Mikango imakhala nyama zosiyanasiyana. Mutha kudziwa zithunzi za abuluzi osiyanasiyana komanso mafotokozedwe a moyo wawo powerenga nkhaniyi.
Mpaka pano, asayansi apeza kuti abuluzi ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri pakati pa gulu la Reptile (Reptile). Nthawi zambiri timatcha abuluzi omwe sapezeka konse. Tizolowera kunena kuti abuluzi onse ndi oyimira zotulutsa omwe amathamanga miyendo inayi ndipo amakhala ndi mchira wautali. Koma mudzadabwitsidwa kudziwa kuti asayansi amatchula abuluzi, makamaka oimira banja la Real mimbulu, ndi ena onse monga iwo: agamas, skinks, tracknya abuluzi, iguanas ndi geckos - gulu losiyana kotheratu.
Tiyeni tiwone bwino abuluzi enieni. Izi zokwawa ndi zazing'onoting'ono, ngakhale mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri imapezeka pakati pawo. Kwenikweni, kutalika kwa buluzi kumafika pamtunda wama 20 mpaka 40. Ndipo buluzi wa ngale yekha ndi womwe umatha kukula mpaka masentimita 80. Koma gulu logawanika m'mabanja a abuluzi enieni, omwe amatchedwa matenda a phazi ndi pakamwa, ali ndi kukula pafupifupi masentimita 10.
Mchira wautali sukusokoneza buluzi konse, umathandiza kuyendetsa pakati pa udzu.
Buluzi weniweni umasiyana ndi mtundu wawo (zotulutsa zina) posuntha zaka zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, njoka sizitha kudzitamandira ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu, chifukwa maimidwe awo amapopera. Buluzi lonse limakhala ndi thupi lalitali komanso mchira wotalikirapo. Chodabwitsa china cha abuluzi ndi kuthekera kwachilengedwe kwa autotomy. Ichi ndi chiyani Ili ndiye dontho lodziwika bwino lomwe lomwe ngakhale ana aang'ono amadziwa! Mwambiri, kulungamitsidwa kwa asayansi kwa mawu oti autotomy kumveka ngati kuthekera "kodzisintha", i.e. kudzivulaza mwadala.
Buluzi wa Viviparous (Lacerta vivipara, kapena Zootoca vivipara).
Ayi, osaganiza, abuluzi amachita miseche yotere osati kuchokera ku moyo wopanda pake komanso kusungulumwa! Kusataya mtima kokha komanso njira yofikira pomwe ikakumana ndi mdani imatha kupangitsa buluzi kuthyoka msana wake ndikugwetsa mchira wake, womwe, panjira, umasuntha kwakanthawi, ngati kuti ndi wamoyo, ukusokoneza wolusa ndikusochera. Pakadali pano, buluzi pawokha, pafupifupi yonse, koma wamoyo, imazimiririka osawonekanso.
Ngale, kapena buluzi wokongoletsedwa (Lacerta lepida).
Mtundu wa abuluzi nthawi zonse umakhala wophatikiza mithunzi ingapo: bulauni, zobiriwira komanso imvi. Koma kutengera ndi malo okhala ndi malo otentha, abuluzi amatha kukhala ndi khungu, mwachitsanzo, achikaso. Ndipo mitundu ina imakhala yokongoletsedwa ndi mithunzi yowala kwambiri: ofiira, azure, abuluu.
Kugonana kwamwano m'matumba awa kumafotokozeredwa kwambiri, kotero ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa buluzi wamwamuna ndi buluzi wamkazi ndi diso lamaliseche, ngati simuli katswiri wololera zinyama. Asayansi apeza kuti abuluzi samakhala ndi zingwe zolankhulira motero amakhala chete, koma m'chilengedwe mulibe zosiyana, sichoncho? Chifukwa chake, pali buluzi wa "World" padziko lapansi, wotchedwa Lizard Shtekhlin ndi Simon, malo omwe amakhala ndi zilumba za Canary. Ngozi ikamupeza, amatulutsa china chake ngati kufinya.
Buluzi wachangu, kapena wamba (Lacerta agilis).
Masiku ano, nthumwi za abuluziwa zimakhala ku Europe, Africa ndi Asia pang'ono. Koma simudzakumana nawo ku Madagascar, madera akumwera kwa Asia komanso madera azilumba mu Indian Ocean. Koma, itangobweretsedwa ku maiko a USA, abuluzi mosangalatsa adamera pomwepo ndipo idagawanika. Buluzi weniweni umakonda nkhalango, zitsamba, mapiri, zipululu, malo otsetsereka, minda, magombe amtsinje, ndipo ngakhale mapiri ngati maloboti. Sawopa kutalika komanso malo otsetsereka, chifukwa zokwirazi zimayenda motsimikizika bwino m'mbali zonse zazitali komanso zopingasa.
Ziphuphu zimagwira ntchito kwambiri masana. Zakudya zawo zimapangidwa ndi nyama zopanda nyama, koma nthawi zina buluzi amatha kulowerera pachingwe kapena njoka, ndipo ngakhale osowa kwambiri amadya mazira a mbalame. Koma nthawi zambiri nyama zotsalazo zimadya akangaude, agulugufe, dzombe, nkhono, kavalo, mphutsi, ziwala ndi zina nzika za anthufe.
Shtehlin Lizard (Gallotia stehlini).
Kuberekanso kumaberekana kangapo m'mbuyomu nthawi imodzi, ngakhale mitundu yayikulu kwambiri imabereka kamodzi pachaka. Akazi amagona, kenako ndikuyika m'manda, mazira, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumatha kuchoka pa 2 mpaka 18 (kutengera kukula kwa buluzi). Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 21 mpaka masabata 6 (kutengera kutentha kwa yozungulira). Mitundu ina ya abuluzi ndi viviparous; imabala ana a miyezi itatu. Ziphuphu zimakhala zaka 3 mpaka 5.
Kusaka kwakukulu kwa buluzi ndi: agwe, njoka, asodzi, akambuku, ma shirikizi, malovu, akhwangwala ndi abodza ang'ono.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Lizard: kufotokozera, kapangidwe, mawonekedwe. Kodi bulu amawoneka bwanji?
Nthawi zambiri, abuluzi amaonedwa kuti ndi onse okhala ndi miyendo, koma angapo opanda miyendo nawonso ndi ake. Pali mitundu yambiri ya abuluzi, malingana ndi kuwerengera kwa akatswiri osamalira zachilengedwe padziko lathuli pali mitundu yopitilira 6000 ya abuluzi, ndipo onse, mosiyana, machitidwe awo, mawonekedwe, khungu ndi malo okhala. Mitundu ina ya abuluzi yapadera yomwe ili pafupi kutha, chifukwa cha izi yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
Buluzi weniweni kwambiri amakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10 mpaka 40. Thupi la buluzi limakhala lalitali, lamphamvu, lalitali komanso lili ndi mchira wautali.
Mosiyana ndi abale awo a njoka, abuluzi amakhala ndi matope oyenda ndi magawano. Miyendo ya buluzi ndi yayitali kutalika, imakhala ndi zikhadabo ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwirizana ndi thupi lake yokutidwa ndi mamba a keratinized. Khungu la buluzi limatulutsa pakapita nthawi zingapo pachilichonse; m'zilankhulo zina zadziko, zodabwitsa izi zapamwamba kuti zisinthe khungu lawo zidawapatsanso dzina. Makamaka, mchilankhulo chathu, liwu loti "buluzi" limachokera ku liwu lakale lachi Russia loti "liwiro", lomwe limatanthawuza "khungu", kapena "khungu" ngati ndilolemba.
Lilime la buluzi, kutengera mtunduwo, limakhala ndi mawonekedwe ena ake ndi kukula kwake, momwe limagwirira ntchito, ndipo limatuluka pakamwa. Ndipo abuluzi ena amagwiritsa ntchito lilime lawo kuwedza.
Mano a buluzi nawonso ndi zida zawo, mothandizidwa ndi iwo amagwira ndikusyola chakudya, ndipo kwa abulutsi mano akuthyo amadulira nyama. Pakati pa abuluzi palinso woyimira poizoni yekha, yemwe adatchulidwa dzina lake - dzino lodana ndi ululu, womwe, ndikuluma, umalowetsa poizoni ndi mnzake, potero umupha.
Khungu la buluzi limakhala, kutengera mtundu, limatha kukhala ndi mitundu ndi mitundu.
Mtundu (mtundu) wa buluzi umasinthanso, womwe mitundu yawo yambiri imatha kusintha kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri, nthawi zina kuphatikiza kwenikweni ndi dera lozungulira - kuyerekezera kwamtundu ndi njira imodzi yayikulu yotetezera. Nthawi zambiri, abuluzi amakhala ndi mitundu yotuwa, ya bulauni komanso yobiriwira.
Kodi njoka zimasiyana bwanji ndi abuluzi?
Mitundu ya abuluzi yomwe ilibe miyendo imakhala yofanana ndi njoka. Mwachitsanzo, abuluzi amenewa amaphatikizapo nsomba zamkuwa, zomwe ambiri amatenga njoka, ngakhale ndi buluzi yemwe alibe miyendo. Koma mungamasiyanitse buluzi wopanda mwendo kuchokera ku njoka zenizeni?
- Kusiyana pakati pa njoka ndi abuluzi ndi ma eyel. Ndi njoka, matope amisala ndikuwonekera, pachifukwa ichi njoka sizimveka. M'mabuluzi, m'malo mwake, maimidwe am'maso ndikuyenda mosadukiza m'njira yawo.
- Njoka ilibe ziwalo zomva, koma buluziyo ali nayo; mbali zake zonse ziwiri za mutu wake.
- Kusenda ndi njoka ndi abuluzi kumachitika mosiyanasiyana, njoka zimayesa kukhetsa khungu lawo m'magulu amodzi, asanagwe pansi m'madzi, abuluzi amataya pang'ono, ndikugwetsa khungu.
Momwe mungasiyanitsire ndi newt ku buluzi?
Komanso, nthawi zina abuluzi amasokonezedwa ndi zatsopano, ndipo, ndizachilendo, zimafanana: mawonekedwe ofanana a mawotchi ndi thupi, mutu wonga njoka, mchira wazitali wozungulira, ma eyelidi osunthika ndi zina zambiri. Komabe pali zovuta zingapo pakati pawo:
- Kusiyana kofunikira kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake ka khungu, ngati abuluzi nthawi zonse amakhala osasunthika, ndiye kuti mumtunduwu mumakhala yosalala komanso yolimba kukhudza.
- Ophunzira atsopano sadziwa kuponya mchira wawo, pomwe abuluzi amapita mosavuta panjira imeneyi.
- Ziwombankhanga zimakhala ndi chigaza cholimba komanso chosalala; mu newts, ndi cartilaginous.
- Pamene abuluzi amapuma mothandizidwa ndi mapapu okha, nthomba zimatha kupuma, zonse ndi mapapu ndi makina, komanso mothandizidwa ndi khungu lawo.
- Ngati abuluzi amabala mazira, ndiye kuti zatsopano zimatsogolera ku kubereka kwawo ngati nsomba - m'madzi ndikudutsa.
Mchira wa buluzi. Kodi bulu amagwira bwanji mchira wake?
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodabwitsa komanso zapadera za buluzi, ndichidziwitso chake, kuthekera kwake kuponyera mchira wake munthawi zadzidzidzi, kapena autotonia, monga momwe izi zimatchulidwira sayansi. Kodi zimachitika bwanji? Kuchepa kwa minyewa ya buluzi kumapangitsa kuti chizikhala chopindika ndipo chimataya mchira wake ambiri. Mitsempha yamagazi pankhaniyi ndi yopapatiza, ndipo palibe kutaya magazi munthawi imeneyi. Mchira wotayidwa ukupitilirabe kwakanthawi, womwe umasokoneza mdani, ndipo buluzi limatha kubisala nthawi imeneyi. Popita nthawi, mchira wa buluzi umakulanso, ngakhale pang'ono ndi pang'ono.
Chosangalatsa: zimachitikanso kuti pambuyo pa autotonia, osati imodzi, koma michira iwiri kapena itatu imakula mu buluzi.
Momwe mungasiyanitsire buluzi wamwamuna ndi wamkazi?
Zabuluzi zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimawoneka zofanana, ngakhale pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe munthu amatha kudziwa mtundu wa buluzi.
- Mumtundu wina wa abuluzi, monga basilisks ndi iguanas wobiriwira, anyani amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owala kumbuyo kwawo.
- Spurs pamiyendo ndi chizindikiro china cha "bambo" pakati pa abuluzi.
- Muthanso kudziwa mtundu wa buluzi ndi ma sacs ammero omwe mitundu ina ili nawo.
Pazonse, njira zonse zodziwira kugonana kwa buluzi sizolondola, ndipo ndizotheka kudziwa motsimikiza ngati mwana wamwamuna kapena wamkazi angachite izi pongoyesa magazi a buluzi wa testosterone wopangidwa mu chipatala cha akatswiri chamankhwala.
Kodi ndi abuluzi angati omwe amakhala zachilengedwe komanso kunyumba?
Kutalika kwa buluzi kumadalira kwambiri mitundu yawo, kaŵirikaŵiri, buluzi wafupikisano, wamfupi ndi moyo wake. Chifukwa chake oyimira ang'ono kwambiri muufumu wa abuluzi amakhala pafupifupi pafupifupi zaka 3, pomwe zazikulu kwambiri: iguanas ndi kuwunika abuluzi amakhala zaka 50-70, pafupifupi ngati anthu. Ndipo ali mu ukapolo, amakhala motalikirapo kuposa zoopsa zachilengedwe.
Kodi abuluzi amakhala kuti?
Mphutsi zimakhala padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula, ku Antarctica. Kwakukulu, amakonda nyengo yotentha, amatha kupezeka munkhalango, matanthwe, mapiri, zipululu za dziko lirilonse lapansi. Zimasunthira bwino pamtunda uliwonse, zimagwirira mwamphamvu kwa iwo ndi ma taya awo.
Chosangalatsa: mitundu yamiyala ya abuluzi imangodumphadumpha bwino, kutalika kwa kudumpha kwawo nthawi zina kumatha kufika mpaka 4 mita.
Kodi abuluzi amadya chiyani zachilengedwe?
Ziphuphu ndi nyama zopatsa chidwi, chifukwa, ndizosadya zambiri ndipo zakudya zake zimadalira mtundu ndi kukula kwa buluzi wina. Buluzi zazing'ono zimadya tizilombo zosiyanasiyana: agulugufe, ziwala, dzombe, nkhono, mphutsi zosiyanasiyana. Buluzi wamkulu, mwachitsanzo, buluzi amene amaonerera nyama zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana: achule, njoka, mbewa, osasamala kudya mazira a mbalame. Ndipo abuluzi wamkulu kwambiri - amayang'anira abuluzi ochokera ku Komoda Island ngakhale amagwirira nkhumba, kuthengo ndi agwape.
Nthawi zambiri agalu amapita kukabera nyama yawo, kenako amapanga msasayo mwachangu ndikumupeza ndi zikhadabo ndi mano akuthwa.
Popeza abuluzi ndi omnivores, amathanso kudya zakudya zamasamba - mungu kuchokera kuzomera, zipatso zakupsa, masamba a mitengo. Pali mitundu ya abuluzi yomwe imatsogolera moyo wamasamba, koma abuluzi ambiri amakonda kudya nyama.
Adani a abuluzi zachilengedwe
Koma abuluzi pawokha, m'malo mwachilengedwe, ali ndi adani ambiri, mwa iwo alipo, kuphatikizapo abale awo apamtima, mwachitsanzo, abuluzi omwewo amayimba mosangalala abuluzi ena ang'ono. Amagwidwa ndi mbalame zodyera (kadzidzi, chiwombankhanga, chiwombankhanga), nyama zolusa: nkhandwe, zimbalangondo, mimbulu, martens, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale amphaka. Choopseza chachikulu cha abuluzi ambiri njoka.
Gulu la infa
Izi zikuphatikiza mabanja otsatirawa:
- abuluzi enieni omwe amakhala ku Eurasia, Africa ndi USA,
- abuluzi osakhalitsa ku Cuba ndi Central America,
- gerrosaurs - "okhala" a Sahara ndi Fr. Madagascar
- skink - khalani paliponse, makamaka m'malo otentha,
- Theiids - amakhala ku South ndi Central America,
- michira yodzimanga - khalani kumwera kwa Sahara ndi Madagascar,
- hymnophthalmids - yogawidwa kuchokera kumwera kwa Central America kumwera kwa South America.
Gulu labwera
Izi zimaphatikizapo oyimira wamkulu kwambiri abuluzi - kuwunika abuluzi, omwe amagawidwanso m'mabanja angapo. Ziphuphu zimakhala m'malo ambiri a Africa, Asia, Australia, komanso ku New Guinea komanso kuzilumba zambiri za Oceania.
Komodo buluzi - buluzi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi
Ndipo owopsa kwambiri. Buluzi wa Komodo, wamkulu kwambiri pakati pa abulu onse padziko lapansi, ndiwofunika kutchulidwa mwapadera. Komodo yowunika abuluzi amakhala ku Indonesia pachilumba cha Komodo ndipo amadabwitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kochepa - Buluzi wowunika wa Komodo ndi wautali mamita atatu, wolemera makilogalamu 80-85. Zosadabwitsa kuti abuluzi akuluakuluwa nthawi zina amamenya ng'ombe.
Buluzi wa Komodo ndiwowopsa kwambiri, kuphatikizapo anthu - pakhala zikuwopsezo zingapo za abuluzi awa omwe adathera pomwalira womaliza.
Kuswana kwa mbewe
Nthawi yakukhwima kwa abuluzi imachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Buluzi wamkulu amaberekera kamodzi pachaka, ang'ono kangapo pachaka. Ngati abambo angapo amadzionetsa ngati akazi amodzi, ndiye kuti amakhala wamkulu kwambiri. Ma ululu wamphongo wocheperako samakonda kulimbana ndi mdani wamphamvu. Komabe, ngati kukula kwa olembetsawo kuli kofanana, ndiye kuti pakulimbana pakati pawo, pomwe amunawo amaluma mwamphamvu wina ndi mnzake. Zotsatira zake, mkaziyo amapambana.
Pakapita nthawi, umuna umakhala ndi mazira, abuluzi ang'onoang'ono amayikira mazira anayi nthawi imodzi, pomwe ena akuluakulu amatha kubereka mazira 18 nthawi. Kukula kwa dzira kumasiyana, mwachitsanzo, m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono azala, kukula kwa dzira sikupitirira mamilimita angapo kutalika, pomwe mu mjodo yowunika ya Komodo, dzira ndi 10 cm.
Amphona achikazi amasamala kubisala pansi panthaka kapena kubisala m'malo obisika, m'mapanga, kumakola. Nthawi yotseka mazira abuluzi imatenga milungu itatu, mpaka miyezi 1.5, pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi abuluzi ang'onoang'ono, omwe nthawi yomweyo amakhala moyo wodziimira payekha.
Kodi kudyetsa buluzi kunyumba?
Mitundu ina yambiri ya abuluzi ndi nyama zotchuka kwambiri, pakati pawo ndi kamenoni ku Yemeni, agama yokhala ndi ndevu, iguana weniweni ndi ena. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, abuluzi amabala bwino komanso amakhala omasuka. Koma ngati mungaganize zokhala ndi buluzi wa ziweto, ndiye kuti mudzakhala ndi funso lokhudza zoyenera kudya zodyera zosowa kwambiri.
Mwamwayi, pankhani ya chakudya, buluzi sakhala wowoneka ngati wowoneka bwino, nthawi yotentha imayenera kudyetsedwa katatu patsiku, ndipo nthawi yozizira, chifukwa chazochepa zomwe buluziyo umatha kudyetsedwa kawiri kokha patsiku. Mphutsi, udzu, akangaude, mazira atsopano a nkhuku ndi zidutswa za nyama yaiwisi ndi abwino monga chakudya cha buluzi. Amati abuluzi amakonda kwambiri chisakanizo cha nkhuku yophika yophika, kaloti ndi grated.Ndikofunikanso kuti buluzi mu terrarium nthawi zonse umakhala ndi madzi abwino akumwa.
Zosangalatsa zokhudza abuluzi
- Buluzi wama Basilisk amatha kuyenda pamadzi. Ndipo ichi sichodabwitsa chozizwitsa cha M'baibulo, koma lamulo lachilengedwe, kuyenda kwa madzi kumatheka mwa kusanja miyendo yakumbuyo ya buluzi.
- Mikango, monga nyama zina zambiri, sizisiyanitsa mitundu, koma mosiyana ndi ambiri a iwo omwe amawona dziko lapansi lakuda ndi loyera, abuluzi amayang'ana pagalasi la lalanje mwanjira yeniyeni - amawona dziko lonse lapansi ngati mitundu ya lalanje.
- Mitundu ya ku Colombia imaganiza kuti mazira a abuluzi ena ndi omwe amakonda kwambiri. Amagwira makamaka abuluzi achikazi ndi ma iguanas, ndikudula m'mimba, amatenga mazira, ndikupaka phulusa lamatabwa pachilonda, pambuyo pake mkaziyo amasulidwa, ndipo mazira amapita kukadya.
Kanema wa lizard
Polemba nkhani, ndinayesetsa kuti ikhale yosangalatsa, yothandiza komanso yapamwamba kwambiri momwe ndingathere. Ndingayamikire kwambiri chifukwa cha ndemanga iliyonse komanso kutsutsa kopindulitsa mwa ndemanga pankhaniyi. Mutha kulembanso zomwe mukufuna / funso / lingaliro ku makalata anga [email protected] kapena Facebook, mwaulemu.
Nkhaniyi ikupezeka mu Chingerezi - Lizard.