantchito zobereketsa. Zinali pamaziko a mahatchiwa kuti mahatchi a Don, aku Russia ndi mitundu ina idapangidwa.

Kuphatikiza pazonse, kunalinso malo ena odziwika omwe anali kubereka mahatchi a Akhal-Teke okha. Munthawi ya USSR, gawo lawo lalikulu pantchito inali kukonza zolakwika zina mu malamulo a akavalo, komanso kukula kwazomwe zikukula.

Masiku ano, kavalo wa Akhal-Teke ndiofala ku Russia. Chiwerengero chachiwiri chachikulu kwambiri cha oimira agalu chimakhazikika pano. Komanso, obereketsa zoweta zowonjezera zowonjezera zakunja zakunja, komanso mawonekedwe akunja.

Khalidwe

Chikhalidwe cha akavalo a Akhal-Teke kuti agwirizane ndi mawonekedwe awo. Izi ndi nyama zonyada, zabwino. Mu magawo oyambilira akukumana ndi stallion wotere, mwiniwake amayenera kuyesetsa kuti akhulupirire. Koma ngati kavalo amamuzindikira ameneyo, ndiye kuti adzakhala wodzipereka kwa iye moyo wake wonse.

China chake chofotokozera za mbiri ya Akhal-Teke ndichoti ngati nyama yotere imazindikira mwiniwake, ndiye kuti imakomera anthu ena kulowa. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti zoterezi zimayikidwa mumtundu wa kavalo chifukwa cha njira yapadera yolerera ankhondowo mu fuko la Teke.

Ponena za mikhalidwe yapamwamba kwambiri, izi zimaphatikizapo mphamvu, kukulitsa malingaliro, chidwi chofulumira, koma popanda kupsa mtima kwakukulu. Komanso mahatchiwa ndi akatswiri kwambiri. Mwiniwake akakhala kuti alibe mphamvu zokwanira kukwera pahatchi yake, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri yachiwiri imayambiranso ndikuchita zinthu zina.

Zabwino ndi zovuta za mtundu

Anthu a Akhal-Teke ndi osakaniza chisomo, mphamvu komanso kupirira. Akavalo wonyada komanso anzeru amafunika ulemu ndipo samakhululuka. Amalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi mwini wakeyo ndipo sangavomereze kusintha kwa umwini. Mahatchi sakukakamira pa chakudya, koma ayenera kusamalidwa mosamalitsa.

Kukula kwakuthupi pamahatchi amtundu wa Akhal-Teke kumatha zaka 4-6, zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo wa kusamalira.

Kufotokozera kwa kavalo wa Akhal-Teke

Mahatchi amtunduwu, akawonedwa, sangasokonezedwe ndi ena. Kuyera kwa magazi osungidwa zaka zikuluzikulu kwawonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe akunja. Akhalteke stallion pa kufota amafika masentimita 160-170, mare - 150-160 cm. Ngati mumayerekezera ndi nyama zamtundu wina, ndiye kuti zimafanana ndi cheetah: kuwala komweko, mwachangu, kokongola. Anthu okhala ku Akhal-Teke akusewera komanso kulumpha, amatha popanda madzi ndi chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zosiyanasiyana ndi ma suti

Pali mitundu itatu mkati mwa mtundu:

1. Wamtali, wokhala ndi thupi lokwanira bwino.
2. Srednerosly, ndi mitundu yowerengera yolingana.
3. Mwachidule, mwamphamvu.

Pakati pa mahatchi a Akhal-Teke pali mahatchi amikwingwirima yosiyanasiyana (pazigawo za chiwerengero chonse cha ziweto):

Mikwingwirima yonse imadziwika ndi undercoat yaifupi ya utoto wagolide kapena siliva.Zimapatsa mtundu waukulu kuwala, kusintha kutengera kunyezimira kwa kuwalako.

Mayendedwe ndi Kuphunzira

Mahatchi a Akhal-Teke samasiyana pakudziwika kwa alendo. Mawonekedwe a mapangidwe amtunduwo adayamba kunyada komanso kudziyimira pawokha. Akhal-Teke amangoona amene ali ndi mwini wakeyo, samacheza ndi anthu ena. Kulumikizidwa koteroko kwakulimidwa mu nyama mwakakhala kwazaka zambiri.

Mwa anthu a Akhal-Teke, anthu abwino, amanjenje ndi otentha amapezeka. Kukakamizidwa mokakamizidwa kumakumana ndi kuuma ndikukana kumvera malamulo. Koma kavalo sawonetsa ukali kwa munthu.

Musanayambe maphunziro, muyenera kukhala olimba mtima. Izi zimatenga nthawi, kumvetsetsa zama psychology a Akhal-Teke. Ngati kavalo azindikira wophunzitsayo, ndiye kuti kuphunzira sikutanthauza kuchita khama. Akavalo a Akhal-Teke, okhala ndi kukumbukira bwino, amaphunzira mosavuta komanso mwakufuna kwawo.

Kodi mahatchi a suti ya isabella ndi chiyani?

Mtundu wa Isabella amafanana ndi mtundu wa mkaka wophika. Achal Tekeans a sutiyi ali ndi khungu la pinki komanso Tsitsi lofiirira. Dzuwa, mahatchi a Akhal-Teke amtundu wa Isabella amawoneka akuponyedwa golide. Kuphatikiza pa mtundu wosowa, ali ndi maso owoneka a buluu kapena obiriwira.

Oberera amafotokozera mawonekedwe a mahatchi a sutiyi ndi mawonekedwe obisika a alubino. Kutsimikizira izi ndikudziwikiratu kwa ma isabella akavalo ku matenda amaso ndi khungu, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri ndi maalubino. Anthu okhala ku Akhal-Teke okhala ndi mtundu ngatiwo ndi ovuta kuzolowera machitidwe achipululu a Turkmen.

Malamulo oyambira zofunikira

Kuti akhale ndi thanzi la mahatchi amtundu wa Akhalteke, amafunika kutsatira zofunika kuti azisamalira.

Mndandanda wazofunikira

1. Kudyetsa malinga ndi ntchito yanyama.
2. Kuyeretsa tsiku ndi tsiku.
3. Chithandizo cha madzi katatu pamlungu.
4. Kamodzi pamwezi, kuyang'ana kwa ziboda.
5. Kawiri kuyendera mano.
6. Yendani tsiku ndi tsiku mlengalenga ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kutsuka mahatchi:

• maburashi atsitsi lachilengedwe (olimba komanso ofewa),
• chisa chamatabwa
• masiponji (a muzzle ndi repitsa),
• velvet / nsalu,
• nsanza zakutsuka,
• kuyeretsa mbedza.

Njira yoyeretsera imayamba ndi mutu, kusunthira mapewa, kufota, kumbuyo ndi miyendo. Pa ubweya gwiritsani ntchito burashi yolimba. M'malo omwe mafupa satetezedwa ndi minofu, yeretsani ndi burashi yofewa. Kenako mchira ndi mane amapukutidwa ndimadzi ndikumizidwa ndi chisa. Hooves amayeretsedwa ndi mbedza ndikupukuta ndi nsanza. Pukutani muzizungulira ndi chinkhupule chonyowa mozungulira maso ndi mphuno. Siponji wina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa khungu pansi mchira. Opepuka ma velvet mittens mopepuka amapaka hatchi yonse.

Kukhazikitsa khola

Khola ili kunja kwa mzinda, kutali ndi mseu. Nyama zimasungidwa m'malo am matabwa, ndi mpweya wabwino, kuyatsa (zachilengedwe + zokumba). M'makola amamanga pansi: pansi pa dongo la konkriti amaika bedi laudzu pafupifupi masentimita 10. Zodyetsa zimayikidwa kudutsa lonse la khondalo ndikuzama kwa pallet ya masentimita 40.

Kudyetsa ndi kumwa

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa kavalo maola ena, komwe kumapangitsa kuti madzi abwinobwino azikhala bwino komanso kuti muzitha kupeza chakudya. Ma regimen akumwa ndi ofanana ndi mitundu ina ya akavalo: madzi amaperekedwa asanadye. Kukula kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumasiyana ndi nthawi ya chaka. Mu nyengo yotentha, kavalo amafunika malita 60-70 amadzi, panthawi yozizira - malita 35-40. Madzi azikhala abwino, oyera, otentha kwa + 10 ... + 15 madigiri.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi sizololedwa theka la ora musanadye kapena mutatha kudya. Kavalo wokhetsa thukuta amathiriridwa pambuyo pake kuzirala. Chakudyacho chimatsimikiziridwa potsatira zolimbitsa thupi. M'masiku akale, a Turkmens ankathandizira kavalo ndi mkaka wangamila, mafuta oboola m'mafuta okhala ndi ana a nkhosa, mazira.

Chakudya chachikulu

Maziko omwe zakudya zamahatchi a Akhal-Teke ndi:

• ziphuphu
• chakudya chobiriwira
• amaganiza.

• hay,
• udzu,
• Chaff wa tirigu wamasika, barele.

Chakudya chobiriwira ndi udzu watsopano. Chakudya chophatikizika chimaphatikizapo chimanga ndi silage.

Zakudya zamagulu azakudya za Akhal-Teke:

Silage imakonzedwa kuchokera ku chimanga chobiriwira kapena mpendadzuwa. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zimaganizira mtengo wa nyama. Patsiku lomwe mahatchi akuyenda ndikuyenda kothamanga, amapatsidwa chakudya (chokhwima komanso chobiriwira) popanda kuzungulira. Ndi kukwera kwakanthawi kothamanga, liwiro lamaphunziro limachepetsedwa mpaka 70%, ndikulowetsa m'malo mozungulira. Pa maphunziro owonetsa kulumpha, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kukwera pamagulu, kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumakhala kosinthika kukhala 40%.

Mukuwonetsa kudumpha, dressage, zakudya ndi mbewu monga chimanga ndi zofanana. Pa triathlon, kavalo amafunika mphamvu zambiri ndipo amalandila 60% ya tirigu ndi 40% ya furu. Mahatchi a Akhal-Teke omwe akuchita nawo mpikisano amadyetsedwa makamaka ndi chakudya chokhazikika (70%).

Mukamadyetsa, nyamayo imayamba kudyetsedwa moyambirira, kenako yobiriwira. Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku wa roughage umagawika m'magawo anayi: umodzi m'mawa ndi masana, awiri usiku.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi

Hatchi imapereka chakudya chomaliza chamafuta (masamba, zipatso). Mavitamini amawonjezeredwa kuzakudya zofunika.

Masuti oyambira

Anthu okhala ku Akhal-Teke amasangalala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, pakati pawo pali mitundu ofiira, ya piebald, yakuda, ya mchenga, yachikasu, yofiirira ya chokoleti, ya red cuffac komanso yamkaka ya pinki yokhala ndi mthunzi wa pelescent. Kufotokozera za suti zotchuka kwambiri za argamaks zimawonetsedwa patsamba lotsatirali.

Mwa a Akhal-Teke oimira suti ya bay bay (40%). Kenako, pakutsika, akavalo otsatiridwa ndi bulan (20%), khwangwala (12%), ofiira (11%), imvi (8%), saline (5%) ndi isabella (2.5%) akutsatira.

Suti ya Isabel

Makina osowa kwambiri, komanso chifukwa chotenga mtengo kwambiri a Akhal-Teke, ndi amtundu wa isabella wokhala ndi khungu la pinki komanso wobiriwira kapena kuwala kwamtambo. Ubweya wa Isabella Akhal-Teke umayaka padzuwa, ngati golide wamoyo. Mukuwala kwamasana, imapeza mthunzi wopepuka, wowala pang'ono - mthunzi wopindika.

Ndizovuta kufotokozera chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mahatchi odabwitsa a isabella. Asayansi amati utotoowu unawonekera chifukwa chophatikiza mitundu ya jini yomwe imapangitsa kuti mitundu ya kuwala ikhale pamahatchi komanso kuponderezana ndi mitundu yakuda.

Akhal-Teke Isabella

Mtundu wowala kwambiri wa khungu, maso ndi malaya ndi chizindikiro chosonyeza khungu. Pachifukwachi, anthu a Isabella Akhal-Teke ali ndi vuto la matenda amaso ndi khungu, komanso amasinthasintha moyo wawo mchipululu.

Chovala chomwe chimakhala chatsopano m'masamba amtundu wa pinki chimakhala chopepuka. Ana akamakula, amayamba kukhala wonyezimira, kusewera padzuwa ndi ma shimmimoni okhala ndi silvery, chikasu kapenanso mawonekedwe apinki apamwamba. Pazaka zambiri, tsitsili limakhala lochepa pang'ono, koma limakhala lonyezimira.

Anthu a Isabella Akhal-Teke ndi osowa kwambiri, chifukwa chake amakhala amitengo yamakampani apadziko lonse lapansi. Mtengo wa oyimira bwino kwambiri sutiyi amafika miliyoni dollars dollars.

Kusamba

Akhal-Teke, ndi mafoni am'manja, njira zamadzi ndizothandiza. Madzi amapatsa mphamvu nyamayo, imakhudza chisangalalo ndi chikhumbo. Kusamba kumachitika nthawi 1 m'masiku awiri. M'chilimwe, kavalo amatsitsidwa mu dziwe (lachilengedwe / lochita kupanga). Chaka chonsecho, amadzikoka ndi payipi kapena ndowa. Dziwe liyenera kukhala ndi mchenga kapena miyala pansi popanda kuluka.

Kutentha kwamadzi - mkati mwa +20 madigiri. Mankhwalawa amatenga mphindi 20. Mapeto ake, madzi ochulukirapo amachotsedwa ndi chikhatho, chopukutira. Kuuma kwa khungu ndi tsitsi kumachitika mlengalenga. Nyamayi imayenda pang'onopang'ono kwa mphindi 20 mpaka italowa padzuwa. Akavalo amaphunzitsidwa kusamba kuchokera pamphuno ndi ndowa pang'onopang'ono, kotero kuti madzi osakakamizidwa samawopseza.

Kusamalira mano

Ndi ukalamba, mano otafuna a Akhal-Teke amayamba kuvunda, zimamupweteka pamene akutafuna. Nyama ikakula, nthawi zambiri imafunikira kupenda mano ake. Ngati mano akukaikiridwa, kavaloyo amawonetsedwa kwa katswiri.

Zizindikiro zamavuto amano ndizovuta zam'mbuyo zam'mbuyo, kusowa chakudya, komanso nkhawa zopanda pake za nyama: kavalo nthawi zambiri amabwerera m'mbuyo.

Magawo a ntchito

Anthu okhala ku Akhal-Teke amatenga nawo mbali mu mpikisano wokwera pamahatchi pamtunda wothamanga (kuthamanga pamahatchi osayenda) komanso kuthamanga mtunda, sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pakupanga ndi kuwonetsa kudumpha.

Argamaki ndi akavalo odabwitsa. Chifukwa cha kupirira kwawo, akavalo amavutika mosavuta ndi mipikisano ya sprint ndipo nthawi zambiri amafika pamapeto. Kuyenda kwawo kwamasika sikulemetsa okwera.

Akavalo a Akhal-Teke amakhala omasuka kwa okwera

Pankhani yothamanga, Akhal-Teke amakhala otsika kwambiri kuposa mahatchi okwera England. Ku Turkmenistan, mpikisano wapadera umachitika kwa maamamu, mahatchi amitundu ina saloledwa kuchita nawo.

Pazomwezo, ma Akhal-Tekes alibe ofanana. Akavalo ophunzitsidwa bwino a mtunduwu, omwe amatsatira malamulo, amawoneka okongola komanso okongola. Koma kusala kopanda malire kuli zaka zambiri za maphunziro ovuta.

Posonyeza kudumpha, mbiri ya oimira ichi ndi 2 m 12 cm, pomwe mbiri padziko lonse lapansi idali yozungulira 2 cm 47 cm.

Chimodzi mwazomwe zimaswanidwa ndi kusachedwa kusinthika: kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi kavalo ukufika zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Izi zimawonjezera mtengo wamakonzedwe awo ndikuchepetsa mwayi wogwiritsidwa ntchito m'masewera olingana.

Ma bulu a Akhal-Teke amasinthidwa bwino kuti aphunzitsidwe ma circus ndi maphunziro apakavalo.

Akhal-Teke Circus Horse

Horseshoe

Mahatchi omwe akuchita nawo mpikisano wamahatchi, mpikisano, amakhala opindika ndi mahatchi apadera omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya mafupa. Izi zimateteza nyama kuti isavulale mwendo. Nthawi zina, amazipangira kavalo.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za mtunduwu

M'dziko lapansi muli kuchuluka kwa mahatchi a 3,000 a Akhal-Teke. Theka la iwo ali ku Turkmenistan. Anthu aku Turkmens amawona nzika za Akhal-Teke ngati chuma chawo, dzina ladziko. Hatchiyo ikuwonetsedwa pamalaya akunja, mawu osunga ndalama zakunja. Mwaulemu wake, tchuthi chadzikoli chimachitika - mipikisano ya pachaka, yomwe ndi Akhal-Teke okha omwe angatenge nawo gawo.

M'mbuyomu, olamulira a dzikolo adakwanitsa kusunga Akhal-Teke kuweta ng'ombe. Ma Nomadic Turkmens anali ndi akavalo 1-2, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi nyumba pa lasso yayitali. Zidole za nyengo yozizira zimatengedwa kupita kuchihema. Zolemba zazitali zakhazikitsa ubale pakati pa munthu ndi kavalo, ngati okwatirana ofanana ndi kukhulupirirana wina ndi mnzake.

M'masiku akale, a Turkmen adakhala woyamba malinga ndi kufunikira kwa abambo, ndiye - mlendo. Akavalo adatenga malo achitatu, anali wofunika kwambiri kuposa mkazi wake, ana ndi abale ena. Akavalo a Ahal-Teke anakhalapo okalamba kwambiri, osadziwa kuti chikwapu ndi chiyani. Kuyenda kwa kavalo aliyense ankadutsa pakamwa chifukwa cha kusaphunzira. Zambiri za bukulo zinapeza pofika zaka za m'ma 1900.

Akhal-Teke absinthe pa masewera a Olimpiki ku Roma (1960) adakhala chidwi padziko lonse lapansi. Pogwira ntchito yake yoyeserera, adakopa omvera kukongola kunja, kupha kwakukulu kwa magulu, kuwonetsa kuphatikiza kwa wokwera ndi kavalo.

Kuyeretsa

Ubweya wa Akhal-Teke uyenera kutsukidwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Zida zotsatirazi ziyenera kukonzekera kuyeretsa:

• maburashi atatu (ndi mulu wolimba, wofewa komanso wautali),
• chisa chabwino
• masiponji awiri
• velvet mittens kapena nsalu
• nsanza zakutsuka,
• kuyeretsa mbedza.

Hatchiyo imatsukidwa motere: choyamba, mutu kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja, kenako mapewa, kufota, kumbuyo ndi miyendo. Kupaka burashi, bulashi yokhala ndi zitsulo zolimba imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo madera omwe mafupa amayandikira pafupi ndi khungu amayeretsedwa ndi burashi yofewa. Kenako ikani mchira ndi chingwe ndi chisa chabwino.

Kenako, ndi mbedza yapadera, ziboda zimatsukidwa. Kunja, ziboda zimapukutidwa ndi ziphuphu. Masiponji awiri amakhala osungunuka m'madzi ofunda: wina amapukuta mphuno ndi malo ozungulira maso, enawo khungu pansi mchira. Pomaliza, ubweya umachapidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza kapena velvet mitt.

Ngati mchira wahatchiyo ukuoneka ngati wamiseche komanso wotupa, yesani kukulunga ndi bandeji kwa maola angapo. Izi zingathandize kuti mchira wawo ukhale wowoneka bwino.

Dera la Akhal-Teke mtundu wamahatchi

Amakhulupirira kuti kavalo wa Akhal-Teke adawoneka pafupifupi zaka 3000 BC. m'dera lomwe Turkmenistan ilimo lero. Poganizira kuti chiwerengero choyera chomwe sichinawolokedwe ndi mahatchi ena chafika masiku athu ano, mahatchi a Akhal-Teke amatengedwa ngati muyezo wokwera pamahatchi.

Tili ndi mwayi chifukwa cha mtunduwu kwa anthu olankhula ku Iran aku Central Asia, omwe amakonda ndi kulemekeza nyama izi. Pofuna kupanga kavalo wabwino, anthuwa adapanga ma Akhal-Tekeans omwe timawadziwa masiku ano.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pofika nthawi yomwe mtundu wa Akhal-Teke amawonekera, malo omwe anthu anali atatukuka, monga Mesopotamia ndi Old Egypt, anali asanagwiritse ntchito nyama izi. Hatchi yakunyumba inabwera kwa iwo ndendende kuchokera ku Central Asia, ndiye kuti, mahatchi a Akhal-Teke ndi omwe anayambitsa mitundu ina yonse yakumadzulo. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, ngakhale chitukuko chakummawa (China, Japan) adapeza akavalo moyenera kudzera mwa Akhal-Teke.

Mauthenga omwe mahatchi abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi amaweta m'dera la Turkmenistan yamakono amapezeka paliponse m'mabuku akale, kuyambira nthawi ya afara. Ndi ma Middle Ages okha kufunika kwa mtunduwu kudayamba kutayika, popeza mbadwa zotchuka za akavalo a Akhal-Teke - mahatchi aku Arabia, Andalus ndi zina zambiri zidayamba kuchuluka ku Asia ndi ku Europe.

Pamene ku Europe ndi mayiko achiArabu adagawanika ndi nyama zakomweko, mtundu wa Akhal-Teke wamahatchi udakali wotchuka kwambiri ku Central Asia ndi Russia (nthawi imeneyo timautcha "argamak"). Komabe, pofika nthawi imeneyo panali anthu ochepa omwe anali akuwunikiratu kuyera kwa mwalawo ndipo zinali pafupi kuti nthaka isakokoloke. Mitunduyo idapulumutsidwa ndikukula kwa Ufumu wa Russia ku Central Asia. Pofika nthawi yomwe anthu aku Russia adafika chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 Ziweto zopanda nyama zinangotsala mwa malo a Akhal-Tek. Chifukwa chake mtunduwu udadzipangira dzina lamakono.

Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu zaku Soviet, ntchito yayikulu yobereketsa idayamba, yomwe cholinga chake chinali "kusintha" mtundu wakalewu komanso wathere pang'ono. Zoyeserera zazikulu zidapangidwa kuti awonjezere kukula kwa kavaloyo ndikukonza zolakwika zina kunja. Chifukwa cha izi, okhala m'masiku ano a Akhal-Teke amasiyana makolo awo, omwe adakhala zaka chikwi zapitazo, akukulira komanso ochulukirapo. Ndipo machitidwe ena onse omwe amapangitsa kuti kavalo wa Akhal-Teke akhale abwino kwambiri kapena amodzi mwabwino kwambiri asungidwa.

Kuchokera ku Soviet Union, kavalo wa Akhal-Teke adayambanso kufalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Kupezanso mtundu uwu wokha, dziko la Azungu linayamba kugwiritsa ntchito dzina lathulo - Akhalteke. Masiku ano, mahatchiwa amaweta m'maiko ambiri, koma ziweto zambiri ku Russia ndi Turkmenistan.

Kodi ndizotheka kubereka Akhal-Teke?

Chifukwa chake, tatiuza pafupifupi chilichonse chokhudza mahatchi a Akhal-Teke, tsopano tiyeni tisunthirepo ku chinthu chachikulu - ku chiyembekezo cha kuswana kwa malonda ku Russia.

Popeza mtundu wa mahatchi a Akhal-Teke ndiwofala kwambiri kudziko lathu, mtengo wamitengo ya atsikana ang'ono ndiwotsika kwambiri kuposa mitengo ya Mitundu yaku Europe kapena ku America.Komabe, musaiwale kuti tikulankhula za mtundu wolimbirana bwino, kutanthauza kuti kutanthauzira kumakhala kwamtengo kuposa kavalo wabwinobwino.

Poganizira mawonekedwe, cholinga ndi mtengo wamahatchi amtundu wa Akhalteke, pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungapangire ndalama pobala ndi kulera.

Poyamba, nyamazo zimafunikabe kumasewera, ngati mungakhale ndi njira yolumikizirana ndi anthu olemera omwe amakonda kwambiri nkhaniyi, mutha kuyamba kugulitsa stallions kwa omwe akufuna kuchita nawo masewera olingana. Palibe chifukwa chofotokozera momwe msika uliri komanso wocheperako. Kuti mupeze ndalama, muyenera kuchita khama kwambiri kuposa mtundu wina uliwonse wabizinesi.

Kachiwiri, anthu okhala ku Akhal-Teke nthawi zambiri amakhala oyenera kukopa alendo. Ndipo ngakhale pali nthano yopitilira pa mtundu wa mtundu uwu, kuti kupsya mtima kwa akavalo aku Turkmen kuli koyipa komanso kopanda tanthauzo, kwenikweni vutoli limakokomeza kwambiri. Makamaka ngati mumasankha moyenera mahatchi a Akhal-Teke ndipo nthawi zambiri muziwachita mokoma mtima.

Pamenepa, mwayi wakusinthidwa kwamahatchi a Akhal-Teke nthawi zambiri umatha. Kukula mahatchi otchuka awa chifukwa cha nyama ndi mkaka ndi mwano weniweni. Osati kokha chifukwa ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wa akavalo, komanso chifukwa pali mitundu ina yopanga zipatso yomwe anthu a Akhal-Teke ndi otsika kwambiri pankhaniyi.

Koma ngati tisiyira malonda komanso kuwona mahatchi kukhala nyama zapafupipafupi, ndiye kuti akavalo a Akhal-Teke ndi abwino pankhaniyi. Mahatchi amtunduwu amakonda kwambiri amwini awo ndipo amalipira kumvera chifukwa cha malingaliro awo abwino. Kodi mukufuna kuti mahatchi awiri azikwera pamahatchi kumapeto kwa sabata? Anthu okhala ku Akhal-Teke ndi angwiro pazolinga izi. Kapena, mwachitsanzo, patsa mkazi wako kavalo wowoneka bwino wa Akhal-Teke - iyi ndi mphatso yapamwamba komanso yosavomerezeka yomwe angayamikire.

Akhal-Teke akavalo

Mukamapanga khola, muyenera kutsatira malamulo omwe ali ofanana kwa mahatchi onse opindika bwino, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizophatikizanso kwa mahatchi a Akhal-Teke.

Ndikwabwino kuyika khola kunja kwa mzindawo, kapena, m'malo ovuta kwambiri, kunja kwa malo, kutali ndi malo akulu ndi nyumba zokhala anthu ambiri. Zifukwa zake ndizachidziwikire ndipo sizifuna kufotokozedwa.

Khola lokha liyenera kukhala loyera, lopepuka komanso lotentheka moyenerera. Ngakhale mahatchi a Akhal-Teke amatha kulolera chisanu mpaka madigiri 30, musaiwale za komwe gulu la Akhal-Teke limapanga. Nyama izi zimachokera kudera lomwe kuli nyengo yotentha ya chipululu, chifukwa chake kukhalapo kwa mahatchi kuzizira sikungachititse chilichonse chabwino. Kuphatikiza pa chakudya ndi madzi, akavalo amafuna malo osachepera 4 mainchesi. mita.

Pokonza mahatchi abwinobwino, mudzafunanso nyumba zina zaulimi:

• hay barn
• nkhokwe yazodyetsa zina,
• yosungirako yosungirako, zida, etc.,
• malo oyenda.

Pokhapokha mutakonzekera nokha kukonzekera kukonzekera mahatchi, muyenera kufunsanso antchito ena. Chisamaliro makamaka chiyenera kulipidwa pazinthu za ganyu yophunzitsa Chowona Zanyama ndi wophunzitsa, popeza thanzi lahatchi ndi kuthekera kwake kuchita ntchito zake zimadalira akatswiri awa.