Puma ndi nthumwi yabwino kwambiri yabanja la mphaka, ikuwoneka mwamphamvu, chisomo komanso kukongola kwake. Kwa zaka zambiri izi ...

Puma ndi nthumwi yabwino kwambiri yabanja la mphaka, ikuwoneka mwamphamvu, chisomo komanso kukongola kwake. Kwa zaka zambiri, nyama yolusa imeneyi yakhala ikufuna chidwi cha akatswiri azachilengedwe. Kodi phokaloli limakhala kuti, ndipo ndimphaka iti yomwe imatsogolera?

Kumene amakondwerero, komwe ma cougar amakhala

Puma, yemwenso amatchedwa cougar kapena mkango wa siliva, pamodzi ndi nkhandwe yowoneka, ndiye amamuwuza ngati mdani woyamba wa banja lokhalitsa ku America. Madera omwe amapangidwako amakhala pafupifupi dziko lonse lapansi. Zaka zambiri zapitazo, ma cougars ankakhala kudera lomwe kumwera kwa Argentina masiku ano ndikufika ku Alaska ndi Canada.

Mitundu yamakono ya nyama yachepa kwambiri: imatha kupezeka kumpoto ndi South America, ndipo kumpoto kwa dziko nyamayo sikhala kulikonse, koma kumadzulo kokha ndi ku Florida. Cordars sakonda mtunda wakumpoto ndipo amakonda kukhala m'mapiri, kupewa zipululu, ngakhale kuti amatha kukhala m'madambo, madera kapena madambo. Cougars amakhalanso m'malo otentha otentha.

Kafukufuku wambiri wachititsa kuti mbalame zam'madzi zam'mimbamo zimakhala komwe kumagulitsa nyama zazikazi zamtchire. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa izi ndizitsamba zazikulu zofunafuna nyama yamkango yasiliva.

Mu ufumu wamakono wa nyama, pali mitundu ingapo ya 6 ya ma cougars, 5 mwa iwo amakhala ku Latin America. Amphaka omwe amakhala m'malo otetezeka a North America amatchedwa subspecies aku North America. Ku Argentina, mkango womwe umadziwika kuti wa ku mapiri ku Argentina umakhala, pafupi ndi Costa Rica pali gulu lina laling'ono kwambiri, lomwe silingathe kupikisana ndi mpikisano. Palinso mitundu ingapo ya ku South America ya ma cougars omwe amakhala ku Peru, Venezuela, Colombia, ndi kumpoto kwa Brazil.

Kufotokozera, kukula ndi kutalika kwa moyo

Mikango yama silvery imatha kutalika kwa 2 m, ndipo kutalika kufota kwa mita 1. Anthu akuluakulu amalemera makilogalamu 80-100 (amuna) ndi 50 kg (zazikazi). Chovala cha chimbalangondo ndichachifupi komanso chaching'ono, chili ndi utoto wofiirira. Poterepa, gawo lam'mwamba la mphaka ndilamdima kwambiri kuposa m'munsi, ndipo matuwa akuda amawonekera m'makutu ndi kupukutira.

Ziphuphu zokhala ndi mano olimba ndi nsagwada, zimachokera kwa iwo, monga lamulo, kuti mutha kudziwa zaka za mdani. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yayikulupo kuposa yakutsogolo, yomwe imathandiza mtengo wamiyala kumadumphira nthambi ndi nthambi. Malingaliro awo akum'mbuyo ali ndi zala zinai, pomwe kutsogolo kumakhala ndi zisanu.

Chingwe cholimba komanso chachitali chimawathandiza kuti azikhala bwino akudumpha. Kutalika kwa kulumpha kwa mphaka kumatha kukhala 7 m, ndipo kutalika kwa mamita 2. Pofunafuna nyama, ma cougars amatha kuthamanga mpaka 50 km / h. Kuthengo, phokosoli likhala ndi moyo zaka pafupifupi 20.

Khalidwe la predator

Ziphuphuzi zimangokhala zokha, pokhapokha, tikulankhula za mabanja omwe atsala pang'ono kubereka. Koma ngakhale zofananira zotere zimasokonekera pambuyo pa umuna wachikazi, ndipo amphaka amabwerera kwawo kwayekha.

Nyama zikuluzikuluzi zimagwira usiku ndi usana, koma nyama nthawi zambiri madzulo. Madera omwe amawaona kuti ndi awo, miyala yamiyala imayala ndi mkodzo komanso mitengo yopanda.

Kukula ndi kuyenda zimawalola kukwera mosavuta nthambi zazitali kwambiri za mitengo, kusaka anyani. Sizingakhale zovuta kuti mdani uyu agwire ngakhale nthiwatiwa yothamanga ndi nanda. Kuthengo, nyama yamphongo ilibe mdani, nyama yodwala yokha ndiyo imakhala nyama yotchedwa gaguar, alligator kapena mimbulu. Ziphuphu munjira zonse zotheka kupewa munthu ndikumamuwopseza ndi chiwopsezo chokha kuchokera kwa omwe ali ndi miyendo iwiri.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zachilengedwe

Malo osaka pum ndi ochulukirapo ndipo akhoza kukhala 100-700 km2. Pomwe akusaka, phangayo limabisalira ndipo mwadzidzidzi limadumphiratu nyama. Zimakhala zovuta kuti athe kupirira ndi nyama zazikulu, mwachitsanzo, ng'ombe zamphongo. Chifukwa chake, wotsogola amapusitsa, pogwiritsa ntchito chinthu chodabwitsacho. Pamwambapo pali nyama, nyanjayo imakanikizira kukhosi ndi kumbuyo kwake ndi kulemera kwake konse. Mphaka wamkulu amatha kudzikera pakhosi la wovutikayo kapena kuthyola khosi lake ndi kukakamiza kwa thupi lake. Komabe, mkango wamapiri sutsutsa nyama zazing'ono.

Nyama zotsatirazi zimaphatikizidwanso m'zakudya zazikulu:

• mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakhwala,
• mbewa, akalulu,
• ma coyote, lynxes,
• maphokoso, osalala,
• zopopera, ma bea,
• agologolo, achamba, ma skunki.

Panthawi yanjala, ma cougars amatha kuchita zansanje podya abale awo.

Ngati ndi kotheka, phirili limathandizanso kudya mbalame, nsomba, nkhono kapena tizilombo. Mphaka wopanda mantha, amasaka, amathamangira zimbalangondo zachikulire ndi zodulira. Cougar sasiyanitsa nyama zamtchire ndi zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi anthu, chifukwa chake zimatha kusaka nkhuku kapena ziweto. Ngakhale amphaka kapena agalu amatha kugwa pansi pa dzanja lamkango la siliva.

Kodi mumadziwa? Pachaka, chakudya chamunthu mmodzi wamkulu chimatha kudya kuchokera ku 860 mpaka 1300 kg ya nyama. Muchilengedwe chonse, munthu wofanana ndi 50 osabera. Ma cougars ali ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe owononga kupanga ndi malire, i.e. kuchulukitsa zomwe amafunikira kuti akwaniritse njala yawo. Amwenye omwe adadziwa izi adayang'anitsitsa nyama yomwe idagwirayo, ndikuchotsa masewera omwe adawakwirira. Komabe, omalizirawa nthawi zambiri amakhala osakhudzidwa.

Mawonekedwe

Puma ndiye fulu wachinayi padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo chachiwiri ku America, nyalugwe, mkango ndi jaguar ndizokulirapo. Mphakayu amafikira kutalika kwa 100-180 cm, ndi mchira kutalika kwa 60-75 masentimita, kutalika kwake kufota kwa 60-90 cm ndi kulemera kwa ma kilogalamu 105 (amuna). Wamphongo wamba wamwamuna wamba wamtundu waukulu wolemera makilogalamu 60-80. Akazi ndi ochepera 20-30% kuposa amuna.

Thupi lamphangalo limasinthasintha komanso kutalika, miyendo ndiyotsika, mutu ndizochepa. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yayikulu kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo. Mchirawo ndi wautali, wopanda minyewa, wogawana bwino.

Mawaya ndi otakata, okhala ndi mawoko akuthwa othinkhana, zala zinayi zamiyendo inayi, ndi mikono yakutsogolo 5. Zikwangwani zobwezeretsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukoka ndi kugwira nyama, komanso kukwera mitengo. Mapiritsi azala zam'manja ndizovunda, pa chidendene pali mabatani atatu osiyana - chinthu chodziwika kwa amphaka onse.

Chumbayo ali ndi mano makumi atatu: ma incisors, 6 canines, 6 (kumtunda) ndi 4 (pamunsi) underolar ndi 2 molars pa nsagwada. Fomula wamano: I 3 3 C 1 1 P 3 2 M 1 1 = 30 chiwonetsero I <3 kupitilira 3> C <1 pa 1> P <3 kupitilira 2> M <1 kupitirira 1> = 30 >. Mafangayi aatali amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwira nyama komanso kubaya khungu ndi minofu, zofunikira zazing'ono zimathandizira kuchotsa ubweya kapena nthenga kuchokera kwa nyama. Mano olimba amphaka amtunduwu amasinthidwa kuti azing'amba minyewa yolimba ndikuphwanya mafupa.

Mkhalidwe wamano ndichimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu zodziwira zaka za mphaka. Mano a mkaka m'miyala amayamba kuphulika ndi miyezi 4 ya moyo. Mano okhazikika amayamba kuphulika ndi miyezi 6-8, ndipo pofika zaka 1.5-2 zimayamba kuphulika. Ndi zaka, ma fangil ndi ma incisor amapera kwambiri ndikuchita khungu.

Ubweya wa pumas ndi wokulirapo, koma waufupi komanso wozungulira. Pamodzi ndi jaguarundi, mitengo ya cougars ndi amphaka okha aku America omwe amapakidwa utoto womwewo, motero dzina la asayansi lautunduwu konkriti, omwe amamasulira kuchokera ku Latin kuti "monochrome". Akuluakulu, ma pazi ndimtundu wonyezimira kapena wonyezimira achikaso, mbali yakumbuyo ya thupi ndi yopepuka kuposa kumtunda. Mwambiri, mtundu wa ma pumas umafanana ndi mtundu wa agulu awo, agulu. Pali zikwangwani zoyera pa chifuwa, pakhosi ndi m'mimba mwa chimbudzi, zilembo zakuda pamphuno, makutu akuda, mchira wokhala ndi nsonga yakuda. Zinyalala zochokera kumalo otentha ndizochepa komanso zowongolera, pomwe mitengo ya kumpoto imachita imvi.

Mtundu wa ma cougars achichepere ndi wosiyana ndi mtundu wa achikulire. Tsitsi lawo limakhala lokwera, yokutidwa ndi malo amdima, mikwingwirima kutsogolo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo, ndi mphete kumiyala. Ziphuphu zatsopano zimatsegula maso awo patatha masabata awiri atabadwa. Poyamba, amakhala ndi khungu lamaso abuluu, koma pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi limasinthira kukhala bulauni kapena amber. Mawanga pa ubweya amayamba kutha pambuyo pa miyezi 9 ya moyo, ndipo amazimiririka pakatha zaka ziwiri.

Amadziwika kuti miyala yoyera komanso yoyera, komanso yamtundu wakuda, imapezeka makamaka ku Latin America (omalizawo adafotokozedwa ndi J. Buffon monga couguar noire) Albino cordars ndi melancts sizikudziwika zachilengedwe.

Ntchito Zogawa ndi Magulu Aang'ono

Pakalepo, ma puma akhala ali wamkulu kwambiri mwa zolengedwa zonse zam'madzi ku America. Ngakhale pakadali pano, pankhani ya kutalika, puma ndiyofanana (kuchokera kumayendedwe) pokhapokha ndi mtundu wamba, trot wofiira, mphaka wa m'nkhalango ndi nyalugwe. Poyamba, ziphuphu zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse kuyambira kumwera kwa Patagonia mpaka kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Alaska, dera lomwe amagawidwenso limagwirizana molingana ndi mtundu wake wa nyama yake yayikulu - agwape osiyanasiyana. Tsopano ku United States ndi Canada, nkhokwezi zimasungidwa makamaka kumapiri akumadzulo. Kumpoto kwa North America, gululi lidawonongedwa kwathunthu, kupatula ochepa anthu wamba Puma concolor coryi ku Florida.

Pakadali pano, dera la puma limafikira kutalika kwa 100 ° - kuchokera ku Yukon (Canada) mpaka kumwera, ndikufikira pafupifupi South America yonse mpaka ku Patagonia.

Maubwenzi a Cougar

Magulu akalewo, pamakhalidwe omwe adasungidwa mpaka 1999, adagawa masamba 24-30 a phokoso:

• Puma concolor acrocodia - kuchokera kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Mato Grosso kupita ku Bolivia ndi kumpoto kwa Argentina,
• Puma concolor anthonyi - kumwera kwa Venezuela,
• Puma concolor araucanus - Chile ndi Argentina,
• Puma concolor azteca - kuchokera ku Arizona ndi New Mexico kupita ku Mexico City,
• Puma concolor bangsi, wopezeka kumpoto kwa Andes, kuchokera kumadzulo kwa Colombia kupita ku Ecuador,
• Puma concolor browni - kuchokera ku Arizona kupita ku Baja California (Mexico),
• Puma concolor calvivica, wopezeka ku California ndi kumpoto kwa Baja California,
• Puma concolor concoror - makamaka Venezuela, Guyana,
• Florida Cougar ( Puma concolor coryi ) ochokera ku Arkansas ndi Louisiana kupita ku Florida,
• Costa Rican Cougar ( Puma concolor costaricensis) amapezeka ku Central America, kuyambira ku Nicaragua kupita ku Panama,
• Cougar wam'mawa ( Puma concolor couguar) adapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa United States komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Canada, kuyambira Tennessee mpaka kum'mawa kwa Michigan,
• Puma concolor discolor - Amazonia,
• Puma kota hippolestes - kuchokera North Dakota kupita ku Wyoming ndi Colado,
• Puma konsoror mercera - Kumwera kwa Baja California
• Puma concolor incarum - kumpoto kwa Peru ndi kumwera kwa Ecuador,
• Puma concolor kaibabensis - Nevada, Utah ndi Northern Arizona,
• Puma concolor mayensis - kuchokera ku Guerrero ndi Veracruz (Mexico) kupita ku Honduras,
• Puma concolor missoulensis - kuchokera ku British Columbia kupita ku Idaho ndi Montana,
• Puma concolor oregonensis - kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Briteni, Washington ndi Oregon,
• Puma concolor osgoodi, ku Bolivia Andes,
• Puma concolor patagonica - Patagonia,
• Puma concolor pearsoni - Patagonia ndi kumwera kwa Chile,
• Puma concolor pumaopezeka pakati pa Chile ndi kumadzulo kwa Argentina,
• Puma concolor soderstromiMabungwe othandizira ku Ecuadorian
• Puma concolor shorgeri - kuchokera ku Minnesota ndi ku Wisconsin kupita ku Kansas ndi Missouri (kutayika),
• Puma concolor stanleyana - kuchokera ku Oklahoma ndi Texas kupita kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Mexico,
• Puma concolor vancouverensis, subspecies za. Vancouver

Gulu lamakono

Gulu lamakono, malinga ndi kafukufuku wamtundu, limasiyanitsa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya phangalo, yomwe ikuphatikizidwa ndi magulu 6 a phylogeographic:

• Puma concolor couguar - North America (kuchokera kumwera kwa Canada kupita ku Guatemala ndi Belize),
• Puma concolor costaricensis - Central America (Nicaragua, Costa Rica ndi Panama),
• Puma concolor capricornensis - kum'mawa kwa South America (kuchokera pagombe lakumwera kwa Amazon ku Brazil kupita ku Paraguay),
• Puma concolor concoror - Kumpoto kwa South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia),
• Puma concolor cabrerae - chigawo chapakati ku South America (kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Argentina, Uruguay),
• Puma concolor puma - Kummwera kwa South America (Chile, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Argentina).

Florida zakudya

• Florida zakudya (Puma concolor coryi) Kodi mitundu yocheperako kwambiri ya mkatewu ndi iti? Kuchuluka kwake m'chilengedwe mu 2011 kunali kosaposa anthu 160 (ndipo mu 1970s kudatsikira kwa 20 anthu). Amakhala nkhalango ndi madambo akumwera kwa Florida (USA), makamaka m'malo osungirako.Nyengo Yaitetezo Ya Big Cypress. Cholinga cha kutha kwake chinali makamaka kutulutsa kwa ma swamp, kusaka masewera, poyizoni komanso kuchepa kwa zinthu zamtundu, zomwe zimatsogolera pakupezeka. Florida cougar ndi ochepa kukula komanso ali ndi ma tchuthi apamwamba. Mtundu wa malaya ndi wakuda, wofiyira. Zotsatira zakulandila, anthu amtunduwu adapeza gawo lomata la mchira. Pali chikonzero chodutsa ma cordars a Florida ndi ma cougars a subspecies ena kuti apange gulu lokhazikika, lodziyang'anira lokha.

Masabusikiripishoni ena a East America, a Wisconsin cougar (Puma concolor shorgeri), adamwalira pofika 1925

Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi

Ziphuphu zimapezeka pamalo okwera mosiyanasiyana - kuchokera kumapiri kupita kumapiri okhala ndi kutalika kwa 4700 m pamwamba pa nyanja, ndi m'malo osiyanasiyana: m'mapiri otentha, m'nkhalango zotentha, pamapiri, m'malo opezeka madambo komanso ambiri m'malo aliwonse ali ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso pogona. Komabe, ku South America, miyala yamiyala imayesetsa kupewa madambo komanso malo otsika omwe nkhwangwa zimasankha. Nyama zoterezi zimatha kuzolowera kukhala ndi moyo pamalo oyamba. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha miyendo yawo yolimba, amatha kudumpha mpaka 6 m kutalika ndi 2,5 m, kuthamanga kuthamanga mpaka 50 km / h (ngakhale mtunda waifupi). Puma amasuntha mosavuta m'mbali mwa mapiri, amakwera mitengo ndi miyala mosavuta, ngati nkofunika, amasambira bwino.

Mosiyana ndi zikhulupiriro zambiri, phangalo ndi nyama yokhala chete. Kufuula kokweza, kofanana ndi kulira kwa anthu, amangolira pakukhwima.

Ma Cougars amakhala moyo wamtundu wanokha (kusiyanitsa ndi okwatirana m'masiku 1 mpaka 6 a nthawi ya mating ndi amayi omwe ali ndi ana amphaka). Kuchulukana kwa chiwerengero chawo, kutengera kupezeka kwa masewerawa, kumasiyana kuchokera pa munthu mmodzi pa 85 km² kupita kwa anthu 13 pa kilomita 54. Malo osakira nyama wamkazi amatenga kuchokera pa 26 mpaka 350 km² ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mphepete mwaimuna. Ziwembu zazimuna zimakhala 140 mpaka 760 km² ndipo sizimagawanika. Amuna akuluakulu sawoneka kawirikawiri palimodzi, kupatula ana achichepere omwe achoka kumene amayi awo. Mkati mwa chiwembu chake, puma imapanga kayendedwe ka nyengo, nthawi yozizira ndikuwuluka m'malo ake osiyanasiyana. Malire a gawo amadziwika ndi mkodzo ndi ndowe, komanso zikande pamitengo.

Puma amasaka makamaka usiku. Pazambiri zamtunduwu, zakudya zake zimakhala ndi mitundu yopanda zinthu monga: zodetsa zakuda, zoyera-zoyera, pampas deer, wapiti (ngwazi zofiirira zaku America), moose, caribou, nyama zazikulu ndi nyanga. Komabe, phirili limatha kudya nyama zamitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku mbewa, agologolo, zotheka, akalulu, muskrats, sloths, agouti, nyani, porcupins, Canada beavers, raccoons, skunks ndi armadillos, coyotes, lynxes, alligators komanso ena cougars. Amadyanso mbalame, nsomba, ngakhale nkhono ndi tizilombo. Monga akambuku ndi nyalugwe, phokoso silingasiyanitse pakati pa nyama zakuthengo ndi zoweta, kuukira ziweto, agalu, amphaka ndi nkhuku mwayi ukapezeka. Nthawi yomweyo, amadula nyama zambiri kuposa zomwe amadya. Maphikidwewa amathanso kuwukira achinyamata achabechabe, palinso umboni wosonyeza kuchuluka kwa ziphuphu zomwe zimapha ziphuphu zazikulu kapenanso grizzlies. Alfred Brem amafotokoza kuti mphaka ndi nyama yolimba mtima komanso yolimba mtima.

Mukasaka, puma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chinthu chodabwitsacho - chimagwira nyama yayikulu, kenako imalumphira kumbuyo kwake ndikuphwanya khosi lake pogwiritsa ntchito unyinji wake, kapena, monga amphaka ena onse, kumugwira pakhosi ndi mano ndikuyamba kutsinana. Puma imodzi imadya makilogalamu 860-1300 a nyama pachaka, pafupifupi 48 osabera. Ziphuphu zimabisala nyama yosawonongeka, ndikuyikoka ndikugonetsa masamba, burashi kapena chisanu. Amabwereranso ku zobisika zobisika, nthawi zina mobwerezabwereza.Phimbalo limatha kukoka nyamayo mtunda wautali, kupitirira kasanu kuposa kulemera kwake. Mafuko a Amwenye omwe amakhala kumwera kwa California adagwiritsa ntchito chizolowezi cha pumas, kunyamula mitembo yomwe inali yathunthu kapena yopanda maphunziro.

Phirili lilibe adani achilengedwe, koma zilombo zina zitha kuyika pangozi njuchi: ankhandwe, milulu, mimbulu, zimbalangondo zakuda, ng'ona, zikuluzikulu zakuda ndi mbalame zazikulu za Mississippi. Zipatso ndi zotayidwa mokhudzana ndi zakudya zam'madzizo, zimagwira ngati majeremusi, kulanda gawo la nyama.

Kuukira anthu

Mosiyana ndi amphaka akuluakulu ambiri am'miyendo, ma cougars samazunza anthu, amakonda kuwapewa. Pakati pa 1890 ndi Januware 2004, kuukira pafupifupi zana limodzi kudalembedwa ku United States ndi Canada, ambiri mwaiwo anachitika kokha ku Vancouver Island. Nthawi zambiri ozunzidwa anali ana kapena anthu afupia, ndipo kuzunzidwa kumachitika madzulo kapena usiku. Cougars imatha kukhala ndi chiwonetsero chazovuta ngati munthu asunthira mwachangu ndikukhala payekha.

Kuswana

Pumas alibe nthawi yeniyeni yobereketsa, ngakhale kuti kumpoto kwa mtunda kumakonda kuyambika kuyambira mu Disembala mpaka pa Marichi. Mating, monga amphaka ena, amaphatikizidwa ndi ndewu ndi kulira kwakukulu kwa amphongo, yamphongo imayesa kuphimba zazimuna zonse zomwe zimakhala m'chigawo chake. Zisonyezero mu akazi zimatha pafupifupi masiku 9.

Nthawi ya bere ndi masiku 82-96. Mu zinyalala kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 6 cubs masikono 226-453 g ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 30. Mtundu wawo ndi woderapo ndi mawanga akuda, amasintha pofika zaka chimodzi. Maso a Kittens amatseguka pakatha masiku 8-10. Nthawi yomweyo, mano awo oyamba amaphulika ndipo amayamba kusewera. Pazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, amayamba kudya zakudya zachikulire, koma amapitilizabe kulandira mkaka. Pakadali pano, mayi ayenera kubweretsa katatu zochulukirapo kuposa masiku onse. Kufikira miyezi 15 mpaka 26, ana ake amakhalabe ndi amayi awo, kenako ndikupita kukasaka ziwembu zawo zakusaka, ngakhale atakhala m'magulu kwa miyezi ingapo atachoka kwa amayi awo. Akazi amatha kutha msinkhu ali ndi zaka 2,5, ndipo amuna azaka zitatu.

Mwachilengedwe, mbalameyi imakhala zaka 10 mpaka 13 (zokulirapo mwa akazi kuposa amuna), mpaka 20 mu malo osungira nyama.

Mkhalidwe Wopezekera ndi Chitetezo

Ngakhale kuti ma cougars amagwira ntchito yosaka ndipo mtundu wawo umachepetsedwa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, masamba ambiri amakhala ambiri, popeza ma cougars amatha kusintha moyo wawo m'malo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, pafupifupi kuwonongedwa ku USA kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, tsopano kuchuluka kwa ma pumas kumadzulo kwa dziko lino kuli pafupifupi anthu 30,000 ndipo akupitilizabe kum'mawa ndi kumwera.

Ma subspecies atatu omwe adapangidwira adalembedwa mu CITES Appendix I: Puma concolor coryi, Puma concolor costaricensis, Puma concolor couguar. Kusaka ma pumas ndi koletsedwa konse kapena koletsedwa, ngakhale akupitilirabe kuwonongedwa chifukwa cha kuvulala kochitidwa ndi ziweto komanso kusaka.

Ma subspecies okha omwe adalembedwa mu Mndandanda Wofiira wa IUCN wokhala ndi "ovuta" (pangozi), Ndi chakudya cham'madzi ku Florida Puma concolor coryi.

Ndizosangalatsanso kudziwa kuti tsopano anthu ena anayamba kuwumba ma cougars ngati ziweto zawo.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Dzinali limachokera ku chilankhulo cha amwenye a ku Peru. Fuko lino limakhulupirira nthano kuti cougar ndi mwana wotayika yemwe adasankha njira yolakwika ya moyo. Mwina chonchi chawoneka chifukwa chakuti ma cougars nthawi zambiri amasaka ziweto.

Dzina lina la phokosoli ndi mkango waku America. Dzinali adapatsidwa kwa iwo osamukira ku New World. Okhala m'nyumba adanyadira moyo wawo, kuti amayenera kukhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri, komwe nyama yowopsa iyi ikhoza kuwaukira nthawi iliyonse.

Chosangalatsa: Puma imaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe dziko lapansi lachita ndipo zalembedwa mu Guinness Book of Record ngati nyama yokhala ndi mayina ambiri. Ndi ma Chingerezi okha omwe ali ndi zinthu zopitilira 40 za mphaka wachifumu.

M'mbuyomu, zidakhulupirira kuti pali mitundu yoposa 25 ya nyama izi. Koma mdziko lamakono, pamaziko a mayeso a majini, mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yokha ndiyomwe imasiyanitsidwa, mwaayi 4 adatha:

• Puma pardoides,
• Puma unexpectatus,
• Puma pumoides,
• Puma trumani.

Puma concolor wapano ndi Puma yagouaroundi amakhala ku America. M'mbuyomu, masamba a jaguarundi adadziwikiratu monga mtundu wina wa Herpailurus Severtzov, 1858. Komabe, kafukufuku pamlingo wa maselo apeza ubale wapakati pa mitunduyi, chifukwa cha momwe ma systemarics omwe amawagawana ndi gulu lomweli.

Chosangalatsa: Mapulogalamu akuda a puma sanapezebe umboni wotsimikizira sayansi kuti ulipo ndipo mwina ndi nthano chabe. Nthawi zambiri, awa ndi mafimbi okhala ndi tsitsi lakuda, omwe amatha kulakwika chifukwa chakuda kuchokera kutali.

Kafukufuku wina waku DNA adawonetsa kuti nyalugwe ndiye wachibale wapamtima wa amphaka amphaka awa. Thupi lake losazolowereka lidamupangitsa kudzipatula ku banja lina la Acinonychinae, komabe, ubale wapamtima ndi ma cougars komabe adakakamizidwa kuti apangire banja la amphaka ang'ono.

Kanema: Puma

Tsitsi lalifupi komanso lalifupi kwambiri lilibe njira yotchulira. Ubweya wake ndi wofiyira, wamchenga, wofanana ndi mtundu wa mkango. Zosiyana - kukula, kusowa kwa maneya, ngayaye pa mchira ndi mphuno zapinki. Pali yoyera pamimba. Ana obadwa kwa ana amabadwa opanda banga, ngati ubweya waubweya, ubweya wawo umakhala wokulirapo komanso wosalala.

Ng'ombe zimatseguka m'maso patatha masabata awiri chibadwire. Mwa makanda, ma pumas amakhala ndi mtundu wamaso amtambo, koma pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi amasintha kukhala bulauni kapena amber. Mtundu wa chovalacho umayamba kuzimiririka wazaka 9, mawanga amatha ndikusowa kwathunthu muzaka ziwiri.

Kuchulukitsa

Dzina lachi Russia - cougar (mkango wamphiri, phiri)

Chizungu - Cougar

Dzina lachi Latin - Puma concolor

Kufikira - zolusa (Carnivora)

Banja - feline (Felidae)

Chifundo - puma

Gulu lakale, pamakhalidwe omwe adasungidwa mpaka mu 1999, adagawa masamba 24-30 a phokosoli.

Malinga ndi gulu la masiku ano potengera kafukufuku wa majini, pali mitundu 6 yolumikizidwa ndi madera:

Puma concolor couguar - North America (kuchokera kumwera kwa Canada kupita ku Guatemala ndi Belize),

Puma concolor exparicensis - Central America (Nicaragua, Costa Rica ndi Panama),

Puma concolor capricornensis - gawo lakum'mawa kwa South America (kuchokera pagombe lakumwera kwa Amazon ku Brazil kupita ku Paraguay),

Puma concolor cabrerae - gawo lapakati ku South America (kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Argentina, Uruguay),

Puma concolor puma - gawo lakumwera kwa South America (Chile, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Argentina).

Malo ocheperako kwambiri puma ndi Florida puma (Puma concolor coryi). Kuchuluka kwake mu 2011 kunali zopitilira 160. Amakhala nkhalango ndi madambo akumwera kwa Florida (USA). Mphakayu amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kocheperako komanso ma tchuthi apamwamba. Mtundu wa malaya ndi wakuda, wofiyira. Chifukwa chodutsa mosadukiza, anthu amtunduwu adapeza nsonga yomata.

Mapulogalamu enanso a East America, a Wisconsin cougar (Puma concolor shorgeri), adazimiririka pofika 1925.

Pakadali pano, puma yonse ya ku Florida ndi a Pisconsin sakhala paokha, amatchedwa gulu la Puma concolor couguar.

Mitundu ya puma yomwe ili mu zoo sizikudziwika.

Kodi phokoso limakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Mammal Puma

Malo okhala a Puma amachokera kumapiri a Rocky ku North America mpaka ku Patagonia kumwera. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa malo okhala, malo okhala nyama zodyerazi ndizosiyanasiyana - kuyambira m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino komanso mapiri kumapiri otentha nkhalango ndi madambo. Nyama izi ndizobisalira ndipo zimapewa malo otseguka kwambiri.

M'mbuyomu cougars ankakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana aku America, kuchuluka kwawo kunali kwakukulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zolengedwa zina zonse zomwe zimayamwa. Koma chifukwa cha kuchulukitsidwa kambiri, nyamazo zinayenera kusiya malo okhala. Malo awo amakhala mogwirizana ndi nyama zawo zazikulu. Njira zazikulu zosankhira malo ndi pogona ndi chakudya chochuluka.

Kuchulukana kwa malo komwe nyamazo zimapezekera kwachititsa kuti nzika za m'deralo ziwapatse mayina olondola kapena a ndakatulo. Ma subspecies ena adatchulidwa malinga ndi malo awo okhala. Komwe mdaniyu amakhala. Koma kwenikweni onse amakonda malo okhala ndi malo ochepa komanso amatha kubisala.

Popeza amphaka akuluakulu ndi amphaka, abambo amadzisankhira madera akuluakulu, omwe ali pamtunda wamakilomita 20 mpaka 50. Pomwe akazi ndi osafunikira ndipo amakhala m'malo otalika ndi 10-20 kilomita.

Kodi chakudya champhongocho chimadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Puma Cat

Puma ndi nyama yolusa mwachilengedwe. Zolakalaka zake nthawi zambiri zimaposa mphamvu yodya nyama. Pa avareji, amadya nyama mpaka 1300 kg pachaka pachaka. Awa ndi anthu osakhulupirira 48.

Amasaka nyama zamitundu mitundu, kutengera malo omwe amakhala:

Ziphuphu sizimasiyanitsa zoweta ndi nyama zamtchire, choncho nkhosa zamphongo, amphaka, agalu mwina ndi omwe amawazunza. Popeza amatha kunyansidwa ndi skunk yokha, amasakanso achule, tizilombo, nkhono. Ma skunks nthawi zambiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zawo zonunkhira ndipo zibonga zimanyalanyaza nyama izi.

Mikango yamapiri ndi nyama zolimba mtima ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwirira nyama kwambiri kuposa kukula kwake. Choyamba, amatsatira ziwopsezo pogona, pogona mwakachetechete, kenako nkuwakankhira kumbuyo kwawo ndikuphwanya khosi pachibelekeropo kapena kutsamwitsa. Kuthamanga kwathamanga komanso kuthekera kukwera mitengo kumathandizira kuti phirili lizitha kugwira nthiwatiwa ndi kugwira nyani m'mitengo.

Nyama izi ndizabwino kwambiri. Sadzapereka chakudya chosakwaniritsidwa ndipo sadzagawana. Ma cougars nthawi zonse amabwerera kumalo opha anthu kapena kubisa zotsalira mu chipale chofewa kapena kuwakwirira m'masamba. Ma Cougars sakonda kuthamangitsa omwe akukumana nawo. Ngati kulumpha koyamba sikumenya nyama, amphaka sathamangitsa nthawi yayitali.

Malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, ma armadillos, coyote, marmog, agologolo, tizilombo, mbalame zazing'ono za mikango yaku America kuwala, osati kokhutiritsa. Pofunafuna nyama, mitengo yamisinga imawoneka yochititsa chidwi komanso yokongola kulumpha. Nthawi zambiri amasaka mumdima, tsiku lotentha amakonda kugona m'mphepete dzuwa.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Cougar

Popeza ma cougars ndi odzimana mwachilengedwe, munthu aliyense amakhala ndi katundu wambiri. Zoyang'anira ziziwonetsa m'malire a gawo lawo ndi mkodzo, ndowe ndi nthonga zamitengo. Magawo a omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amatha kusamvana, koma amuna samalowa mgawo la wina ndi mnzake ngati akuwona kuti katundu wawo ndi mbuye wawo.

Zimachitika kuti amphaka amtchire amasintha zinthu chifukwa cha zochitika. Atha kuyesayesa kuti achoke kudziko lina ndikukhala nawo paulere. Mseuwu uli kutali kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, maluwa ochokera ku Wyoming adakumana ku Colorado, ndipo awa ndi makilomita mazana asanu.

Mikango yamapiri ndiyopirira kwambiri komanso nyama zopanda chete. Ngati kambuku agwedezeka mumsampha poyesa kudzipulumutsa, phokosoli lizichotsa msamphawo ngakhale zitatenga masiku angapo. Ikapanda kuleka kumasula, igwera pansi ndipo ingagonepo.

Ma Cougars samazunza anthu ndikuyesera kuwapewa m'njira zonse zomwe angathe. M'posadabwitsa kuti kudzichepetsa kumawerengedwa. Phimbalo silingasonyeze mkwiyo mpaka likhale ndi njala kwambiri kotero kuti lidzakhala pafupi kutopa kapena kuyesera kuteteza ana ake.

Chochititsa chidwi: Amwenye aku North America amakhulupirira kuti ma cougars ndi zolengedwa za mdierekezi. Kubangula kwawo kunapangitsa aliyense kugwedezeka ndi mantha. Koma phokoso la beep losatulutsa mawu, amphaka awa amatuluka ali okwiya, nthawi yonse yomwe amatsuka ngati amphaka.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Puma Cub

Nyengo yakukhwima ya mikango yaku America sichikhala nthawi yayitali - kuyambira Disembala mpaka March. Vapors mawonekedwe pafupifupi milungu iwiri, kenako kuvunda kachiwiri. Amphaka okha omwe ali ndi gawo lawo omwe amakonda kubereka. Amuna amathanso kukwatirana ndi akazi angapo okhala m'malo oyandikana nawo.

Pakadali pano, pakati pa amuna mumakhala ndewu ya osankhidwa ndi mkokomo waukulu. Wopambana amayesa kuphimba zazikazi zambiri momwe angathere kuchokera kumalire a chiwembu chake. Estrus imatha masiku 9. Panthawi yakukhwima, ngati amphaka ena, miyala ya mphonje imalira.

The kubereka kwa ana pafupifupi 95 masiku. Mu lita imodzi, ana amphaka awiri kapena asanu ndi amodzi amatha kuwoneka, kutalika mpaka 30 cm komanso kulemera mpaka kilogalamu. Pakupita milungu ingapo, ana amatsegula maso, makutu, mano oyamba kuyamba kukula. Ndi zaka, zojambula za thupi ndi mphete za mchira zimazimiririka.

Kuwona amayi odyetsedwera kumalo osungirako zinyama, zinaonekeratu kuti zazikazi sizilola kuti aliyense alandire ana amenewo ndipo sanawalole ngakhale kuti aziwayang'ana. Kutulutsa koyamba kudzachitika pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kuchokera pakubadwa. Kufikira mwezi umodzi ndi theka, ana amadyetsedwa mkaka wa amayi, ndiye amasinthana ndi chakudya cholimba.

Amayi amasamalira ana osakwana zaka ziwiri, kenako achinyamata ayenera kupeza zawo. Kwa kanthawi amatha ku gwiritsika gululo, koma kenako aliyense amayenda momwe akufunira. Akazi ali okonzeka kubereka azaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, amuna amuna pa 3. Pafupifupi, amakhala zaka 15-18 kuthengo, ali mu ukapolo - zaka zopitilira 20.

Nyama ya Puma. Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, mitundu, moyo ndi malo okhala phokoso

Nyama yabwino imagonjetsa ndi kuphatikiza mphamvu ndi kukongola kwa nyama yolusa. Dzina lasayansi Puma concolor limatanthawuza "chofufumitsa utoto umodzi ”, koma mawonekedwe ake amtundu amampangitsa iye kukhala wovala bwino. Kuchokera pakulongosola koyamba kwa nkhosazi m'zaka za zana la 16 kudzafika lero, chidwi cha chilombo sichitha. Poyeserera kangapo adayesa kuyesa kudya adani, ngakhale kuwapanga kukhala ziweto.

Puma - wadyera chete komanso wachisomo

M'banja la mphaka puma ndinawona mmodzi wa oimira nyama zokoma kwambiri, zamphamvu, zokongola, zoyambirira kufotokozedwa mkati mwa zaka za zana la 16. Dzina lina la mphaka wamkulu uyu ndi cougar, kapena mkango wamapiri.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Puma amatchedwa mosiyana. Kuphatikiza pa chinthu chachikulu, mayina adafalitsika: mkango wamphiri, phokoso. Mwa zolengedwa zofananira, chilombo chimakhala m'malo anayi wachinayi, pambuyo pa njati, agalu, mkango. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika pa 180 cm, mchira mpaka 70 cm, kulemera kwa munthu kumakhala pafupifupi 80 makilogalamu, koma oyimira akuluakulu amafikira oposa 100 kg. Makulu amchere Akazi ndi ochepera kuposa amuna ndi 25-30%.

Mphaka wamtchire wamtchire

Thupi la nyama zomwe zimadyazo zimasinthasintha modabwitsa. Tizilombo tambiri, tambiri tating'onoting'ono timagwiritsidwa ntchito kukola nyama. Pa miyendo yakumbuyo, yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo, chimbalangondocho chili ndi zala 4 kutsogolo - zala zisanu. Zovala zakuthwa zimathandiza mitengo ya cougars kupitirira pamitengo. Monga amphaka onse, pali zopondera zitatu zazitali zidendene.

Mutu wawung'ono wovekedwa korona ndi makutu ozungulira. Cougar mu chithunzi nthawi zonse ndi maso owoneka ozingidwa ndi mkombero wakuda. Iris imakhala imvi, hazel, zobiriwira. Mano olimba, nyama zimathyola mafupa, zong'amba minofu. Mkhalidwe wa fangs ndi incisors ndizomwe zimatsimikizira zaka za amphaka amtchire.

Mtundu wa ubweya wabwino kwambiri ndi wotuwa komanso wa imvi kapena wachikasu. Msana ndi mutu nthawi zonse zimakhala zakuda kuposa mitundu yakumbuyo ya nyama. Zizindikiro zoyera za whitish zimapezeka pachifuwa, pakhosi. Zizindikiro zakuda pamutu pa phokoso, nsonga ya mchira, makutu.

Nyengo imakhudza mtundu wa ubweya: kumadera akutali, ubweya wa nyama ndi imvi, m'malo otentha ndi ofiira. Ku Latin America, anthu osowa kwambiri, oyera, oyera khungu amapezeka. Palibe maalubino ndi kusungunuka pakati pa miyala. Cougar wakuda, heroine wa zojambula "Mowgli", ndi nthano yopanga mwaluso. Nthawi zina cougars wakuda amatchedwa molakwika ma panthers.

Cougar pamtengo wouma

Mtundu wa miyala yaying'ono ndiyosiyana. Ubweya umakutidwa ndi mawanga akuda, mikwingwirima yakuda pamiyendo, mchira wamphete. Pakadutsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ya moyo, matendawa amatha, amawonekeratu ndi zaka ziwiri. Chovala chanyama ndichopanda, chofowoka.

Kusuntha kwamphako kumakhala kovuta, mwachangu, kumadumphira mchira mwachangu.Mosiyana ndi nthomba zogwirizana, akambuku, kulowa mu msampha sikutha muzochita zamisala, koma mwa chiyembekezo chosaka chalenje pambuyo poyesera kangapo kuti adzipulumutse.

Mosiyana ndi mikango yayikulu, nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa, akambuku, mikango satha kubowula kapena kubangula. Koma amakhala purr, ngati okhala m'nyumba, polumikizana ndi ana, nthawi zina amafuula panthawi yachaka.

Paphirili pali adani ochepa achilengedwe. Zofooka, nyama zazing'ono zitha kugwidwa ndi anyani, grizzlies, alligators. Choopsa chachikulu kwa olusa ndi munthu amene amawapukusa, amatchera misampha. Zinyama zanyama zamtchire Nthawi zambiri sizivuta munthu. Zinthu zankhondo ndizododometsa anthu, ana, kudutsa njira zamtchi usiku. Kuthana ndi chisamaliro m'malo okhala nyama ndizokwanira kupewa kukakumana ndi zosasangalatsa.

Cougar m'nyengo yozizira

Ku America, komwe kuli nyama zazikuluzikuluzi, nyama zambirimbiri zinawonongedwa. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa ma cougars kutengera malo achilendo omwe amayendetsedwa ndi njira zotetezera, kuchuluka kwa anthu kukubwerera pang'onopang'ono.

Adani Achilengedwe Achilengedwe

Chithunzi: Puma Animal

Cougars pafupifupi alibe adani achilengedwe. Komabe, amaopabe zimbalangondo zakuda, anyani, agwape, ng'ona, akadaulo akuda, mapikidwe a mimbulu ndi zikuluzikulu zazikulu za Mississippi. Baribals ndi grizzly nthawi zambiri amatha kusangalala ndi nyama yodyedwa. Nthawi zambiri nyama zamtunduwu zimatsutsana ndi zibonga zofowoka, zakale kapena zovulala.

Mmodzi mwa adaniwo ndi munthu yemwe amatchera misampha ndi misampha pagamba, amawombera amphaka kuti apange phindu. Cogars ndi nyama zothamanga kwambiri, ndipo ngati atha kuwombera mfuti, ndiye kuti msampha umamupweteketsa nthawi yayitali. Ngati sichikwaniritsidwa, iye amayembekeza mwakachetechete.

Purezidenti waku US Theodore Roosevelt adapanga gulu lachitetezo cha nyama, koma nthawi yomweyo adaloledwa kupha ma cougars osavomerezedwa ndi mtsogoleri wa gulu lanyama lazanyama ku New York. Mchigawo cha America zitatha mazana mazana mikango yamapiri itawonongedwa.

Kubwera kwa Azungu ku America, kuwonongedwa kwa ma cougars kudayamba chifukwa chakuwombera kwa nyama zodya ziweto ngati ndalama zosavuta. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zalandilidwa m'maboma angapo amatchedwa "wankhondo wa akavalo." Pambuyo pake, kusaka cogars ndi agalu kunayamba, ndikuwayendetsa mumitengo, pomwe amphaka amatha kuwombera mosavuta.

Mitundu ya Cougars

Kugawidwa kwamakono kwa cougars kumakhazikitsidwa ndikumangiriza nyama kudera linalake, kusiyana kwa genomes.

Puma concolor couguar - Mitunduyi imakhala yodziwika ku North America, kuphatikiza Florida cougars. Habitat m'madambo akumwera kumwera kwa Florida. Gulu laomwe amadyera ali m'Buku Lofiira chifukwa cha zovuta.

Florida Puma Pangozi

Nyamayi ndi yaying'ono kukula, yofiira pamtundu, yokhala ndi ma thunzi apamwamba. Kuyambika kwanyama komwe kumakhudzana kwambiri kunayambitsa kuwoneka ngati mchira wokwera. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuzimiririka ndikumakoka madambo, poyizoni, kusaka nyama. Izi zikuphatikizira puma yakum'mawa, yomwe inatha mu 1925.

Puma concolor costaricensis - amakhala ku Central America.

Puma concolor capricornensis - Malo ogawa kum'mwera kwa South America.

Puma concolor concoror - yogawidwa kumpoto kwa South America.

Puma concolor cabrerae - khalani pakati ku South America.

Puma concolor puma - Malo ogawa kumwera kwa South America.

Pakadali pano, kusaka ma pumas ndizoletsedwa, ngakhale akupitilirabe kuwononga chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe akuweta.

Cougar wa ku Middle East

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Puma Predator

Ngakhale kuti kusaka maapozi ndizoletsedwa pafupifupi m'maiko onse, kuwonongedwa kwa mikango yaku America kukupitilizabe chifukwa chakuwombera minda yamafamu. Koma, ngakhale malo awo amakhala osaneneka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, chifukwa chosinthika mosavuta ndi malo okhala, mitundu yambiri ndiyambiri.

Pokhala pafupi kutha kwa zaka za zana la 20 ku United States, kuchuluka kwa ma pumas kumadzulo kokha kuli ndi akuluakulu pafupifupi 30,000 ndipo akupitilirabe kumwera ndi kummawa. Kusinthasintha kwina kulikonse kumathandiza kuti ma cordars akule.

Chifukwa chakulanda kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mikango yamapiri, kuchuluka kwa anthu obisalako ku Florida afika pamikhalidwe yoopsa ndipo pakali pano ali pachiwopsezo. Kusaka, kukhetsa madambo komanso kugwa kwa nkhalango zotentha kunapangitsa kuti mitunduyi ithe. Mu 1979, panali anthu pafupifupi 20. Kubala kwachilengedwe sikuthekanso ndipo amphaka amtchire amatetezedwa.

Umphawi wa chibadwa umatsogolera kubadwa kwa ana olumala ndi kuwonongeka, chifukwa chomwe chitetezo chokwanira chimachepa ndipo chiwopsezo cha matenda chikuchulukirachulukira. Pakadali pano, anthu onse amakhala m'malo a Florida Reserve ndipo kuchuluka kwawo ndi magawo 160.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti nyama yakumbuyo yakum'mawa, yochokera ku Canada ndi United States, inali pamndandanda wazomwe zitha. Koma mu 1970s, akuluakulu angapo adapezeka ku New Brunswick, omwe adayang'aniridwa nthawi yomweyo. Kwa zaka zingapo amatha kubereka mpaka anthu 50.

Mbiri yopezeka pamtunduwu

Puma ndi yamtundu wankhanza. Mu Latin, dzina lake limamveka ngati puma concolor, pomwe puma ndi dzina la mphaka lochokera ku chilankhulo cha Quechua Native American, ndipo concolor imamasulira ngati mtundu umodzi ndikuwonetsa mtundu wolimba wa chilombo chachikulire - siliva (kumpoto chakumpoto) kapena ofiira (kumwera). Achibale apafupi kwambiri ndi amphaka amtchire Jaguarundi komanso cheetah Miracinonyx waku North America. Ngakhale kukula kwake, phokosoli limayankhula amphaka ang'onoang'ono omwe sakudziwa momwe angathere chifukwa cha kuumitsa fupa la hyoid.

Jaguarundi - Mphaka wamphaka wocheperako, wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa bwaloli

Limodzi mwa malongosoledwe oyamba a puma lidachitika mu 1553 ndi a Pedro Cieza de Leon, woyendayenda ku Spain komanso wodzilemba za dziko lapansi m'buku la Chronicle of Peru. Bukuli likhoza kuonedwa ngati buku loyamba mu geology, botany ndi zoology zaku South America.

Mafuko aku India adalipira chidwi ndi nyamazo, koma mosiyana: Zipika za Inca zimawoneka kuti zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi milungu yakumwamba ndi bingu, a Apache adawona kuti kulira kwawo ndi komwe kumatulutsa imfa, ndipo ma cokears a Cherokee anali nyama yopatulika ndipo inali yowonongeka. Nthawi zambiri dzina la phokosoli limaphatikizidwa ndi dzina lovuta la munthu kuti amupatse mphamvu komanso kupusa.

Anthu aku Spain, omwe amabwera kudziko la South America kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 16, anakumana ndi zovuta ndi miyala yamkati: iwo ankasaka ng'ombe mosangalala, ndipo Amwenye amaletsa kuwononga amphaka omwe amadyedwa. Ngakhale ng'ombe yonse monga mphatso ya mkate wophedwa sinathe kusintha malingaliro a anthu akumaloko. Amwenyewo anapachika zikhadabo za chilombocho m'nyumba zawo, potero kuthamangitsa mizimu yoyipa. Ponena za kusaka nyama yopatulikayi, adati: "Puma ndi mwana wosauka yemwe wayamba njira yolakwika."

Kwa zaka zambiri, kukongola ndi chisangalalo cha mphalapazi zakhala zabwino kwa okhazikika a Dziko Latsopano, ndipo zanyengo ndi chinyengo chake zimakakamizidwa kuti ziwope nthawi zonse nyama yokongola iyi

M'masiku akale, malo okhala ma cougars anali ochulukirapo: kuyambira kumwera kwa Alaska kupita ku Strait of Magellan. Pambuyo pakugonjetsedwa kwa America ndi azungu, ma pumas adalengezedwa kuti ndi kusaka konsekonse, choyamba kuteteza ziweto, kenako chifukwa cha zikopa zokongola ndi nyama. Kwa munthu yemwe waphedwayo, adapereka ngakhale bonasi. Ndipo m'zaka za XX zokha, pamene zilombo zomwe zinali zitatsala pang'ono kutha, kusaka ma pumas kunali koletsedwa ndipo malo ambiri osawonekera.

Masiku ano, mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yamitundu ndi mitundu imatumizidwa ku mitundu ya puma. Cougars amakhala kumapiri a North ndi South America, kumapiri, nthawi zambiri kumitengo komanso m'malo otentha.

Kufotokozera kwa Cougar

Puma ndi nyama yolusa kwambiri, ku America imatenga kukula kwachiwiri pambuyo pa chisangalalo. Komabe, ma subspecies osiyanasiyana amasiyana kukula - ang'ono kwambiri amakhala pafupi ndi equator, ndipo okulirapo amakhala pafupi ndi mitengo. Thupi lamphamvu lokhala ndi miyendo yayikulu yakumbuyo limalowetsa mtengowo kupanga (kutalika kwa mita 10) ndi kutalika (mpaka 2,5 mita) kudumpha ndikupanga liwiro lalitali (mpaka 50 km pa ola) pamtunda waufupi.

Zambiri zakunja: mtundu, khungu la maso ndi mawonekedwe a anatomical

Kutalika kwa cougar wopanda mchira kumatha kukhala 100 mpaka 180 cm, ndipo kulemera mpaka 100 kg. Akazi ndi pafupifupi gawo lachitatu lachitatu kuposa amuna amuna kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwawo. Kutalika kwa nyamayi m'chilengedwe kufota ndi 60-80 masentimita. Thupi lamphanvu ndi lamphamvu, koma limasinthasintha, lofanana ndi mkango. Thupi limakhala lokwera, miyendo ndiyotsika, miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyokulirapo kuposa kutsogolo. Ma pallet amaoneka otakata, okhala ndi zikhadabo zooneka ngati zokolekera, zala 4 kumbuyo, ndi zisanu kutsogolo. Zovala zoterezi zimalola kuti phokosoli lizitha kukwera mitengo moyenera, komanso kugwira wolondedwayo, ndipo mawalo osiyanasiyana amathandizira kuyenda moyenera mu chipale chofewa. Mchira wolimba komanso wopendekera bwino umapatsa mpata wabwino pakadumphadumpha.

Cougar amatha kudumphira pang'ono phompho lalikulu

Mutu wake ndi wawung'ono, makutu owongoka owoneka ozungulira, mphuno ndi yayikulu komanso yotakata. Maso okongola amakhala a bulauni kapena agolide, owoneka bwino pamzere wakuda, ngati mphuno ndi pakamwa. Mano amakula bwino, zaka zawo komanso mtundu zimazindikira zaka za nyamayo. Mafangayi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwira nyama, komanso zolimbikitsa kuti awononge minofu ndi mafupa a wozunzidwayo.

Puma ali ndi nkhope yokongola komanso yachilengedwe

Ubweya wa puma ndi wandiweyani, wofupika komanso wowuma, utoto ndi wonyezimira woduwa, wachikaso chakuda kapena wofiyira, koma wokhala ndi ma tepe: pamimba, pakhosi ndi pachifuwa ndizowala kuposa kumtunda kwa thupi, pali malo akuda pamizere, makutu amakhala amdima kuposa utoto waukulu, nsonga ya mchira ndiyonso yamdima. Ndizosangalatsa kuti utoto wa ma cougars ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa omwe angathe kuzunzidwa - mbawala.

Ana amatenga chovala chowoneka bwino, chofewa komanso chosalala, chokhala ndi mawanga ndi mikwingwirima, chomwe chili ndi mphete pamchira, ndi maso amtambo.

Mu ma cubs, maso ndi amtambo mpaka theka la chaka, kenako pang'onopang'ono amasanduka achikasu kapena bulauni

Khalidwe

Phirili limadziwika chifukwa chobisalira, phokoso komanso losagwirizana, koma limakhala ndi kulimba mtima komanso kulimba mtima. Pali nthawi zina pomwe phokosoli lidamenya ndikugulitsa zimbalangondo zazikulu komanso zonse. Ndipo sadzaphonya mwayi wakudya nyama yawo.

Amphaka amtunduwu amabisala bwino kwambiri ndipo zimapewetsa anthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizivuta kuziphunzira pa sayansi. Ma cougars samawonetsa zankhanza kwa anthu, pokhapokha atakhala owopsa kapena osokoneza kusaka. Amakonda kuukira usiku kapena madzulowo, koma amathanso kusaka masana.

Mosiyana ndi amphaka akuluakulu ambiri am'miyendo, ma cougars samazunza anthu, amakonda kuwapewa. Pakati pa 1890 ndi Januware 2004, kuukira pafupifupi zana limodzi kudalembedwa ku United States ndi Canada, ambiri mwaiwo anachitika kokha ku Vancouver Island. Nthawi zambiri ozunzidwa anali ana kapena anthu afupia, ndipo kuzunzidwa kumachitika madzulo kapena usiku. Cougars imatha kukhala ndi chiwonetsero chazovuta ngati munthu asunthira mwachangu ndikukhala payekha.

wikipedia.org

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/anuelD0 Ear9FanuelD1 Ear83anuelD0%BCanuelD0%B0

Cougar ali ndi chipiriro choyenera. Kambuku, ikalowa mumsampha, ikayamba kuchita zamisala, ikhoza kuluma pakatikati pake, ndiye kuti phokosoli limaugwira mtima mofatsa ndikuyesetsa kuti limasuke, ndipo ngati zalephera, imatha kukhalabe masiku angapo.

Ziphuphu zimayenda bwino pamitengo ndipo zimatha kugwira mbalame kapena nyani winawake pamenepo

Ma Cougars amakhala moyo wawo wokha ndipo samayanjana ndi oimira mitundu yawo. Amayika makamaka gawo lawolo ndipo samalola ma ciff ena. Komanso malo omwe amakhala ndi phangalo amatha kukhala makumi kapena ngakhale ma kilomita mazana. Njira zoyankhulirana kwa mikango yamapiri zimangopezeka nthawi yakukhwima, komanso zazikazi zimangokhala nthawi yocheza ndi ana. Mwa njira, zochitika zokhudzana ndi malire am magawo ndizosowa kwambiri - ma cougars amakonda ubale wabwino. Amakhala moyo wawo wonse pagawo lokasaka.

Nyama zazing'ono zomwe zilibe chiwembu chazokha komanso nyama zachikulire zomwe zawonongeka chifukwa chazovuta za anthu zimatchedwa "transit ones." Amakakamizidwa kuti ayende mumalire mwaulere, womwe ukhala nyumba yawo yatsopano. Amayesetsa kuthana ndi mayiko akunja mwachangu, popanda kumenya nawo ndewu osadzinamizira.

Chakudya cha Puma

Madzulo, phangayo amatuluka kukafunafuna chakudya. Wadzidzimutsidwa, kudumphira kumbuyo kwa wovutayo ndipo nthawi yomweyo amayesa kumaluma. Mtundu wakale wa nyama zakuthwa sizabera monga mphalapala, agwape, guanaco, ndi maluwa. Kugawana kwawo zakudya zam'madzi amphaka oposa theka.

Chakudya chachikulu cha amphaka amphaka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu.

Nyamayi imatha kuukira ziweto ngakhale amphaka ndi agalu, zomwe alimi aku America samadana nazo kwambiri. Samanyoza ngakhale zazing'onoting'ono: coyote, nkhandwe, akalulu, agologolo, agologolo pansi, mavu, mbewa, mbalame, nsomba ngakhale tizilombo ndi nkhono. Komabe, nyamayo imakonda kupha nyama zambiri kuposa momwe zimatha kudya.

Luso lachilengedwe limalola kuti phokosoli lizitha kuthana ndi mkono, mapapo, njoka kapena skunk. Puma sakonda kusambira, koma nthawi yomweyo amasambira bwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kuwedza.

Phimbayo amabisa zotsalira za nyama mu tchire, udzu kapena matalala, kuyesera kuphimba nyamayo. Nthawi zina mimbulu imayang'anira iyo kuchokera pamwamba ndipo imadyanso mitembo mukangoyichotsa. Kuphatikiza pa miimba, nkhandwe, coyote ndi nyama zina zambiri zitha kuchita izi, chifukwa nyama zam'madzizo ndizolumikizana ndi unyolo wawo. Komanso, amwenye adachitanso zomwezo m'masiku akale - adazipeza zokhazokha za ma cordars ndikudzitengera nyamayo.

Phirili lili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso limatha kupirira ndipo limatha kukoka munthu wakufayo mtunda wautali, lomwe kulemera kwake kumapitilira kulemera kwa phangalo ndi nthawi 5. Wamphongo amapha gawo limodzi pa sabata, ndipo amadya nyamayo kwa masiku angapo, popeza amakhala pafupi. Koma ngati nyama zina zipeza nyamayo ndi kudya nyamayo, iyenso anayenera kuyambiranso kusaka.

Kwa chaka chimodzi, phangayi amadya pafupifupi nyama imodzi, yomwe pafupifupi 50 amakankhira

Mkango wamkatiwo samadyako nyama yomwe nyama zina zimapeza. Imadyera anthu ake okha.

Chiyembekezo chamoyo m'thengo

Zaka zambiri zomwe munthu amakhala ndi nyama zambiri zakuthengo, zimayambira zaka 10 mpaka 15, ndipo ma cougars amatha kukhala m'malo osungira nyama mpaka zaka 20. M'malo achilengedwe, ma cougars samakonda kufa ndi ukalamba, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa ndizolimbana ndi achibale, mabala kuchokera kusaka, matenda, njala, komanso zochitika zaanthu: kuwonongeka kwa ziphuphu, kusintha malo okhala nyama, magalimoto ndi zina.

Zowonera zina

Kuchulukana kwa cougars kumachokera ku nyama imodzi mpaka 12 pamtunda wa 80 km.

Mwachilengedwe, phokosoli alibe mdani aliyense. Madera akumpoto, amatha kupikisanapo nyama ndi mimbulu kapena zimbalangondo zofiirira, madera akumwera ndi anyani, komanso ku Florida komwe kumakhala ndi Mississippi alligator. Ziwonetsero za phalaphala ndizowopsa ndipo ngati zikuwombana mwachindunji zitha kupambana, ndiye kuti wopondayo amayesa kuti asalimbane naye. Puma samakumana ndi zimbalangondo, chifukwa samadyetsa nyama yokha, komanso zakudya zam'mera, koma mimbulu, chifukwa chalephera kukhala pagululo, ikuluma puma. Nawonso amatha kupha ndikudya nkhandwe imodzi, ndikumenyera paketi.

Nthawi zambiri, zilombo zomwe sizikumana ndi vuto sizingalumikizane ndi nkhanu zachikulire, komanso zimatha kugonjera, koma mabanja achichepere ndi njira yabwino yolandirira. Chifukwa chake, nkhondo zambiri zankhondo ndi adani ena amapita kwa akazi kuteteza ana awo.

Kuteteza ana, wamkazi amatha kulowa nawo nkhondoyi ndikuwathetsa: pamakhala zochitika zina pomwe cougar amenya ndi chimbalangondo

Puma malo okhala ndi gawo lanu zachilengedwe

Ziphuphu zimapezeka ku America. Ku North America, nyama izi zimasungidwa makamaka kumadera akumapiri kumadzulo, ndipo ku South America ndizofala kwambiri.Owona m'maso akuti phokoso limapezekabe ku Quebec (Canada) ndi Vermont (USA).

Malinga ndi gulu la masiku ano potengera kafukufuku wa majini, pali mitundu 6 yolumikizidwa ndi madera:

Puma concolor couguar - North America (kuchokera kumwera kwa Canada kupita ku Guatemala ndi Belize),

Puma concolor exparicensis - Central America (Nicaragua, Costa Rica ndi Panama),

Puma concolor capricornensis - gawo lakum'mawa kwa South America (kuchokera pagombe lakumwera kwa Amazon ku Brazil kupita ku Paraguay),

Puma concolor concolor - North South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia),

Puma concolor cabrerae - gawo lapakati ku South America (kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Argentina, Uruguay),

Puma concolor puma - gawo lakumwera kwa South America (Chile, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Argentina).

http://www.mos magazzoo.ru

http://www.mos magazzoo.ru/animals/khishchnye/puma/

Cougar chosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi amatchedwa Florida kapena Puma concolor coryi. Zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi - tsopano kuli anthu 150-200 okha padziko lapansi ndipo Florida akugwira ntchito molimbika kuteteza ndi kubwezeretsa chiwerengero cha Florida puma. Kutha kwachangu kwa mabanjawo kudachitika chifukwa cha kukokolola kwachangu, komwe ndi malo okhala Florida Florida, kuwononga zachilengedwe ndi kusaka nyama kwa nyama izi.

Florida cougar ndi ochepa kukula ndipo ali ndi tsitsi lofiirira lakuda, komanso nsonga ya mchira wokhota

Ku South ndi Central America, pali umboni wa kupezeka kwa ziphuphu zoyera ndi zakuda. Komabe, kupenda mwatsatanetsatane kwamilanduzi kumavumbula kuti ma cougars akuda ndi a bulauni kapena mbali zina za thupi (nkhope, chifuwa) ndizopakidwa zakuda. Zipatso zoyera (ma alubino) nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mitundu yambiri yamtchire.

Osamukira ku Dziko Latsopano kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800 adapha mikango yamapiri, pamene amapha ziweto zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu asintha kwambiri malo okhala nyama zamtchire, zomwe zikuchititsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha agwape osagwira ntchito, omwe ndi nyama yofunika kwambiri ya pumas ku North America. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, panali ma cougars ochepa kwambiri omwe adatsala, ndipo patatha zaka zina 60, mabungwe angapo adasowa.

Posachedwa, cougar cougar yaku Eastern Puma Puma idadziwika kuti yatha ku United States, chifukwa kwa zaka zambiri mtunduwu sunawoneke ndi anthu ngakhale kumadera akumapiri aku North America.

Zochita zopanda nzeru za anthu zimakhumudwitsa kuchuluka kwa chilengedwe ku North America ndipo zotsatira zoyambirira zidakomedwanso ndi alimi omwewo. Mwachitsanzo, zida zopitilira muyeso zomwe zimadyetsedwa kale, zomwe zimakumbidwa kale, zimakumbamo maenje angapo momwe ng'ombe zapakhomo ndi mahatchi nthawi zonse amagwera, zimaduka miyendo ndikufa.

Tsopano ku North America, ngwazi zoyera-zauwisi zimakhala zochulukirapo, kukhala cholepheretsa zachilengedwe zakomweko.

Mbawala zoyera-zoyera - nyama yayikulu ya mikango yamapiri

Deer amadya masamba, kuphatikiza ndi omwe mbalame za nyimbo zimakhala, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwawo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamodzi mwa zitsanzo zambiri za kusakhazikika kwachilengedwe. Akatswiri azambiri pazachilengedwe komanso zachilengedwe akufuna kuti pakhale chilengedwe ku North America pobwezeretsa zachilengedwe ku North America pobwerera kumalo achilengedwe ndi mimbulu yofiira (nyama izi, monga cougars, zatsala pang'ono kutha).

Moyo wa Puma wokhala mu ukapolo

Masiku ano, kwakhala kwachilendo kusungira nyama zakutchire, kuphatikizapo amphaka amphaka, m'nyumba. Ma Cougars sanasiyane nawo ndipo pa intaneti mungapeze zotsatsa zogulitsa ana, komanso ndemanga ndi makanema okonza za ma cougars ali mu ukapolo.

Zokongoletsera m'nyumba nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati mphaka wamba

Koma kusankha pa sitepe loterolo, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kukhala limodzi ndi cougar sikungakhale kwapafupi, chifukwa mungafunike chipinda chapadera kapena chamawonekedwe, chakudya chodula, chowotchera zinyama ndi zina zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale nyama yam'madzi yodontha imakhalabe nyama yakutchire, ikumvera zachilengedwe, motero palibe amene angatsimikizire zotetezeka kwathunthu ku ziweto zina, komanso kwa eni eni. Zingwe zazingwezi sizingawonongeke, chifukwa tikulankhula za ana amphongo okha.

Ponena za malo osungira nyama, nkhata zam'madzi ndizofala kwambiri kumeneko, zimakhalapo ndipo zimaswana. Amayimiridwanso kwambiri kumalo osungira nyama ku Russia.

Zosamalidwa

Akatswiri a zachilengedwe omwe adaphunzira puma akuti ndiyoyenera kutengera gawo la chiweto ndipo limagwirizana bwino ndi amphaka ndi agalu okhala mnyumbamo, koma sangathe kukana kusaka mbalame. Chifukwa chake, ngati nkhuku, abakha kapena atsekwe mnyumbayo, mwini puma akuyenda momasuka pabwalo amayenera kupirira nthawi zonse mbalame ikamwalira. Puma kittens amadyetsedwa mkaka ndi nyama yophika, amadya chimanga ndi ndiwo zamasamba pokhapokha ataphika msuzi wa nyama.

Pumas yaying'ono imadyetsedwa mkaka, kenako imasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikuwuphika, kenako ndi nyama yaiwisi

Akamakula, mafinya amasamutsidwa kukhala nyama yaiwisi. Nyamayi imadya pafupifupi 2 kg ya nyama yaiwisi patsiku, njira yabwino kwambiri ndi ng'ombe. Ngati mbaleyo sanapatsidwe nyama, adwala.

Monga amphaka ena ambiri, musanadye nyama yaiwisi, cokomoyo imanyentchera, ndipo mukatha kudya, ndimatsukidwa kwathunthu ndikugona kwa maola angapo.

Phimbalo liyenera kupatsidwa madzi ambiri, komanso udzu watsopano kapena zowonjezera za vitamini, zomwe veterinarian angalangize.

Khalidwe lanyimbo zazing'onoting'ono m'nyumba sizosiyana ndi ana wamba, amakonda kusewera kwambiri, makamaka ndi zinthu zosuntha, kulankhulana ndi ziweto zina, komanso kukonda anthu. Nthawi yomweyo, miyala ing'onoing'ono yamabala imawoneka yoseketsa komanso yowoneka bwino. Amatha kupanga mawu osangalatsa, monga mbalame zikugunda kuposa kutulutsa. Pokhala mumtendere wabwino, ma cordars amatha purr ngati amphaka, kuchoka pamantha, kung'ung'udza chifukwa cha kukwiya.

Makanda a Puma ndi ofanana ndi ma kittens wamba, amakondanso kusewera ndikuphatikizidwa ndi eni awo

Puma amatha ndipo akuyenera kutsogozedwa kuti ayende mopanda leash, izi zimamupatsa mwayi wokhala m'malo achilengedwe - nkhalango kapena paki. Cougar wamkuluyo amayenera kusamutsidwira kumalo owonera ndege, chifukwa munthu wamkulu amakonzera mavuto ambiri m'nyumba kapena mumzinda. Kwa moyo wamphaka aliyense wamphaka, nyumba yapanja kapena kanyumba kokhala ndi khoma lotchingidwa ndi mipando yolumikizira ndege ndizoyenera.

Puma akumva bwino, akumayenda mumsewu wawukulu kapena akuyenda pabwalo, ndipo m'nyumba wamba amakhala wotopetsedwa komanso wopsinjika

Njira zosamalirira tsitsi, makutu, maso ndi misomali, ma cougars amakhoza kulekerera pokhapokha ngati amazolowera kuyambira ali ana. Zovala zazing'onopo ndizitali komanso zowongoka, chifukwa posunga nyamayo mnyumbamo, zimayenera kupetedwa pafupipafupi.

Mukasungidwa m'nyumba kapena nyumba, muyenera kudula nsapato zazitali, apo ayi mavuto sangathe kupewedwa

Kuchulukitsa kwa Puma ndi chitetezo

Chifukwa cha ntchito yogwira ntchito yosunga ma cougars ngati mtundu, kusaka kwawo tsopano kuli kochepa kapena koletsedwa m'maiko ambiri. Zowona, mosiyana ndi zoletsa, anthu amangoononga chimango chifukwa chofufuza ng'ombe. Mitundu yocheperako komanso yaying'ono kwambiri imayikidwa m'malo osungirako nyama, monga Florida cougar - masamba okhawo omwe adalembedwa mu Red Book omwe ali "ovuta kwambiri." Zowonadi ndi zakuti nkhalango za Florida zikupitiliratu kutha ndipo mitengo yam'nyanja satha kukhalapo ndipo kubala ana. Chifukwa chake, anthu amapanga malo osungiramo omwe amawongolera moyo ndi kubereka kwa ma citter pogwiritsa ntchito ma transmitters apadera omwe amayikidwa pa thupi la nyama. Tsopano asayansi akugwira ntchito molimbika kuwoloka Florida puma ndi ma subspecies ena. Ngati kuyesaku kukuvekedwa korona ndipo nyamazo zitha kubwezeretsedwanso, mabungwe oyimilira amakhala m'mayiko ena aku America.

Malo osungirako zachilengedwe zazikulu kwambiri kumene Florida amakhala. Amatchedwa Big Cypress National Preservation ndipo ili m'madambo ndi m'nkhalango za kumwera kwa boma la US ku Florida.

Ma subspecies atatu a cougars adalembedwa ku CITES (Msonkhano wa International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna ndi Flora): coryi, costaricensis, couguar. Kuyesayesa kwa anthu kwadzetsa kuti pakadali pano kuchuluka kwa ziphuphu ku North America, komwe kunatsala pang'ono kuzimiririka m'zaka za zana la 20, ndi anthu 30,000 ndipo pang'onopang'ono kufalikira kummawa ndi kumwera. Ziphuphu zimaberekana bwino, zimatha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana achilengedwe, motero sizikumana ndi kutha. Ku South America, ma pumas sanasakidwe mwachangu, choncho amapezeka.

Onani zithunzi

Zachilengedwe zopatsa maphiri maphiri moolowa manja ndi mphamvu: zimakwera mitengo mosavuta ndipo zimatha kudumphadumpha kuchokera pansi popanda zotsatirapo zake, zimasambira bwino komanso kudziwa momwe zimagwirira nsomba, zimatha kudumphira phokoso lalikulu ndikukakumana ndi nthiwatiwa yotuluka. Mdani wamkulu wa chilombochi ndi munthu yemwe, kwa zaka mazana awiri, anawononga nyama zambiri za padziko lapansi. Tsopano anthu abwerera m'mbuyo ndipo akutenga mbali zambiri zobwezeretsa zachilengedwe. Tili ndi chiyembekezo kuti zonse zitha ndipo ma cougars adzakhalanso mdziko lawo ku America.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za phokoso

Puma ndi nyama yokongola kwambiri, yomwe ndiyosangalatsa kuyang'ana. Akatswiri a zojambula za nyama komanso okonda nyama zakuthengo azindikira zinthu zingapo zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi nyamayi:

1. Cougar moyenerera amatenga malo achiwiri oyimira wamkulu kwambiri ku America wa amphaka. Kukula kwa phangalo ndi kwachiwiri pambuyo pa anyaniwo.
2. Mkaka wamkango wamapiri pazakudya zonenepa umaposa 6 ng'ombe.
3. Lilime la ma pumas lili ndi ma tubercles apadera. Ndi chithandizo chawo, amatha kuthyola tinyama tating'onoting'ono kuchokera kwa wozunzidwayo.
4. Cougars ndiye amphaka okhazikika mkati mwa America.
5. Wamkazi amalumikizana ndi ana ake ndikumveka modabwitsa kofanizira ndi tweet ya mbalame.
6. Zoyala zazing'ono sizichoka kunyumbako kufikira amayi awo atawaitana.
7. Mikango yamapiri inkawonedwa ngati nyama zopatulika ndi Amwenye a Zuni ndi Cherokee.
8. Kusaka ma cougars kumayenda bwino mu 80% ya milandu.
9. Nyama zomwe zidabadwa chifukwa chodutsa ndere ndi nyalugwe zimatchedwa pumapards.
10. Kusaka nyama yamphaka ndi koletsedwa ku United States ndi Canada. Izi zimachitika pofuna kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa nyama.
11. Puma samakonda kuukira anthu. Ngati mdaniyu akuopseza munthu, palibe vuto kuti muyenera kumuthawa. Ndikofunika kumuyang'ana m'maso ndikuyamba kulira. (Akukhulupirira kuti phokoso lotere limasowetsa owopsa).

Cougar wokongola, wosinthasintha komanso wolimba ndiye mbuye weniweni wa malo otseguka aku America. Amachita nkhondo mopanda mantha ndi nyama zazikulu kuposa zake, amphaka amtchire nthawi zambiri amatuluka akupambana, akudzipatsa chakudya. Cougar amayenda munthu ndipo samamubwera kawirikawiri, amakonda kukhala patali ndi anthu.

Onani ndi mamuna

Mu 1553, imodzi mwa mafotokozedwe ake oyamba adaperekedwa m'buku la Chronicle of Peru ndi Ciez de Leon. Mawu akuti cougar amachokera ku Quechua, chilankhulo chofala kwambiri cha Amwenye aku America.

Kuyambira kalekale anthu amasilira chisomo ndi mphamvu za mphaka. Ku South America, dzina la mphaka wamphamvu nthawi zambiri linkamveka m'mazina ovuta a munthu. Chithunzi cha phokoso nthawi zambiri chimapezeka pazinthu zadongo. A Inca anaphatikiza nyama iyi ndi mulungu wa kumwamba ndi bingu. Ku North America, mwachitsanzo ku ma Apache, kufuula komwe kaphokoso kamakhala kofiyira kumwalira. Mitundu ina ya Amereka aku America idazindikira kuti chilombochi ndi mzimu woyipa wochokera kumoyo wamoyo. Nthawi yomweyo, mu fuko la Cherokee, anali nyama yopatulika komanso yosawonekera.

Puma nthawi zambiri amapewa anthu, kuukira sikusowa ndipo kumachitika nthawi yotentha kapena nthawi yophukira, pomwe celloars ang'onoang'ono amasiya amayi awo ndikupanga gawo latsopano. Pakati pa 1890 ndi 1990 Ku North America, maubwenzi 53 omenyera anthu olembedwa, 40 mwa omwe adadzetsa kuvulala, ndipo pazochitika 10, anthu adamwalira.

Puma ikhoza kuukira zoweta: ana a ng'ombe, nkhosa, mbuzi, nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pamene nyama zazing'ono zimaphunzira kusaka. Zikuwonekeratu kuti izi zidapangitsa kusakondwa pakati pa alimi, ndipo kuzunza kwawo kunachepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha nyama ku North America.

Kugawa ndi malo

Puma ndi mphaka waku America. Pakalepo, ma puma akhala ali wamkulu kwambiri mwa zolengedwa zonse zam'madzi ku America. Malo ogawa zamtunduwu adayambira kumwera kwa Patagonia mpaka kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Alaska. Pakadali pano ku North America, nkhokwezi zimasungidwa makamaka kumapiri akumadzulo. Ku South America, cougar ali pafupifupi konsekonse.

Zidyera zoterezi zimatha kusintha zochitika zosiyanasiyana: zimakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, komanso m'nkhalango zotentha, komanso m'madambo. Ziphuphu zimapezeka kumapiri pamtunda wa 4700 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Kugawidwa kwawo kumangokhala ndi chakudya ndi pogona. Kuphatikiza apo, mitengo yakuwala ku South America imapewa madzi osefukira komwe mitsinje imapezeka.

Pofuna kusaka bwino, puma imafunikira pobisalira, pomwe imabisala, kusambira nyama, chifukwa, ngakhale pamabatani otseguka, wolusa amasankha malo omwe muli miyala kapena tchire.

Makhalidwe & Khalidwe Lamagulu

Cougar imatha kukhala yogwira ntchito usana ndi usiku. Kusintha kwa zochitika kumatsimikiziridwa ndi njala. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yomwe mumakonda kusaka ndi nthawi yamadzulo, nyama yokhala chete ikayamba kuwoneka. Phangalo limatha kukhala lofanana ndi dothi louma. Amayenda mosavuta m'mbali mwa mapiri, amakwera mitengo ndi miyala mosavuta, ngati nkofunika, amasambira bwino.
Monga nthumwi zonse za banja la mphaka (kupatula mikango), akhungu achikulire amakhala okha, amuna ndi akazi amakumana kokha kuti abereke. Kukula kwa malo osakira puma kutengera kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zingagwire ntchito komanso ku North America kuchokera pa 32 mpaka 1031 sq. Km. Kukula kwamphongo kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa zazikazi, ndipo mwamunayo amamuyang'anira mwamunayo kwa amuna ena. Dera laimuna nthawi zambiri limakhala lodzaza ndi zosaka zazikazi zingapo. Nyama zimapeana wina ndi mnzake malo okhala ndi malo ambiri, ndipo izi zimatheka pomanga tag. Ziphuphu zimayika malo ena ndi mkodzo, zitosi, kapena zopopera - malo, kapena mitengo, pomwe nyama zimakanda zikhadabo, kusiya masamba owoneka.

Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala

Nyama yayikulu kwambiri, yotsika malo osungirako malo okhalamo anyani okha, imatalika pafupifupi masentimita 120-170, ndipo yokhala ndi mchira mpaka 2,5. Kutalika kwa thupi la mphaka wamkulu kuyambira 60 mpaka 75 cm, kulemera kwake ndi 75-100 kg . Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi ndi pafupifupi 30%.

Ubweya wofiyira pakhosi ndi pachifuwa ndi mthunzi wopepuka, pamutu pali imvi, ndipo pamakutu ndi mchira wa mchira - matalala akuda, pafupifupi akuda. Mwambiri, thupi lakumunsi ndilopepuka kwambiri kuposa kumtunda.

Ziwonetserozi zomwe zimakhala ku North America zimasiyanitsidwa ndi ma siliva, ndipo oimira ma pampas akumwera ndi malo otentha ali pafupi kwambiri ndi matani ofiira. Awa ndi amphaka okha aku America omwe ali ndi utoto wowoneka bwino. Ubweya wa nyama ndi waufupi, wosalala komanso wandiweyani.

At nyama yanyama mano amphamvu, omwe amawazindikira zaka za mdani. Mafangayi amagwira nyama kugwira nyama, ndipo zotsogola zimang'amba minofu ndikuphwanya mafupa. Mchira wolimba wolimba umathandizira kuyerekeza ndikusuntha ndikudumphira kokasaka mphaka waku America.

Thupi lotha kusintha limasiyanitsidwa ndi chisomo chapadera. Mutu umakhala wocheperako, makutu ndi ochepa kukula, ozungulira mawonekedwe. Ziwawa ndizotsika, mulifupi. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yolimba komanso yayikulu kuposa kutsogolo. Chiwerengero cha zala zakumaso ndizosiyana: zinayi kumbuyo ndi zisanu kutsogolo.

Habitat Cougars olusa Pali malo osiyanasiyana: onse malo okhala ndi nkhalango zam'malo otentha, mapepala, malo otsetsereka, ndi mapiri okhala ku South ndi North America mpaka pakati pa Canada. Mikango yokhala ndi silvery imapewa zitunda zakumpoto.

Kukhazikika kwa nyama kumakhala kwakukulu, koma kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazi, ma pumas ku United States anali atatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa. Chinyama chodziwika bwino cha puma ngakhale adayamba kuwonongeka. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, zinali zotheka kubwezeretsa chiwerengero, chofanana kukula kwake ndikugawidwa ku nyalugwe, lynxes. Anaona kuti amakhala pagulu makamaka kumene zinthu zazikulu za kusaka kwake zimakhala - mbawala. Ngakhale mtundu wa ubweya wawo ndi wofanana.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zamadyetsa

Puma ndi nyama yolusa yomwe idya nyama yokha. Zomwe zimasaka zimatha kukhala nyama zamitundumitundu: kuyambira mbewa, agologolo, zosatheka, akalulu mpaka coyotes, lynxes ndi ena cougars. Amadyanso mbalame, nsomba, ngakhale nkhono ndi tizilombo. Puma sangakane galu wodziyesa, mbewa kapena nyani. Komabe, malo akuluakulu pakudya kwamphangayo amakhala ndi anthu osapembedza: Wosayirira-wakuda, wamisala yoyera ndi pampas deer, wapiti, moose, caribou ndi nkhokwe. Ku North America, gawo la osabereka mu chakudya cha nyama iyi ndi 60% kapena kuposerapo. M'mapiri a ku South America, mitengo yamiyala imasaka bwino ngamila zoweta. Nthawi zina, amagwirira ziweto, amphaka, agalu ndi nkhuku.
Akuti pume wamwamuna wamkulu amapha nswala masiku onse 9 mpaka 12, kudya nyama pafupifupi 8 kg nthawi imodzi, ndikubisalira zotsalazo. Mpaka nyama itadyedwa kwathunthu, chilombocho chimakhala chapafupi, ndikupumula pafupi ndi khosalo. Zidyamakanda zina, komanso omenya m'miyendo, amayesa kusangalala ndi zotsalazo za chakudya, ndipo nthawi zambiri maphwandowo tsiku lotsatira amayenera kukasakanso. Nthawi zambiri nyama zotsogola zimasaka madzulo, ndikosavuta kuthamangira nyama yomwe mukufuna, koma ngati ali ndi njala, akhoza kuyesa masana ake.

Pum chitetezo

Chithunzi: Puma kuchokera ku Red Book

Malonda atatu a ma cougars adalembedwa mu Zakumapeto I CITES: Puma concolor couguar, Puma concolor coryi, Puma concolor costaricensis. Kuzisaka ndizoletsedwa m'maiko onse kapena ochepa. Komabe, abusa kapena eni kusaka akupitiliza kuteteza minda yawo kwa mikango yamapiri popha ziweto zosaka ng'ombe.

Florida puma Puma Pore concolor coryi amalembedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu Mndandanda Wofiyira wa IUCN ndipo ali ndi udindo "wovuta". Imayang'aniridwa kwambiri, malo osungirako nyama ndi malo amtchire amapangidwa, pomwe ma radiyo amaikidwa kuti azitsatira mayendedwe a nyama. Mu malo osungira nyama amamera bwino ndipo amabala ana.

Asayansi akugwira ntchito kuti athe kudutsa mitundu ya zakudya zam'madzi ku Florida ndi ena onse. Takonzedweratu kuti mikango yaku America ichokere ku mayiko ena, koma ntchitoyi siyophweka. Nkhalango za Florida zimazimiririka nthawi zambiri mwachangu, mwachitsanzo, nkhalango za ku South America.

Pakadali pano, akuyesayesa kuti amphaka amtchire agwedwe. Komabe, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha chitetezo cha anthu nthawi zonse. Iwo amene akufuna kubweretsa nyama yachilendoyo kunyumba kwawo ayenera kukumbukira kuti nyama zamphamvu izi komanso zokoma sizimvera aliyense ndipo zimakonda ufulu.

Cougar - cholengedwa chamtendere choyenerana ndi munthu. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti amapewa anthu amtali. Omwe amachitiridwa nkhanza ndi ana kapena anthu odabwitsidwa omwe amayendayenda mkango wamapiri usiku. Mukakumana ndi nyama, sikuvomerezedwa kuthamanga, yang'anani m'maso mwake ndikufuula.

Vocalization

Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kameneka, mitengo ya mgwalangwa singabangule kwambiri, koma ndi nyama zopanda chete. Kulira kokweza, pang'ono ngati kulira kwa munthu, kumachotsedwa ndi akazi nthawi yamakaka. Kulankhulana ndi mphaka, "amalankhula" kachetechete. Kuphatikiza apo, ma cougars amatha kutsuka ngati amphaka am'nyumba.