Apistograms ndi nyumba kumapeto kwa mitsinje ya Amazon ndi Orinoco ku South America. Popita nthawi, nsomba zidayambitsidwa ndikupeza chitetezo m'malo otsalira kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Nsombazi zimakonda nyanja zosaya mosachedwa, mitsinje yokhala ndimitengo yambiri yamadzi ndi madzi oyera bwino.
Apistogram idayamba kufotokozedwa ndikuyamba kutchuka mu 1948 chifukwa chogulitsa nsomba zamadzimadzi Manuel Ramirez ndi nkhani yofalitsidwa pamaziko a zofotokozera zake mu nyuzipepala yaku America.
Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, apistogram yowoneka bwino komanso yosasamala ya ramirezi yatchuka. Mpaka pano, mitundu yambiri yamitundu iyi idapangidwa mwangozi: apinogram albino, golide, balloon, cockatoo ndipo makamaka okongola komanso ochititsa chidwi apistogram magetsi abuluu komanso chophimba. Malinga ndi momwe amasungidwira, ma subspecies onsewa si osiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake, ndiye malongosoledwe awa apita pa apistogram ya ramirezi.
Kufotokozera
Kukula kwa ma cichlids awa ndiocheperako, amakula mpaka 7 cm, ngakhale kukula kotsiriza kwa nsomba yachikulire, monga ena ambiri, kumadalira kuchuluka kwa madzi am'madzi, m'malo ochepa sangakule kuposa masentimita 3-5. Moyo wa gulugufe chromis ndi pafupifupi zaka 3-4.
Thupi la nsomba limakhala lozungulira, zipsepse ndizokwera, ndipo ziphuphu zokhala ndi chimpira ndizokulirapo mwa amuna kuposa zazikazi. Ma anal anal ndi ochepa ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Utoto wake umakhala wakuda, kutsogolo kwa thupi ndi lalanje. Mukutuluka, gawo ili mwa amuna limasandulika red. Kumbuyo kwa thupi, ziphuphu zomwe zili ndi malo owala, kunyezimira. M'mphepete mwa mutu mumayenda chingwe chakuda chodutsa m'maso mwa nsomba. Mizere yachiwiri ndi yachitatu ya ma dorsal fin ndi yayitali kuposa ena onse ndipo ndiakuda achikuda, kusandulika malo owoneka m'tsogolo.
Kusiyana pakati pa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi
- Chomaliza ndi chachikazi champhongo ndi chachitali kuposa chachikazi,
- Mukutuluka, kutsogolo kwa amuna imakhala yofiyira,
- Mimba ya akazi ndii yokupaka rasipiberi kapena lalanje,
- Akazi ndi ocheperako komanso odekha kuposa amuna.
Potengera momwe zinthu zimakhalira ndikumangidwa, ramirezi apistogram sikuti imafunikira kwambiri, mosiyana ndi ma cichlids ena ambiri, sichiwononga mbewu komanso sikufuku. Ndi kukula kwake kocheperako, safuna madzi akulu, madzi okwanira 20-30 malita pa nsomba zingapo.
Magawo a madzi azikhala motere: kutentha kuchokera pa 24 ° mpaka 30-32 ° C, acidity 6.0 - 8.0 pH, kuuma kosaposa 15 ° dH. Nsomba zimalola kutentha kwambiri, choncho muzigwirizana bwino ndi nsomba zomwe zimakonda kutentha monga Discus. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kutentha ndikwakwera kwambiri, njira zofunikira kwambiri mthupi la nsomba zimachitika ndipo nthawi yamoyo imachepetsedwa. Pa 30-32 ° C, nsomba sizikhala zaka zopitilira 2. Komanso ramirezki salekerera kusintha mwadzidzidzi magawo amadzi.
Apistograms kondani madzi oyeraChifukwa chake kusefedwa kwabwino komanso kuthandizira mu aquarium ndikofunikira. Kuvomerezedwa ndimadzi atsopano sabata iliyonse ndikutulutsa 25%. Musaiwale siphon wamba wa dothi, chifukwa nsomba zimakonda kukhala pakati komanso pansi m'madzi.
Kuwala sikuyenera kukhala kowala, nthawi yayitali ndikofunikira kuti pakhale madera ometa mothandizidwa ndi mbewu zoyandama, mwachitsanzo, richchia.
Dothi ndilabwino mchenga kapena miyala yabwino. Dothi lovomerezedwa ndi masentimita 4-5. Pamaso pa nthaka pamafunika kumachitika pafupipafupi, osasokoneza zochuluka.
Onetsetsani kuti mwakhala ndi malo obisalako ambiri momwe mwapangidwira, m'mapanga kapena m'nkhalango zowirira zazomera. Monga tanenera kale, nsomba izi, mosiyana ndi ma cocicids ena, sizimawononga mbewuzo.
Kuphatikizana kwa apistogram ndi nsomba zina.
Gulugufe ndi nsomba zamtendere ndipo zimatha kuyanjana ndi pafupifupi onse omwe amakhala ochepa komanso amtendere. Pokhapokha amuna amatha kuwonetsa malo ena, koma kuukira kwawo sikuwukali, koma kuwopseza komanso kupewa nsomba zina.
Mwa oyandikana nawo, mitundu yonse ya nyama zokhala ndi moyo ndizabwino kwa iwo - guppies, malupanga, pecilia, mollies, haracinovy - neon, rhodostomus, rassbori, tetra, mitundu ina ya nsomba, mwachitsanzo, ngale ya gourami. Simuyenera kugona ndi barbs, yomwe imalowera zipsepse za agulugufe, makamaka ndi chophimba ndi mawonekedwe okongola.
Zinthu za Shrimp sizabwino, ngakhale ramiezki yamtendere imatha kulawa shrimp zing'onozing'ono.
Kusamalira Kwofunikira ndi Apistogram Okhutira
Mosiyana ndi mafunde ena oyenda pansi aquarium apistogram amakhalabe ok. Asodzi a gulu samatafuna nyemba ndipo samakumba dothi. Chosiyana ndi ichi cockatoo apistogram. Imagwera mumchenga, chifukwa chake nsomba zimafunikira nthaka yofewa.
Mu chithunzi, apistogram ya magetsi abuluu a neon
Ma Aquariums omwe ali ndi apistogram amatha kukongoletsedwa molemera ndi snags, zomera, ndi ma ceramics. Ma Pisces amakhala bwino m'malo omwewo. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndizoyenera kuphatikizira fyuluta mkati mwake. Wophatikizidwa ngati madzi oyera.
Kutsatsa koyenda kumachitika ndikuwonjezera tsiku lililonse pafupifupi 20% ya madzi abwino. Kutentha kwake kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 25 digiri. Chofunika komanso chomangira asidi. Ngati zidutsa mayunitsi 7.5, nsomba sizikhala bwino, kufa kwa ziweto ndizotheka.
Apistogram imapezekanso ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi. Nsomba zingapo zimafunikira malita 25. Pali mitundu ya nyama yomwe imafuna onse 60. Tikambirana zakusiyana ndi malamulowo mu chaputala china. Pakadali pano, tikambirana magawo am'madzi am'madzi.
Kutalika kochepa kwambiri kwachotengera cha nsomba ndi masentimita 30. Kwa ma apistograms ena, kachiwiri, muyenera ma aquariums kuchokera masentimita 50 kutalika. Koma kuyatsa ndikofanana kwa onse oimira gululi.
Madzi a mitsinje yotentha amayang'aniridwa ndi nduwira za mitengo, masamba amkati, mabande. Chifukwa chake, kunyumba, apistogram imakhala yokhutira ndi kuwala kotsika.
Kudyetsa
Nsomba izi ndizosadabwitsa mwachilengedwe, kupatula kuti zimakhala ndi chakudya chosatha, chifukwa chake zimakonda kudya kwambiri. Protein feed ayenera kuchuluka mu zakudya, makamaka amoyo kapena achisanu - magazi, chifuwa, artemia, corvette. Kuti musinthe kadyedwe mumatha kupatsa letesi kapena sipinachi wosenda bwino. Mutha kudyetsa ndi chakudya chamagulu, koma sankhani ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, ndikusankha chakudya chapadera cha ma cichlids.
Kudyetsa kumayenera kukhala m'magawo ang'onoang'ono a 1-2 patsiku, nthawi zina, kamodzi pa sabata, kukonza masiku osala kudya. Kumbukirani kuti nsomba zimakonda kudya kwambiri, izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa, chifukwa poyamba atadya chakudya chonse kuchokera pansi, agulugufe amaphatikiza pansi kwanthawi yayitali, ndikupeza zotsala.
Mphamvu ya Apistogram
Ngakhale gulugufeyu akuwoneka bwino, heroine wa nkhaniyi samadyanso mwanjira iliyonse. Wopezerera ena Mwachilengedwe, oimira gululi amadya tizilombo tating'ono, nyongolotsi.
Momwemo, mwa kufuna kwamphepo ayenera kupatsidwa chakudya chamoyo. M'masitolo mutha kupeza ma cyclops, daphnia, ma rotifers kapena ma magazi. Zoumbidwa kapena kusinthidwa kukhala ma flakes. Uku ndi mtundu wa chakudya chouma cha nsomba.
Zochititsa chidwi chithunzi apistograms zitha kuchitika mwa kudyetsa nsomba ndi nsonga zamagazi. Imakulitsa mtundu wamiyendo. Mwa njira, atengeka ndi zinthu zingapo zopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi eniake. Chifukwa chake, kangapo pa sabata, nsomba ndizothandiza kudula letesi kapena oatmeal.
Matenda a Apistogram Ramirezi
Monga ma cichlids ambiri, nsomba izi zimakhala ndi thanzi labwino m'malo oyenera. Mitundu yambiri yopangidwa ndi ma apistilon osakhalanso ndi thanzi labwino ngati lachilengedwe. Nsomba sizimalola kulekerera kosinthika kwa magawo amadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, amakonda madzi oyera.
Gulugufe amakhala kudya kwambiri. Kusamalidwa kuyenera kuthandizidwa mu chakudya komanso kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe nsomba zimadya.
Monga ma cichlids onse, ma apistils amatha hexamitose - matenda oyambitsidwa ndi majeremusi Hexamita salmonis. Nsomba nthawi yomweyo zimada khungu, kukana chakudya. Ndipo akayamba kudya china chake, amalavulira. Kumanga kumatulutsa, kapena mosemphanitsa, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pamimba. Khumbo limakhala loyera komanso loyera. Pambuyo pake, zilonda zam'mimba zimawoneka thupi ndipo makamaka mutu. Nsomba zodwala nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa mu chidebe china nthawi yayitali. Mankhwala, kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kutentha kwa madzi mpaka 34-35 ° C, malo osambira ndi metronidazole kapena furazolidone amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi kuyamba kwakanthawi kwamankhwala, nsomba ndizosavuta kuchiritsa.
Nthawi zina nsomba imatha khungu, amasiya kudya. Izi sizingakhale matenda apompopompo. Mwina nsomba zake zidakumana ndi nkhawa kwambiri chifukwa chakusintha kwina kulowa m'madzi wina kapena chifukwa chosintha kwambiri magawo amadzi, makamaka kutentha.
Mitundu ya Apistogram
Chifukwa chake, tiona mitundu ya nsomba zomwe sizinatchulidwe pano ndi njira yapadera yosamalirira. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi Macmaster. Awa ndi omwe omwewo nsomba, yomwe pamafunika madzi okwanira malita 60. Simungadziwe ndi zooneka.
Mu chithunzi, macmaster apistogram
Kutalika kwa Macmaster sikupitilira masentimita 6, kawirikawiri 5. Makanda amafunika mizu ndi miyala. Mwachilengedwe, mitunduyi imakhala pansi pa masamba omwe agwera pansi. Popanda pobisalirako, Macmaster sikhala moyo ngakhale mu chilinganizo cha 60-lita.
Apistogram panduro chogwira mtima kuposa mitundu yina kufikira madzi oyambira acid. Chochitika chofunikira kwambiri ndi 5. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba, monga Macmaster, ndi "mkate wamadzi". Ma apistogram angapo amafunika mphamvu ya lita 100.
Mu chithunzi, panduro apistogram
Nthawi yomweyo, kutalika kwa nsomba sikupitirira masentimita 8. Akazi, konse, amakula mpaka 5. Kunja, nthumwi za mitunduyi ndizosatheka. Ziphuphu za mapiritsi ndizing'onozing'ono, monga thupi lopakidwa utoto wamaso. Pa ndalama za caudal zokha pamakhala mzere wowala wa lalanje, kenako amuna okha.
Blue Neon - Mtundu wa Apistogram, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, koma osasunthika. Nsomba zimazindikira kupatuka pang'ono pazomwe zili. Mmanja osadziwa, ma neon amafa, chifukwa chake amalimbikitsidwa kwa akatswiri odziwa zam'madzi.
Mu chithunzi, buluu wa neon apistogram
Mwachitsanzo, akudziwa kuti a neon amakonda kukhala m'matumba. Zomwe zimapangidwira kampani ndizofunikanso. Ziweto zomwe zimakhala ndi akazi ambiri zimasankhidwa. Komanso, ngakhale chisamaliro chokwanira, neon apistogram sikhala ndi moyo wopitilira zaka 2.
Kufalitsa ndi kufalitsa apistogram
Nsomba zimakhwima pofika zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo, monga ma cichlidi ambiri, nthawi zambiri amapanga magulu awiri mwamphamvu akamasunga gulu la nsomba. Kuphatikiza apo, pofuna kuswana bwino, muyenera kungosunga nsomba m'magulu a anthu 6, 7, kuti awiriawiri awiriwo apangidwe. Pakuwonongeka, kukongola kwa amuna kumawonetsedwa momwe kungathekere. Komanso, pokhapokha pa nthawi imeneyi amayamba kukhala ankhanza, kuteteza gawo lawo ndi ana awo.
Kukula kumatha kuchitika m'malo ambiri am'madzi, komabe, kuti zitheke bwino ndi kuteteza mazira kuti asadye nsomba zina, chidebe china chimayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakuwonongeka, malo ocheperako, okwanira lita 15 ndi abwino. Chomwe chingakulimbikitseni kubereka mkati mwake chizikhala kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa madigiri awiri komanso kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono madzi abwino ndi ofewa. Chifukwa chake, malo abwino kwambiri ophukira ndi kutentha kwa 27 ° ndi kupitirira, ndi kuuma kwathunthu kosaposa 10 °.
Miyala yolimba, ma shoti omata kapena ngakhale sosi zazing'ono ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi. Nsomba zidzamera. Yaikazi imameza pafupifupi mazira 200-500 owumbika. Pambuyo pofalikira, makolo onse awiri, koma amuna ambiri, amasamalira caviar, kusankha ndikuwononga wakufayo. Nsomba zimatha kusamutsira mazira kumalo ena, opambana.
Kukhazikika kwa mazira kumatenga masiku 2-4, kutengera kutentha kwa madzi. Pambuyo kuwaswa mwachangu, kutentha kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Yaimuna imasamalira mphutsi, yaikazi itabzidwa kale. Pambuyo pa masiku 3-5, mwachangu amasambira. Poyamba amadya kuchokera ku ulk sac, kenako amayamba kudya okha. Kwa chakudya, fumbi lamoyo, ma cyclops, nauplii a brine shrimp, ciliates ndi oyenera. Kudyetsa kumayenera kukhala kokhazikika, nthawi 5-6 patsiku, kuphatikiza usiku. Yaimuna ikupitirirabe kusamalira ana, nthawi zina imatha kutola mkamwa, ngati kuti ikutukutira kenako nkuitulutsa.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri pakulimbitsa mazira ndi kuwuma mwachangu kuti akhalebe oyera komanso osasunthika magawo am'madzi pang'onopang'ono - ichi ndiye vuto lalikulu pakuswana kwa apistograms.
Ngati mukungofuna kuyambitsa kwanu ma cichlids, ndiye kuti apistogram ya ramirezi ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yocheperako yomwe ndioyenera izi.
Kuphatikizana kwa apistogram ndi nsomba zina
Osati kokha kuwonekera kwa aselarist kudagwa mchikondi apistogram. Gulani nsomba za banja la cichlid zimafunafuna chifukwa chamtendere. Ma apistograms sakusonyeza chidwi ndi nsomba zina. Komabe, ma cichlids enieniwo amadyedwa.
Chifukwa chake, amayesetsa kuti asakhazikitse ma apistiloti okhala ndi adani akuluakulu, aukali. Komabe, tambala amapezeka, mwachitsanzo, ndi ma scalars. Chomwe chimayandikira mwamtendere ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa aprotiloti monga parrot. Amawopa kuukira zipsera zoterezi.
Maphatikizidwe a cockatoo amayikidwa, nawonso, okhala ndi masamba ndi neon. Koma Borelli ndi Agassitsa amasankhidwa mdera la haracin ndi barbus. Yoyamba imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mafuta omaliza, ndipo yachiwiri - ndi kukwiya kwakumwa.
Komabe, nthumwi zazing'ono za banja sizimenya nawo nkhondo. Mwamtendere kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, barbus. Iye ndikutenga nawo anzawo apistogram.
Amphaka ndi cockerels amakhala anansi abwino a neon, mabaluni ndi altispinosis. Ngati ramirezi akusambira m'madzi, mutha kuwonjezera nsomba zamtchire, zebrafish kapena Turkey. Zotsirizika, ngati zamkono, zimatsogolera gulu la moyo.
Kubalana komanso zikhalidwe za kugonana za apistograms
Nthawi yoswana ya apistograms ndi nthawi yokhayo pomwe amatha kuthana ndi anthu ena okhala m'madzimo. Ma Pisces ali ndi nkhawa ndi kutetezedwa kwa ana, amawona mdani aliyense wosambira kuti adzaikire mazira. Ma apistilone ena amakayikira kwambiri kotero kuti amanyamula caviar mkamwa. Katundu wofunikira amasamutsidwa kwa mnzake, mwachitsanzo, pakudya.
Ma apistogram ena amakumba mazira pansi. Komanso, kuyala ana mkamwa sikungosiyidwa. Ngati makolo akuganiza kuti china chake chasokonekera, amakoka mazira, ndikungotayira pakabowo m'malo abwino.
Mwambiri, nsomba za gululi ndi makolo odalirika komanso achikondi. Nthawi yoyamba ngakhale mwachangu apistograms. Akulu amawabisa, ngati caviar. Njira yachiwiri ndi chivundikiro chokhala ndi zipsepse, ngati mapiko.
Kutsatira mwambi oti "m'banjamo mulibe chobowola" pakati pamaapistake adapezeka omwe alibe nzeru za makolo. Mwachitsanzo, a Ramirezi, amadya ana osanunkha kanthu. Fulu lamagetsi limakhala losakhudzana ndimagazi, koma monga omwazika, musatsatire mbewuyo.
Bolivian apistogram amakhala kholo labwino pokhapokha akadzakula. Nsomba zimamera kuyambira azaka 12, koma nthawi zambiri zimadya ana oyamba. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kubereketsa, asitikali am'madzi amasankha mitundu ya awiri yomwe adayiwona.
Kubala Apistogram Bolivian imayamba mochedwa kuposa mitundu ina ya ma cichlids. Ambiri mwa iwo ali okonzeka kubereka mwa miyezi isanu. Zachikazi zamtundu wina zimasinthira utoto pakatundu. Mwachitsanzo, a Ramirezi amatembenukira chikaso.
Mu chithunzi, apistogram ya Ramirezi
Makhalidwe ogonana a apistograms ndi apamwamba kwambiri kwa nsomba zambiri. Amuna ndi akulu, owala, okhala ndi zipsepse. Kukula ndi "mtundu wa peacock" zimawonekera pamaso pa akazi, kufunafuna kukondera. Kuzizira, panjira, zimakhala zovuta kusungunula mitima ya apistograms. Pa nthawi yakubala, nsomba zam'banja zimafunikira kutentha madzi mpaka madigiri 27.