Akumba manda - mtundu wa kafadala wa banja la carnivores. Tizilombo ta manda timadziwika kuti timakwirira nyama zakufa pansi. Munthu akhoza kulingalira zomwe zimafunikira kuti kachilombo kakang'ono kuti "ndikyole" mbewa yakufa, yomwe kukula kwake kumapitilira zaka masauzande.

Zikuwoneka bwanji

Akalonga ndi kafadala wamkulu wakuda nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yachikaso kapena lalanje pa elytra. Iliyonse ya nkhwangwa pamapeto pake imakhala ndi kukulira - mbewa, ndipo kumapeto kwa pamimba nthawi zambiri kumatuluka kuchokera pansi pa mapiko ofupikitsidwa.

Ntchito yopweteka

Tizilombo tonse tambiri tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono timene timadyera zovunda - mnofu wowola wa nyama zakufa. Amapeza nyama chifukwa cha fungo. Atazindikira mtembo wa nyama yaying'ono, mbalame kapena chule, yamphongo imatulutsa chinthu chosanunkhira, fungo lamphamvu lomwe limakopa wamkazi. Zitatha izi, tizilomboti timapinda pansi pa mtembo ndikuyamba kukoka dothi pansi pake. Zotsatira zake, mtembowo unangonyira pansi. Kukumba pansi, kafadala sayiwala kutcheka ubweya kapena nthenga kuchokera ku zovunda. Mtembo ukakhala pansi, mkaziyo amaufetsa ndi ma enzymes am'mimba ndikuyika mazira. Beetles amagwira ntchito mwachangu: zimangotenga maola ochepa kuti mukumbire nyama yanyama yaying'ono.

Monga lamulo, opukusa pamanda salola wopikisana naye kuti apeze, koma ngati apeza munthu yemwe si wamwamuna kapena wamkazi, ndiye kuti "maliro" ake akhoza kukhala olumikizana. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala azimayi kumapeto kwenikweni amathamangitsa amuna ogwirira ntchito moona mtima. Komabe, zimachitikanso kuti omwe amakoka m'manda amavomereza mwamtendere thandizo lakunja.

Pali zifukwa ziwiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizirombo tizikwirirapo. Choyamba, amabisa izi kwa okonda nyama ina ya carrion, yomwe imakhala yambiri pakati pa tizilombo. Ndipo chachiwiri, makulidwe a dziko lapansi mtembo wake umakhalabe ndi cholinga motalikirapo - umakhala chakudya cha m'badwo watsopano.

Tizilombo ta manda timatha kudziwa kuwola patali, mpaka pamtunda wamamita. Tizilomboti timakopeka ndi nyama zakufa zilizonse: makoswe, zokwawa, mbalame, nsomba, ndi zina. Nthawi zina tiziromboti timayandikira mitembo yatsopano yomwe imawonekera maola angapo apitawa.

Tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadya timadyako mitembo ya nyama, koma si onse omwe amaika mitembo yathupansi. Ena amagwiritsa ntchito mitembo ya nyama yomwe inaikidwa kale ndi mimbulu ina. Kuti achite izi, amadzigwetsa m'nthaka, ndikuyendetsa eni ovomerezeka kuchokera ku "manda" a mtembowo, kenako ndikupha mphutsi zawo zonse. Pambuyo pa izi, mbuye watsopano wa mtembowo ayikira mazira ake pamenepo.

Kusamalira Makanda

Ataika mtembowo pansi mpaka masentimita angapo mpaka theka la mita, kafadala wam'manda amatha kupitiriza kubereka. Kuti muchite izi, kuchokera m'chipinda chapakati (chosungunuka) pomwe chinyama chakufa chimasungidwa, tizilombo toyambitsa chimacho chimachotsa kutali ndikutseka m'maso. Mwa iwo, akazi okumba m'manda ndi kuyikira mazira. Akakhwima, mayiyo samangokhala osachita kanthu: amadya mabowo m'thupi la nyama ndikufa ndikuikamo madzi akudya, mothandizidwa ndi pomwe mtembo umalowera m'mimba kuti adzagwire ntchito mtsogolo. Kenako yaikazi imatsuka bwino pakati pathupi ndi malo oikira mazira, kuti kukula kumatha kufika pakudya popanda choletsa.

Mphukira imawonekera patatha masiku asanu. Ndikosavuta kukhulupirira, koma poyamba kachilomboka kambewu amamudyetsa chakudya chofanana ndi mbalame ya anapiye ake. Amang'amba zidutswa zakanunkhira pansi ndi timadziti ndikuziyika mkamwa mwaumbombo a mphutsi. Pakapita kanthawi, amayamba kudya okha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mayi wakwaniritsa ntchito yake ndipo, pomaliza, amatha kusiya ana.

Habitat

Kodi ndi kachilomboka komwe amakhala? Zithunzi zomwe zimatengedwa ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe zimatsimikizira kuti mutha kukumana ndi oyimilira amtunduwu pafupifupi m'makona onse a dziko lapansi, kupatula Australia ndi madera ena a Africa. Nthawi yomweyo, omwe amakumba manda okha amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango, koma ngakhale mu steppe amakhala osangalala. Chachikulu ndichakuti m'derali mumadzaza chakudya, chifukwa mtunduwu ndiwokongola kwambiri.

Kodi mmbulu wa kachilomboka ndiwotani: Kodi mitunduyi imadya chiyani?

Ngakhale kuti mtunduwu ndi wa banja la omwe adadya kale, momwe amadyera sikuti ndi zovomerezeka zokha. Mwachilengedwe, amadyanso nyama zamtembo, koma pankhani iyi pali malamulo angapo omwe amachepetsa kafadala pakudya kwawo. Cholinga cha khalidweli ndi chidziwitso cha kubereka kwa manda, koma tikambirana pankhaniyi mtsogolo.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti, kachilomboka ndi zilombo zolusa zomwe zimadya tizilombo tina. Pafupipafupi, kusaka kumachitika ndi anthu ochepa omwe amakhala osiyanasiyana, monga nsabwe za m'masamba, agalu, mbozi ndi zina zotero. Mwachidule, kafadala-okumba m'manda amatha kudya chilichonse chomwe chingalowe pakamwa pawo.

Makhalidwe

Manda-oyala manda amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri, akumayang'ana kumidzi kufunafuna kugwa. Amathandizidwa mu izi ndi ma receptors apadera omwe ali kumapeto kwa tinyanga. Chifukwa cha iwo, kachilomboka kakutha kununkhiza thupi lomwe likuwonongeka mtunda wopitilira 100 metres. Ndipo zitatha izi, palibe chomwe chidzaimitsa tizilombo todutsamo kuti tisamukire komwe tikufuna.

Tazindikira nkhani ya zomwe wasaka, kachilomboka kakuyang'ana mozama momwe ungafunire nyama. Ngati chinthucho chili bwino, chimapereka chizolowezi chodziwitsa achibale omwe apeza phindu. Nthawi zambiri, thandizo limabwera mwachangu, kenako kugawa mosamala maudindo kumayamba.

Chifukwa chake, ngati mwamunayo wapeza nyama, ndiye kuti ali ndi ufulu wokhala mutu wa banja latsopano. Ngati anali wamkazi, ndiye kuti amasankha njonda yoyenera kwambiri ngati mwamuna wake. Mwa njira, nthawi zambiri amuna amakhala ndi mitembo ya nyama, chifukwa amawononga nthawi yambiri pochita izi kuposa ma halali awo.

Cholinga chenicheni cha mtembo

Monga tanenera kale, anthu akuluakulu omwe amakhala ndi mimbulu sakonda kudya zotsalira zomwe zimapezeka panjira. M'malo mwake, onsewo amaika mtembo pansi, ndichifukwa chake, tizilombo timeneti timakhala ndi dzina lakuda. Koma chifukwa cha izi sikuti akufuna kuti atsekereze nkhalango yowola, koma kufunitsitsa kwathunthu kupitiriza mpikisano.

Chifukwa chake, mtembo "woikidwa" ndi gwero labwino kwambiri la chakudya ku mbadwo wachichepere. Ndiye kuti, pambuyo poti manda aikiridwa pansi, okumba m'manda akuyamba kukwatirana. Ndipo kenako chachikazi chimayika mazira pafupi ndi zovalazo, potero chimawatsimikizira kuti ana atetezedwa.

Amakwirira bwanji mitembo

Popeza kuchuluka kwa tizilombo, pali funso lanzeru loti: "Kodi amaika bwanji nyama zotsalazo?" M'malo mwake, zonse apa ndizosavuta. Beetles amangokumbira pansi pa thupi ndikuyamba kumasula nthaka. Izi zimadzetsa kuti dothi limacheperachepera, ndipo zotsalazo zimayamba kugwa, pang'onopang'ono, ngati kuti zikulowera msanga.

Chochititsa chidwi ndi momwe kafadala amakumba thupi pambuyo pakuika “maliro” ake. Chifukwa chake, amatsuka ubweya kapena nthenga, kenako ndikuphimba ndi chinsinsi chapadera cha antibacterial. Chifukwa cha izi, mtembowo ukhoza kukhala pansi mobisika kwa milungu ingapo koma osawola.

Kusamalira Kwabwino Kwambiri

Pambuyo pakuikira mazira, yamphongo ndi yachikazi imachoka pachisa milungu iwiri. Koma kenako amabwerera kumeneko kuti akakumane ndi m'badwo watsopano. Kusamalira ana kotereku kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kwa ofufuza, chifukwa izi sizimawoneka kawirikawiri mdziko la tizilombo.

Zowona, makolo achichepere sakhala amwano monga momwe zimawonekera poyamba. Kupatula apo, iwo mopanda chisoni amawononga mphutsi zonse zomwe zimabadwa zofooka kapena zosakhazikika. Ndianthu athanzi okha omwe ali ndi ufulu wopita kuphwando lalikulu, komwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kachikumbu ka akuluakulu.

Komanso, makolo nawonso amatenga nawo mbali pakudya mtembo. Ndipo izi ndizowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa zimatsimikizira kuti zisanachitike kuti nsikidzi zidakana chakudya chawo chokha chifukwa cha kusamalira ana awo. Pambuyo pa chakudyacho, mphutsi zimapinda pansi, kenako zimasanduka pupae. Ndipo patatha milungu iwiri, m'badwo watsopano wamanda-manda umawonekera kuchokera kwa iwo, ndipo moyo wonse umabwereranso mozungulira.

Manda Manda

Palibe chowopsa pakuwoneka kwa kafadala wa banja la carnivore. Izi nsikidzi zakuda ndizokulirapo kukula kwake, kutalika kwa matupi awo, kutengera mitundu, kuyambira 1 mpaka 4 sentimita. Mapiko awo nthawi zambiri amakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima ya malalanje kapena achikasu.

Tizilombo ta mutu tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi timiyendo taku malekezero, mothandizidwa ndi komwe kachikumbu kamanunkhira thupi lawoli pamtunda wa mamita mazana angapo.

Mawonekedwe a kachilomboka

Manda ochita kukumba ali ndi vuto linalake: wamwamuna akapeza mtembo, amakwera pachitsamba kapena kutalika kwinaku ndikukweza nsonga yamimba, pomwe fungo linalake limatuluka. Fungo ili limamveka ndi wamkazi. Akaziwo akagonera kuyitanidwa kwa amuna, awiriwo amayang'anitsitsa nyama ija ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito. M'masiku angapo, chachikazi ndi chachimuna amatha "kuyika" mo mole.

Zinthu zikadakhala kuti kambuku-wolembako sanapeze mtembo, amayenera kuyikira mazira mu bowa.

Beetles amtunduwu ali ndi kuthekera kwinanso - amathandizira mtembowo mwachinsinsi, chomwe chili ndi enzyme lysozyme, yomwe imakhala ndi antibacterial. Ma enzyme amenewa salola zotsalazo kuti ziwonongeke. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti lysozyme ndi gawo limodzi la chitetezo chathupi. Mwachitsanzo, mwa anthu, ma lysozyme amapezeka malovu. Pambuyo pa kuperewera kwamtundu wamtunduwu, nyamayo imakhala njira yabwino yopatsa thanzi kwa mphutsi. Ngati makolo sanasamale kwambiri za ana awo, pafupifupi 40% yaiwo amwalira.

Mitemboyo imachitidwa mwachinsinsi.

Nthawi zambiri, "okwera" zachilendo - makatani - amakhala kumapeto kwa nsikidzi. Akumba manda amayenera kupirira maulendo osaganizira awa ndikuwanyamula pamsana pawo kuti akakhale ndi mitembo yanyama. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, nthata izi, monga lysozyme, zimalimbana ndi microflora ya pathogenic, chifukwa zimadya michere yomwe imathandizira kusintha kwa mitembo. Ichi ndi chitsanzo china cha mgwirizano wodabwitsa wa zinthu zamoyo zachilengedwe.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Kodi ndimtundu wanji?

Pazonse pali mitundu ya 68 ya kachilomboka ya banja la carnivore (Silphidae) padziko lapansi. Amakhala paliponse kupatula Australia ndi kotentha ku Africa; mitundu 20 ya tizilombo timeneyi imakhala ku Russia.

Palibe chonyansa kapena chowopsa pakuwoneka kwawo - awa ndi mabatani akuluakulu amtundu wakuda, momwe elytra ikhoza kukongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yachikasu kapena lalanje. Pamutu pali anangula okhala ndi zibonga kumapeto kwake, chifukwa choti kachikumbu kamatha kununkhiza mnofu womwe wayamba kuwola, mtunda wamamita mazana angapo kuchokera pamenepo. Kutalika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana kumasiyanasiyana masentimita 1 - 4. Ambiri aiwo amatha kupezeka pomwe pali nyama yakufa.

Chimodzi mwazilombo za banja la Dead-Eaters (Silphidae), kachilomboka. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Thingie.

Wopeka pamanda oika maliro (Nicrophorus vespillo) - ndicho chomwe amachitcha mtundu wina wa nsikidzi zodya-zakufa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti iwo "amaika" nyama zazing'ono zakufa, kuzikwirira pansi. Izi zimathandizira kukonzanso mabwinja, chifukwa chake, tizilombo timeneti timawonedwa ngati dongosolo la nyama.

Koma yankho ku funso loti bwanji amachita izi liyenera kulingaliridwa mwatsatanetsatane. Zowonadi, machitidwe a kachilomboka samatanthauzidwa ndi chizolowezi chaukhondo, koma mwamaganizidwe osayenera ndi chidziwitso cha makolo - nyama zakufa zimapereka chakudya kwa ana awo. Mwa njira, kafadala wachikulire amadya makamaka ndi tizilombo, osati zovunda.

Manda Chikumbu amakonzera malo mbadwa zake. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Nigel Jones.

Kusamalira ana ndi chizindikiro cha nsikidzi

Tapeza mtembo wa nyama yaying'ono, kafadala amayang'anitsitsa nthaka ija, kuti ayang'anire nthaka yomwe agonapo, malo ake, kenako ndikuyamba kukumba mozungulira momwe nthaka ikuzungulira mozungulira. Kapangidwe ka thupi la amuna limasinthika kwambiri ndi izi - miyendo yawo imakulitsidwa kuposa akazi.

Mulu wa dothi lokumbika litapangidwa mozungulira mtembowo, omwe amafukula manda amapitilizabe kukumba pansi pake ndipo mtembowo, umayamba kumira mwakuya kwambiri mpaka pansi panthaka yakulemera kwake. Nyama yakufa nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pansi mpaka masentimita 30 mpaka 50.

Tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono, makamaka, tinakwera pa camomile kuti tisasirire kukongola kwake, komanso osatenga mungu ndi kumwa timadzi tokoma, mwina kutalika kwa maluwa adalembera chachikazi kuti wapeza chokongola " malo "obadwira ana. Wamkazi sakhalabe akudikirira. Chithunzi chojambulidwa: JesperiJ.

Akakhwima, wamkazi amayesa kuthamangitsa mwamunayo - mwamunayo amadzuka. Amabisala pansi pamimba yakufa ndikuyika mazira angapo mu kakang'ono. Niche iyi imatchedwa chipinda cha ana.

Kenako, ikubwerera ku mtembowo wa nyamayo, mkaziyo amatenga thukuta m'matumbo angapo momwemo ndikufinya zomwe zili m'mimba mwake, momwemo, kuti madzi am'mimba, osungunuka ndi zotsalazo, atembenuza mnofu wa nyama yakufayo kukhala yochulukirapo yokhala ana amtsogolo. Kwa masiku angapo, njirayi imasamalira mazira, kuwatembenuza ndi kuwanyambita kuti asayike nkhungu.

Mbadwo wachichepere wa kachikumbu ka manda a mitundu Nikrophorous. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Arboreal Boids.

Pakapita kanthawi, mphutsi zoyera zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika pamiyendo. Amathamangira gawo lokonzekera mwachindunji kupita ku "tebulo lodyera", pomwe amayamba kudya zimakhala zosungunuka ndi michere ya m'mimba ya amayi. Ndiye mphutsi zimadyetsa pafupifupi masiku 12, zimakula msanga ndikulemera. Ndiwolowera kwambiri, munthawi yochepa chabe yomwe amapukutira kanayi! Kenako gawo lokhala ndi ana limayamba - mbuna zam'madzi zidzagudubuka pansi ndipo patatha milungu iwiri, wolemba manda akuwonekera.

Zolemba zina za nsikidzi zakufa

Tizilombo timeneti tili ndi mfundo imodzi yosangalatsa - manda achikumbutso samazindikira fungo la cadaveric patali kwambiri. Wamphongo akapeza zotsalazo, ndiye kuti akwera m'mwamba, pamtunda wa udzu, kapena pamwamba pa kholalo ndikuwonetsa kumapeto pamimba, ndikufalitsa fungo linalake pogwiritsa ntchito tiziwalo timene timatulutsa. Poyitanidwa uku, mkaziyo amawombera, ndikumumva iye kwamtunda wa mailo angapo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayang'ana nyama yathu ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito, m'masiku awiri banjali limatha "kuyika maliro" yaying'ono!

Tizilombo ta manda timakhalanso ndi nthawi zosavomerezeka, nthawi zina ngati sizingatheke kupeza nyama yakufa, kafadala amagwiritsa ntchito bowa kubereka. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi jan lyngby.

Beetles za mtunduwu ali ndi chinthu china, amapanga ndi madzi - chinsinsi chomwe chimabisidwa ndi tiziwalo tambiri, nkhope yake yonse ya nyama. Chinsinsi ichi, chifukwa cha zomwe zili ndi puloteni yapadera (lysozyme) mmenemo, imakhala ndi antibacterial ndipo sichimalola kuti zotsalira kuti ziwonongeke, mwa njira, lysozyme ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chizikhala ndi zinthu zambiri zapadziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, mwa anthu, michere yamtunduwu imapezeka m'malovu. Pambuyo poti “mwatsoka”, mitembo imakhala chakudya chabwino kwambiri cha mphutsi.Ndipo popanda chiwonetsero chanthete chotere cha zakumvera kwa makolo, pafupifupi 40% ya ana a kachilomboka amatha kufa ndi microflora yoopsa. Titha kunena mosabisa kuti iyi ndi imodzi mwanjira zachilendo kwambiri posamalira mbadwa!

Nthawi zambiri kachilomboka m'manda titha kuwawona ndi "okwera" achilendo kumbuyo kwawo. Awa ndi enieni apaulendo, nthata za gamasid (banja la Gamasoidea(m'matchulidwe ena gamazobye)) Tizilombo ta manda timakakamizika kupirira zipatsozo ndikusuntha nkhupakupa kumalo komwe kuli mtembo wokonzekeretsedwa ndi kafumbwe wobereketsa ana. Chowonadi ndi chakuti limodzi ndi puloteni ya lysozyme, nkhondo yolimbana ndi microflora imachitikanso mothandizidwa ndi nthata za gamasid, nthata izi zimadya michere yaying'ono yomwe imathandizira kuwonongeka kwa thupi. Ichi ndichitsanzo chinanso chodabwitsa cha matenda atizilombo. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi mikcoffin.

Kodi mumakonda nkhaniyo? Tumizani ku siteshoni kuti mupitirizebe kuphunzira zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri

Akumba manda

Akumba manda
Manda digger Nicrophorus vespillo
Gulu la asayansi

• Necrophorous

Akumba manda , kapena kafadala , (lat. Nicrophorous) - mtundu wa kafadala wa banja la carnivores.

Dera

Oimira amtunduwu ndiwabwino ku Europe, ku Asia (kupita ku New Guinea ndi Solomon Islands), ku Palaearctic gawo la Africa, komanso ku North ndi South America. Kudera la zoogeographic la ku Itiopiya komanso ku Australia, mitundu yamtundu wa subfamily siyimayimiriridwa. Pali mitundu yoposa 50 yomwe imakhala ku Holarctic, ndipo 15 mwa mitundu yonse yokha ndi yomwe idalembedwera pafupi ndi pafupi. Mitundu yosakwana 10 imadziwika kuchokera kudera la Indo-Malayan. M'mafakisoni amayiko omwe kale anali USSR, mitundu 28 imayimiriridwa; zopitilira 20 zimapezeka ku Russia. Mu fossil form, oyimira akale kwambiri amtundu amadziwika mu Cretaceous Burmese amber.

Zodziwika bwino

Tizilomboti tambiri 11-40 mm kutalika. Kupaka utoto wakuda, elytra nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owala, wopangidwa kuchokera kumabande awiri (osowa kwambiri) amitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'mphepete mwa clypeus pali chingwe chamakaso achikuda. Mumitundu yambiri, imapanga membrane yemwe amafikira mu clypeus. Maonekedwe a nembanemba ndi osiyana amuna ndi akazi ndipo adakali mtundu wina. Gawo loyamba la antenna nthawi zambiri limakhala lalifupi nthawi 1.2-1,5 nthawi yocheperako kuposa flagellum (gawo 2-7th). Gulu lowonetsedwa la antennae limatha kukhala la mtundu umodzi (wakuda, bulauni kapena ofiira-ofiira), koma nthawi zambiri limakhala la mitundu iwiri: zigawo za apical zimakhala zofiirira, ndipo chachikulu chimakhala chakuda. Elytra imakwirira ma strorulation kets wachisanu wa tergite wamimba. Zoneneratu pubescent, lamellarly zokulitsidwa.

Biology

Ndi ma necrophages: amadyola zovunda zonse pa nthawi ya akulu komanso muzoyambira. Khungubwe zimakwirira mitembo ya nyama zazing'ono m'nthaka (pomwe malembawo adatipatsa dzina "zokumba m'manda") ndikuwonetsa kusamalira ana - mphutsi, kukawakonzera gawo lofunikira la michere. Popanda gwero lenileni la chakudya, milandu ya kukometsa kwa zakudya zam'maso kapena kudyetsa zinyalala za chomera ndi bowa zalongosoledwa.

Povota, carrion imachita mpikisano ndi ma dipterans. Izi zikufotokozera kusapezeka kwa mitundu yamtunduwu kumayiko otentha kwambiri ndikumakhala kumapiri ataliatali m'malo otentha kwambiri.

Chifukwa cha chemoreceptors opangidwa kumapeto kwa tinyanga, amanunkhira carrion kuchokera kutali ndipo amatha kuwuluka kwa iwo kwa mamitala mamiliyoni. Amuna ndi akazi onse amaika malirowo palimodzi (nthawi zambiri ndi nyama yaing'ono kapena mbalame), ndikumatula nthaka pansi pake, ndikubisala kwa ena owombera (ntchentche zovunda ndi kachilomboka). Amagwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi ndi malovu kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka ndikuchotsa kununkhira kwa kuwola, komwe kumakopa chidwi cha omwe akupikisana nawo. Instillation imalepheretsanso mtembo kuti usaume nthawi yomwe mphutsi zimadyapo. Ndi dothi lotayirira, kukumba kumachitika mofulumira, maola ochepa. Nthawi zina, akukhazikitsa mtembo mbali imodzi, opukusira m'manda pang'onopang'ono amachichotsa pamalo osavutira maliro. Akakwiririka, wamkazi amaikira mazira pafupi (nthawi zambiri mumenje ya dothi). Nthawi zambiri, carrion ndi peyala imodzi, ndikuthamangitsa ena onse.

Mphutsi zokhala ndi miyendo 6 yopanda chitukuko ndi magulu a maso asanu ndi awiri mbali iliyonse amatuluka mazira. Chosangalatsa cha manda kukumba ndi kusamalira ana: ngakhale mphutsi zimatha kudya zokha, makolo amasungunula minofu yokhala ndi michere yokumba, kuwakonzera "msuzi" wopatsa thanzi. Izi zimalola mphutsi kukula msanga. Pakatha masiku angapo, mphutsi zimakumba pansi kwambiri, pomwe zimasenda, ndikusintha kukhala kafadala.

Pamodzi ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala mitembo ya nyama, akatswiri okumba m'manda amathandizira kwambiri kuwonongeka kwawo, monga machitidwe a chilengedwe.