Nsomba za mwezi mu Latin amatchedwa Mola mola, koma Chingerezi "Ocean Sunfish" - Iyi ndi nsomba yomwe imawoneka ngati mwezi, yomwe adaipatsa dzina. Amawoneka ngati ali ndi mutu umodzi mmalo mwa thupi, koma siwophweka.

Ingoganizirani kuti nyama yolemera makilogalamu 1000 imakhala ndi ubongo wofanana ndi mtedza, wolemera magalamu anayi okha!

Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake nsomba ili chete, yopanda bata ... komanso yopusa.

Kodi nsomba zam'mwezi zimawoneka bwanji?

Thupi limakhala lotalikirapo, lopindika pambuyo pake, litakutidwa ndi khungu lakuda kwambiri. Palibe chingwe. High fin dorsal ndi anal. Pakamwa kakang'ono. Akuluakulu, palibe chikhodzodzo.

Nsomba za mwezi

Choyimira chachikulu kwambiri chimalemera matani awiri ndipo chachitali mamita atatu!

Nsomba zam'madzi nazonso ndi nsomba zachonde kwambiri padziko lapansi. Wamkazi wamba wamtunduwu amaikira mazira pafupifupi 300 miliyoni!

Malinga ndi National Geographic, nsomba zokhazokha ndi izi zomwe zimakula kuchokera pa kubadwa mpaka kukalamba kwambiri kotero kuti kuchuluka kwake kumachulukanso nthawi 60 miliyoni! Palibe chodabwitsa kuti imaphatikizidwa ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri TOP 10 padziko lapansi.

Kufotokozera kwa Moonfish

Nsomba za Luna, iye ndiboola, ali ndi dzina lapakati pachifukwa. Imawonetsa dzina lake lasayansi pa mtundu wa Mose ndi mitundu ya Mose. Kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini, liwuli limatanthawuza "mphero" - chinthu chachikulu chozungulira cha mtundu wa imvi. Dzinali limadziwika bwino ndi anthu okhala m'madzi.

Mtundu wa Chingerezi wotchedwa nsomba izi umamveka ngati Ocean sunfish. Adalandira ndikuthokoza chifukwa cha chikondi chake pakusambira, atagona kumbali yake pafupi ndi madzi. Momwemonso nsomba, zimatuluka kuti ziziyenda padzuwa. Komabe, nyamayo imakwaniritsa zolinga zina, imakumananso ndi "adotolo" - zigolowe, zomwe ndi mulomo wawo, monga ma pulosha, zimachotsa mosavuta majeremusi ambiri pansi pa khungu la nsomba.

Ochokera ku Europe amutcha kuti nsomba ya mwezi, dzina lachijeremani adalitcha kuti mutu woyandama.

Ngakhale zili choncho, phula maul ndi amodzi mwa oimira nsomba zamakono. Kulemera kwake, pafupifupi, kuli kofanana ndi toni imodzi, koma nthawi zina kumatha kufikira awiri.

Nsombazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe achilendo a thupi. Thupi lozungulira, lodziwikika kuchokera kumbali, limakongoletsedwa ndi ziphuphu ziwiri zazikulu ndi ziphuphu. Mchira wake umakhala ngati zomanga zotchedwa chimanga.

Ma sunfish alibe mamba, thupi lake limakutidwa ndi khungu loyipa komanso lolimba, lomwe mwadzidzidzi limatha kusintha mtundu wake. Kakavulu wamba samutenga. Khungu limakhala lotanuka, yokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza. Kutengera ndi malo omwe mashopu amakhala, malo ogulitsira ali ndi mtundu wina. Mng'aluwo umayambira ku bulauni, bulauni mpaka mtundu wonyezimira.

Komanso, mosiyana ndi nsomba zina, nsomba yam'mwezi imakhala ndi ma vertebrae ochepa, ilibe mafupa okwanira mafupa. Nsomba zilibe nthiti, pelvis, kapena chikhodzodzo.

Ngakhale ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola oterewa, mwezi uli ndi kamwa yaying'ono kwambiri, yofanana ndi mlomo wa phula powonekera. Lingaliro lotere limapangidwa ndi mano omwe amaphatikizana.

Kodi mwezi umakhala kuti?

Nsomba zam'madzi zimakhala osungulumwa, zimasambira momasuka munyanja zazikulu. Nthawi zina, komabe, amasonkhana m'magulu ndikusambira m'mbali mwa madzi, zikuwoneka kuti dzuwa limalowa (chifukwa chake dzina la Chingerezi - Sunfish)

Nthawi zina zimphona izi zimagwera mwamwayi asodzi ndipo asodzi amakakamizidwa kuti azinyamula m'njira.

Ngakhale mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino, nthumwi za mtunduwu zimadyera pa plankton. Komanso samanyansidwa ndi jellyfish, mphutsi za vuto ndi eel, ndipo samaphonya maolloll. Nsomba zamwezi zimatha kupezeka m'madzi onse otentha, ndipo, ngakhale ndizochulukirapo, sizivulaza anthu konse, ndipo malo omwe amapezekapo nthawi zambiri amakhala malo opitako kukayenda kwakukulu.

Nsomba za mwezi

Mbali inayi, nsomba yayikulu imabweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu ku sitima zazing'ono - kugundana ndi yacht yaying'ono yomwe ikupita pa liwiro lalikulu kumatha kutha koyipa kwa asodzi ndi oyendetsa sitimayo.

Maonekedwe, miyeso

Mola Mola ndiye wamkulu komanso wotchuka kwambiri kuzilumba zonse m'madzi ofunda ndi ofunda. Ramsayi mola, nsomba yaku South solar, imasambira pansi pa equator m'madzi a Australia, New Zealand, Chile ndi South Africa.

Gawo lobwera pakati pamadzi limakhala lalitali pafupifupi mamilimita awiri ndi awiri kutalika kwake. Pankhaniyi, mayeso okwanira akukhudzana ndi malire a 4 ndi 3 metres, motsatana. Msodzi wolemera kwambiri wa nsomba adagwidwa mu 1996. Wamkazi anali wolemera kilogalamu 2,300. Pakuyerekeza, uku ndi kukula kwa ndulu yoyera.

Nsomba izi, ngakhale zili zachitetezo mwamphamvu kwa anthu, ndizokwanira kwambiri kuti zikakumana ndi mabwato pamakhala vuto la bwatilo komanso lokha. Makamaka ngati mayendedwe amadzi amayenda mothamanga kwambiri.

Mu 1998, galimoto ya simenti ya MV Goliath yolowera ku Sydney Harbor inakumana ndi 1,400 kilogalamu mwezi. Misonkhanoyi nthawi yomweyo idachepetsa kuthamanga kwake kuchoka pa mfundo 14 mpaka 10, komanso kunatchinjiriza gawo la sitimayo utoto mpaka zitsulo zokha.

Thupi la nsomba yaying'onoyo limakutidwa ndi mafupa, omwe pang'onopang'ono amasowa pomwe nyamayo imakula ndikukula.

Moyo, machitidwe

Ndiye, kodi nyama imayenda bwanji ndikusunthira mumtsinje wamadzi, wofanana ndi msuzi wouluka pansi pamadzi? Molo amasuntha mozungulira, pogwiritsira ntchito mapindikidwe ake ndi zipsepse ngati mapiko awiri, komanso mchira ngati chiwongolero. Izi sizothandiza kwenikweni, komabe, zimagwira ntchito. Nsombayo ndi yosalala komanso yosasenda.

Poyamba, asayansi anali ndi chidaliro kuti maul a maul amathera nthawi yake yonse akusambira pansi pano. Komabe, kamera ndi accelerometer, yovalidwa pamayimira ena amtunduwu, adawonetsa kuti amafunikira okha kuti asungidwe ndi majeremusi kuchokera ku majeremusi ndi kuwonjezereka. Ndipo nthawi yonse yomwe nyamayi imakhala nthawi yayitali kupeza chakudya chakuya pafupifupi mamitala 200, chifukwa gwero lalikulu la chakudya chake ndi jellyfish ndi siphonophores - mitundu ya zolengedwa zamkati zopanda colate. Kuphatikiza pa iwo ndi zooplankton, gwero lalikulu la chakudya limatha kukhala squid, crustaceans ang'ono, mphutsi zam'madzi zam'madzi, chifukwa jellyfish ndi chinthu chochuluka, koma osati chopatsa thanzi.

Tiyeni tibwererenso ku majeremusi, chifukwa kulimbana nawo kumatenga gawo lalikulu la moyo wa nsomba. Vomerezani, mwina sikophweka kuyeretsa thupi, lomwe limafanana ndi mbale yayikulu. Ndipo kuyerekezera ndi mbale ndizopambana kwambiri, chifukwa zimagwira pakhungu ndi khungu la maul pier zimagwira ngati malo odyetserapo gulu la tiziromboti tating'ono. Zotsatira zake, nsomba zamtundu wa tsiku zimakhala ndi mavuto ochepa paukhondo. Asayansi alemba mitundu yoposa 50 ya majeremusi padziko, komanso mkati mwa thupi lake. Kuti mumvetsetse pang'ono momwe zimakhalira zosasangalatsa kwa iye, mutha kupereka zitsanzo. Сopepod Penella amabisa mutu wake mkati mwa thupi la piyoyo ndikutulutsa mazira ambiri mumtondo wokhala ndi zida.

Kuyenda pamtunda kumathandizira kuthana ndi ntchito ya nsomba zoyandama. Amadzuka pafupi kwambiri ndikudikirira nkhandwe, ma albatross ndi mbalame zina zam'nyanja zomwe zimachotsa mwaluso ndikudya anthu osafunikira. Ndiwofunikanso kuwiritsa dzuwa kuti liwukitse kutentha kwa thupi, lomwe latsika ndikutalikirana kwambiri.

Kodi nsomba zamwezi zitalitali bwanji?

Palibe amene akudziwa mpaka pano kuti maul a maul amakhala kuthengo. Koma kuyerekezera koyambirira, poganizira kuchuluka kwa kukula ndi chitukuko, komanso momwe nsomba zimakhalira, akuwonetsa kuti apulumuka mpaka zaka 20. Nthawi yomweyo, pali umboni wosatsimikizira kuti akazi amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 105, ndipo amuna mpaka 85. Kodi ndi chidziwitso chiti chobisa chowonadi - Kalanga, sichinafotokozedwe.

Habitat, malo okhala

Monga gawo la buku lake la Ph.D., wasayansi ya ku New Zealand, Marianne Nyegor adakonzanso DNA yoposa 150 nsomba zam'madzi. Nsomba zimapezeka m'madzi ozizira, akum'mwera kuchokera ku New Zealand, Tasmania, South Australia, South South Africa mpaka Southern Chile. Uwu ndi mtundu wina wam'madzi womwe umakhala moyo wake wonse munyanja, ndipo ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe.

Maonedwe aposachedwa ndikuti nsomba zam'madzi zimakhala m'madzi otentha usiku, pamtunda wa 12 mpaka 50, koma palinso kutsika kwakanthawi kotsika ndi gawo ili masana, nthawi zambiri mpaka akuya pafupifupi 40-150 metres.

Nsomba zam'madzi zamchere zikugawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kudziwika m'madzi otentha, am'madzi otentha padziko lapansi.

Zakudya za nsomba za mwezi

Amakhulupirira kuti nsomba zam'madzi zimadya makamaka jellyfish. Komabe, zakudya zake zimaphatikizaponso njira zina zosiyanasiyana zodyera, kuphatikiza nyama zam'madzi, nkhanu, squid, tinsomba tating'ono, ndi mphutsi zam'nyanja. Kupeza zakudya zamtunduwu, kusambira kwakanthawi kochepa kumamuthandiza. Atakhala kwakanthawi kanyanja kakang'ono kozama, nsomba ija imabwezeretsa mpweya wabwino potentha mbali zonse pansi pa madzi.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Kubala kwachilengedwe ndi momwe nsomba zimakhalira mwezi sizimamveka bwino. Koma ndizodziwika bwino kuti ndi nsomba zochuluka kwambiri (ndi ma vertebrates) padziko lapansi.

Atafika pa kutha, nkhono zazikazi zimatha kubereka mazira oposa mamiliyoni 300. Komabe, nsomba zomwe zimaswa kumtengo zimabadwa kukula kwa phini. Mall yatsopano imafanana ndi mutu waching'ono womwe umayikidwa mkongolero ya Khrisimasi. Zoteteza ana zimafanana ndi nyenyezi yowoneka bwino kapena chipale chofewa.

Komwe nsomba za mwezi zimameza mazira sizikudziwika, ngakhale kuti malo asanu atha kudziwika koma kumpoto ndi South Atlantic, Kumpoto ndi South Pacific, komanso ku Indian Ocean, komwe kuli mafunde ozungulira, otchedwa ozungulira, komwe amakhala.

Mwezi wosanjidwa ndi masentimita 0,25 okha. Asanakwanitse kutha msinkhu, ayenera kukula zochulukirapo ka 60 miliyoni.

Koma mawonekedwe sikuti ndi okhawo omwe angadabwe ndi malo ogulitsa. Amalumikizana ndi nsomba zonyansa, chifukwa ndi wachibale wake wapamtima.

Adani achilengedwe

Choopseza chachikulu ku nsomba zam'madzi ndikuwedza nsomba. Kugawana kwakukulu kumachitika ku Pacific, Atlantic Ocean ndi Ocean Ocean. Ngakhale ilibe mtengo wamalonda motero, chifukwa nyama imatha kupatsirana ndi majeremusi owopsa, gawo lomwe agwidwa m'maderawa limatha kukhala pafupifupi 90% ya nsomba zonse. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba mwangozi amabwera pa ukonde.

Mtengo wosodza

Nsomba zamwezi zokha sizimakhala ndi malonda ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwera mu ukonde wa asodzi ngati mwangozi. Nyama yake imawerengedwa kuti siyingakhale yotetezeka pakudya kwamunthu, chifukwa imatha kupatsirana ndi mitundu yambiri ya majeremusi.

Komabe, izi sizileka kupanga icho kukhala chosangalatsa menyu m'maiko ena aku Asia. Ku Japan ndi Thailand, ngakhale cartilage ndi khungu la nsomba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Komanso m'maiko awa, mnofu wamasitolo umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe. Nthawi yomweyo, ndizosatheka kugula izo mu sitolo, koma ingoyesani mu malo odyera okwera mtengo.

Ku Europe, malonda amitundu yamtunduwu ndi oletsedwa, chifukwa, kuwonjezera pa kachilombo ka parasitic, nsomba za dzuwa, monga m'bale wake wapamtima, wopukutira, zimatha kudziunjikira zinthu zowopsa mthupi. Ku America, palibe chiletso choterocho, koma chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwa nyama ndi zinyalala zambiri, sizitchuka.

Nyama imakhala ndi fungo loipa la ayodini, pomwe lili ndi mapuloteni komanso zinthu zina zopindulitsa. Ngati, mwachidziwikire, timaganizira zakuti chiwindi ndi nseru za nsomba zimatha kubisala poizoni wakupha, koma osaphula kanthu omwe amalowa mu chakudya.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Pakadali pano, palibe njira zenizeni zotetezera kuchuluka kwa nsomba mwezi, ngakhale IUCN imawona maul ngati mtundu wosatetezeka, ndipo popanda chifukwa. Izi nthawi zambiri nsomba zimasodzedwa chifukwa chosodziletsa ndi mwala woyipa zikagwera mwangozi mu msodzi wa asodzi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imayandama pansi. Mwinanso, chifukwa cha kukula kakang'ono kotere muubongo, nyamayi imachedwa kwambiri komanso osakwiya, chifukwa chomwe imadwala nthawi zambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, asayansi akuyerekeza kuti asodzi a nsomba ku South Africa amagwira nsomba pafupifupi 340,000 pachaka. Ndipo m'mafishi aku California, ofufuza adapeza kuti nsomba za m'nyanja yamchere zimafika 29% ya zomwe zikupezeka, zomwe zikuchuluka kwambiri kuposa komwe zimapita.

Nthawi yomweyo, ku Japan ndi Taiwan, kugwidwa kwawo kumawonetsedwa. Asodzi a zamalonda adasankha izi ngati chandamale cha zakudya zapamwamba.

Kutengera ndi izi, kuchepa kwa anthu mpaka 80% kuwerengeka m'malo ena. IUCN ikukayikira kuti kuchuluka kwa nsomba zam'madzi padziko lonse lapansi kukuwopseza ndikuchepa kwa 30% pazaka zitatu zotsatira (zaka 24 mpaka 30). Zambiri zomwe sizikudziwika ndizambiri za tecata Mola ndi Mola ramsayi, omwe sanayikidwe ndi IUCN, koma ndizomveka kuganiza kuti nawonso akuvutika chifukwa chambiri.

Malo okhala ndi malo okhala

Nsomba zam'madzi zimapezeka m'madzi otentha komanso ozizira a nyanja zonse. Kummawa kwa Pacific Ocean, nsomba izi zimagawidwa kuchokera ku Canada (Briteni) kumwera kwa Peru ndi Chile, m'chigawo cha Indo-Pacific - kudutsa Nyanja Yonse ku India, kuphatikiza Nyanja Yofiira, komanso kuchokera ku Russia ndi Japan kupita ku Australia, New Zealand ndi Hawaii. Kummawa kwa Atlantic, amapezeka kuchokera ku Scandinavia kupita ku South Africa, nthawi zina amapita kunyanja za Baltic, North ndi Mediterranean. Kumpoto kwa Atlantic Ocean, nsomba zaamwezi zimapezeka kuchokera pagombe la Newfoundland kupita kumwera kwa Argentina, kuphatikiza Gulf of Mexico ndi Pacific. Kusiyana kwa ma genetic pakati pa anthu okhala kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa Hemispheres ndi kocheperako.

M'nthawi ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe, kuchuluka kwa nsomba zodziwika bwino kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Atlantic akuti ndi anthu 18,000. M'madzi amphepete mwa nyanja, mumapezeka nsomba zazing'ono mpaka 1m.M'madzi aku Ireland ndi Celtic, anthu 68 amtunduwu adalembedwa mu 2003-2005; kuchuluka kwa anthu anali 0.98 pa kilomita 100 iliyonse.

Izi nsomba za pelagic zimapezeka pakuya kwa 844 m. Nthawi zambiri, akuluakulu amakhala mu epipelagial ndi mesoperagial akuya kopitilira 200 m. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, nthawi yoposa 30% ya nthawi yodziwika bwino yokonza mwezi imagwiritsa ntchito pansi pakuya kwa 10 m ndi kupitirira 80% m'mizere yamadzi pakuya kwa 200 m.

Mwambiri, nsomba izi zimagwidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri kuposa 10 ° C. Kukhazikika kwakanthawi pa kutentha kwa 12 ° C kapena kutsika kumatha kuwapangitsa kuti asamaganize bwino komanso kufa mwadzidzidzi. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zam'mwezi zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi, zimkadziwika kuti nsomba iyi imasambira mbali yake, koma pali mtundu wina wosonyeza kuti odwala amadwala. Ndikothekanso kuti motere nsomba zimawotha thupi lisanamizidwe m'madzi ozizira.

Kukula kwa thupi ndi kulemera

Nsomba zodziwika bwino za mwezi umodzi, pafupifupi, zimatalika pafupifupi 1.8 m, ndipo mtunda wautali pakati pa nsonga za zipsepse umakhala pafupifupi mamitala 2,5. Zitsanzo zazikuluzikulu zimakumana: kutalika kwakukulu kojambulidwa ndi 3.3 m, ndipo kutalika, poganizira zipsepse, ndi 4.2 m.

Ngakhale makolo akale a nsomba zam'madzi anali nsomba zamfupa, mafupa awo amakhala ndi cartilage yambiri, yomwe imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafupawo ndikuwathandiza kuti akwaniritse kukula kosangalatsa kotere.

Kubalana ndi Moyo Wazungulira

Nsomba za Luna ndizodziwika kwambiri kuposa izi: mkazi m'modzi amatha kutulutsa mazira 300 miliyoni, koma kuchuluka kwake ndikochepa. M'mimba mwake mumakhala mazira pafupifupi 1 mm, mphutsi zosakanizidwa ndi mwezi zimakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi 2 mm ndi kulemera kochepera 0,01 g.Pakutukuka kwamunthu, monga nthumwi zina za banja lawo, nsomba wamba mwezi zimakumana ndi zovuta za metamorphosis. Mphutsi zosachedwa kumene zimawoneka ngati nsomba za puffer. Pofika kutalika kwa 6-8 mm, gawo la ntchito yolimbitsa thupi limayamba - mafupa ambiri otambasuka okhala ndi ma protonion akulu amakono amawonekera, omwe amakankhidwira m'miyeso yaying'ono ndi ma protonular protrusion, ndikupanga ma spikes atali, kenako nkuwonongeka kwathunthu. Pakadali pano, pali ndalama ina yamphamvu yopanda, yomwe imapezeka m'mimba mwa anthu akuluakulu. Kukula kwakomwe kotheka kwa nsomba zomwe ndi mwezi wachikulire kumakula kwambiri mwina 60 miliyoni kuposa kukula kwa kubadwa - kuchuluka kwambiri pakati pa vertebrates.

Ali mu ukapolo, nsomba zam'madzi wamba zimakhala zaka 10, koma moyo wawo wokhala mu vivo sunakhazikitsidwe. Makamaka amuna ndi akazi, amatha kukhala ndi zaka 16 ndi 23, motsatana. Mukapolo, kuchuluka kwa kulemera kumachokera ku 0,02-0.49 makilogalamu patsiku, komanso kukwera kwakotalikira masentimita 0 pa tsiku. Kuchuluka kwa wachinyamata yemwe amakhala ku Monterey Bay Aquarium m'miyezi 15 kudakwera kuchoka pa 26 kg kufika pa 399, pomwe nsombayo idafika kutalika kwa 1.8 m. Kukula kwakakulu komanso khungu lakuda kumapangitsa kuti nsomba zazimuna zokhala mwezi zizikulirakudya zazing'ono zomwe zimadya, komabe, mwachangu zimatha kukhala nsomba za tuna ndi coryfen Nsomba zazikulu zimagwidwa ndi mikango yam'nyanja, anamgumi wopha ndi shaki. Ku Gulf of Monterey, pakhala pali nthawi zina pamene mikango yam'nyanja imalola zipsepse za nsomba yamwezi ndikuwakankhira pamadzi. Mwinanso, mothandizidwa ndi izi, zolengedwa zoyamwitsa zimatha kuluma pakati pa khungu lakuda la nsomba. Nthawi zina, kuponyera nsomba pamwezi kangapo, mikango yam'nyanja imasiya nyama, ndipo nyanjayo imagwera pansi pomwe nsomba zam'madzi zimadya.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Ngakhale "mulomo" wolimba, maziko a chakudya cha anthu wamba-nsomba ndi chakudya chofewa, ngakhale nthawi zina amadya nsomba zazing'ono ndi crustaceans. Maziko a chakudya chamagulu am'madzi ndi plankton, komanso ma salps, ctenophores ndi jellyfish. Kuphatikiza apo, mphutsi za ma eel, masiponji, nyenyezi, squid, crustaceans, algae ndi nsomba zazing'ono zimapezeka m'migawo yawo, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti zimadyetsa onse pansi komanso mwakuya. Zakudya za nsomba zam'madzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda chakudya, motero zimayenera kuyamwa kwambiri.

Nsomba za mwezi zimakonda kukhala ndi tiziromboti zakunja ndi zamkati (mpaka mitundu 40). Accacoelium contortum ru en . M'madzi ofunda, amathandizidwa kuchotsa ma parasimu ndi oyeretsa nsomba omwe amakhala m'malo okhala tchire. M'malo otentha a nsomba, chifukwa chomwecho, amayendera malo omwe amapezeka ochapira nyama en en en. Pofuna kukopa chidwi cha mbalame za m'madzi, monga nkhono, zomwe zimatha kuwapulumutsanso ku majeremusi, nsomba zam'madzi zimatulutsa timadzi kapena mulomo m'madzi.

Khalidwe

Nsomba zodziwika mwezi, monga lamulo, zimangokhala pawokha, koma nthawi zina zimapezeka pawiri, ndipo m'malo osonkhanitsira ochapira nyama atha kusankhana pagulu.

Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuona nsomba zam'madzi zikagona pambali pake pamadzi. Nthawi ndi nthawi, zipsepse zake zimawonekera pansi - nthawi zina zimakhala zolakwika chifukwa cha zipsepse zamkati za shark. Amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha kuyenda kwa zipsepse. Shaki, monga nsomba zambiri, amasambira, akugwedeza mchira mbali mbali mbali. Poterepa, ndalama zoyendetsedwa pompo sizikhala zokhazikika. Nsomba zamwezi zimasuntha zipsepse ndi zipsepse ngati ma oars. Mphutsi ndi mwachangu amtunduwu zimasambira ngati nsomba wamba.

Poyamba anthu ankakhulupirira kuti nsomba zam'madzi zimatha kusambira movutikira, sizitha kuthana ndi mphamvu yamphamvu, chifukwa chake zimadziwika ndi macroplankton yamadzi. Komabe, zowunikira zikuwonetsa kuti nsomba zam'mwezi zimatha kusambira 26 km tsiku lililonse, ndipo liwiro lalikulu limafikira 3.28 km / h.

Kuyanjana kwa anthu

Ngakhale ndi zazikulu, nsomba wamba sizikupha anthu ngozi. Nthawi zina nsomba zimadumphira m'madzi zikagwera m'mabwato ndikugwetsa anthu pansi. Malo awo amakopa zosiyanasiyana, amazolowera kukhalapo kwa anthu. Kusinthana ndi moonfish ndizofala kumadera ena. Kugundana kumeneku kumatha kuwononga chiwopsezo, ndipo nthawi zina matupi a nsomba'zi amakhazikika m'matumbo a ziwiya zazikulu (zomwe zimachititsanso ngozi).

Izi nsomba zimakhala ndi nyama yabwinobwino yolakwika. Komabe, ku Taiwan ndi Japan, imawerengedwa ngati chakudya chamtengo wapatali, ndipo kumadera ena akumadzulo kwa Pacific Ocean komanso kumwera kwa Atlantic ndiwodziwika bwino posodza kwawo. Magawo onse a nsomba amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, kuphatikiza zipsepse ndi ziwalo zamkati. Kuphatikiza apo, amafunikira mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China. Chifukwa chazakumwa zoledzeretsa, kugulitsa nsomba zamwezi ndizoletsedwa ku Europe. Ku Russia pansi pa dzina la malonda "nsomba zam'mwezi" amagulitsa nsomba za azimayi (Selene osanza) .

Pafupifupi 30% ya maukonde oyala, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophera nsomba ku nkhono za California, ndi nsomba za mwezi. Mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean, mtundu wa ogwidwawo ndi waukulu kwambiri ndipo umafika pa 71-90%. M'malo ena, asodzi amadula zinsomba za nsomba izi, powaganizira kuti ndi akuba osagwira. Matumba apulasitiki oyandama pamadziwo amafanana ndi jellyfish, chakudya chachikulu cha nsomba zam'mwezi. Atameza zinyalala, nsomba zimatha kufa ndi kukhuta kapena kufa ndi njala, chifukwa pulasitiki imabowola m'mimba mwawo.

Zambiri mwa mitundu ya nsomba zam'madzi wamba sizikudziwika bwinobwino, kuchuluka kwake kumayang'aniridwa kuchokera kumlengalenga, amaphunzira kusamuka ndikulemba zilembo, ndipo maphunziro amtundu wa minofu amachitika. Nthawi zina, nsomba zamwezi zimapezeka pagombe.

Nthawi zina nsomba zam'mwezi zimasungidwa m'malo okhala anthu ambiri. Ndiosavuta kudyetsa, chifukwa amayamwa mu chakudya chochepa chilichonse chomwe chimabwera pakamwa pawo. Koma nthawi zambiri amafa, ndikuphwanya makhoma a malo osungirako, chifukwa chake ma aquariamu ambiri amafunikira kuti awasunge, kulola kuti nsomba zisambire mozungulira. Izi nsomba zimasungidwa mu Lisbon Oceanarium, mu Valencia Oceanographic Park, ku Danish North Sea Aquarium ru en , ndipo ili mu Kayyukan Aquarium ru en Nsomba zam'madzi zimakopa chidwi cha alendo monganso shaki ya chinsomba.

Ku Aquarium ya Monterey Bay, adapanga njira zawo zogwirira, kudyetsa ndikusamalira majeremusi amtunduwu. Mu 1998, munthu m'modzi amakhala kuno nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi ndipo adamasulidwa kuthengo, ndikuchulukitsa nthawi 14. Izi nsomba zimawonetsedwa nthawi zonse mukusonkhanitsa kwamadzi. Mu 2008, nsomba yayikulu ya mwezi inadwalitsidwa itadwala kwanthawi yayitali.

Nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zinagwidwa pa Sakhalin

Nsomba yokhala ndi kulemera kwa ma kilogalamu 1,100 idatulutsidwa ndi maukonde ndi msodzi wa nsomba wochokera ku Sakhalin wotchedwa Kuril Fisherman. Asodzi aku Russia adagwira ntchito pafupi ndi chilumba cha Iturup, cholinga chawo chachikulu chinali nsomba za pinki, ndipo nsomba zam'madzi zidachitika mwamwayi.

Chithunzi: Sakhalin.info

Komabe, adabweretsa kawirikawiri pamunsi. Popeza kunalibe malo ake ozizira, nthawi yosinthana ndikutsamira kumtunda, nsomba zidasowa. Anapita naye pamalo otayidwa a kampani ya Hydrostroy, komwe antchito amadyetsa komanso kujambula zithunzi. Makilogalamu masauzande a nyama yamtembo mwachangu sanasiye chilichonse.

Msodzi Waukulu Kwambiri Mwezi

Guinness Book of Record ili ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri mwezi, yomwe idagwidwa mu 1908, m'njira, komanso mu Seputembala. Kulemera kwake kunaposa matani 2.2, ndipo kutalika kwake kunaposa mamita awiri. Ku Japan, Korea ndi Taiwan, nyama yam'madzi ya mwezi imadziwika kuti ndi yamtengo wapatali, koma ku mayiko a EU kugulitsa kwake nkoletsedwa, chifukwa majeremusi nthawi zambiri amapezeka munyama ya nsomba.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Habitat

Nsomba zam'madzi zimakhala m'madzi am'nyanja zonse zam'malo otentha komanso am'malo otentha, pomwe nsomba zowala zimasamukira kumadzi otentha. Chifukwa chake, kum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Pacific, nsomba izi zimakhala kuchokera ku Canada kupita kum'mwera kwa Peru ndi Chile .. Mu Indian Ocean, nsomba zimapezeka kulikonse, mpaka ku Nyanja Yofiila. Ku Nyanja ya Atlantic, amakhala kuchokera ku Scandinavia Peninsula kupita ku South Africa. Amakumananso pafupi ndi zilumba za Kuril komanso Nyanja ya Japan.

Mutha kukumana ndi nsomba zodabwitsazi mozama kwambiri mpaka mita 850. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa asayansi, pafupifupi 80% ya nthawi, nsomba izi ndizakuya pafupifupi 200, ndipo nthawi yonseyo, zimakwera mpaka mamita 10.

Moonfish pagulu la osiyanasiyana.
Nsomba za mwezi mumtsinje wamadzi.
Nsomba za mwezi mumtsinje wamadzi.