Banja la Redstart limaphatikizapo mitundu 13 ya mbalame, zomwe zambiri zimakhala ku China, kumapiri a Himalayas, ku European Plain, makamaka m'chigawo chapakati cha Siberia, gawo laling'ono la Asia.

Redstart amatanthauza mbalame zamtunduwu, zomwe zimasankha malo okhala kapena malo okhala nkhalango, kapena mapiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambiransoYemwe dzina lake lachiwiri ndiotchiyo ndioyimira aliyense ku Europe. Ndipo nkhalango za Siberian za Siberi zimafikira kumpoto komwe amakhala kuyambiransoSiberia.

Redstart, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa dimba kapena kuyambiranso - mbalame mbalame yochokera kubanja la ntchentche, gulu la mpheta. Imatchedwa imodzi mwa mbalame zokongola kwambiri zomwe zimakhala m'mapaki athu, minda, mabwalo.

Kulemera kwa thupi la mbalame yocheperako sikumapitilira 20 g, kutalika kwa thupi lopanda mchira ndi 15 cm, mapiko omwe amafotokozedwa kwathunthu amafika masentimita 25. Chowoneka mosiyana ndi zomwe zimapangidwaso ndi mchira wake wokongola, womwe, popanda kukokomeza, umawoneka ngati "ukuyaka" padzuwa.

Mu chithunzi, redstart

Sikovuta kuzindikira kukongola koteroko ngakhale kuchokera kutali, ndipo izi, ngakhale kuti kukula kwa chithunzicho sikokulirapo kuposa mpheta. Ikuuluka kuchoka kunthambi kupita kunthambi, yofiyirako nthawi zambiri imawulula mchira wake, ndipo ngati kuti pakuwunika dzuwa, imayaka ndi lawi lowala.

Monga mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, yamphongo imayimira mitundu yayikulu yolimba. Nthenga za mchira wake ndi zofiira ndi moto.

Yaikaziyo imapakidwa utoto wamtundu wa azitona ndimitundu yosakaniza ndi imvi, ndipo gawo lakumunsi ndi mchira wake ndi wofiyira. Zowona, si mitundu yonse ya redstart pamchira yomwe imakhala ndi madontho akuda. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chosiyanitsa. redstart blackie ndi bwenzi lathu - Siberia.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa kwatsopano

Mwa njira, akatswiri a zamankhwala amatcha mtundu waukulu kwambiri mwa mitundu yonse yofotokozedwa ya redstart. red-bellies redstart. Wamphongo, mwachizolowezi, ndi wowoneka bwino kuposa wamkazi.

Ali ndi korona komanso chakumaso kwa mapiko oyera, kumbuyo, kumbuyo kwa thunthu, khosi limakhala lakuda, ndipo mchira, sternum, pamimba komanso gawo la ma plumage omwe amakhala pamwamba pa mchira amapakidwa utoto ndi kukokana ndi dzimbiri. Mu mitundu yamitunduyi, munthu amatha kuganizira bwino za kuchuluka kwamitundu yambiri.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Ngakhale mbalame ya ku Siberia imayimira nkhalango zamtchire, imapewa nkhalango zowirira. Kwambiri, mtunduwu umapezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mapaki osiyidwa ndi m'minda, m'malo ometera, pomwe pali zitsa zambiri. Monga mwachizolowezi, mbalameyi imakonda kukhazikika m'maenje okumba pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu.

Chithunzi Chithunzi cha Siberian

Kuyambiranso kuimba iyenera kuwunika bwino kwambiri. Zojambula zake ndimayimbidwe apakatikati, otsekemera, osiyanasiyana, omangidwa. Phokosoli limayamba ndi chil-chil chokwanira - ndipo "kenako nkumapita mu hilchir-chir-chir".

Mverani kuyimba kwa kuyambiranso

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pakuyimba kwanyimbo, mutha kugwira zida zamitundu yambiri. Mwachitsanzo, khutu loyengedwa limatha kumva nyimbo zosangalatsa za nyenyezi, zaryanka, pomwe ena adzazindikira kuti nyimboyi ikugwirizana ndi kuimba kwa tit, finch, ndi flycatcher yosokosera.

Redstart amakonda kuyimba nthawi zonse ndipo ngakhale usiku tayiga imadzaza ndi timiyala tofewa ta zolengedwa zodabwitsazi zachilengedwe. Zowonjezera pang'ono za nyimbo za Redstart: akatswiri a zamankhwala adawona kuti champhongo kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yakukhwima, atamaliza konsati yayikulu, amafalitsa mpukutu waufupi, womwe umatha kutchedwa kuti kolasi.

Chifukwa chake, nyimbozi ndi zomveka zomwe zimadzazidwa ndi mawu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame, ndipo wamkuluyo akamasewera, amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyimboyo komanso amakhala waluso kwambiri.

Redstart Zakudya Zabwino

Zakudya zatsopano zimadalira malo. Amadyera makamaka ndi tizilombo. Samanyalanyaza mitundu yonse ya tizilombo, ndi kuwanyamula pansi, ndikuchotsa panthambi, ndi kupeza masamba agwa.

Ndi kuyambika kwa yophukira, zakudya za redstart zimadzala kwambiri, ndipo zimatha kuluma zipatso zamtchire kapena zamaluwa, monga phulusa laphiri wamba, viburnum, currant, elderberry, aronia ndi ena.

Pomwe chakudya chimatha, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimapezeka pakati pa nthawi yophukira, redstart imasonkhana nthawi yachisanu m'malo otentha, makamaka m'maiko otentha ku Africa. Kuuluka kwa mbalame zamtunduwu kumachitika usiku.

Kubwezeretsanso kumalo kwawo ngakhale masamba asanatsegule. Mbalamezi zikangofika kumalo odyera, nthawi yomweyo yamphongo imayamba kufunafuna malo a chisa. Monga tanena kale, zisa za mbalame zimakhazikitsidwa m'maenje a mawonekedwe achilengedwe kapena owoneka.

Mabowo a Woodpecker ndi malo abwino kwambiri ogona, koma chitsa cha mtengo, chomwe chili ndi malo obisika pafupi ndi nthaka palokha, ndioyenera izi. Ma pichugs saopa kukhazikika pafupi ndi munthu, kotero zisa zawo zimatha kupezeka m'mafakitala, pazenera pazenera ndi malo ena obisika m'nyumba zomwe anthu amakhala.

Wamphongo, wamkazi asanafike, amatetezera mokwanira malo omwe wapeza ndikuthamangitsa alendo osafunsidwa ndi iye.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Mwambo wosangalatsa kwambiri umachitidwa ndi wobwezeretsanso panthawi yachinyamata. Wamphongo ndi wamkazi amakhala pansi pambali panthambi, pomwe mwana wamiseche atatambasulira malo osankhidwa ndi osankhikawo, panthawiyo amakoka mapiko ake m'mwamba ndikupanga mawu oseketsa, okumbutsa osagwirizana.

Mayiyo akabwereranso, amachoka nthawi yomweyo kuchokera kunthambi ndikuuluka, nkukhala banja. Koma ngati wamkazi, mwachitsanzo, sakonda malo osankhidwawo, amachoka ku Romeo, mwachikondi, osazengereza.

Mu chithunzi, chisa chokhazikikanso pamalo

Zachikazi zimapanga chisa, ndipo zimatenga sabata limodzi. Nthawi yonseyi kubwezeretsaku kumakoka munthu wogwira ntchito, kapena m'malo mwake, zodyetsa zisa. Zinthuzo zimatha kukhala moss, ubweya ndi tsitsi la nyama zapakhomo ndi zakuthengo, zopota za ulusi, chingwe, chingwe, chomwe chimakhazikika kunyumba ndi ziphuphu zina zomwe zimapezeka pafupi.

Kuyika kwa redstart kumakhala ndi mazira 6, nthawi zambiri 7-8 a iwo. Redstart Mazirayokutidwa ndi chipolopolo cha buluu. Masonry makulitsidwe a khungu kumatenga milungu iwiri.

M'masiku oyambilira, wamkazi amalolera kuchoka chisa kuti adye, kenako, ndikubwerera kwawo, amakoloweka mazira mosamala kuti kutentha kumachitika bwino.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ngati mayi woyembekezerayo asakhalapo kwa nthawi yoposa kotala la ora, ndiye kuti bambo wosamala amatenga malo osungirako ndipo amakhala pomwepo mpaka wamkazi atabwerako.

Mu chithunzi, mwana wankhuku yatsopano

Kukula kwachinyamata kumawonekera kumapeto kwa masika kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Redstart Chick wobadwa wakhungu ndi wogontha, izi sizosiyana ndi zina, chifukwa m'mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, anapiye amabadwa mwanjira iyi.

Makolo onsewa amadyetsa ana. Komabe, masiku angapo oyambawo mkazi samatuluka mu chisa, kuti anapiyewo asasungunuke, ndipo tate wa banjalo apeza chakudya, ndipo amadyetsa onse achikazi ndi anapiye.

Nthawi zambiri yamphongo imakhala ndi ndulu zingapo, pamenepa amasamalira banja limodzi komanso linzake, koma m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Amawulukira chisa chimodzi nthawi zambiri, ndipo enawo samuwona pafupipafupi.

Kukula ndi kukhala ndi mphamvu, anapiye atatha theka la mwezi, osatha kuwuluka pano, amayamba kutuluka pang'onopang'ono mu chisa chotentha. Sabata ina, makolo amadyetsa ana awo, omwe nthawi imeneyo sanapite patali ndi chisa. Patatha sabata limodzi, anapiye amalimba mtima ndikuyamba kuthawa, pambuyo pake amakhala okonzeka kudzidalira.

Okwatirana, atamasula mwana woyamba, osataya nthawi, amapitanso kukagona kwina ndipo zonse zimabwereza. Nthawi yayitali yodziwika bwino kwambiri yokhala kuthengo nthawi zambiri imaposa zaka 10; kunyumba, atasamalidwa bwino, amatha kukhala kanthawi kochepa.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Kukula kwa mbalameyo ndikofanana ndi kukula kwa mpheta yodziwika bwino ndi aliyense, masentimita 10-16. Kuchuluka kwa munthu ndi pafupifupi 8-10 g. Mapiko a mapiko a mbalame amafika mpaka masentimita 25. Mapiko ndi opyapyala, okwera. Mbalame yaying'ono siyitha kunyalanyazidwa chifukwa cha mtundu wowala wam'mimba komanso nthenga za mchira. Mtundu wa lalanje woyaka wapatsa dzinalo dzina. Kuyambiranso kuyang'ana pachithunzicho kukuwonetsa kuti sungasokonezedwe ndi aliyense. Mutu, kumbuyo kwamithunzi imvi. Cheki, khosi lakuda. Chachikazi chimavala zovala zofiirira, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira - ochepera pang'ono kuposa achimuna. Mwa achichepere, maula ndi amvi ndi malo owaza. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mbalame zamtundu uliwonse zimayamba kuzimiririka. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mulomo wokwera, pang'ono pang'ono. Imasinthidwa bwino kwambiri pogwira nyama.

Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake kagwedezekenso ndikupiringiza kwa mchira kwachilendo. Mbalame zosamukira zimapita kumalo obisalako ku Central Africa koyambilira kwa nyengo. Nthawi zonse amauluka usiku mu Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Mu April, Epulo - Epulo, amabwerera kumalo awo okhalamo. Njira zoyeserera kuti mbalame zizikhala mumakhola zimayenda bwino ndi chisamaliro chabwino. Koma kuyambiranso kumazolowera munthu kwa nthawi yayitali, ku ukapolo kumayimba pang'ono. Poyamba, mapiko amamangiriridwa ndi mbalamezo, apo ayi amenya motsutsana ndi khola ndikufa.

Kodi amakhala kuti?

Ku Europe, redstart imakhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana zopepuka, ndipo ku Africa ndi Asia Minor kumakhalanso nkhalango zamapiri. Amachoka m'malo amiyala ndi pathanthwe pafupi ndi mitengo yamapiri kupita kwa wachibale wake - wofiyira wakuda.

M'minda ina, mitundu yonse ya mbalamezi imakhala limodzi. Mwa malo omwe mumakonda kukhalamo omwe mumapangidwanso ndi mapaki akale ndi ma paki, pomwe pali mitengo yambiri yakale. Ku Berlin, malo okhalamo anthu okhala m'matauni, minda, ndi manda. Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala m'matawuni kukuchulukirachulukira m'nkhalango zamatawuni. Kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, oyambitsanso ayambanso kukonzekera kuthawa kukayenda ku Africa. Nthawi yozizira imakhala kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa.

Redstart: mbalame yokhala ndi mchira wokongola wowala bwino

Redstart ndi mbalame yachilendo kwambiri komanso yokongola yaying'ono, yomwe ndi ya Passeriformes. Si mitundu yonse ya mbalameyi yomwe imapezeka ku Russia; ambiri omwe amatchedwa subspecies samawulukira m'maiko athu.

Mbalame zomwe zimatchulidwa kwambiri komanso zomwe zimakambidwa kwambiri pamtunduwu zimatha kudziwika ngati redstart (coot, dimba), chernushka ndi Siberian redstart.

Kutalika kwa thupi lake lonse kumafika pafupifupi masentimita 15, ndipo mapikowo ndi masentimita 24. Mbalameyo imalemera magalamu 20-25.

Kodi kubwezeretsa kumakhala kuti?

Mutha kukumana ndi mbalamezi m'maiko ambiri, koma ambiri amakhala kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, pafupifupi gawo lonse la Europe, ku China, India, ndi Russia.

Nthawi zambiri redstart imakhala m'madera omwe amapezeka mapiri, komabe, imakhalanso m'nkhalango, makamaka m'nkhalango za paini. Nkhalango wamba zopangidwa ndi zambiri zaluso ndi zitsamba zam'madzi ndizoyenereranso kukhazikitsa mbalamezi.

Kudera lathu, kubwezeretsa m'munda kumatha kupezeka m'mapaki, m'minda, m'minda yamasamba: chinthu chachikulu ndikuti pali mitengo yambiri yopanda zipatso yomwe ikukula mozungulira.

M'nyengo yozizira, redstart imawulukira kum'mwera kwa zilumba za Arabian ndikupita ku Africa.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mbalamezi. Kusiyana pakati pa mtundu uliwonse wa mbalamezi ndi mtundu wa nthenga zoyamba, zomwe ndizowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino kuposa mbalame zina.

Choyambiriracho chimakhala ndi mchira wofiira wowoneka bwino, ndipo nthenga zina zonsezo zimapakidwa zakuda, zoyera komanso zachitsulo. Amakhulupirira kuti mtundu waimuna umakhala wowala kwambiri kuposa makulidwe aakazi.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti nthawi yozizira, nsonga zachimuna za nthenga zimayamba kuyera pang'ono. Redstart ndi mbalame zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri: sizimangokhala phee, koma nthawi zonse zimawuluka, ndikupanga phokoso lalikulu.

Adani achilengedwe

Pakati pa adani achilengedwe a Redstart, mbalame zodya nyama zimakhala malo apadera, usana ndi usiku. Komanso choopsa ku mtunduwu ndi akhwangwala, maula ndi mbalame zina zodabwitsa zomwe zimakhala m'minda ndi m'mapaki.

Nyama zomwe zimadziwa kukwera mitengo, makamaka, a banja la marten, zimathanso kusaka redstart ndikudya onse akuluakulu ndi nyama zazing'ono ndi mazira. Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha mbalamezi, komanso mbalame zonse zokhala pamitengo, chimayimiriridwa ndi njoka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapeza zisa za redstart ndikudya mazira, anapiye, ndi mbalame zina zakale, zikagwidwa mosazindikira.

Mawu a mbalame

Mbali ina ya mbalameyo, kuphatikiza mtundu wake wa kavalo, ndi kuyimba kwapadera kwa redstart, komwe kumatha kugawidwa magawo angapo motsatizana: gawo loyambira, mathero ndi gawo lomaliza la zomwe zidapangidwira.

Pambuyo pakuwona zovalazo kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale munthu wamba wamba azitha kuzindikira kuti mbalame zamtunduwu panthawi ya nyimbo zawo zimayerekezera kulira kwa mbalame zina.

Ma Redstarts amaimba pafupifupi nthawi zonse, ndikupumula kuti apumule usiku, nthawi yomwe imakhala maola angapo. Kutuluka kwa dzuwa, mbalame zazing'ono zimadzuka ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimayamba kuimba nyimbo zake zosangalatsa. M'malo mwake, mbalameyi idadziwika ndi dzina chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino - nthenga zikuwala kwambiri m'mawonekedwe a dzuwa ladzuwa.

Mawonekedwe

Redstart ndi mbalame yomwe imaposa kukula kwa mpheta. Kutalika kwa thupi lake sikupitirira 10-15 cm, ndipo kulemera - 20 magalamu. Mapiko a mbalameyi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 25. M'mapangidwe ake, redstart imakhalanso ngati mpheta wamba, koma imakhala yowoneka bwino komanso yowala. Alibe thupi lalitali kwambiri ngati lopakidwa mozungulira pang'ono lomwe limakhala ndi malire ofunda, lofanana ndi mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi mlomo wofanana ndi wodutsa, koma wamtali komanso wowonda pang'ono.

Maso ali akuda komanso owala, ngati mikanda. Mapikowo ndi afupi, koma olimba mokwanira. Mchira wouluka umafanana ndi chimphona chotsegula, ndipo mbalame ikagona panthambi kapena pansi, mchira wake umawonekanso ngati fan, koma wopindidwa kale.

Ndizosangalatsa! M'mitundu ina ya redstart, makamaka okhala ku Asia, ma plumage ochokera kumtunda alibe mtambo, koma amtundu wa buluu kapena wonyezimira, womwe umapanga kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kamvekedwe kakang'ono ka utoto wa kumbuyo ndi kutuwa kwamtambo kwamtundu wa mbalame ndi mchira wake ofiira.

Miyendo ya redstart ndi yopyapyala, ya imaso kapena yakuda, misomali ndiyochepa koma yolimba: chifukwa cha iwo, mbalame imasungidwa mosavuta panthambi.

Khalidwe, moyo

Redstart wamba amatanthauza mitundu yosamukira ya mbalame: imakhala nthawi yachilimwe ku Eurasia, ndipo imawulukira ku Africa kapena ku Peninsula ya Arabia nyengo yachisanu. Nthawi zambiri, kusunthika kwa nyundo kwa mtunduwu, kutengera gawo la malo omwe mbalamezi zimakhala, kumayambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena theka zoyambilira za nyundo ndikugwa mozungulira pakati pa Ogasiti - kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Kubwereranso kwawo ku Epulo, kuwonjezera apo, amuna amafika masiku angapo kale kuposa akazi.

Mbalame zowala izi, zokhala m'maenje a mitengo, koma ngati sizingatheke, amamanga zisa m'malo ena achilengedwe: m'maenje ndi m'miyala ya mitengo ikuluikulu kapena pachitsa, komanso ngati mphanda m'nthambi za mitengo.

Ndizosangalatsa! Redstart ilibe chidwi ndi kutalika kwa chisa: mbalamezi zimatha kumanga zonsezo pansi komanso kumtunda kwa thunthu kapena nthambi za mtengo.

Nthawi zambiri, mayi m'modzi amakhala akugwira ntchito popanga chisa: amachipanga kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe pakati pake pali makungwa a mitengo, masamba oyuma a zitsamba zamasamba, masamba, ulusi wopota, singano ndi nthenga za mbalame.

Redstart amadziwika chifukwa cha kuyimba kwawo, komwe kumakhazikitsidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya nyimbo, zofananira ndi phokoso zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame, monga finch, starring, flycatcher.

Kugonana kwamanyazi

Kufanizira zamtunduwu mumtunduwu kumanenedwa: Amuna amasiyana kwambiri ndi akazi mu mitundu. Zowonadi zake, ndikoyamika ndendende kwa amuna omwe ali ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wamtambo wamtambo wonyezimira kuti mbalameyo idatchedwa dzina, popeza zazikazi zokhazikitsanso zojambula zimachita kupaka utoto: mu mithunzi yamtundu wa kuwala pang'ono komanso kulimba. Mitundu ina ya mtunduwu ndi yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yowala ngati yaimuna.

Ndizosangalatsa! Akazi sangadzitame chifukwa cha mtundu wowala: pamwamba amakhala wonyezimira, ndipo m'mimba mwawo ndi mchira wake ndiye owoneka bwino, ofiira ofiira.

Chifukwa chake, pakubwezeretsa kwachimuna, kumbuyo ndi kumutu kumakhala ndimtambo wakuda, m'mimba amapaka utoto wofiirira, ndipo mchirawo umakhala lalanje, lowala kwambiri, kwakuti kutali ndikuwoneka ngati ukuyaka ngati lawi. Kutsogolo kwa mbalameyo kumakongoletsedwa ndi malo oyera oyera, ndipo khosi ndi khosi m'mbali zimakhala zakuda. Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanayi, ya Redstart yaimuna ili kutali kwambiri, ngakhale kuti mbalame sizili zazikulu.

Mitundu ya redstart

Pali mitundu 14 ya redstart:

• Alashan Redstart
• Kubwezeretsanso
• Grest-mutu wofiyira
• Kuyambiranso
• Redstart wamba
• Kuyambiranso
• Bomba loyera-loyera
• Redstart yaku Siberian
• Redstart-yoyera-yoyera
• Redstart wokhala ndi ma red
• Redstart wokhala ndi nkhope yamtambo
• Grey Redstart
• Luzon Water Redstart
• Redstart-Wopanda maonekedwe

Kuphatikiza pa zolengedwa zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, panali mitundu ina yomwe inatha kale, yomwe imakhala m'malo a Hungary amakono munthawi ya Pliocene.

Habitat, malo okhala

Dera lokhazikitsidwako limafalikira ku Europe ndipo, makamaka ku Russia. Imayambira ku Great Britain ndipo imapita njira yonse ku Transbaikalia ndi Yakutia. Mbalamezi zimakhala ku Asia - makamaka ku China komanso kumapiri a Himalaya. Mitundu ina ya redstart imakhalanso kumwera - mpaka India ndi Philippines, ndipo mitundu ingapo imapezekanso ku Africa.

Malo obwezeretsanso ambiri amakonda kukhazikika kudera la nkhalango, ngakhale ndi nkhalango yotentha yopendekera kapena yodumphapo: wamba komanso yamapiri. Koma nkhonya zazikuluzikulu, mbalamezi sizimakonda ndikuzipewa. Nthawi zambiri, redstart imatha kupezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'minda yosiyidwa ndi m'mapaki, komanso osagwera m'nkhalango, pomwe pali zitsa zambiri. Ndi komwe mbalame zazing'onozi zimakonda kukhala: zitatha izi, m'malo otere sizovuta kupeza malo obisalamo kuti zisafike pangozi, komanso zinthu zomangira chisa.

Chakudya chofiyira

Redstart ndi mbalame yosavulaza. Koma chakumapeto, nthawi zambiri amadya zakudya zam'mera: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso zamtchire kapena zam'munda, monga wamba kapena aronia, currants, vakuru.

Ndizosangalatsa! Choyambidwacho sichinyansanso tizilombo tina ndipo m'chilimwe chimawononga tizirombo tambiri, monga kafadala wa kachilomboka, kafadala, masamba agalu, mbozi zosiyanasiyana, mbozi ndi ntchentche. Komabe, tizilombo topindulitsa monga, mwachitsanzo, akangaude kapena nyerere amatha kuzunzidwa ndi mbalameyi.

Komabe, kuyambiranso kumabweretsa zabwino zambiri, ndikuwononga tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tambiri tosiyanasiyana tosiyanasiyana. Mukakhala kundende, mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimadyetsedwa zonse tizilombo tamoyo komanso chakudya chapadera chotere.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Monga lamulo, abambo amachokera ku chisanu masiku angapo kale kuposa achikazi ndipo nthawi yomweyo amayamba kufunafuna malo oti amange chisa. Kuti achite izi, amapeza dzenje loyenerera, podi pamtengo, kapena ngakhale mitengo yomwe itagwa pansi. Mbalameyi siyisiye malo omwe imakonda ndipo sililola oyimbirana nawo kuti atengeko.

Akaziwo atafika, miyambo ya chibwenzi imayamba. Ndipo, ngati onse amphongo ndi malo osankhidwa ndi iye akhutitsidwa ndi amene wasankhidwayo, iye amamanga chisa ndi kuyikira mazira asanu mpaka asanu ndi anayi a ubweya wonyezimira mkati mwake. Pafupifupi, Redstart imatha pafupifupi masiku 7-8 kuti amange chisa, popeza ndioyenera bizinesi iyi.

Yaikazi imagwira mazira pafupifupi masiku 14. Kuphatikiza apo, m'masiku oyamba amachoka chisa kwa nthawi yochepa kuti akapeze chakudya, ndipo akabwerera, amatembenuza mazira kuti asaname mbali imodzi, chifukwa izi zimasokoneza kukula kwachidziwikire kwa anapiye. Ngati mkaziyo palibe kwa kotala la kotala, ndiye kuti mwamunayo amatenga malo awo kufikira atabweranso.

Ngati mazira omwe amaikidwa ndi mbalame kapena anapiye omwe sanatetezeke atamwalira pazifukwa zina, ndiye kuti kuphatikanso kwatsopano kumapangitsa kuti pakhale njira ina. Ma redstarts amawoneka osathandiza konse: amaliseche, akhungu komanso ogontha. Kwa milungu iwiri, makolo amadyetsa ana awo. Amabweretsa tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri monga ntchentche, akangaude, udzudzu, mbozi ndi mphutsi zazing'ono zokhala ndi chivundikiro chovuta kwambiri.

Ndizosangalatsa! Poyamba, mpaka anapiyewo atatha, mbalamezo sizichoka pachisa, chifukwa mwina zimatha kuzizirira. Pakadali pano, champhongo chimangobweretsa osati zokhazokha, komanso za iye.

Pakakhala ngozi, mbalame zazikulu zimayamba kuwuluka kuchokera ku nthambi imodzi kupita ku ina, zikulira mofuula, modabwitsa, motero, kuyesa kuthamangitsa zilombozo kapena kuzitembenukira zokha. Masabata awiri atabadwa, anapiye, omwe sangathe kuuluka, amayamba kuchoka chisa, koma osapita kutali ndi icho. Makolo sabata ina, kufikira atayamba kuthawa, amadyetsedwa. Ndipo atayambiranso kuwuluka, amayamba kudzipatula. Zikuwoneka kuti, wofikitsidwayo amafika pakutha msinkhu kumapeto kwa chaka chake choyamba cha moyo.

Mbalame zachikulire, anapiye atachoka pachisa chawo, amapanga dzira lachiwiri, motero, nthawi yotentha, redstart imatha kubereka popanda imodzi, koma ana awiri. Nthawi yomweyo, amatsitsa chilimwe kumapeto kwa chilimwe pasanafike pa Julayi, kotero kuti anapiye awo onse amakhala ndi nthawi yopumira komanso kuphunzira kuwuluka bwino nthawi yomwe atuluka nthawi yozizira. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti, mbalamezi si mitundu yotsika ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, zazimuna zimatha “kukhalabe paubwenzi” ndi zazikazi ziwiri kapena zingapo. Nthawi yomweyo amasamalira ana ake onse, koma m'njira zosiyanasiyana: amayendera chisa chimodzi pafupipafupi kuposa ena ndipo amakhala nthawi yambiri kumeneko kuposa ena.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Kubwezeretsa kofala kumatanthauza mitundu yomwe ili ponseponse, yomwe thanzi lake silikuwopsezedwa, ndipo linapatsidwa ulemu: "Zovuta Zosatha". Ndi mitundu ina yamtunduwu, sikuti zonse zimayenda bwino, chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, kuyambiranso kwamadzi ku Luzon kuli ponseponse ndipo mtundu wake umangokhala gawo laling'ono, kotero kuti kusintha kulikonse kwa nyengo kapena zochitika zachuma za anthu zitha kupha mbalamezi.

Mkhalidwe wa mitundu ina

• Alashan Redstart: "Yandikira Vulnerability."
• Redsted-Reded back: Chotengera Chidwi.
• Mutu wofiyira wa Grey: Wopepuka Wokhudzidwa.
• Blackstart Redstart: Zovuta Zoyipa.
• Field Redstart: Chotengera Chachikulu.
• Redstart-Wakukhondo-yoyera: Wosadandaula.
• Redstart ya ku Siberia: "Wodera nkhawa."
• White-brown Redstart: Wosachedwa Kudandaula.
• Redst-red-beled Redstart: Zovuta Zoyipa.
• Redstart wokhala ndi nkhope ya buluu: "Wosadandaula."
• Redstart wa Blue-eyed: "Osautsa Akuda nkhawa."
• Luzon Water Redstart: "Ali pachiwopsezo."
• Redst-White-wampira: "Oda Kuganizira."

Monga mukuwonera, mitundu yambiri ya redstart ndi yambiri komanso yotukuka, ngakhale pali kusiyana kwachilengedwe pakuchuluka kwa anthu. Komabe, ngakhale izi zili choncho, kumadera ena komwe mbalamezi zimakhala zazing'ono, mwachitsanzo, ku Ireland, komwe redstart ndizosowa kwambiri komanso chisa kutali ndi chaka chilichonse.

Ndizosangalatsa! M'mayiko angapo, njira zikuchitidwa kuti zisungitse kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi, mwachitsanzo, ku France kuli zoletsa kupha mwadala mbalamezi, kuwonongedwa kwa zidutswa zawo komanso kuwononga zisa. Komanso mdziko muno ndizoletsedwa kugulitsa zinthu zokhazokha kapena ziwalo za thupi, komanso mbalame zam'madzi.

Redstart ndi mbalame yaying'ono yofanana ndi mpheta komanso mawonekedwe owala, osakanikirana, omwe amaphatikiza mitundu yonse yozizira yamtambo kapena yamtambo, komanso yamtundu wamtundu wosagwirizana ndikuphatikizana ndi ofiira amoto owopsa kapena ofiira. Ndiofalikira ku North Hemisphere, komwe kumakhala nkhalango, minda, ndi mapaki. Mbalameyi, yomwe idadya makamaka tizilombo, imakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri, ikuwononga tizirombo ta m'nkhalango ndi m'munda.

Redstart nthawi zambiri amasungidwa mu ukapolo, chifukwa amasinthika ndikukhala ndi moyo wamtundu ndipo amatha kukhalamo kwa zaka zingapo. Zowona, wobwezeretsanso samakonda kuyimba mu ukapolo. Koma m'malo achilengedwe, mapilitsi awo amatha kumveka ngakhale mumdima, mwachitsanzo, mbandakucha kapena dzuwa litalowa.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Kulongosola koyambirira kwa kubwezeretsedwako kunapangidwa ndi wasayansi wachilengedwe waku Sweden C. Linney mu 1758 mu kusindikiza Systema Naturae pansi pa dzina la binomial Motacilla phoenicurus. Zina la genus Phoenicurus adasankhidwa ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe waku England Tomos Forster mu 1817. Mtundu ndi dzina la mitundu ya phoenicurus zimachokera ku mawu awiri achi Greek achi Greek akuti phoinix "ofiira" ndi -ouros - "wodetsedwa".

Chosangalatsa: Redstart ndi oimira banja la a Muscicapidae, omwe akuwonetsedwa moyenera ndi etymology ya dzina lasayansi, wobadwa chifukwa chophatikizidwa kwa mawu achi Latin akuti "musca" = kuuluka ndi "capere" = kugwira.

Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa redstart wamba ndiye wofiira kubadwa, ngakhale kusankha mtundu kumapereka kusatsimikizika pamenepa. Akuluakulu ake ayenera kuti anali oyambiranso kufalitsa ku Europe. Amakhulupirira kuti adachoka pagulu la omwe adayambiranso zaka pafupifupi 3 miliyoni zapitazo kumapeto kwa Pliocene.

Kanema: Redstart

Mwabwinobwino, redstart wamba komanso yakuda idakali yogwirizana ndipo imatha kupanga ma hybrids omwe amawoneka athanzi komanso odala. Komabe, magulu awiriwa a mbalame amasiyanitsidwa ndi machitidwe osiyana ndi momwe chilengedwe chimafunira, choncho ma hybrids ndi osowa kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Redstart inakhala mbalame pachaka ku Russia mu 2015.

Moyo & Habitat

Mitundu yokhazikikanso ndi yotakata, imadutsa gawo la North-West Africa, Asia ndi Europe. Mbalame zanyengo yozizira zimakhala kumwera kwa mitundu, ndipo pofika masika amabwerera ku Europe. Kubwera kwa mbalame kumadalira kutentha ndi maonekedwe a chakudya - kuchuluka kwa tizilombo m'minda, mapaki, ndi nkhalango.

Redstart kupewa malo ochepa, mawonekedwe awo m'nkhalango-steppe ndiwokayikitsa. Malo omwe amawakonda ndi mapaki akale ndi mitengo yopanda mabowo. Chiwerengero cha mbalame zamumidzi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chachikulu kuposa kuchuluka kwa nkhalango.

Redstart imakonda kukhalako yokha, motero mbalame zimasiyanitsidwa ndi inzake. Magulu amapangidwa pokhapokha ngati adzikundikira chakudya malo amodzi. Chilichonse chokhazikika chimakhala ndi chiwembu.

Mpaka mwezi wa Julayi mutha kumva kuyimba kwawo kwa nyimbo, makamaka usiku. Amuna achichepere amayimba kuposa ena. Kuyimba kwawo kumakhala pafupifupi nthawi yonse. Pambuyo pake mbalame zimatsika. Kumapeto kwa Julayi - kuyambira mwezi wa Ogasiti, redstart imakhala ndi nyengo ya molt. Pofika m'dzinja, mbalame zimawulukira kumadera akum'mwera kwa madera - maiko aku Africa, ku Peninsula ya Arabia.

Kuwona ma redstarts kukuwonetsa kuti amakonda kukhala m'minda m'minda yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mwapadera pamitengo yayitali. Amuna amafika choyamba kuti azikhala pampando ndikuwonetsa achikazi akufika kukonzekera kwawo kukumana.

Mchira wowala, ngati ma beacon, amakopa awiriwo pamalo osungirako malo. Kukopa kwa mbalamezi ndi wamaluwa ndikothandiza kwambiri. Zomera zamtsogolo ndizotetezedwa ku tizirombo: mbozi, udzudzu, kachilomboka. Kuyandikana ndi anthu sikuvutitsa mbalame.

Kugwiritsa ntchito Redstart kwa anthu

Mbalameyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri kulima komanso kukulitsa mbewu, chifukwa mbalameyo siidya masamba obiriwira, monga mitundu ina yambiri ya mbalame.Aanthu amasangalala mbalameyi ikakhala pafupi ndi kanyumba kanyumba kapenanso dimba lawo, chifukwa imawononga tizilombo tomwe timatha kuvulaza mawonekedwe kukolola kwabwino (izi ndi monga nsikidzi, kafadala, udzudzu ndi tizilombo tomwe timadya masamba).

Ara parrot

Kodi kubwezeretsa kumakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Redstart ku Russia

Kugawidwa kwa mitundu yakumadzulo ndi yapakati pano kwa Palearctic kumapezeka mu malo otentha a Eurasia, kuphatikizaponso dera la boreal, la Mediterranean ndi la steppe. Kum'mwera kwa malo okhala chisa kumangidwa ndi mapiri. Kumpoto kwa Iberian Peninsula, redstart sichofala, makamaka kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo kwake. Pali milandu yobalalika ya mbalamezi kumpoto kwa Africa.

Ku zilumba zaku Britain, izi zimachitika kum'mawa kwenikweni kwa Ireland ndipo sizikupezeka ku Scottish Islands. Kulowera chakum'mawa, gawoli limafikira ku Siberia kupita ku Lake Baikal. Magulu ena ang'onoang'ono amatha kupezeka kum'mawa kwake. Kumpoto, mtunduwo umafikira ku Scandinavia mpaka 71 ° kumpoto, kuphatikiza Kola Peninsula, kenako kummawa kwa Yenisei ku Russia. ku Italy, mitunduyi ilibe ku Sardinia ndi Corsica. Ma Habitats amamwazika padera la Balkan Peninsula ndikufika kumpoto kwa Greece.

Chochititsa chidwi: Amayambiranso zisa kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa Nyanja Yakuda komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Caucasus komanso pafupifupi 50 ° N kudutsa ku Kazakhstan kupita kumapiri a Saur ndikupitabe kum'mawa mpaka ku Altai. Kuphatikiza apo, kufalitsaku kumayambira ku Crimea komanso kum'mawa kwa Turkey mpaka ku Caucasus komanso mapiri a Kopetdag ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Iran mpaka Pamirs, kumwera mpaka kumapiri a Zagros. Nyumba zazing'ono ku Syria.

Redstart wamba amakonda nkhalango zokhwima zomwe zili ndi mitsitsi ndi mitengo yayikulu, kuyambira pomwe malo abwino okhala ndi zitsamba zochepa komanso malo otsetsereka amatseguka, makamaka pomwe mitengoyo ndi yachikale kuti ikhale ndi mabowo oyenera nesting. Amakonda kukhala chisa pamphepete mwa nkhalangoyi.

Ku Europe, amaphatikizanso mapaki ndi minda yakale yamatawuni. Zimakhala m'malo obzala mwachilengedwe, mitengo yakufa kapena masamba omwe ali ndi nthambi zofunikira pamtunduwu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nkhalango zakale zotseguka, makamaka kumpoto kwa malo osungira.

Zikuwoneka bwanji

Redstart ikhoza kuzindikiridwa mosavuta, iyo mbalame yaying'ono yokhala ndi mchira wofiyira. Chowoneka mosiyana ndi redstart ndi mtundu wa mchira ndi m'mimba; ndi ofiira ofiira, kumbuyo ndi imvi. Ngakhale izi, zazikazi zimakhala zofiirira. Paulendo wothawa kuchoka ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi, redstart imakhotetsa mchira wake, womwe umawoneka ngati moto wowala padzuwa, kenako nkuwunduka. Woyambitsanso dzina adatchulidwa chifukwa cha utoto wokhazikika wa mchira wake, zikuwoneka kuti "ukuyaka" (mchira ukuyaka).

Pakati pa redstart, pali mitundu ingapo yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imaphatikizapo redstart (yofala), yokonzedwanso, Sibertan redstart, red-beled redartart, redotetrot, munda redstart. Nthawi yomweyo, onsewa amasiyana mgulu lofooka, mulomo wowoneka ngati awl wokhala ndi kakang'ono kumapeto, miyendo yayitali komanso yopyapyala.

Kodi oyambiranso amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Chachikazi Redstart

Redstart imafunafuna chakudya makamaka pansi, m'malo otsika ndi udzu. Ngati kumtunda kwa chitsamba kapena mtengo kuli tizilombo tambiri tambiri, mbalameyo imadyanso. Zakudya zomwe zimapangidwanso upya zimakhala ndi nyama zazing'ono zopanda pake, koma zakudya zam'mera, makamaka zipatso, zimayesetsanso. Muli mitundu yodyera ndizosiyanasiyana, imaphatikizapo mabanja opitilira 50, tizilombo ta arachnids osiyanasiyana komanso ambiri okhala m'nthaka.

Zakudya zatsopano zimaphatikizanso:

Zipatso ndi zipatso zina nthawi zina zimadyetsedwa anapiye, komanso mukatha kubereka nthawi yayitali, nyama zazikulu zimadya. Tizilombo todzitchinjiriza monga njuchi ndi mavu sagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba. Kukula kwa kupanga ndikuchokera mamilimita awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu. Nyama yayikulu imasiyidwa isanadye. Redstart imayembekezera kuti nyamayo ioneke, ikubisala m'malo okwezeka monga miyala, mitengo kapena padenga, tchire losawerengeka kapena mitengo.

Mtunda wopangira nthawi zambiri umakhala wa mamita awiri kapena atatu, koma ungakhale wopitilira mita khumi. Ngati njira ina yosakira nyama, nyama yokhazikika imafunafunanso chakudya pansi m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kuti achite izi, amakhala ndi mawotchi osinthika bwino komanso zala zazitali zamkati ndi zakunja kuthamanga. Nthawi zambiri amakhala akusunthika. Chifukwa chake, chiwonetserocho chikuwonetsanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu pakusankha ndikuwedza nyama.

Kuyambiranso

Redstart redstart kapena redstart blackstart nthawi zambiri imapezeka ku Europe ndi Central Asia. Amachepera mpheta komanso kulemera magalamu 14-19. Wamphongo amakhala ndi gawo lamtundu wakuda bii, pamphumi, tchuthi, masaya, khosi ndi tsekwe zakuda, mchirawo utapakidwa utoto wachikasu ndi lalanje. Nthawi yomweyo, wamkazi amakhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira wonyezimira, kupatulapo chovala chofiyira ndi chofiyira chofiyira.

Mbalame zotere zimakhala kumapiri:

• miyala yamiyala
• m'mphepete mwa miyala
• m'malo otsetsereka okhala ndi timiyala tambiri

Amapezekanso m'malo omwe amakhala, komwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'malo opanga ndi zomanga, malo otseguka okhala ndi nyumba zophatikizana ndi mipope ya fakitale kapena nyumba zamatchalitchi. Redstartts yakuda imasungidwa yokha komanso awiriawiri.

Ku Ukraine, mtundu wokhotakhota wakuda umayesedwa ngati chisa, mitundu yosamukira ya mbalame yomwe imapezeka m'dziko lonselo.

Nyimboyi ndi yakale kwambiri komanso yamwano ndi zinthu zolaula, ngati chitofu. Poyamba, kumveka mawu okuluwika pang'ono, omwe amayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pambuyo pake amapanga thonje lalitali kwambiri. Mukuyambiranso, nyimboyo ikhoza kubwerezedwa kangapo mzere.

Kodi mbalameyi imadya chiyani?

Mbalame zotere zimadyera mbozi zokwawa komanso zowuluka: ntchentche, mbozi, udzudzu, ziphuphu za agulugufe, ndi akangaude ndi nkhono zazing'ono zimatha kutchulidwa kuti zimadya. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti mbalame zazing'onozi zimangodya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, timasaka zipatso zamtundu uliwonse zazing'ono zomwe zimamera pamitengo ndi zitsamba.

Njira yopezera ndikudya chakudya ndizosangalatsa, redstart sikuti imadya tizilombo: choyamba, mbalameyo ikagwira nyama, kenako imapita kumalo komwe kulibe ngozi. Chikumbu chachikulu chimakankhidwa ndi redstart ndi mulomo wake, kapena kuti chimagwera pansi molimba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kwa ziwala kapena tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, timayamwa timiyendo tawo.

Asanabweretse chakudya chawo kwa anapiye, ndiye kuti amalumikizanso ndi kudula kachilomboka ndikang'amba zipatso, ndipo zitatha izi amatumiza "puree" iyi pamlomo wa ana awo.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Male Redstart

Redstart nthawi zambiri imakhala pamtunda wotsika wa mitengo kapena tating'ono tating'ono ndikuchita mayendedwe osangalatsa amanjenje. Kuti apeze chakudya, mbalameyi imangopita pansi kapena kugwira tizirombo tikamauluka mlengalenga. Nyengo zapakati pa Africa ndi Arabia, kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara, koma kumpoto kwa equator komanso kuchokera kum'mawa kwa Senegal kupita ku Yemen. Mbalame zimasamukira kumadera omwe ali pafupi ndi nyengo ya savannah. Osamukira nthawi yachisanu nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ku Sahara kapena Western Europe.

Chochititsa chidwi: Kummwera chakum'mawa kumakhala kotentha kum'mwera kwa malo osungirako, makamaka kum'mwera kwa Chigawo cha Arabian, ku Ethiopia ndi Sudan kum'mawa kwa Nile. Redstart imachoka m'mawa nthawi yachisanu. Kusamukira kumachitika kuyambira pakati pa Julayi ndikutha kwinakwake kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Nthawi yayikulu yonyamuka ili mu theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti. Mbalame zam'mbuyo zimatha kupezeka mpaka Okutobala, osowa kwambiri mu Novembala.

M'malo oswana, mbalame zoyambirira zimafika kumapeto kwa Marichi, nthawi yayikulu yakufika ndiyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Kusunthira kosunthira kwadongosolo kumadalira chakudya chomwe chilipo. Mu nthawi yozizira, zochuluka za chakudya zimapangidwa ndi zipatso. Atafika, amunawo amayimba pafupifupi tsiku lonse, nyimbo yawo yokha siyimaliza. Mu Julayi, kuyambiranso sikumvekanso.

Kukhetsa kumachitika mu Julayi - Ogasiti. Redstart si mbalame zosangalatsa, chifukwa nthawi yakubzala, nthawi zambiri amakhala okha akamafunafuna chakudya. M'malo mongodziunjikira nyama, mwachitsanzo, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, pamakhala mbalame zochepa, koma pamenepo mtunda pakati pawo umakhalabe.

Momwe ma redstart amapangidwira

Nthawi zambiri, redstart amamanga zisa zawo m'maenje a mitengo yosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina zisa zawo zitha kumangidwa pansi pa denga la nyumba yomwe anthu amakhala kapena nyumba yopangidwa ndi nkhuni (nkhuni).

Zomwe zimachitika pomanga zisa pamizu ya mitengo sizachilendo: ndikothekera kokwanira kukonza komwe mbowo izakulungidwira. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku udzu, nthambi, mbewa, nthawi zina amapezeka ulusi, zingwe, ubweya wa thonje umagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Wamphongo amaonetsetsa kuti mbalame zina sizikhazikika pachisa chatsopano, amathandizanso kuyeretsa nyumba yotchedwa anapiye momwemo - anapiye (tsiku lililonse amachotsa chilichonse chosafunikira mulomo).

Mbalame imayamba kuyikira mazira kumapeto kwa Meyi, mu clutch imodzi pali mazira 6-8 a mtundu wabuluu. Kudula matendawa kumatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri, kenako anapiyewo akamaberekanso chisa masiku ena 15.

Zonse zazikazi ndi zazikazi zimadyetsa ana awo: amabweretsa chakudya kwa anapiye awo mpaka 500 patsiku. Makolo amayenda ndi anapiyewo mpaka atayamba kuwuluka molimba mtima ndikupeza chakudya chawo.

Grey-mutu kapena Common Redstart

Imvi kapena mtundu wofiyira wamba ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zokongola. Komabe, wamwamuna yekha ndi amene angadzitamande ndi nthenga zokongola za penti, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa akazi ndi kosauka. Mtundu wake ndi wodera, koma mchira wake ndi wofiyira. Amuna, maula amsana ndi phulusa, chifuwa, m'mimba, mmbali ndi mchira adazijambula utoto wofiyira, koma kummero kwake ndi masaya ake ndi zakuda. Komanso nthawi zina wamphongo amakhala ndi mphumi yoyera.

Redstart wamba amakhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, Eurasia komanso ku Russia.

Ngakhale pali kusiyana kwakunja, kubwezeretsanso komwekonso kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kuyimba kwanyimbo. Poyambirira, kupukusa kumachitika pafupipafupi komanso kwamphamvu, koma pakapita nthawi, ma trill frequency amachepa.

Luso la mbalame

Ubwino waukulu wa kuyambitsanso ndi kuyimba kwake, komwe kumagawika zigawo zitatu: kuyambitsa, chimake ndi chimaliziro.

Ngati mungayang'anire momwe amaimbira, mutha kuwona kuti nthawi zambiri kuyambiranso kumakhala ngati kutsutsana ndi kuimba kwa mbalame zina.

Mbalame zimayimba pafupifupi nthawi yonse, zimapuma nthawi yausiku okha, kwenikweni kwa maola ochepa. Kutuluka kwa dzuwa, amayamba kupanga mawu amatsenga a nyimbo yawo yokongola, kupukutira mchira wawo mwachangu.

Pofika m'bandakucha, poyambiranso kuyimba, mtundu wa maula amawalira makamaka kuchokera kukuwala kwa dzuwa, motero malowedwewo adalipeza dzina, chifukwa kuchokera kuphatikiza mchira wa lalanje ndi kuwala kwake, zitha kuwoneka kuti nthenga zanthete zimangowoneka ndikuwala.

Nthawi zambiri amuna amayimba, amatha kuimba pafupifupi 500 nyimbo tsiku limodzi.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Yambitsaninso zisa m'mapanga kapena zipsinjo chilichonse m'mitengo, zisa za kuni. Mkati sikuyenera kukhala mumdima kwathunthu, uyenera kuyatsidwa ndi kuwala kofooka, monga khomo lalikulu kapena dzenje lachiwiri. Nthawi zambiri mtunduwu umafalikira m'mapanga abata, monga miyala yamiyala, m'makhoma a mpanda. Nthawi zambiri zisa zimakhala m'nyumba zomangidwa ndi anthu. Zisa zambiri zimapezeka kutalika kwa mita imodzi mpaka isanu. Ngati zomangazi zayikidwa pansi, ndiye kuti zizikhala pamalo otetezedwa.

Redstart amatsatira njira yodziwitsa za kubereka. Amphongo amafika pang'ono pobisalira kumalo osungira ndipo amapita kokafunafuna malo abwino opangira zisa. Chisankho chomaliza chimapangidwa ndi mkazi. Chisa chimamangidwa pafupifupi ndi chachikazi, chomwe chimatenga masiku 1.5 mpaka 8. Kukula nthawi zambiri kumadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa malo okhala patsekeke.

Udzu, udzu, mbewa, masamba, kapena singano za paini zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyala malo. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala timalingaliro tating'ono ta zina, zopangira ma coarser, monga khungwa, nthambi zazing'ono, lichens kapena msondodzi. M'lifupi mwake nyumbayo ndi yochokera pa 60 mpaka 65 mm, kuya ndikuyambira pa 25 mpaka 48 mm. Mkati mumakhala zofanana zofanana ndi maziko, koma ndizowonda kwambiri ndipo zimayikidwa molondola. Imakutidwa ndi nthenga, moss, tsitsi la nyama, kapena china chofananira.

Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Ngati ana atayika, pakhoza kubwezeretsedwanso mochedwa kwa ana. Kuyamba koyamba kwa oviposition ndiko kutha kwa Epulo / Meyi, Meyi, oviposition yomaliza idawonedwa theka loyamba la Julayi.

Clutch imakhala ndi 3-9, nthawi zambiri mazira 6 kapena 7. Mazira ndi chowulungika, okhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira pang'ono wamtambo pang'ono wonyezimira. Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 12 mpaka 14 ndipo imayamba patangotha ​​dzira lomaliza. Kumenyera anapiye amatha nthawi yoposa tsiku limodzi. Pambuyo masiku 14, mbalame zazing'ono zimayamba kuwuluka. Mbalame zazing'ono zimasamukira mofulumira kumadera achisanu komwe zimakhala. Amakhala okhwima pofika kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo.

Kubwezeretsa m'munda

Redstart yamaluwa amakonda kupangira zisa pa mitengo, yomwe ili m'minda yazipatso zakale, m'mapaki. Nthawi yomweyo, amakonda kukhala kutali ndi anthu. Zoyala zam'munda zimapezekanso m'nkhalango zazitali zosakanizika, m'nkhalango zachilengedwe, momwe nthawi zonse mumakhala zitsamba zowirira.

Mbendera yam'muna yachimuna imakhala ndi thupi lakumaso la imvi, pakhosi lakuda, mbali ndi pamphumi. Kuphatikiza apo, kumtunda kwa mutu komanso pakati pa thupi lakumbuyo kumakhala ndi mtundu woyera. Chifuwa, mbali ndi mchira wowala dzimbiri. Mosiyana ndi amuna, akazi amapaka utoto wakuda, koma mbali yakumbuyo ya imvi. Komanso pa nthenga za imvi za thupi lakumunsi kumakhala zingwe zachikasu.

Kuyimba kwa bwaloli m'munda kumakhala kogwirizana komanso kolemera. Poimba pali nyimbo zosimba ndi zodekha. Ngakhale izi, kuyambitsanso ndi nthabwala yabwino komanso yopanda manyazi, chifukwa chake imamasulira nyimbo za anthu ena.

Kubwezeretsanso

Redstart-coot - mbalame yaying'ono yochepera pamapazi oonda. Izi ndi mbalame zoyenda kwambiri, motero zimouluka m'malo osiyanasiyana tsiku lonse, zikumangiriza mchira wawo wokongola.

Kuyimba m'miyala yatsopano ndikusiyana ndi enawo. Nyimboyi imakhala ndi kakang'ono, kakang'ono kamphuno, kamayamba ndi mawu owonjezera ndikumaliza ndikulimbikitsa kosiyana kwambiri ndi mkati mwa nyimbo.

Zosangalatsa komanso zachilendo mwa mbalameyi

• Kuwona pa kalilore chiwonetsero cha thupi lake, wofiyira amatha kumuthamangitsa pomukantha,
• Akazi amakonda kugwira tizilombo padziko lapansi, pomwe yamphaka imagwira tizilombo nkuthawa.
• Redstart can nestlings of mbalame zina (mwachitsanzo, tinthu ting'onoting'ono) pamodzi ndi zathu: adyetseni, aphunzitseni kudya ndi kuwuluka.

Redstart ndi imodzi mwazosangalatsa komanso zodziwika bwino, mtundu wake sungasokonezeke ndi mtundu wina wa mbalame!

Redstart yaku Siberian

Redstart ya ku Siberia imapezeka m'nkhalango zowala, zitsamba, minda, ndipo ngakhale midzi ina kumwera kwa Siberia, Amur ndi Foreye. Nthawi yomweyo, zisa zimakonzedwa m'maenje, miyala yosweka, mulu wamiyala kapena pansi pa denga la nyumba.

Mu Redstart yachimuna ya ku Siberia, kumtunda kwa mutu ndi khosi kumakhala imvi lowoneka bwino, mbali za mutu, kummero, kumbuyo ndi mapiko zakuda, koma pali mapiko oyera pamapiko. Mimba ndi mchira wake zili zofiira kwambiri. Chachikazi chimafanana ndi redstart wamba wamkazi. Mafuta ake ndi a bulauni, koma mchira, ngati waimuna, ndi wofiyira. Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso ndi malo oyera pamapiko.

Redstart wokhala ndi ma red

Redstart-Red-beled Redstart ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi Siberian Redstart, koma ikuluikulu komanso yowala. Wamphongo amakhala ndi chifuwa chofiira kwambiri, koma chachikazi chimakhala ndi chifuwa komanso malo oyera kumapiko.

Amakhala m'malo okwera a Central Caucasus ndi Southern Siberia, koma nyengo yotentha imakhala m'mapiri otsika - m'nkhalangozi za msondodzi wamadzi.

Kufalitsa

Redstart ndi mbalame zamitundu yonse ku Europe, motero malo ake ndizosiyanasiyana. Imapezeka ku Europe, ambiri aku Western ndi Central Siberia ndi Western Asia. Kwambiri amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango za paini. Komabe, malo akuluakulu okhalamo zodyera adakali m'mbali mwa nkhalango, zitsa za mitengo, minda yakale, minda ndi mapaki. Kuphatikiza apo, redstart amakonda kukhala zisa m'misasa, momwe zisa zimayikidwa bwino. Zomera zimakhazikika m'maenje, pamiyala yayikulu ya mitengo, m'nkhalango zowirira ndi chitsa.

Nesting

Tizilombo timakhala m'malo otsekeka komanso osavomerezeka. Nthawi yomweyo, zisa zimamangidwa mosasamala komanso zimakhala ndi kapu. Kupanga poyambiranso, masamba osiyanasiyana owuma a herbaceous, ulusi wamatamba womwe umakhala ndi masamba osakanikirana, masamba ndi zidutswa za khungwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo pake, zinyalala zimakhazikitsidwa mchisa, zomwe zimakhala ndi ubweya, nthenga ndi zidutswa zamasamba. Kutalika kwa chisa chotere ndi kocheperako: mainchesi - 110 mm, kutalika - 90 mm, mainchesi mainchesi pafupifupi 90 mm, thireyi lakuya 40-70 mm.

Kuphatikiza apo, m'nkhalango nthawi zambiri mumakhala nyumba zapadera zopangidwanso mwatsopano zopangidwa ndi manja a anthu. Komabe, nyumbayo iyenera kupangidwa yokha mwapamwamba komanso yoyenera mbalame pazinthu. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa osowa - bolodi kapena lodutsa, pomwe makulidwe ake ali 2-2.5. Nthawi yomweyo, bolodi liyenera kukonzedwa kuchokera kunja kwa nyumba.

Nyumbayo ndiyabwino kuchita kukula koyenera:

• kutalika - 20-25 cm
• pansi - 12 mpaka 12
• mkatikati mwa pansi ndi 15-20 sq.cm
• m'mimba mwake - 3-4 cm
• mtunda kuchokera pansi pa notch mpaka pansi - 10-12 cm
• kuchokera pamwamba pa notch mpaka kudenga - 4-5 cm

Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti redstart sikuti alibe chidwi ndi nyumba za rhombic, kotero mutha kuziyika pakona. Kuphatikiza apo, m'chilimwe nyumba imayendetsedwa kumadzulo kapena kumwera, chinthu chachikulu sichikumana ndi mphepo.

Redstart amasungidwanso kunyumba. Amakhala bwino m'maselo. Komabe, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti akhazikitsidwe kangapo mu khola limodzi nthawi imodzi, chifukwa amamenya, nthawi zambiri asanafe.