Mackerel-ngati hydrolytic, nsomba ya vampire kapena payara (lat. Hydrolycus scomberoides), ngakhale ndizochepa, imapezeka m'mizinda yam'madzi, ngakhale ili ndi kukula komanso mawonekedwe. Uku ndi kudya mwachangu komanso mwaukali, ingoyang'ana pakamwa pake pongokwanira kuti kukayikira konse kuthere. Mano otere sawoneka kawirikawiri pakati pa nsomba zam'madzi, osati ngati pakati pa madzi abwino.
Monga nsomba zina zolusa, zomwe tidalemba kale - goliath, payara ali ndi mano akulu komanso akuthwa, koma ali ndi zochepa, zigawo ziwiri patsinde. Ndipo amatha kutalika mpaka 15 cm.
Ndiwotalikirapo kotero kuti pali zibowo zapadera pa nsagwada yapamwamba momwe mano amalowera ngati mchimake. Kwenikweni, ndikudziwa nsomba za vampire zochokera m'mafilimu ndi masewera, komabe, zimayamikiridwa ndi asodzi-othamanga, chifukwa cha kupirira kwawo pakusewera komanso kukopa kunja.
Vampire nsomba
Payara, Vampire Fish kapena Mackerel-ngati Hydrolytic, dzina lasayansi Hydrolycus armatus, ndi a banja la Cynodontidae. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri yomwe imadyetsa mitsinje ku South America. Sioyenera kukonzanso nyumba, kupatula malo oyang'anira mabata akuluakulu kapena pagulu.
Habitat
Nsombazi zimakhala m'mitsinje ikuluikulu ya South America, makamaka ku Orinoco ndi Amazon. Amakonda mitsinje yoyera yokhala ndi mafunde othamanga komanso madzi otentha, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo ozama a rapids, m'munsi mwa malo amadzi, pomwe pamakhala chipwirikiti chambiri.
Zambiri:
- Migwirizano ndi zokwaniritsa:
- Kuchuluka kwa aquarium kumachokera ku malita 2000.
- Kutentha - 24-27 ° C
- PH phindu 6.0-8.0
- Kuuma kwamadzi - 5-5 dGH
- Mtundu wa gawo lapansi - lamwala
- Kuwala - kwapakati
- Madzi akhungu - ayi
- Kuyenda kwamadzi ndi kwamphamvu
- Kukula - kupitirira mita
- Chakudya - Tinsomba Tating'ono
- Chiyembekezo chamoyo - pafupifupi zaka ziwiri ali mu ukapolo
Kufotokozera
Mwachilengedwe, achikulire amapitilira mita imodzi m'litali, m'malo ochita kupanga pang'ono, koma amafika pamlingo wolemera ndi kulemera (makilogalamu 10). Ili ndi thupi lothamanga, lolumikizira mchira, yopangira mphezi kuti igwire nyama. Mutu waukulu wokhala ndi kamwa yake umakhala ndi mano ambiri olimba. Mwa munthu wamkulu, ma fini awiri akuluakulu amamera pa nsagwada yapansi, motalika kwambiri kotero kuti pali mabowo apadera pachiwono chapamwamba kotero kuti amadutsa. Mtunduwu ndi siliva wokhala ndi mthunzi wakuda, nthawi zina wowoneka bwino.
Kukhala mwachilengedwe
Makina owoneka ngati mackerel oyambilira anafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Cuvier mu 1819. Kuphatikiza pa iye, pali mitundu inanso 3 yofanana m'banjamo.
Amakhala ku South America, ku Amazon ndi m'milandu yake. Imakonda madzi othamanga, osambira, osambira, kuphatikizapo malo omwe ali pafupi ndi mitsinje.
Nthawi zina amapezeka m'masukulu ang'onoang'ono akusaka nsomba zazing'ono, koma chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi piranhas.
Nsomba za Vampire zimameza omwe amazunzidwa, nthawi zina zimang'amba zazing'onoting'ono.
Imakula kwambiri, mpaka masentimita 120, ndipo imatha kulemera makilogalamu 20, ngakhale anthu okhala m'madzi samakhala osaposa masentimita 75. Dzinalo la sayansi ndi mackerel ngati hydrolytic, koma limatchuka kwambiri pansi pa mayina a payara ndi vampire nsomba, limadziwikanso kuti sabra-toothed tetra.
Kufuna kudziwa chilichonse
Ngakhale m'nthawi zakale zam'mbuyozi, pamene akambuku am'madzi ankayendayenda padziko lapansi, wolusa mtsinje wowopsa - mackerel hydrolik(Hydrolycus scomberoides)banja characinide (Characin) - adadzilitsa yekha chida chofanana, adangolowera mbali ina, kwa ulamuliro wake m'mitsinje.
Mano ake owopsa a saber ali patsaya. Mosiyana ndi nyama zambiri zokhala ndi thukuta, mafangasi am'madzi owoneka ngati mackerel amakhalabe pakamwa pake, atabisala mabowo awiri pachibwano chapamwamba.
Chilombo cholusa choterechi, chotalika mita ndi theka, chikuyenda m'madzi a Amazon, ndikugwetsa masentimita 7-10 kulowa m'matupi a omwe akuwatsata.
Maonekedwe owopsa ndi chiwopsezo chokhala ndi kuluma kwa mano owopsa zimapangitsa ngakhale msodzi waluso kwambiri.
Tiyeni tizipita pamodzi ndi mamembala apamtunda gwira nsomba ya vampire pamalo amadzi
Pazina la "payara", mitundu inayi yonse yokhudzana ndi nsomba imadziwika. Lalikulu kwambiri mwa iwo - ma mackerel owoneka ngati ma hydrolytic (Hydrolycus scomberoides) amakula mpaka mita kapena kupitirira apo. Wachiwiri kukula kwambiri - red-tailed hydrolysis (Hydrolycus armatus) sapitilira masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Mtundu wachitatu ndi wachinayi - Hydrolycus tatauaia ndi Hydrolycus wallacei sofika theka la mita.
Ku Venezuela, hydrolik yokhala ngati mackerel imadziwikanso ndi dzina loti "Kachorra". Koma popeza mitundu inayi yonseyo ili ponseponse mu maboma a Orinoco ndi Amazon, ku Peru inu, owerenga okondedwa, mudzamva dzina loti "chambira". Ku Ecuador - "chambirima". Koma sanamve za zolipira. M'mabuku achingelezi ndi achi Russia, nthawi zambiri, malipiro amadziwika kuti ndi ma hydrolytic okhala ngati mackerel, m'malo mwa mitundu yaying'ono.
Nsomba zasiliva zamphamvuzi komanso zothamanga ndi za mtundu, dzina lasayansi lomwe limachokera ku mawu awiri achi Greek. "Hydr" ndi madzi ndipo "lykos" ndi nkhandwe. Zapezeka kuti ngakhale asayansi sanathe kukana kukopa kwa maonekedwe a omwe amalipira, omwe amutcha "nkhandwe yamadzi". Ku Venezuela, imakhala m'mitsinje Paragua, Caura, Caroni, Churun ndi ena ambiri amilandu ya Orinoco. Malipiro ojambulidwa adangogwidwa pansana ndi malowa a Uraimu pa febru 10, 1996. Adafika kutalika kwa masentimita 117 ndikulemera makilogalamu 17.8. Koma zinali zosangalatsadi! Nthawi zambiri mackerel ngati hydrolytic amakula masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi kudza makumi asanu ndi atatu ndipo amalemera kilogalamu atatu mpaka eyiti. Koma ngakhale ndi zazikulu zotere, nsomba ziwiri ndizokwanira kuti maso azidyetsa anthu khumi nthawi imodzi.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri komanso chosangalatsa kwa ma payars ndi awiriawiri a fangs owopsa. Amataya kunja kwa nsagwada yake ya pansi pa nkhope ya bulldog ndikukana mtima wofuna kuchotsa nsomba kuchokera mu mbedza ndi zala zopanda kanthu. Limodzi laiwo limawoneka, lachiwiri limabisidwa nsagwada litakulungidwa. Mwa anthu akuluakulu, mafangidwe owoneka ngati singano amafikira masentimita 10-15 kutalika. Popeza nkhonya ndizitali kwambiri, chilengedwe chimapereka malo awiri mchitseko chakumapeto komwe "chimayera" pomwe nyama yolusa imatseka pakamwa.
Mackerel hydrolytic amagwirira ndipo amadya nsomba iliyonse yomwe ili yaying'ono kuposa kukula kwake. Sanyansidwa ndi ma piranhas (Serrasalminae) ndipo amagwidwa ndi achthyologists podya congeners. Chifukwa cha kulipira kwa wolipira, nthawi zambiri imawagwiranso ngakhale nyama, yomwe ndi yayikulu kangapo kuposa iyo ndipo mwakuthupi siyitha kudya chifukwa champhamvu chilichonse. Chilombo chimenecho.
Biology ya Payar ili ndi mafunso omwe sanayankhidwe. Mwachitsanzo, sizikudziwika komwe zimayamba komanso momwe zimayambira. Zimadziwikabe chifukwa chake, akamasungidwa m'madzi am'madzi, nsomba izi zimakhala ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka chaka chimodzi, osatalikirapo pang'ono, ngakhale pazoyenera. Zifukwa sizikudziwikanso kuti pafupifupi zana limodzi la anthu omwe ali mu ukapolo amafa mosamveka atangofika masentimita 30 m'litali. Mwanjira ina, munjira zambiri akadali nsomba yododometsa. Koma tiyeni tibwerere kumadzi.
Dzuwa linali pafupifupi pamwamba pa chisoti pazama pake ndipo limaphikidwa bwino. Tinafika pamalo otsetsereka pansi pa madzi pomwe tili kumbuyo kwa dzanja lamanja la mtsinje. Anamanga bwatolo, natenga ndodo zokulungitsa komanso mabokosi okhala ndi zida za usodzi, adakhazikika malo asodzi. Inali yosavuta kudumphira, ngakhale inali pachiwopsezo chakugwera pamiyala yayikulu, imayendetsa ndi kutumizidwa ndi madzi kwa zaka chikwi. Pamwamba pa mwalawo panali potentha padzuwa mpaka kuwuma ngakhale iwo omwe anali atayamba kale kupindika. M'malo ena, m'lilime lamiyala ladenga ili pomwe mtsinje udawombedwa ndi phokoso, maiwe okuya amapangika, pomwe madzi amvula adakumana. Tchire losakhala losalala komanso losakhwima ndi mitengo idakwanitsa kumera ngakhale mumiyala pakati pa miyala. Nthochi zinayamba pafupifupi kumamita makumi asanu kumanzere, koma ngakhale pamenepo pafupifupi nthambi zonse zowuma zidadulidwa ndikuswedwa ndi Amwenye, omwe nthawi zambiri amayimilira pano usiku kuti asadutse mtsinje wamadzi ndikupitilira kumtunda kapena kumunsi kwa mtsinje.
Apanso, tidawonetsetsa kuti wotitsogolera atiwonetsa malo oyenera amisasa omwe ali pansi pa mtsinje. Tikadakhala kuti tikadayima pano, tikadapanda kusaka nkhuni.
M'mphepete mwathu komanso moyang'anizana, ma pe Indian angapo azaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu akusodza. Zachidziwikire, payaru. Kuphatikiza apo, mwa njira yosayenera kwambiri mdani woopsa, malinga ndi malonda omwewo. Adachita izi molakwika, ndikusunthidwa kolemekezeka ndipo - koposa zonse - molemerera. Kusintha kwawo kophweka konse kunali chimbudzi ndi ma boti mazana angapo a chingwe chokhotakhota chakumazungulira, kumapeto kwake komwe kutsogolo kwa theka la mita chitsulo kumangidwa, komanso nyambo yayikulu. Amuna ochokera m'miyalayo, pamlingo waukulu, adatumiza sipinara mita makumi asanu mkati mwamtsinje wokulira, wobowoka, ndikuyamba kuwusintha pang'onopang'ono.
Analibe kuluma paliponse, koma kamodzi kapena kawiri. Kuti atulutse nsomba imodzi amayenera kutaya maulendo angapo. Komabe, asodziwo adachita bwino, monga zimatsimikiziridwa ndi ndalama zolipirira theka la mita ndi mitu yawo yosweka m'magazi, yoponyedwa pamiyala. Maso awo anali osalala, mamba awo anatayika siliva, ndipo milomo ya toothy inali yosasangalatsidwa ndi mafangidwe akulu. Ntchentche ndi maula ang'onoang'ono atazungulira matupiwo, anakopeka ndi kununkhira kwa nyama, koma asodzi sanapereke chidwi ndi izi. Atamaliza kupha nsomba, amwenyewo adatola nyama zawo ndikabalalika kwinakwake. Mapeto ake, tidatsala tokha.
Monga mungaganizire, kuwedza kumeneku sikosiyana kwambiri ndi ena ambiri, ngakhale chochitika chilichonse chitha kuperekedwa mokongola komanso kumveka kwa mitsempha yomwe ili kumalire a chingwe cha gitala. Mwina sindimamva chilichonse chobisalira chomwe chimakhala ngati asodzi enieni.
Patatha maola opitilira awiri, kulumikizana kwathu kunkakhala ndi malipiro asanu ndi anayi pamakilogalamu awiri kapena atatu. Pakadali pano, anthu awiri otambalala komanso wolumikizidwa ndi nsomba adataika. Nyamayi ikaona kuti ili ndi kamwa yolusa mkamwa mwake, imayamba kuthamanga mwachangu komanso mwaluso kutuluka m'madzi, ndikupanga makandulo. Ngati zingwe zachitsulo kapena mzere wasodzi zatha kale, ndiye kuti nsomba zikadumpha zingapo zimatha kuzithyola. Poyamba, tidabweretsa miyala ku miyala mwanjira ya Amereka aku America ndi bolodi lamatabwa: sitinakhale ndi chidwi chobweretsa nyama yomenyedwayo ndi manja athu opanda mbedza. Ndipo kenako adapeza njira yothanirana ndi kuthana ndi nyama popanda kuwononga miyendo yawo.
Kuti tichite izi, tinapeza ndodo yopyapyala, ndikuyika m'ndende mbali imodzi ndikuboola matumba a nsomba zomwe zagwidwazo. Pa ndodo, adatengedwa kupita kumiyala ndikuyiyika pakatipa pakati pa miyala, komwe kunali mawonekedwe. Pokhala ndi mabatani owonongeka, olusa anagona kwa mphindi zitatu kapena zinayi, atasiya kuwomba pakamwa ndikugwetsa michira yawo. Chifukwa chomwe amwenye amakonda njira yankhanza komanso yopanda tanthauzo kuphera nsomba, sindikudziwa. Kugunda ndi batani pomenya ndi kuthamangitsa nyama pali mwayi wabwino wopha mzerewo kapena kuthyola nyambo kutuluka mkamwa. Zikuwoneka kuti, ndi mwambo chabe.
Zovuta pazomwe zili
Zovuta kwambiri. Yaikulu, yolusa, iyenera kusungidwa m'misika yayikulu, yamalonda.
Woyang'anira wamba wamba sangakwanitse, kusamalira ndi kusamalira hydro-hydrol.
Komanso, ngakhale atakhala bwino sizikhala zaka zoposa ziwiri, mwina chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ammonia ndi nitrate m'madzi a aquarium, komanso kusowa kwa magetsi okwanira.
Kudyetsa
Nyama wamba, imangodya chakudya chokhacho - nsomba, nyongolotsi, shrimp. Angadye fillet ya nsomba, nyama yosenda ndi ma feed ena, koma izi sizotsimikizika.
Payara ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri, yolusa, yomwe safuna madzi, koma dziwe. Ndipo amafunikira paketi, popeza chilengedwe chimakhala m'gulu la nsomba.
Ngati mukuyamba imodzi, khalani okonzeka kupereka voliyumu ya malita 2000, ndi kachitidwe koyeserera bwino kwambiri komwe kamayambitsa kutuluka kwamphamvu.
Kwenikweni, imachitikira pansi, koma imafunikira malo osambira ndikukongoletsa pogona. Amachita mantha ndipo ayenera kusamala ndikuyenda mosayembekezereka.
Nsomba ndiyotchuka chifukwa chodzivulaza pawokha panthawi yowopsa.
Kugwirizana
Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'masukulu, ali mu ukapolo amakonda magulu ang'onoang'ono. Malo abwino ndikusunga ma tetrate asanu ndi limodzi okhala ndi malo owerengeka kwambiri. Kapena m'modzi mu aquarium yaying'ono.
Zosokoneza ndipo zimatha kulimbana ndi nsomba zomwe sizingameze. Mitundu ina yomwe ikhoza kukhala ndi moyo iyenera kukhala ndi zida zankhondo, monga plecostomus kapena arapaima, koma ndibwino kuzisunga padera.
Genesis wa Nosferatu
Chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha anthu Padziko Lapansi, pafupifupi miliyoni aliyense okhala ku Europe, America ndi Asia, ali ndi matenda osadziwika bwino. Iye, monga olemba mbiri ena amakhulupirira masiku ano, chinali chifukwa chambiri chopanda nthano za ma vampires, "amoyo amoyo" ndi zolengedwa zina zopeka zomwe zimasautsa anthu usiku ndikumwalira masana.
Tikuyankhula za lotchedwa pigment xeroderma - nthenda yachilengedwe yachilendo yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mtundu wa DDB, XPC, ERCC komanso magawo ena a genome. Zonsezi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa zowonongeka zazing'ono mu DNA zomwe zimachitika nthawi yopuma imodzi ikawoneka mu helix yake yokhudzana ndi kugunda kwa ma ray a ultraviolet okhala ndi mamolekyulu osiyanasiyana mu cell.
Kusintha kwakang'ono kumeneku kumapangitsa kuwala kwa Dzuwa kukhala koopsa kwa anthu otere, chifukwa ngakhale kuyenda kwakanthawi pamsewu kumatha kupangitsa kuti maselo a khungu aphedwe ndikupangitsa kuti mitundu yambiri ya khansa ikhale yolimba kwambiri. Monga lamulo, onyamula amtundu wotere samakhala ndi moyo zaka 18, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa "ana a mwezi" kapena "ma vampires."
Folks ndi mnzake adapeza mwangozi mtundu wonse wa nyama zomwe zikuvutika ndi mavuto omwewo pophunzira mitundu ya nsomba yomwe imakhala m'malo osungirako mapanga. Ambiri aiwo adazolowera moyo wotere posachedwa, ndipo kafukufuku wa ma DNA awo, monga asayansi amayembekezera, amayenera kuwulula zinsinsi za momwe adasinthira komanso momwe masankhidwe achilengedwe amagwirira ntchito.
Machitidwe.ru
Vampire yotchedwa somic vampire imamva madzi akumwa ndi nsomba ina ndikusambira kudzera m'magawo. Nthawi yomweyo, imafalikira patuluka ndipo imadyetsa magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha yamagazi m'magazi. Amwenye amawona nsomba izi kukhala zowopsa kuposa ma piranhas. Ndipo pali zifukwa zabwino izi. Chifukwa amatha kusambira kufikira kutatseguka kwa maliseche, nyini kapena - palingaliro laling'ono - kulowa mbolo ya munthu wamaliseche kumayambitsa chikhodzodzo. Zimadyanso ndimagazi komanso ziwalo zoyandikana, zomwe zimatha kupweteka kwambiri. Vampire nsomba amapeza ozunzidwa ndi fungo lamadzi lotuluka m'matumbo, kapena kwa anthu, ndi fungo la mkodzo. Ma fangali oboola ngati mbedza amalepheretsa kuchotsa pamalo pomwe nsomba idalowamo.
Aquariums ndi zida
ExoticZoo Aquarium Online Store ikupereka masankhidwe ambiri amadzimadzi amitundu yonse ndi kukula kwake. Apa mutha kuyitanitsa aquarium yoperekera ku Ukraine pamtengo wotsika kwambiri. Tidzapeza khwawa loyenerera la aquarium, chivindikiro ndi mathalauza.
Kwa oyamba kumene ogwira ntchito pamadzi, timapereka zida za ku aquarium - ma aquariamu okhala ndi zida zonse zofunikira - fyuluta ya aquarium, chosakanizira, chowongolera kutentha (chotenthetsera), pampu (pampu), ndi kuyatsa.
Kusankhidwa kwakukulu kwa zokongoletsera za aquarium - zifuwa zamtengo wapatali, zombo zapamadzi, sitima zapamadzi, mapurasitiki ndi miyala yam'nyanja zam'nyanja, zipolopolo, nthaka yam'madziyi zithandiza kupanga mawonekedwe apansi pamadzi kukhala osazolowereka komanso oyamba.
Kuyambitsa aquarium ndikukhalabe ndi chilengedwe, mutha kugula zopimira, mayeso amadzi, mankhwala a nsomba za m'madzi, zopangira algae mu aquarium, feteleza wazomera.
Mu sitolo yathu nthawi zonse mumakhala zosankha zazikulu zam'madzi ndi zomera.
Popanda opaleshoni, nsomba za mphaka sizichotsedwa. Nthawi zambiri, machitidwewa amapita popanda zotsatira.Pachikhalidwe, timadziti timene timagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimayikidwa mwachindunji kumalo omwe amaphatikizira nsomba, zomwe nthawi yomweyo zimafa ndikuwola. Popanda thandizo la mankhwala, mlamba zotupa angachititse imfa. Somik nthawi akamwalira, chifukwa iye sangakhoze kutuluka thupi la munthu chifukwa munthu si mwini ankaikira kandiry a.
Nthawi zambiri, ndikusamba ndi okhala m'deralo, kuti ateteze ku candiru, amuna amamanga malaya, ndipo azimayi amavala mitengo ikuluikulu yosambira yopangidwa kuchokera ku zipolopolo za coconut kapena ulusi wamanja, ndipo komwe nkhunda zambiri zimakhala, amapewanso kulowa m'madzi. Ngakhale Candiru ndi undemanding ya kamwedwe mpweya, izo sangathe kukhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali mu chikhodzodzo ndi ducts nyama lapansi.
Mu 1941, nkhani za Candyra linasindikizidwa mu Journal American wa Opaleshoni. Olembawo - Kenneth Winton ndi Hugh Stickler - adati amwenyewo adabwera ndi njira yochotsera nsomba. Am'deralo kupanga zikuchokera wapadera ku zipatso za mtengo deciduous wa jagua lapansi. Likukhalira ndi chakumwa acidic kuti amachotsa ludzu bwino ndipo amati amathandiza kuchotsa candiru. Nsombazo zimasiyira nyama yake maola angapo. Izo basi sadziwa ndithu ndi.
Pali mitundu itatu waukulu wa nsomba Kandiru. Awa ndi a Candira, amakula mpaka kukula kwa chala, Candira, amakula mpaka kukula kwa dzino, ndipo Candira omasulira, akudya nsomba zakufa. Ngakhale Kandiru miimba moyo mu mtsinje, ngati miimba ambiri sachita ngati dzuwa ndipo amakonda kukumba mu matope ndi mchenga wa pansi mtsinje pansi miyala ndi chikuni choyandama.
Mackerel-ngati hydrolytic, nsomba ya vampire kapena payara (lat. Hydrolycus scomberoides), ngakhale ndizochepa, imapezeka m'mizinda yam'madzi, ngakhale ili ndi kukula komanso mawonekedwe. Uku ndi kudya mwachangu komanso mwaukali, ingoyang'ana pakamwa pake pongokwanira kuti kukayikira konse kuthere. Mano otere sawoneka kawirikawiri pakati pa nsomba zam'madzi, osati ngati pakati pa madzi abwino.
Nsomba za Vampire zimameza omwe amazunzidwa, nthawi zina zimang'amba zazing'onoting'ono.
Imakula kwambiri, mpaka masentimita 120, ndipo imatha kulemera makilogalamu 20, ngakhale anthu okhala m'madzi samakhala osaposa masentimita 75. Dzinalo la sayansi ndi mackerel ngati hydrolytic, koma limatchuka kwambiri pansi pa mayina a payara ndi vampire nsomba, limadziwikanso kuti sabra-toothed tetra.
Vampire nsomba, payara kapena saber-imodzi tetra
Chilombo chachikulu chokhala ndi mano akulu - totra-toothed tetra kapena payara, wotchedwa mzukwa nsomba . Mwachidule wina pa mzukwa ukusonyeza kufanana kwake mmodzi wa wakupha zotsangalatsa toothy wa nthawi zonse. Zaka 400 miliyoni zapitazo, palibe mbodzi wamadzi yemwe akanatha kupulumuka atakumana ndi chilombo chachikuluchi - Dunkleosteem. Anakwanitsa mamita 6 m'litali ndipo anali mmodzi wa oyamba yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda mano, lakuthwa ngati lezala. Ndipotu, anali mbali ya Chibade cha. Masiku ano, mano oyipa kwambiri a prehistoric amatha kuwoneka mu nsomba za vampire, ngakhale kuti si mbadwa yachindunji ya duncleostea. Iye akhoza kutsegula pakamwa pake lonse ndi kudya nyama wofanana theka kukula wake, kotero Payara ndi woopsa kwambiri. Payara udachita dzina lake - ndi mzukwa nsomba chifukwa cha awiri mano 5-centimeter-yaitali Chigawenga kukula kwa nsagwada m'munsi. Pakusunthira chingwe, nsomba imathanso kugwira nyama yake yayitali m'mphepete mwake. Kulumidwa ndi enameled - ndi chinthu chovuta kwachilengedwenso padziko lapansi. The dzino masamba zibisika mkati m'matumba ili mu chigaza cha. Payara amatenga malupanga amenewa pokhapokha ngati pali nkhondo yamagazi. The streamlined mawonekedwe a Payara kwa mchira mutu Zikuoneka kuti analengedwa pa chitukuko pazipita umatha zolusa. The payara ali nsagwada yopapatiza ndi thupi yopapatiza kusuntha mofulumira mu malo m'madzi.
Mikango
Lionfish - zolusa nsomba amakhala madzi otentha ya Indian ndi Pacific - gombe la China, Japan ndi Australia. Iwo ali mmodzi wa nsomba wokongola kwambiri mu dziko. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo ndi pafupifupi 30 cm, kulemera kumafika pa 1 kg. The lionfish ali maliboni lalitali la dorsal ndi pectoral zipsepse imene lakuthwa masingano chakupha zibisika. The jekeseni singano izi ndi zopweteka kwambiri. Kupweteka kwakuthwa kumatsatiridwa ndikukulira kwa vutoli, komwe kumatha ndi kufooka kwa mafupa ndi minofu yam'mapapo. Ngati wovulalayo si yomweyo anakoka kumtunda, iye adzawonongedwa.
Zamagetsi njoka yam'madzi ndi nsomba (ngakhale dzina) kuti amakhala mitsinje mu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa South America, komanso makhwawa a Amazon. Yapezeka kumayiko monga Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname ndi Venezuela. Pafupifupi kutalika akulu ndi 1-1.5 m, dziko lalikulu kwambiri toyesa ndi odziwika wafika pafupifupi atatu mamita m'litali. Avereji ya kulemera - mpaka makilogalamu 20 (pazipita - 45 kg). Eel yamagetsi ikhoza kutulutsa kutulutsa komwe kukuchitika kwa 300-650 V komanso mphamvu ya 0.1-1 A. Magetsi awa sangathe kupha munthu, koma amapweteka kwambiri.
Big nyalugwe nsomba ndi mitundu lalikulu madzi oyera zolusa nsomba moyo pakati komanso kumadzulo kwa Africa, mu beseni wa Congo ndipo Lualaba mitsinje, komanso nyanja ya Upemba ndi Tanganyika. nsomba limakula kwa 1.5 mamita m'litali ndi kufika kulemera kwa makilogalamu 50. Ku Congo, milandu yokhudza kubedwa kwa nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zaanthu imanenedwa. Malinga m'deralo, ili ndi nsomba okha amene sakuopa wa ng'ona.
Bagarius yarrelli ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba zazikulu opezeka mitsinje ya Asia South. Amapezeka kumayiko monga Bangladesh, India, China (Yunnan Province) ndi Nepal. Chimakula kwa 2 m m'litali ndi akulemera makilogalamu oposa 90. M'midzi atatu pa magombe a mtsinje Sarda ku Nepal ndi India, pakati pa 1998 ndi 2007, apo analembedwa milandu matenda nsomba pa anthu amene nthawi zambiri limadzetsa imfa.
Malo achisanu ndi chimodzi mndandanda wa nsomba zoopsa kwambiri amakhala ndi a Snakehead - mtundu wa nsomba zazikulu zam'madzi zokhala m'madzi a Vietnam, Indonesia, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia ndi India. Iwo kukula m'litali mpaka mamita 1.3 ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 20. Iwo ali ndithu voracious ndi mwamakani. Nyama ikuwombedwa kuchokera kwa wobisalira.
Chachisanu malo mu mndandanda wa nsomba zambiri zoopsa dziko ndi warty - ndi zolusa nyanja nsomba ndi spikes chakupha pamsana pake. Pafupifupi kutalika njerewere ndi 35-50 cm. Iwo amakhala moti matanthwe pa kuya pafupifupi 30 mamita mu Indian ndi Pacific. Amadziwika kuti ndi nsomba zoyipa kwambiri padziko lapansi. ululu wake chimayambitsa kupweteka, mantha, ziwalo ndi kuwatsogolera imfa ya zimakhala. Anthu, mlingo waukulu wa poizoni akhoza chakupha.
Piranhas ndi nsomba zam'madzi zambiri (zopitilira 50) zomwe zimakhala m'mitsinje ndi m'malo ena aku South America. Zafika kutali mpaka 30 cm ndi kulemera kwa kilogalamu a. About 30-35 mitundu piranhas kudya zomera za m'madzi ndi zipatso kuti agwera m'madzi, 28-30 mitundu zikusonyeza adani. Ali ndi nsagwada zamphamvu ndi mano akuthwa. Iwo amatsutsa nsomba ndi nyama zina, kuphatikizapo anthu. Kapangidwe ka nsagwada m'munsi ndi mano amalola piranhas kugwetsera zidutswa lalikulu la nyama nyama. Gulu la piranhas m'mphindi zochepa litha kuwononga chinyama chonse cholemera 50 kg.
Brown puffer - mtundu wa nsomba ku banja la pufferfish. Iwo amakhala mu nyanja ndi brackish madzi a kumpoto cha kumadzulo kwa Pacific Ocean. Kula mpaka 80 cm. zam'mimba ake (makamaka chiwindi ndi mazira) ndi poizoni kwambiri ndipo muli tetrodotoxin, amene ngakhale pa mlingo ang'ono ndi kumapha anthu. Ngakhale izi, kwa nsomba kuti nthawi zambiri pokonzekera mbale chikhalidwe zakudya Japanese - Fugu. Pakati pa 2004-2007, anthu 15 adamwalira, ndipo anthu pafupifupi 115 adagonekedwa m'chipatala atalawa izi.
Zolusa nsomba ambiri m'dzikoli ndi nsomba ya makerele ngati hydrolytic kapena "mzukwa nsomba" - mtundu wa nsomba zolusa kuti moyo mu Amazon ndi Orinoco mabeseni mtsinje Venezuela. Iwo akhoza kukula kwa kutalika masentimita 117 ndi kulemera makilogalamu 17,8. Chodziwika kwambiri cha nsomba ya vampire ndi kupsa mtima kwake ndi ma fangura awiri ataliatali ochokera kunsagwada yam'munsi. mano awa akhoza kufika kutalika 10-15 cm. A nsomba ya makerele woboola pakati hydrolytic wakudya pafupifupi nsomba iliyonse kuti n'chochepa kukula, kuphatikizapo piranhas ndi zina zotero.
Share mu chikhalidwe. maukonde
A nsomba mzukwa, kapena nsomba ya makerele ngati hydrolytic (balati Hydrolycus scomberoides.), Ali modabwitsa lakuthwa saber ngati mano. Mano pa nsagwada m'munsi kufika kutalika 15 masentimita. Iwo ali yakusatetezeka lalikulu iwo kulowa mabowo wapadera pamalo nsagwada chapamwamba.
Dzina lasayansi la genus Hydrolycus limapangidwa ndi mawu achi Greek akuti hydro ndi lykos, kutanthauza madzi ndi nkhandwe.
nsomba madzi oyera wa banja Cynodontidae kwa dongosolo Characiformes. Choyamba anafotokoza mu 1819 ku France zachilengedwe Georges Leopold Cuvier.
Ku Latin America, amadziwika kuti payara, chambira, kapena nsomba za mdierekezi (pez diablo). Mu Chirasha mabuku, amangonena kuti ndi saber-imodzi tetra. nyama yake ali otsika kulawa, kotero, zilibe phindu malonda.
Goliyati kapena nsomba yayikulu
Pali nthano ndi African za chilombo kukula kwa munthu amene amapha zonse mu njira yake. Choncho kunena za goriath wamkulu wagogo . anthu ambiri ngozi kugwira izo, ndipo anthu ngakhale ochepa kutsindikiza mwachigwira ichi. nsomba Large kambuku ali kuderako ku Congo Mtsinje. Pankhondo iyi amakakamizidwa kuti akhale akulu, apo ayi akadadyedwa. Kukhala ogwirira voracious zimadya, iwo akhoza kufika kulemera kwa makilogalamu 50, koma pang'ono amadziwika za nsomba chisawawa.
Ndizodziwika kuti. Ena akatswiri amati akamafika zamitundu ngakhale lalikulu - 2m m'litali, 70kg kulemera. Izi zonse ndikuthokoza mano opangidwa kuti aphe. Nsagwada ndi mano a nsomba lalikulu kambuku zimasonyeza kuti kudya nsomba zina. lumo-lakuthwa awo mano ndi zibwano mukhoza kudzawatenga ndi chipika lalikulu akuvutika chisawawa. Amagawana mtengo wabanja ndi piranha wodziwika bwino. Ili ndi gulu wakale wa nsomba, yakhala ikusintha kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri. Ndipo ngati piranhas kwambiri, pakamwa lowopsya la nsomba Goliyati akufanana ndi chimbalangondo msampha. Pali mpikisano wolimba mu mtsinje wa Congo, ndipo chida chofananacho chimathandizira kukola ndi kugwira nyama yayikulu. Ngakhale asodzi bravest amawaona adani oopsa. mano ake spiky kuyang'ana ngati nsombazo.
Komabe, kupulumuka kwa nsomba zazikulu za tiger ndi zimphona zina zamadzi oyera nthawi yayitali nthawi zambiri kumakhala koopsezedwa ndi chinthu chimodzi - kupha nsomba. Zachilengedwe tsopano kuthandiza asayansi ndi boma kupeza gwero zina mwa zakudya kwa m'madera kupereka izi chinsomba-imodzi mwayi uliwonse.
Ndikufuna nkhani zina zosangalatsa? Tili nawo! Amamvera zosintha ndipo mudzakhala osangalala :) Mukhoza kudziwa za ife pa Intaneti ntchito mabatani yoyenera, ndipo mudzakhala doubly osangalala :)
Nsombazi zimakhala m'mitsinje ikuluikulu ya South America, makamaka ku Orinoco ndi Amazon. Amakonda mitsinje yoyera yokhala ndi mafunde othamanga komanso madzi otentha, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo ozama a rapids, m'munsi mwa malo amadzi, pomwe pamakhala chipwirikiti chambiri.
- Migwirizano ndi zokwaniritsa:
- Voliyumu ya Aquarium ndi ku malita 2000.
- Kutentha - 24-27 ° C
- PH phindu 6.0-8.0
- Madzi kuuma - 5-15 dGH
- Mtundu wa gawo lapansi - lamwala
- Kuyatsa - zolimbitsa
- Brackish madzi - palibe
- Kuyenda kwamadzi ndi kwamphamvu
- Kukula - kuposa mita
- Chakudya - Small Nsomba
- Chiyembekezo chamoyo - pafupifupi zaka ziwiri ali mu ukapolo
Kufalitsa
malo okhala lili Amazon ndi Orinoco mitsinje. nsomba Vampire zimapezeka Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru ndi Bolivia.
Ochuluka kwambiri amakhala mkamwa mwa mitsinje ya Tapazhos, Araguaya ndi Tokantis, yomwe ndi misonkho ya Amazon. The toyesa waukulu anakhudzidwa mu Mtsinje Paraguay ku Venezuela. Mu 1966, chimphona yolemera makilogalamu 17,8 ndi masentimita 108 yaitali anakwatulidwa pafupi ndi Uraima Island.
Vampire nsomba ndiofala m'malo otentha, pomwe madziwo amatentha mpaka 24 ° -28 ° C.
Khalidwe
Oimira mitundu kuthetsa zambiri mu mitsinje mofulumira madzi pafupi mathithi, pang'ono pokha zambiri pafupi mchenga imene ili pafupi ndi madzi anasefukira m'madera a m'nkhalango. Azolowera kukhala ndi nyonga yamphamvu, ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, chifukwa chake amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi mafani asodzi a masewera. Kupulumuka ya zoopsa ngati amafuna see wapadera ndiponso kupirira kwa asodzi.
A nsomba ya makerele woboola pakati hydrolytic amasankha matupi a madzi ndi woyera ndipo ngati n'kotheka, madzi mandala. Amakhala yekhayekha, nthawi zina amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kuti akasaka pamodzi.
The mdani ndi zodabwitsa voracious ndi akuukira cholengedwa chilichonse kuti n'chochepa kuposa kukula kwake. Kuwonjezera zosiyanasiyana nsomba, adya achule, nkhanu, mphutsi waterfowl. Maziko a chakudya ndi nsomba zochepa. chikondi makamaka amayanja (Pygocentrus nattereri), agwilitse ambiri menyu tsiku ndi tsiku.
Vampire nsomba mosavuta wawononga akuvutika amene zamitundu ali wofanana ndi kutalika theka la thupi lake. Amangodikirira nyama nthawi yakuya kwa 3-5 m.
Kuswana
Msinkhu kumachitika pamene thupi kufika kutalika kuposa 27 cm. Nsomba ya makerele-mphako hydrolytics zimaswana mu nthawi kuchokera October kuti April, pamene mvula akudutsa mu malo awo ndi madzi limatuluka kwambiri mu matupi madzi. Pa nthawi iyi, acidity chilengedwe m'madzi ranges ku pH 6-7.5.
Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zimayikira mazira kuyambira Disembala mpaka February. Mazira kuthamangira za mu ndime madzi ndipo amatha kutengeka pa mtunda wautali. awiri awo pafupifupi 1 mm.
Kutengera ndi kukula kwake, mkazi m'modzi amatha kubereka mazira 50 mpaka 300,000.
Aswa mphutsi chakudya pa yaing'ono nyama zonse zopanda mafupa madzimadzi. Palibe zolondola zokhudza chitukuko kuthengo. Muukapolo, nsomba za vampire zimaberekanso kawirikawiri.
Hedgehog nsomba
Nsomba yachilendo amakhala ku madzi ofunda mwa miyala otentha matanthwe. Powona zoopsa, amapindika ndikukhala mpira wokutidwa ndi mate.
spikes Awa ndi vuto lalikulu kwa anthu. bathers osasamalira mwina pokha. Ndikofunikira kupereka chisamaliro chamankhwala pompopompo, chifukwa munthu akafa.
Khungu ndi ziwalo za m'kati mwa nsomba yachilendo muli poizoni poizoni, kotero kudya ali osavomerezeka.
Nsomba ndi wochedwa ndi pang'onopang'ono, nchifukwa chake mchikakamizo cha mafunde madzi zingakhale m'madera kutali malo okhala.
Amadziwika kuti nsomba ya vampire, mwina nsomba zowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa amatha kudya piranha.
Komanso, ali mmodzi mwa madzi oyera nsomba kovuta, zomwe zimachititsa kuti otchuka pakati njuga okonda nsomba. Pamene kunagwa mbedza kapena spinner, iye mwachangu chimatsutsana ankafuna kumukokera kunja kwa madzi.
Zoyang'anira zimakula kupitirira mita imodzi ndipo zimalemera kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 17 kilogalamu. Chochititsa chidwi ndi nsomba ndi mano lakuthwa ili mu nsagwada m'munsi. Chifukwa cha iwo, iye ali ndi dzina lakuti "mzukwa nsomba" koma iye alibe kumwa magazi.
Madokota
Ife kumaliza pamwamba wathu wa nsomba kwambiri yoopsa ndi nthumwi ya banja stingray. The spiktail amathera nthawi yake pansi, anaikidwa mu mchenga.
Mitundu iyi ya moyo wam'madzi ndizowopsa kwa anthu. Ndi kukwera lakuthwa, ndi wokhoza kubaya khungu, ndipo ululu anamasulidwa amachititsa cramping ziwalo ndi zingachititse kuti imfa.
Akuluakulu amakula mamita 1.8 m'litali, ndi zimphona ngati kulemera kwa makilogalamu 30. Mimbulu imadyera ma crustaceans, mollusks, ndipo poizoni amangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitetezo. Kawirikawiri m'madzi chilombo yokha amakhala kapolo wa nsombazo.
Pomaliza
Monga mukuonera, nyanja, nyanja ndi mitsinje ndizodzazidwa ndi anthu oopsa, msonkhano umene ndi osafunika kwa anthu. Nsomba zowopsa kwambiri zimapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana papulaneti lathu lodabwitsa, ndipo akamasaka amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zowonongera, kuchokera ku ma fangs akuthwa mpaka kugwedezeka kwamagetsi.
Nthawi zonse samalani pamene kuyendera pogwiritsa mwanyanja ndi kusambira mu mitsinje ndi mayiwe, chifukwa kukumana aliyense ndi nsomba pa mndandanda angakhale zoopsa.
Matenda nsomba
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mikhalidwe yosayenera yomangidwa (kuchuluka kwa madzi, kusowa kwa malo, kuipitsidwa kwa organic, ndi zina).e.), kuperekera komwe pamlingo wovomerezeka ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ngakhale ali ndi nyengo zabwino, nsomba izi sizikhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka zopitilira 2.