Nthawi zambiri barguzin imangotchedwa mphepo yotuluka m'chigwa, ndipo mphepo yotalika yayitali pamwamba pa nyanjayo imadziwika Verkhovik kavalo kapena kadzidzi usiku. Kummwera kwa nyanjayi itatha kukhala kuti kuli mphepo yam'mawa. Mwaona Mphepo pa Nyanja ya Baikal.
Mtanthauzira zam mphepo. - Leningrad: Hydrometeoizdat. L.Z. Proh. 1983.
Kufotokozera kwanyama
Barguzinsky sable ndiye gulu laling'ono kwambiri pakati pa mitundu 17 yayitali. Zidawoneka ngati chifukwa chogwirizanitsidwa kuchokera pamtanda pakati pa zoyenera za mitundu ya Altai.
Barguzin amawoneka wokongola. Nyamayo imakhala ndi thupi losayenda bwino, miyendo yayifupi yokhala ndi zingwe zazifupi komanso zamphamvu zamiyendo, chida chopyapyala chaching'ono chokhala ndi makutu akuthwa ndi maso opindika. Koma ndi chilombo cholusa chomwe chimadya timiyala tating'ono, mbalame ndi nsomba.
Barguzin ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi "abale oyenera" kukula:
- kutalika kwa thupi ndi mutu: 39 - 42 cm mwa amuna, 36 - 41 cm mwa akazi,
- kutalika kwam mchira: 12.2 - 15,5 masentimita mwa amuna, 12 - 14.5 cm mwa akazi,
- kulemera kwa thupi: 0,9 - 1,2 kg.
Pankhani ya ubweya wabwino, barguzin ndi yachiwiri kokha pa Vitim sable.
Mbawala imakhala ndi malo owoneka bwino pachifuwa pake, ndipo mutu wake ndi wopepuka kuposa thupi. Matanga ndi akulu - kukula kwa mabataniwo ndi ofanana ndi nkhandwe, ngakhale nyamayi imakhala yotsika kwambiri molingana ndi magawo mpaka magawo ofiira. Chifukwa cha chipilala chambiri komanso ubweya wambiri kumapeto kwake, nyamayo imayenda mosavuta ndi kulowerera matalala, ngati kuti ikuyenda pansi.
Dera
Chofalikira cha Barguzinsky ku Russia chimagawidwa kuiga za Urals ndi Siberian. Amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira ta gombe la kum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Baikal ndi kaphiri ka Barguzinsky.
Oimira amtunduwu amapezekanso ku Japan, pachilumba cha Hokkaido.
Nyama imakhazikika pansi pamizu yamitengo, m'maenje ndi zopangidwa mwachilengedwe. Nyamayo siyikumba mabowo - imangokhazikitsa yomwe ilipo, imakutira ndi msipu ndi udzu wouma.
Barguzin imodzi imakhala ndi malo achitetezo nthawi imodzi - okhazikika komanso osakhalitsa. Nyamayo ndi yoyera ndipo pansi pa "chimbudzi" chimatanthauzira mink yopatula pafupi ndi nyumba yayikulu.
Zakudya Zabwino Komanso Kusaka
Barguzin ndi wadyera, koma osati wokakamizidwa. Pazakudya zake sikuti ndi nyama yokha, komanso zakudya zam'mera.
Nyama imasaka usiku. Nyama zake ndi:
- mbewa
- Chipmunks - chilombo chimadyanso nyamazo, ndikuwonongekeranso ndowe zawo, zipatso, bowa, mbewu kuchokera pamenepo,
- pikas - nyama yokhala ndi makutu akulu ozungulira,
- zolembera - dzina lodziwika bwino la oimira banja la akhwimbi, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kofanana ndi mbewa, koma osakhala amtundu - nyama zimadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, abuluzi, nthawi zina - mbewa,
- ma voles - makoswe, ku Siberia, voleti wofiira wokha ndiwofala,
- agologolo
- mpheta.
Nthawi zina, nyama imadyanso zovalazo, nsomba zodyedwa, kapena nsomba yokha ikamatulutsa.
Barguzin ndiwosaka wochenjera, wolimba mtima wodziwa kununkhiza komanso kumva. Amamva kunyentchera ndi chipale chofewa. Nyama imayenda mosavuta pamayendedwe a chipale chofewa komanso matalala osatulutsa. Koma wokwera komanso wosambira kuchokera ku nyama sakhala kwambiri. Ngati ndi kotheka, mbewa ya Barguzinsky imakwera mumtengo kapena kulowa m'madzi, koma imakana kwambiri. Koma akuwonetsa zodabwitsa zakuwongolera mchitidwe: amadumphira bwino kuchoka kunthambi kupita ku nthambi, ngakhale mtunda pakati pawo ndi 3-4 mamita.
Panyengo, nyama sikukana zakudya za mmera:
- uchi - chakudya chake nthawi zambiri chimadya ndi njuchi,
- Mbeu za paini wam mkungudza - zikuwoneka ngati mtedza wa mkungudza, muli mafuta ambiri, mavitamini, ma amino acid,
- lingonberry,
- mabuluni
- mitambo
- phulusa laphiri.
Adani achilengedwe
Barguzinsky sable ili ndi adani ochepa komanso olimbana nawo. Ndi ochepa omwe angayesere kuukira chinyama chaching'ono koma choyipachi.
Nyama zina zimalimbana ndi ana agalu ndi ana aang'ono, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono. Phwando pa chirombo:
- kharzy - martens achikasu achikasu, oimira wamkulu kwambiri mwa mitundu yonse yolemera mpaka 6 kg,
- kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi,
- zigawenga
- mimbulu
- zimbalangondo.
Khola la Barguzinsky nthawi zambiri limayang'anira gawoli ndipo limathamangitsa amuna ena achinyengo. Nyumbayo, nyamayo imamenyananso ndi ma arm ndi ma kolamu a ku Siberia - abale apamtima a zodzikongoletsera, zoluka ndi zoluka.
Barguzin ndi "wochezeka" kwambiri ndi martie kotero kuti nthawi zina nyama zimakwatirana. Zotsatira zake, ma hybrids - ana amabadwa. Ubweya wawo ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa marten, koma wotsika poyerekeza.
Kuswana
Nyama zimakwatirana kumayambiriro ndi pakati pa chilimwe. Mimba mwa akazi imatenga miyezi 10, kuyambira 1 mpaka 4 ana agalu. Sable imabadwa kumayambiriro kwamasika. Amabadwa ogontha komanso akhungu. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, maso awo otseguka ndi kumva akumatulukira.
Ana samatha kubereka kwa miyezi 1-1,5 ndipo amadyetsa mkaka wa amayi. Kuyambira mwezi wachiwiri, wamkazi amawadyetsa nyama yadyedwa ndi theka kapena zidutswa zamasewera. Nthawi yomweyo, nyama zimayamba kutuluka kuchokera mkuwa.
Pofika pakati pa chilimwe, kukula kwachinyamata kumayima pawokha ndikusiya nyumba ya abambo ake, ndipo akaziwo amaberekanso kubereka. Achinyamata oyamwa kwambiri amatha kutha msinkhu kokha mwa zaka 2-3.
Chifukwa cha chimoza chabodza, zoyesera zoyambirira za kubereka barguzin sizinaphule kanthu.
Roketi Yogwirizana
Munthawi yonse ya Barguzin BZHRK, luso lake silinadziwikebe. Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2014, atolankhani zapakhomo adanenanso kuti nyumba yochitira njanjiyi idamangidwa pamaziko a miss RS-24 Yars yomwe idalipo. Komabe, akuluakulu sanatsimikizire izi.
Pa Novembara 14, RIA Novosti adasindikiza mawu achidwi ndi General Designer wa Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering (MIT), omwe anali kupanga Barguzin. Wophunzira wa Russian Academy of Sciences Yuri Solomonov adanena kuti bungwe lake lipanga nyumba yolumikizana ya Yars yokhala ndi kuthekera kokulirapo.
Bokosi limodzi lokhala ndi zida ngati izi limatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira (silo), pa nthaka yosuntha (PGRK), kapena ngati gawo la BZHRK. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi mayankho ake komanso zigawo zake, mtundu uwu wa Yarsa umalumikizidwa ndi Bulava submarine tata.
Izi zitha kuwonedwa ngati chitsimikizo chosadziwika cha malipoti pakupanga kwa Barguzin potengera zovuta za Yars. Komabe, pakadali pano, chidziwitsochi sichofunikanso kwambiri. Kukula kwa BZHRK yatsopano inaimitsidwa mokomera ntchito zomwe zinali zofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, tsogolo la zoponya za Yars pamayendedwe amasitima aponyera zida zakhala zovuta.
Funso la expediency
Mawu a Y. Solomonov adakhala chifukwa chobwezeretsanso mikangano pakufunika kwa BZHRK m'magulu a Russian Strategic Missile Forces. Malingaliro pamutuwu akufotokozedwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, pa Disembala 5, RIA Novosti adasindikiza zomwe mkulu wa Center for International Security, IMEMO RAS, Phunziro Aleksey Arbatov.
Wophunzirayo akuwona m'mawu a Yu. Solomonov chizindikiro chakuyambiranso kwa Barguzin. Nthawi yomweyo, kufunika kopanga BZHRK yatsopano ndikukayikirabe. A. Arbatov amakumbukira kuti njirayi ili ndi zabwino komanso zowonongeka, ndipo izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa popanga chisankho.
Wophunzirayo watcha luso lotsogola lowoneka bwino machitidwe a BZHRK. Sitima yokhala ndi maulendo oswerera sitimayo siyofanana ndi sitima yapamtunda. Mbali inayi, sitimayo imamangidwa pamayendedwe oyendayenda - "mutha kuwona ndi sitima zomwe zipita." Malo okhala ndi sitima ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, ndipo kuchotsedwa kwa zovuta pazovuta zake kumakhala kovuta. Komanso, mwayi woti uwonongeke m'malo amenewa suwonongedwa.
Pankhani yoyenda, malinga ndi A. Arbatov, BZHRK yotsika ndi PGRK pa Wheel chassis. Omalizawa safuna njanji kapena milatho. Njira zawo zoyendayenda ndizosadziwika.
Komanso, wophunzirayo adatchulapo kanthu pankhani yankuyenda bwino kwachuma. "Yars" yolumikizidwa "Yars" ili ndi mitundu itatu yosanja - koma kodi padzakhala ndalama zokwanira kugwiritsira ntchito mipata yonseyi?
Pankhani yopanga zida zatsopano za Russia, A. Arbatov adatengera zomwe zakunja. Chifukwa chake, pakupanga kwa zida zaukadaulo zaku US kuli njira imodzi yokha yopangira zida zanyumba pogwiritsa ntchito silos. M'malo mwake, mapangidwe ena amafanizidwa. Kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazida zomwe zikuchitika mdziko lathu sikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku USA.
Palibe chifukwa chotsutsirana
Mpaka chaka cha 2017-18, pomwe zimadziwika za kuyimitsidwa kwa ntchito pa Barguzin, mutu wopanga BZHRK watsopano unali wotchuka kwambiri ndipo panali kutsutsana komwe kulipo. Nkhani yokhudza kuzizira kwa polojekitiyi idapangitsa kuti ntchito zotere zitheke. Ndemanga za Yu. Solomonov okhalapo kwa Yars wogwirizana komanso kuthekera kwakukulu pakupanga sitima ya rocket kunayambitsanso zotsatira zabwino.
Mutuwu umakambidwa pamilingo yonse, mpaka kwa opanga ndi akatswiri onse. Komabe, zokambirana ngati izi zikuwoneka kuti sizinafike pamenepa. Zaka ziwiri zapitazo, gulu lankhondo ndi ndale ku Russia lidalamula kuti aletse ntchito pa Barguzin BZHRK mokomera ntchito zina zomwe zikufunika patsogolo.
Malipoti oyamba kutsekedwa kwa projekiti ya Barguzin adatchulapo zifukwa zachuma zomwe zidasankhidwira. Zambiri zidawonekera pambuyo pake. Kupanga kwa BZHRK ndi PGRK yatsopano inaimitsidwa kuti izitulutsa zida zothandizira kupanga mtundu wa Avangard, womwe uli wofunikira kwambiri ku Strategic Missile Forces komanso kuteteza chitetezo.
Mtsogolomo, "Barguzin" idakumbukiridwabe, koma tsopano sizinkaonedwa ngati zovuta zenizeni zomwe zingayambike mu zaka zikubwerazi. Chidwi cha Strategic Missile Forces ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo mokwanira chimayang'ana pa machitidwe ena osokoneza.
Potengera izi, mawu aposachedwa a Yu. Solomonov akuwoneka ngati mawu osavuta. Kupanga polojekiti yomwe ilipo komanso mzere wa ICBM yonse, MIT idapanga chida chogwirizana cha Yars chida chogwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulatifomu osiyanasiyana. Mayini ndi mafoni opulumutsira ovuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi asitikali, pomwe njanji idasiyidwa. Mwinanso kale.
Zingakhale zovuta
Malinga ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino, MIT idayamba kupanga Barguzin BZHRK mu 2012 ndikupitilira mpaka chaka cha 2017. Akuluakulu aboma adavumbulutsa zambiri, koma zambiri mwa zomwe zidachokera pazosadziwika patsamba. Zonsezi zidapangitsa kuti chithunzi chikhale chachikulu, koma sizidadziwika kwenikweni.
Amaganiza kuti pomanga mwatsopano Barguzin watsopano azikhala wofanana ndi wakale wa Molodets. Itha kuchitika monga sitima yamagalimoto angapo okhala ndi zoyambira, zida zachitetezo, zolemba, malo okhala, etc. Maluso ndi ukadaulo mpaka nthawi ina sizikudziwika.
Mu 2014, atolankhani aku Russia adanenanso kuti mtundu wa Yars-mtundu ICBM kapena kusintha kwake kukagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la Barguzin. Izi zidatipatsa mwayi kuti tidziwe zambiri zofunikira. Choyambirira, chinali chokhudza kuphatikiza zida zingapo za Strategic Missile Forces mwa chinthu chachikulu. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, ma RS-24 anali atagwira kale ntchito ku silos komanso ku PGRK. M'tsogolomu, anali oti azithandizidwa ndi ma ICBM pama sitima.
Kutalika kwa rocket ya Yars sikupita 22-23 m, kulemera kotsitsa kumakhala kochepa kuposa matani 50. Roketi yamakono ndiyopepuka kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa chinthu chomwe Molodets RT-23 UTTX ali nacho, chomwe chili ndi zabwino zake. Woyambitsa makina wokhala ndi magawo oterowo amayenererana ndi malire otambalala. Makamaka, palibe chifukwa chopanga galimoto yapadera yokhala ndi chiwongolero chochulukirapo. Zofunafuna m'njira zimachepetsedwa, zomwe zimawonjezera malo opezekapo.
BZHRK pamaziko a "Yars" akhoza kusiyanasiyana ndi "achita bwino "mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso chinsinsi chachikulu. Kusintha koteroko kumatha kukhala kuwonjezera komanso njira yabwino kuphatikizira njira zina za Strategic Missile Forces.
Pakutha kwa chaka cha 2016, zidanenedwa kuti mayeso oponyera mfuti a Barguzin BZHRK adachitika kumalo ophunzitsira a Plesetsk. M'miyezi yotsatira, nkhani zamtunduwu sizinalandilidwe, ndipo mu Disembala 2017, atolankhani adalengeza za kutha kwa ntchito. Pambuyo pake, zifukwa zomwe kutsekera kwa polojekitiyi kudadziwika.
Tsogolo lopanda masitima
Ndondomeko zambiri za Unduna wa Zachitetezo ndi Strategic Missile Forces polamula zida zankhondo ndizodziwika bwino. ICBM yayikulu ya magulu pang'onopang'ono imakhala RS-24 "Yars" m'mitundu iwiri - yama migodi komanso malo osunthira nthaka. Posachedwa pakhala pali rocket yatsopano yolemetsa ya RS-28 Sarmat. Kukhalapo kwa mitundu iwiri yamakono kulola kusintha kwamakono kwa Strategic Missile Forces ndikuwonjezera kuthekera kwawo.
Ndondomeko zomwe zilipo zilibe malo oti zingapangidwire zida za mfuti zapamadzi zonyamula anthu. M'mbuyomu, machitidwe oterewa amawonedwa ngati ofunika, omwe nthawi ina adatsogolera kukhazikitsa kwa Barguzin. Pambuyo pake idasiyidwa m'malo mokomera zochitika zina zofunika. Kubwerera ku kukhazikitsidwa kwa BZHRK, monga momwe tikudziwira, sikukonzekera.
Komabe, molingana ndi zotsatira za ntchito yosakwanira pa mutu wa "Barguzin", MIT ndi mabizinesi ena adapeza luso popanga BZHRK yamakono pansi pa zida zaposachedwa kwambiri. Ngati ndi kotheka, izi zitha kukhazikitsidwa polojekiti yatsopano ngati lamulo lingaganizire kuyambiranso ntchito.
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Barguzin
Barguzin Ndi carnivore yokongola yochokera ku banja la marten, lomwe limapezeka m'nkhalango za North Asia, lomwe lili lofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha ubweya wake wochepa thupi, wosalala. Mtundu wa ubweyawo umachokera ku mdima wambiri mpaka wofiirira. Mtundu wamdima wakuda, umakhala wokwera kwambiri pamitengo ya ubweya. Dzinalo la barguzin sable, lili ndi mizu ya Chisilavo ndipo lazika mizu yambiri m'zilankhulo zambiri zaku Western Europe, mwina chifukwa cha malonda a ubweya kumayambiriro kwa Middle Ages. Chifukwa chake, sable ya Russia (sobol) idayamba kukhala ya Zobel ya ku Germany, zibelina za Chipwitikizi, zigline za ku France, soopeli waku France, Sabel ya Dutch, etc.
Chiyambidwe chowonekera ndi kufotokoza
Carl von Linne adafotokoza Barguzin mu 1758 m'buku lotchedwa Natural, lotchedwa Mustela zibellina. Gulu la genus marten (Mustelidae) linapangidwa ndi Sergey Ognev kuyambira 1925. Mokulira, barguzin Martes zibellina ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi Pine marten (M. martes), American marten (M. americana) ndi Japan marten (M. melampus). Komabe, ili ndi mchira wamfupi komanso khungu lakuda kwambiri, lonyezimira komanso loyera.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Animal Barguzin
Chifukwa cha kusiyana maonekedwe a barguzin m'malo osiyanasiyana, pakhala kutsutsana pazakuchuluka kwa mitundu yomwe ingadziwike bwino. Mapulogalamu khumi ndi khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri amodzi adziwika lero, koma akatswiri ena aposachedwa asankha zomwe zingachitike kuyambira zisanu ndi ziwiri mpaka makumi atatu.
Thupi la barguzin, monga ma martens ambiri, limadziwika ndi thupi lalitali, loonda komanso lanyumba lalifupi. Morphologic, barguzin amafanana ndi pine marten, koma ndi yayikulu pang'ono komanso mchira wamfupi, ndipo chovalacho ndichopepuka komanso chofewa.
Mtundu wa chovalachi umasiyanasiyana kuyambira bulauni mpaka wakuda. Mutu nthawi zambiri umakhala wopepuka kuposa thupi. Nthawi zina mumatsuka tsitsi loyera kapena lachikasu. Pakutero, mtundu wa ubweya umakhala wowonjezereka komanso wamdima kumbuyo ndi miyendo. Mwa anthu ena, ubweya wopepuka umaonekera pakhosi, womwe umatha kukhala imvi, choyera kapena chikasu. Zovala zamnyengo yozizira zimakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali kwambiri komanso lofiirira, ndipo nthawi yotentha imakhala yofupika, yoyera komanso yamdima. Kukhetsa kumachitika kuyambira Marichi mpaka Meyi komanso kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Novembala.
M. zibellina amawonetsa kugonana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Ma Sabata amafika kutalika kwa 32 mpaka 53 cm (amuna) kapena 30 mpaka 48 cm (akazi). Mchira wowonda kuyambira 30,5 mpaka 46 cm. Pafupifupi, amuna ndi akazi 9% kuposa akazi. Kulemera kwa amuna kumayambira 1150 mpaka 1850 magalamu, zachikazi kuyambira 650 mpaka 1600 magalamu. M'nyengo yozizira, kulemera kumawonjezeka ndi 7-10%.
Kodi barguzin amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Barguzin ku Russia
Barguzin sable imapezeka kumpoto kwa Asia, pomwe magawidwe ake anaphimba gawo kuchokera ku Scandinavia kupita kumpoto kwa China. Pakadali pano, malo omwe chilombochi chimakhala sichikulalikira kumadzulo, koma chimapezekabe ku Siberia ndi kumpoto kwa China.
Chosangalatsa: Ku Russia, kufalitsa barguzin kumalumikizidwa ndikuwonetsa mobwerezabwereza nyama 19,000 zachilengedwe kuyambira 1940 mpaka 1965.
Gawo loyambirira la barguzin lidakuta kumpoto kwa Asia, ndikuphatikizanso ku Scandinavia. M'malo ena ogawika, anasowa, kotero lero sakhala kumadzulo kwa mapiri a Ural.
Malo omwe amagawidwira pano akuphatikizapo:
- Russia: pafupifupi Siberia yonse yakum'mawa kwa Urals, kuphatikiza Sakhalin,
- Kazakhstan: kumpoto chakum'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Bukhtarma ndi Uba,
- China: malo ogawikirawo akuphatikizapo magawo atatu osiyana: m'mphepete mwa Altai ku Xinjiang, m'mapiri a Greater Khingan komanso, mwina, kumapiri a Lesser Khingan, m'mapiri a Changbai,
- Mongolia: ku Altai ndi kunkhalango,
- North Korea: Phiri la Changbai komanso kumwera kwa mapiri.
- Japan: pachilumba cha Hokkaido.
Kugawidwa chakumadzulo kwa barguzin kumaphimba mapiri a Ural, pomwe amakhala momasuka ndi mapaini ofiira. Mtunduwu umakonda nkhalango zowirira za taiga, kumapiri ndi kumapiri a kumpoto kwa Asia. Barguzin M. zibellina imapezeka m'nkhalango zowirira ndi za mkungudza kum'mawa kwa Siberia, komanso m'nkhalango zowirira za Siberia. Amawoneka kuti amangopewa nsonga zazitali kwambiri. Mitunduyi imakhala yamtunda komanso yomanga zinyalala pamtchire.
Kodi barguzin amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Barguzin mwachilengedwe
Zakudya za barguzin zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi nyengo. Amadyetsa mbewa zokongola, ma chipmunks, agologolo, mazira a mbalame, mbalame zazing'ono komanso nsomba. Nyama zimathanso kudya zipatso, mtedza wa paini ndi masamba, pomwe zakudya zazikulu sizipezeka. Nyengo yamvula yovuta kwambiri, barguzin M. zibellina imasunga nyama yake mkati mwake mwa kolala kuti izitha kudzithandiza yokha kufikira ikhoza kusaka kachiwiri. Nyamazo zimadyanso nyama monga ermine, mbalame ndi zazing'ono zazing'ono.
Nthawi zina mbidzi zimatsata njira za mimbulu kapena zimbalangondo ndipo zimadyetsa zotsalira za maphwando awo. Nyama imatha kudya chakudya chambiri, monga ma slgs omwe amapaka pansi, kuchotsa ntchofu. Ma Sabata nthawi zina amadya nsomba, zomwe zimagwidwa ndi zala zakumaso. Zambiri mwa zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi makoswe ochepa. Ku Siberia, mbewa amapanga zoposa 50% ya chakudya chambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, akapeza chisanu ku chisanu ndi chipale chofewa, nthawi zambiri amadya zipatso zamitchi.
Nyama zina pazosankha zitha kukhala:
Zakudya za nyama zitha kuphatikizanso mbalame, nsomba ndi tizilombo. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamayo imanyambita uchi kuchokera ku zisa za njuchi. Zomera zomwe amapanga zimakhala gawo lalikulu la chakudya. Pakati pa Yenisei, kunapezeka kuti malo amderali amadya 20% ya mbewu za paini ndi mabuliberi. Barguzins amasaka makamaka ndi mkokomo ndi fungo, ndipo amakhala ndi chidwi. Amalemba gawo lawo ndi fungo lopangidwa ndi zisa zomwe zili m'mimba.
Tsopano mukudziwa kudyetsa barguzin. Tiyeni tiwone momwe iye amakhalira kuthengo.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Barguzin m'nyengo yozizira
Ma Sabata makamaka amasunthira pansi, koma amatha kukwera bwino. Amapanga zisa zingapo pagawo lawo pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi m'malo otetezeka kwambiri a nkhalangoyi, makamaka pamtengo wamatabwa, m'miyala kapena pansi pa mitengo yomwe amafalitsa ndi mbewu kapena tsitsi. Mabowo awa amapangidwa otetezeka momwe angathere.
Dera la barguzin limachokera ku 4 mpaka 30 km². Kukula kwake kumadalira malo omwe amakhala ndipo chifukwa chake zakudya zomwe zingakhalepo, komanso zaka za nyama. Tsiku lililonse, magawo amayenda mkati mwa malo ake 6.5-12 km. Mwapadera, mtunda ungakhale wamtunda wa 30, koma kusunthidwa kwa 300 km kwapezeka.
Makulidwe ambiri amagwira ntchito nthawi yamadzulo, koma amatha kuyenda usiku, koma nthawi zambiri masana. Ozizira kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala masiku angapo chisa chawo. Kusuntha kwamtsogolo kumachitika chifukwa cha kudumpha pang'ono ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 40 mpaka 70. Mwakutero, makulidwewo amatha kudumpha mpaka mainchesi 4. Malo ake obisalamo amatha kusanja, atakutidwa ndi udzu ndi ubweya, koma amatha kukhala osakhalitsa, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, pamene nyamayi imayenda kukafunafuna nyama yayikulu mtunda.
Chosangalatsa: Makulidwe amtundu wamtunduwu, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi kukalamba, ndi motere: Ana 62,7%, wazaka 12,5%, 2-5 wazaka---7-7.5%, zaka 5-7- 1.5-5 3.7%, nyama zaka 8 ndi akulu - 0.4-11.7% mu Urals ndi 75.6%, 5.7%, 2.7-4.9%, 0.8-22% ndi 0.2-11.4%, motero, ku Western Sayan. Kupulumuka kwapachaka kwa mapasa: 19.9% ya ana, 44.0% pachaka ndi 75.9-79.4% ya nyama kwa zaka 2- 9 ku Urals ndi 33.0%, 59,6% ndi 49.3-75 , 8% motsatana ku Western Sayan.
Pamafamu, barguzins amakhala zaka 18, pomwe nyama zakutchire zimatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 9-10, zakale zakale sizachilendo kwenikweni. Pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a anthu akukhala mwamtchire ndi anthu osakwana zaka ziwiri.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Little Barguzin
Amadziwika kuti amphongo, akukonzekera gawo lawo, amapanga mabowo kapena timiyala ting'onoting'ono tambiri tomwe timakhala m'chipale chotalika pafupifupi mita, titatsatana ndi kukodza pafupipafupi. Kukwatirana kumachitika pakati pa Juni 15 ndi Ogasiti 15, ndipo deti limasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo. M'madera omwe muli anthu ochepa, miyambo ya chibwenzi imaphatikizira kuthamanga, kudumpha ndi "phokoso la mphaka" pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Komabe, m'malo omwe magawidwe a amuna amalingana, mpikisano wa akazi ungayambitse nkhondo zowopsa.
Pambuyo pakulowetsedwa, khungu losakanizidwa silimayikidwa mu khoma lachiberekero la mkazi. Kumwirira kumachitika pakatha miyezi isanu ndi itatu, ndipo kukula kwa embryonic kumatenga masiku 25-30 okha. Komabe, nthawi yonseyi ya kutenga pakati imatenga masiku 250 mpaka 300. Zinyalala zachikazi zimachokera ku 1 mpaka 7 cubs, koma zowerengeka zazing'ono za anthu awiri ndizodziwika. Ma barguzin ena amakhala ndi chisamaliro cha abambo, popeza amuna amateteza gawo la akazi ndipo amapatsa chakudya amayi oyamwitsa ndi ana awo.
Ziphuphu zatsopano zimabadwa zopanda thandizo, ndi maso chotseka ndi tsitsi losalala kwambiri. Ana aang'ono olemera 25 mpaka 35 gramu ndipo pafupifupi amatalika masentimita 10. Barguzyats amatsegula maso awo pakati pa masiku 30 mpaka 36 a moyo wawo ndikutuluka chisa posachedwa. Pakatha masabata asanu ndi awiri atabadwa, iwo aletsedwa kuyamwa ndipo amalandira chakudya chotafuna kuchokera kwa amayi awo. Barguzins amafika kutha msamba mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo.
Zosankha ndi mitengo. Gulani ku Moscow
Kukongola kwakupha: mtengo wa barguzin ubweya ndi wotani?
Ubweya wosalala nthawi zonse umakhala woyamikiridwa. Makamaka zakuda. Chifukwa chake, barguzin adaopsezedwa kuti atha. Adaphedwa chifukwa chovala malaya akuda. Kuphatikiza apo, ubweya wa barguzin unali wapamwamba kuposa ubweya wa ma sables ena pakachulukidwe, kusalala ndi kupepuka.
M'zaka mazana a XV-XVIII, ma barguzins adaphedwa ndi makumi masauzande. Ubweya wawo unali wamtengo wapatali kwambiri kotero kuti ndalama zomwe zimachokera kugulitsa ubweya ndizo zinali chuma cha boma la Russia m'zaka za XVII. Zikopa zinagulidwa, kugulitsidwa, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ndalama.
Chifukwa chakupulika kochulukira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, padalibe pafupifupi magoli omwe adatsala. Adapulumuka m'malo omwe adatetezedwa mwadala.
Kupanga njanji, kukhazikika kwa malo amtchire omwe anthu, moto wamatchi, komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kudawonjezera kuwononga mitengo yowoneka.
Chomwe chinathandiza kwambiri pakusunga nyamazo chinali kutsegulidwa kwa Barguzinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve - malo oyamba ku Russia. Idakhazikitsidwa mu 1916 m'dera la Buryatia. Amayala mamilimita 3743. km kumpoto kwa Baikal kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Baikal ndi kaphiri ka Barguzinsky.
Sable yalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia ndi Sakhalin.
Komabe, pali anthu ambiri omwe akufuna kutenga chovala cha ubweya, chovala, kolala kapena chipewa kuchokera mumtambo wakuda. Pofuna kuti zisawonongeke nyama zamtchire komanso nthawi yomweyo kukhutiritsa zosowa za anthu, ziphuphu zinayamba kupatsidwira mafamu aubweya.
Barguzin ndi chozizwitsa chenicheni cha taiga. Nyamayo inatsala pang'ono kufa chifukwa cha chovala chodabwitsa cha ubweya. Mwamwayi, chiwerengerochi chinapulumutsidwa ndikuchuluka. Lero mutha kusilira nyamayi ku Barguzinsky Reserve. Apa, sable samangokhala m'nkhalangomo, komanso imayandikira nyumba za anthu okhala m'nkhalango.
Adani achilengedwe a barguzins
Kuphatikiza pa imfa yachilengedwe, mbawala zitha kugwidwa ndi mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya zinyama ndi mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya mbalame. Ochita nawo mpikisano malo omwe amakhala ndi owopsa komanso osokoneza bongo. Nyama imatha kuvutika chifukwa cha mitundu 34 ya helminth, mitundu 19 ya utitiri ndi mitundu itatu ya nthata za gamasid, zomwe zafotokozedwa ngati tizirombo tating'ono.
Zinyama zazikuluzikulu za barguzin zimaphatikizapo nyama zingapo zazikulu, zomwe ndi:
Ma barguzin amakhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa komanso mano owongoka, omwe amathandizira kuti adziteteze moyenera kwa adani ambiri. Komabe, munthu ndiye wadyera woopsa kwambiri, chifukwa kwazaka zambiri amakhulupirira kuti sable ili ndi imodzi mwazikopa zamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Nyama zinkadziwika kale m'zaka za zana la 3 BC. Chifukwa chaulemu, anthu achi Scythian adatumiza ubweya wofunika ku dziko lachi Greek lomwe lili pafupi ndi Nyanja Yakuda.
Pambuyo pake, zikopa zowoneka bwino zidakhala chizindikiro cha malo, makamaka ku Russia. Korona wamafuta aku Russia adakongoletsedwa ndi ubweya wamtengo wapatali kuyambira zana la 17. Anthu ogonjetsedwa a ku Siberia ankapereka msonkho pakhungu. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa chofunafuna kwambiri, sable idayamba kuyambiranso kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Mtengo wogulitsidwa mu 2010 unali $ 167 wa ubweya wosavuta ndi $ 138 posaka nyama zamtchire. Zikopa zikuluzikulu zochokera ku nyama zokwezeka zaulimi zikulowera msika.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Animal Barguzin
Zoyenera kukhala m'gulu la nyama zomwe sizingawakhudzeni, chifukwa malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyambirira kwa anthu oposa mamiliyoni awiri amafalikira ku Eurasia. M'malo ambiri ake mulibe vuto lakuchepa, ngakhale kuchepa kwa mayiko ena, komwe kumangokhala gawo laling'ono chabe la magawo ake.
Chochititsa chidwi: Ku Soviet Union, kusaka nyama yapa barguzin ndi kusodza kunali koletsedwa pakati pa 194 ndi 1960, pomwe mapepala 20,000 adatulutsidwa m'mafamu kuthengo. Izi zapangitsa kuti masiku ano kuchuluka kwa anthu ogulitsa mdziko muno akwanirenso bwino, ndipo IUCN ikukhulupirira kuti palibe chomwe chikuwopseza nyamayi.
Chochititsa chachikulu pakuchepa ndikusaka kwa chisanu. Komabe, ku Russia, sable imagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malo okhala mwasayansi, chifukwa chake kusaka sikukuwopseza mitunduyo. Malo ena amatayika chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, ntchito yolumikizira ndi kukonza migodi yatsopano, minda yamafuta ndi gasi.
Barguzin amatetezedwa kumalo osungira zachilengedwe ndi m'malo osungirako zachilengedwe. Kunja kwa malo otetezedwa, kusaka kolowera ku Russia kumayendetsedwa mokhazikika ndi kusaka nambala iliyonse ya dera ndipo imakhala yochepa kuchokera nthawi kuyambira pa Okutobala 15 mpaka February 29. Madera akulu momwe barguzin amatetezedwa ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe okwana 41 ndi malo okwana 164,960 km².
Ku China, kusaka ndizoletsedwa kudera lonselo la 215,678 km². Ku Mongolia, amatchulidwa kuti ndi osatetezeka. Mu DPRK barguzin kutchulidwa monga kutha. Ku Japan, mabungwe azomwe akhala akutetezedwa adatetezedwa kuyambira 1920 ndipo adalembedwera pamndandanda ngati womwe ukuwonongedwa. Palibe ziyerekezo zochuluka ku Japan, Korea, kapena Kazakhstan; madera aliwonse a mayiko awa ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la mitundu yonse padziko lapansi.