Thupi la mbalameyi limakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 14. Mafumuwa pakhosi ndipo korona wake ndi wakuda. Nthenga pa chifuwa ndi thupi lapamwamba ndi imvi.
Pamasaya ojambulawo pali malo akuluakulu owoneka oyera. Mlomo wa mbalame ndi waukulu komanso wamphamvu. Pansi ndi pamwamba pa mulomo muli utoto wofiira kwambiri, womwe umazirala pang'ono m'mbali. Pamwamba pa mulomo ndi woyera.
Maso a bulauni azunguliridwa ndi mphete yofiirira. Rice dimorphism palibe. Kusiyana pakati pa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndikuti amayimba.
Mbalame zazing'ono maonekedwe ake ndizosiyana ndi akulu. Thupi lawo lotsika limakhala laimvi, ndipo kumtunda kwake limachita imvi. Mapazi a mipango yaying'ono adapakidwa utoto wamtundu, m'mphepete mwa chikope ndimaso amaso achikasu, ndipo mulomo ndi wakuda.
Malo okhala mpunga
Masiku ano, mpunga wafalikira kupitilira zilumba za Bali, Java ndi Bavean, ndipo umapezeka m'maiko ambiri okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, komanso ku Madras, Calcutta, Miami, Hong Kong, Bangkok.
Rice amakhala ku Hawaii, Sumatra, Malaysia, Moluccas, Philippines, Fiji, Vanua Levu, Viti Levu, Taiwan ndi kumwera kwa Indochina. Komanso, mbalameyi imapezeka ku St. Helena, ku Zanzibar komanso gombe la East Africa.
Makhalidwe ndi zakudya za Javanese Sparrow
Anthu a Risovki amakhala m'malo olima malo komanso nkhalango zowala zomwe zili ndi udzu waukulu.
Nthawi zambiri mbalameyi imakhala m'misewu komanso kunja kwa midzi.
Risovka amadya makamaka ndi mbewu ndi mbewu za herbaceous zomera. Pazifukwa izi, mpunga m'malo ena amaonedwa ngati tizirombo.
Zojambula zimatha kuuluka m'magulu akulu kupita kuminda ya mpunga, ndikuwononga mbewu. Potengedwa, mbewu ya canary, oatmeal, mitundu yonse ya mapira, mbewu ya hemp ndi mpunga zimakhala chakudya chojambula. Ngati ndi kotheka, mbalameyi ipatsidwe zipatso zosapsa za mpunga. Ngati izi sizingatheke, phala la mpunga kapena nyama yodulidwa limaphatikizidwa muzakudya za mbalame. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zojambula ndi supuni 1.5 - 2 za zosakaniza za tirigu.
Kufalitsa Mpunga
Mbalamezi zimamanga chisa kuchokera pazinthu zopangidwa bwino monga udzu, udzu, zomera komanso ngakhale nthenga. Pakumanga chisa, zonse zazikazi ndi zazimuna zimatenga nawo gawo. Popanga chisa, champhongo nthawi zina chimasokonezedwa, ndikuyamba kuyimba nyimbo yake yosavuta.
Pachilichonse, pali mazira anayi mpaka 6, omwe chigamba chake chimakhala choyera.
Kaŵirikaŵiri makolo onse amakumbukira masana. Usiku, mbalamezo zimadzadzirira, ndipo yamphongo imagona kwina panthambi pafupi ndi chisa.
Nthawi yodzikundikira imatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri.
Pafupifupi atangoonekera, anapiyewo amayamba kufinya, kufunafuna chakudya. Pakatha masiku pafupifupi 10, anapiye amatha kuwona, ndipo patatha milungu iwiri nthenga zawo zimayamba kuphulika. Pakupita milungu itatu, anapiyewo ali ndi tsitsi kale, ndipo mwezi umodzi atawonekera, ayamba kuchoka mchisa, ndikubwerera usiku wokhawo. Zitatha izi, makolowo amapitilirabe kudyetsa ana kwa milungu iwiri, kenako anapiyewo nkudzilamulira.
Risovka, kapena Javanese Sparrow (Padda oryzivora)
Uthenga oksimara Ogasiti 17, 2012 08:18
Mbiri ya Rice Amadina
Zojambula (Padda oryzivora) - Wodziwika komanso wamkulu kwambiri ku Asia Amadin. Mbalameyi ndi membala wa banja la Astrilde, wa gulu la odutsa, ndipo ali ndi mayina angapo: mpheta ya Javanese, wowomba mpunga, amadina a mpunga. Zojambula kukula kwa ntchentche kapena mpheta yamunda.
Mpunga wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ukupakidwa chimodzimodzi. Mutu, mmero, naduhvy, chophimba mchira ndi mchira wakuda. Mbali zam'mutu zomwe zili pansi pamaso ("masaya") ndizoyera, ngati gawo lalikulu. Maso ofiira omwe amakhala atazunguliridwa, ngati mphete, ndi ma eyimoni owala a pinki. Mlomo wamphamvu komanso wokulirapo umawoneka wokongola kwambiri: ofiira-kofiyira kumunsi ndi pinki-yoyera m'mphepete mpaka kumapeto. Chipilala chake chimakhala chosalala, ngati chopukutidwa, ndipo nthenga imakhala yabwino. Wokhazikika bwino, miyendo yolimba ndi pinki. Mbali yakumwamba ya thupi ndi chifuwa ndi imvi yakuda bii, mbali yakumapeto ya thupi ndi imvi yofewa yopepuka. Mchira ndi zingwe zokhala mchira zoyera. Mtundu wotere mu mbalame za "kuthengo", mtundu wachilengedwe. Mukukonzekera kuswana kwamtunduwu, matambula oyera ndi omwe amatchedwa marble (omwe ali ndi mutu wa pinto ndi malo amtundu wamitundu yosiyanasiyana) adapezeka.
Dzinalo la sayansi la mpunga amadina ndilofunika kwambiri: ku China, mawu oti "padda" amatanthauza munda wa mpunga, mpunga wosalembedwa, ndipo Latin "oryzivora" amatanthauza "wakudya mpunga."
Kumene kuli mpunga ndizilumba za Java ndi Bali. Poyamba, mbalamezi zinkakhala m'matchire komanso m'madambo akuluakulu okhala ndi makatani amitengo ndi zitsamba. Munthawi yathu ino, mpunga umatha kupezeka kutali kwambiri kuposa malo oyamba omwe amagawidwa. Iwo "anayenda" ndi munthu. Mbalame zouluka mwangozi kuchoka m'zinyumba zawo kapena zotulutsidwa mwapadera zimatha kuyambiranso malo atsopano. Iwo anakakhala mwachangu kumadera omwe anthu amapanga kuti alime minda ya mpunga. Makamaka mpheta zambiri za Javanese m'malo okhala mpunga ku Southeast Asia komanso kuzilumba za Oceania.
Bernstein analemba kuti: “Monga mpheta yathu yaku Europe, kujambula kumakhala kumadera azikhalidwe ndipo ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kumeneko. Munthawi yomwe minda ya mpunga idakutidwa ndimadzi, i.e. Nthawi yoyambira Novembala mpaka Malichi ndi Epulo, pomwe mpunga wofesedwa ukubwera ndipo nthawi yokolola ikuyandikira, mitengo ya mpunga imasungidwa pawiri kapena mabanja ang'onoang'ono m'minda, m'minda ndi m'mitengo. Pano amadya nthangala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zipatso zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana komanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mwina nthawi zambiri ndimawaona akudya chakudya cham'midzi, zina. Pamenepo sanathe kupeza china chilichonse, kupatula m'mimba zawo ndinapeza zotsalira za nyama yemweyo. Koma mbewu za mpunga zikangoyamba kusanduka zachikaso ndi kuzimiririka madzi atatha, mbewu za mpunga zimasunthira kumeneko, nthawi zambiri m'magulu akulu, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka kwambiri mpaka nzika zonse zimagwiritsa njira zamtundu uliwonse kuti ziwatulutse. "
Bernstein anapeza zinsalu zojambula pamutu wa mitengo, kenako pakati pa mbewu zamasamba zomwe zimakwirira mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ya kanjedza. Kutengera ndi malo omwe chisa chili, pali kukula ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Omangidwa pamitengo, yayikulu kwambiri kukula kwake ndipo nthawi zonse imakhala yofanana ndi mawonekedwe a dziko, imapindika kokha kuchokera kumiyendo ya udzu wosiyanasiyana, osati zolukidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti chisa chonse sichikhala ndi mphamvu iliyonse. Kusintha kumakhala ndi mazira oyera oyera a 6-8.
Kufotokozera
Chithunzi chotalika masentimita 14. Makulidwe a thupi ndi chifuwa chapamwamba ndi amaso amtambo. Chisoti chachifumu ndi pakhosi zakuda. Malo akulu akulu pamasaya ndi mulomo wolimba kwambiri. Mlomo ndi mawu awiri. Mbali zakumtunda ndi zotsika za mulomo zimakhala zofiira kwambiri, pomwe malire a mulomo ndi opepuka. ndipo nsonga yake ndiyoyera. Maso ndi a bulauni, ozunguliridwa ndi mphete yofiira.
Palibe kutchulidwa kogonana. Kusiyana pakati pa mkazi ndi wamwamuna ndikuti amuna okha ndi omwe amayimba.
Zambiri zam'mimba mwa mbalame zazing'ono ndi imvi zakumaso, gawo lotsika la thupi ndi imvi. Mlomo wawo ndi wakuda, m'mphepete mwa chikope ndi imvi. Miyendo ndiyakhungu.
Kugawa
Poyamba Risovka amakhala ku Java ndi Bali, komanso ku Bavean. Lero likupezeka m'maiko ambiri otentha, kuphatikiza Calcutta, Madras, Hong Kong, Miami ndi Bangkok, Sumatra, Hawaii, Moluccas, Malaysia, kuphatikiza Singapore, zilumba za Fiji, Viti Levu ndi Vanua Levu, ku Philippines, kumwera kwa Indochina ndi ku Taiwan. Anthu amakhalanso m'mphepete mwa East Africa, ku Zanzibar ndi St. Helena. Ngakhale mitunduyi ndiyosowa kwenikweni m'malo omwe idagawidwira ku Java ndi Bali, kufalitsa kwake, kuthokoza kwa munthu, kuonetsetsa kupitilirabe ngati mtundu. Kuchulukana kwa mitundu yamtunduwu kwachepa kwambiri. Pakufufuza kwa malo 64 momwe zojambulazi zinkakhalira, anthu 109 okha ndi omwe adapezeka m'malo 17. Cholinga chakuchepa kwa mbalame ndizotchuka pojambula ngati nkhuku.
Zojambula ndi munthu
Risovka ndi mbalame yakale yapakhomo yomwe inkasungidwa m'malo osungira nyama ku China ndi Japan zaka zapitazo. Tsiku lomwe mbalame zimapezeka koyamba ku Europe silikudziwika. Amaganiziridwa kuti pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za XVIII, mbalame zidayamba kubweretsedwa ndi anthu am'madzi. Katswiri wazamankhwala waku France a Viejo amawafotokozera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 monga mtundu wotchuka. Zizindikiro zoberekera mbalame sizimatchulidwa monga zimayembekezeredwa pambuyo pakupitiliza ku Asia ndi Europe. Izi mwina chifukwa chakuti chifukwa chokhazikika cholowetsa mbalame zatsopano, zosakanizidwa za mbalame zokongoletsera zokhala ndi zakutchire zidapezeka. Komabe, mtundu wa leukism mwa mbalame zomwe zimasungidwa ku China ndi Japan zaka zambiri zapitazo zadziwika. Chochititsa chidwi, zojambula zoyera zimaberekanso mu ukapolo mosavuta kuposa mbalame zamtundu wamtundu wachilengedwe.
Mverani mawu akuda
Pachilichonse, pali mazira anayi mpaka 6, omwe chigamba chake chimakhala choyera.
Kaŵirikaŵiri makolo onse amakumbukira masana. Usiku, mbalamezo zimadzadzirira, ndipo yamphongo imagona kwina panthambi pafupi ndi chisa.
Nthawi yodzikundikira imatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri.
Pafupifupi atangoonekera, anapiyewo amayamba kufinya, kufunafuna chakudya. Pakatha masiku pafupifupi 10, anapiye amatha kuwona, ndipo patatha milungu iwiri nthenga zawo zimayamba kuphulika. Pakupita milungu itatu, anapiyewo ali ndi tsitsi kale, ndipo mwezi umodzi atawonekera, ayamba kuchoka mchisa, ndikubwerera usiku wokhawo. Zitatha izi, makolowo amapitilirabe kudyetsa ana kwa milungu iwiri, kenako anapiyewo nkudzilamulira.
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