Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Dongosolo: | Incirrina |
Incirrina, kapena Incirrata, - gawo la cephalopods kuchokera ku octopus Order (Octopoda). Mulinso mitundu yawo "yapamwamba" kuchokera ku banja la Octopodidae ndi octopus ambiri a pelagic, mwachitsanzo, ma horonauts.
Gulu
Pofika pa Januware 2018, mabanja otsatirawa akuphatikizidwa mu gululi:
- Superfamily Argonautoidea Cantraine, 1841
- Banja Alloposidae Verrill, 1881
- Argonautidae Cantraine Family, 1841
- Gray Ocythoidae Gray, 1849
- Family Tremoctopodidae Tryon, 1879
- Superfamily Octopodoidea d'Orbigny, 1840
- Banja Amphitretidae Hoyle, 1886
- Subfamily Amphitretinae Hoyle, 1886
- Subfamily Bolitaeninae Chun, 1911
- Subfamily Vitreledonellinae Robson, 1932
- Banja Bathypolypodidae Robson, 1929
- Banja Eledonidae Rochebrune, 1884
- Banja la Enteroctopodidae Strugnell et al. , 2014
- Banja Megaleledonidae Taki, 1961
- Octopodidae d'Orbigny Banja, 1840
- Banja Amphitretidae Hoyle, 1886
Mu 2016, mitundu yatsopano idapezeka pafupi ndi zilumba za Hawaii.
Grwili octopus nyanja yakuya
Octopus waku Grwiri akuya munyanja - Grimpoteuthis albatrossi - woimira acephalopods, wofalikira kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean.
Idayamba kufotokozedwa koyamba ndi wofufuza wa ku Japan wa Sasaki m'mafanizo angapo, omwe adagwidwa mu Bering Nyanja, Nyanja ya Okhotsk komanso gombe lakummawa kwa Japan ndi kuthamangitsidwa kwawo pa chombo cha Albatros mu 1906. Mu zaka zotsatila, akatswiri azamawu adapeza kuti octopus amapezeka kulikonse kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Bering kupita ku Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi Southern California .
Mosiyana ndi anzawo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, gombe lakuya lakunyanja lili ndi thupi lamanjenje ngati madzi, lomwe limakhala ngati belu kapena ambulera yotseguka. Chifukwa chake, kukhala kunja kwa madzi pamwamba pa chotengera, chimawoneka ngati nsomba ya jelly yokhala ndi maso akulu kuposa cephalopod weniweni. Mkati mwa thupi, khungu la Grimu octopus lili ndi zipsepse zamtali zokhala ngati ziphuphu zothandizidwa ndi cartilage yooneka ngati chishalo, komwe kumatsalira chigobacho. Makina ake amomwe amalumikizidwa kwathunthu ndi membrane woonda kwambiri wotchedwa maambulera. Iye, limodzi ndi zipsepse, amatumizira nyamayo monga chimatsogoza, ndiye kuti, golide wa octopus amasuntha ngati jellyfish, akukankha madzi pansi pa belu la maambulera.
Mbali yokhala ndi octopus Grimu ndiyenso kupezeka kwamatchuthi kumanja ndi kumanzere kwa oyamwa kumene kuli mzere wa tinyanga yayitali, yomwe imathandizira kuti ayang'ane nyama yaying'ono (mwachitsanzo, papepods).
Biology ya octopus yakuzama panyanja mpaka pano idaphunziridwa bwino kwambiri. Amadziwika kuti amatsogolera moyo wa m'mapazi pansi pamadzi kuchokera pa 136 mpaka 3400 m ndipo amadziwika ndi kukula kochepa - kutalika kwake sikupita masentimita 30. Ngakhale kuti thupi lake limakhala ngati galatinous, monga ma cephalopod ena onse, gule octopus ndi mdani kudyetsa nyama zosiyanasiyana za pelagic. Munthawi yakubereka, zazikazi za octopuszi zimagona, modzi ndi umodzi, mazira akuluakulu mu chigamba chachikopa, pomwe zolengedwa zazing'ono zimatuluka zomwe zimawoneka ngati makolo awo, okonzekera moyo wodziimira payekha.
Mwachidziwikire, chifukwa cha malo okhala pamalo ozama kwambiri, momwe kuwala kochepa kwambiri kumalowa, Groti octopus sanakhalepo ndi mwayi woti asinthe mawonekedwe amitundu ina yambiri ya cephalopods, ndipo maselo a pigment nawonso ali ndi mawonekedwe akale. Nthawi zambiri, thupi la octopus limapakidwa utoto wofiirira, wofiirira, wa bulauni komanso wa chokoleti. Chochititsa chidwi china cha octopus wa grimu ndi kusapezeka kwake konse kwa chikwama cha inki.
Octopus ali ndi mitima itatu
Oimira ectopus ali 3 mitimaomwe amachepetsa thupi lamwazi, lomwe limakhala kuti limawala. Mtima waukulu umayendetsa magazi mthupi lonse la mollusk;
Pomwe akusaka, octopus Gromu amapanga baluni kuchokera kumlengalenga kuzungulira nyama
Asayansi ochokera ku Institute of Plymouth University aphunzira kale njira yosaka yomwe ma Dumbo octopus amagwiritsa .. Amapeza kuti mepuskod wa cephalopod uyu umakutira nyama yolumikizirana, ngati kuti imazungulira ndi baluni kuchokera kumlengalenga. Izi zimachitika kuti wovutayo asatayike. Pambuyo pake, grimu octopus imeza nyama.
Zizindikiro zakunja za octopus Grimpe.
The octopus Grwili, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya cephalopods, imakhala ndi thupi lamatumbo ngati gelatinous, lofanana ndi mawonekedwe ambulera kapena belu lotseguka. Maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka thupi la octopus Grimpe ndi oimira Opisthoteuthis. Zambiri zake ndizochepa - kuchokera 30 cm.
Utoto wa mtundu wa manambala umasiyanasiyana, wofanana ndi ma octopus ena, koma umatha kupangitsa khungu lake kuwonekera ndipo nthawi yomweyo imakhala yosawoneka.
Ikangofika kumtunda, grimu octopus imafanana ndi jellyfish yokhala ndi maso akulu, ndipo imakhala ngati yowimira cephalopods.
Pakatikati pa thupi la octopus pali ziphuphu zazitali zokhala ngati bulu. Amalimbikitsidwa ndi chikwangwani chowoneka ngati chisa; ndimabowo a nkhono za zigamba za nkhono. Mahema ake osiyana amaphatikizidwa ndi membrane woonda kwambiri - maambulera. Ichi ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe limapereka kayendedwe ka grimu octopus m'madzi.
Njira zoyenda m'madzi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi kusuntha kwa madzi a madzi a m'madzi. Mzere wamtali wa tinyanga touluka tomwe timathamangira m'matenti amodzi ndi makapu amodzi. Malo omwe makapu oyamwa mwa amuna ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe omwewo mu O. californiana, mwina mitundu iwiriyi imatha kukhala yofananira, kotero kugawa kwa Opisthoteuthis wokhala kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean kuyenera kufotokozedwa.
Dzira lirilonse limagona palokha
Dumbo octopuses, ikakulitsidwa, dzira lililonse lomwe limayikidwa ndi mkazi limalumikizidwa kumtunda pansi pamadzi ndikuwaswa. Mazira omwe amaikidwa ndi octopus awa ndi akulu kwambiri. Izi zimathandizira kuti mwana yemwe wangobadwa kumene wa grimu awoneke okalamba mokwanira. Mosiyana ndi ma octopus ena, ma octopus achikazi a genus Grimpoteitis amatha kuyikira mazira mosalekeza. Chifukwa chake, octopus Dambo alibe nyengo yodziwika ya kubereka.
Chakudya chamafuta octopus.
Grioni ya octopus, yokhala ndi thupi la gelatinous, monga mitundu yonse yokhudzana, imakhala nyama yolusa ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito nyama zosiyanasiyana za pelagic. Pansi pake, amasambira kuti akafufuze nyongolotsi, mabulangete, nkhanu, ndi chakudya chake chachikulu. Gwiritsani ntchito octopus kupeza mbewa zazing'ono (Copepod crustaceans) mothandizidwa ndi tinyanga yayitali. Mitundu iyi ya octopus imameza wogwidwayo lonse. Mbali iyi ya kakhalidwe kakudyedwe kumasiyanitsa iyo ndi ma octopus ena oyandama pansi pamadzi.
Octopus Dumbo - wokhala kwambiri pakati pa octopus onse odziwika mu sayansi.
Ma octopus a Dumbo fin pano amadziwika kuti ndi octopuse ochulukitsitsa padziko lapansi. Ambiri oimira banja lino amapezeka mwakuya kuchokera 100 mpaka 5000 m. Kukula kwa malo awo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuphunzira ma cephalopod awa m'malo awo achilengedwe.
Muli ma octopus grimu.
Octopus wa Grimu amatha kusinthidwa kuti ikhale m'malo akuya kwambiri, komwe kumakhala kusowa kuwala kokwanira.
Chifukwa cha moyo wapadera, mtunduwu walephera kusintha mtundu wa thupi kutengera malo okhala.
Kuphatikiza apo, maselo ake amtundu wakhungu amakonzedwa kwambiri. Mtundu wa cephalopod uyu nthawi zambiri umakhala wofiirira, wa violet, wa bulauni kapena wa chokoleti. Octopus ya Grimu imadziwikanso ndi kusapezeka kwa "inki" yogwirizana ndi madzi. Kuwona moyo wa octopus Grimpe pakuya kwakukulu ndikovuta, kotero chidziwitso chochepa chimadziwika zokhudzana ndi momwe zimakhalira. Mwina, mumadziwo mumakhala madzi othamanga pansi pafupi ndi nyanja mothandizidwa ndi "zipsepse".
Kubwezeretsa kwa octopus Grunde.
Gromu octopuses alibe madeti enieni oswana. Akazi amabwera ndi mazira pamiyeso yosiyanasiyana yachitukuko, motero, amabereka chaka chonse, popanda zokonda zina. Mu octopus yamphongo, imodzi mwa mahema imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu. Mwinanso ichi ndi chiwalo chosinthidwa chosinthidwa kuti chithane ndi spermatophore pakukula ndi mkazi.
Kukula kwa mazira ndikukula kwawo zimatengera kutentha kwa madzi, matupi osaya madziwo madzi amatentha msanga, kotero mazimba amakula mwachangu.
Kafukufuku wowerengeka wamtunduwu wa octopus adawonetsa kuti nthawi yophukira, wamkazi amatulutsa dzira limodzi kapena awiri nthawi, omwe amakhala kumbali ya oviduct. Mazira ndi okulirapo komanso wokutidwa ndi chipolopolo, amakhala osungunuka, ma octopuse akuluakulu sateteza kumanga. Nthawi yakubadwa kwa embryonic imawerengeredwa pamitundu kuyambira 1.4 mpaka 2.6. Ma octopus achichepere amawoneka ngati akuluakulu ndipo amapeza chakudya chawo. Ma octopus a Groti samaberekana mwachangu, chifukwa chakuchepa kwa ma cephalopods omwe amakhala m'madzi ozizira, amadzi ozizira komanso mawonekedwe ozungulira kwa moyo.
Munthu wokhwima amakhala ndi kukula pafupifupi 20 cm
Mukakula, octopus omaliza amakhala ochepa kwambiri kukula, mpaka kutalika kupitirira 20 cm. Komabe, mbiri imadziwa zowona pomwe zazikulu kwambiri za Grimpoteitis octopuses zinali zazitali pafupifupi 1.8 m, komanso anali ndi pafupifupi 6 kg.
Zowopsa kwa octopus grimu.
Palibe chidziwitso chokwanira kuti muwerenge momwe muliri wa octopus Grunde. Zochepa sizikudziwika pazachilengedwe komanso chilengedwe, popeza mtunduwu umakhala m'madzi akuya ndipo umapezeka mu nsomba zakuya kwambiri. Ma octopus a Grwili ali pachiwopsezo chambiri pakuwopseza, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwakusodzi kwa mitundu yambiriyi kukufunika mwachangu. Pali zambiri zochepa zokhudzana ndi malo omwe amapezeka gruli octopus.
Mwina, mamembala onse a Opisthoteuthidae, kuphatikiza ndi Gruli octopus, ali m'magulu a zinthu zabwino kwambiri.
Zambiri mwa zodzitchinjiriza zidazipeza kuchokera pansi pa zinsomba zomwe zimatenga ma octopus kuchokera m'madzi omwe amakhala pamwamba pamatope oyambira. Mtundu wa cephalopod mollusk uli ndi machitidwe angapo omwe amawonetsedwa ndi anthu otsika: moyo wamfupi, kukula pang'onopang'ono, komanso kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, grimu octopus imakhala m'malo ophera nsomba ndipo sizodziwikiratu momwe nsomba zomwe zimagwidwira zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa octopus.
Izi cephalopods zimafika pang'onopang'ono kutha ndipo zikusonyeza kuti kuwedza kwachepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha anthu m'malo ena. Ma octopus a Grwili ndi nyama zazing'ono, motero amavutika kwambiri chifukwa cha malonda akuya panyanja. Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe ali nazo pamoyo wawo ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi ma benthos, ndipo amatha kutengera mitundu ina ya ma octopus kuti agwere mumtambo wa zisagwe zapansi, chifukwa chake amakhala pachiwopsezo chakuwombera kwakuya kwamadzi. Palibe njira zenizeni zosungira ma octopus a grimu m'malo omwe amakhala. Kafukufuku wowonjezeranso amafunikira pakuwongolera msonkho, kufalitsa, kuchuluka ndi zochitika za kuchuluka kwa cephalopods awa.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Mukasuntha, Dumbo imagwiritsa ntchito ziphuphu zamkhutu
Pofuna kusuntha ma octopus, Dumbo amagwiritsa ntchito mahema, zinsinthi zamakutu ndi zithuza zapakhomopo. Tikamasambira, cephalopod uku, ngati kuti, "amawomba" ndi makutu ake. Kusunthira pansi, Dumbo octopus amagwiritsa ntchito mahema. Pa thupi la octopus pamakhala mabowo ogwiritsira ntchito poyenda. Madzi amadutsa pamabowo, omwe amatha kuwomberanso. Grimu imatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonsezi zoyendera palimodzi komanso nthawi imodzi. Izi zimamupatsa mwayi wokulirapo.
Ma octopus a Dumbo sangasinthe mtundu
Popeza octopus Dambo amakhala pamadzi akuya kwambiri, iye sangathe kuphatikiza chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe. Izi cephalopods ndi violet, utoto, chokoleti kapena milky.
Pophunzira mapiri omwe anaphulika a Davidson, asayansi adatha kujambula zikwizikwi za ma octopus a Dumbo
Kafukufuku wapansi pamadzi wochitidwa ndi wasayansi pafupi ndi phiri lomwe latsala pang'ono kuphulika Davidson, mothandizidwa ndi makamera apadera panyanja, zinali zotheka kuchotsa gulu lonse la octopus a Dumbo. Kafukufukuyu asanachitike, mitundu iyi ya octopus imadziwika kuti inali nyama yakuya kwambiri ikukhala patali kwambiri. Anthu omwe adatengedwa pafupi ndi phirili ali ndi kukula kwakukulu komwe kumapitilira kuwerenga kwapakati. Mtengo wawo wapakati umafika 60 cm. Komanso funso losasinthika loti chifukwa chiyani ma octopuse amodzi amapanga koloni pafupi ndi phiri lachiphalaphala Davidson. Ofufuzawo anena kuti kolimba lomwe limapezeka limakhala ndi akazi omwe amafuna malo otentha kuti akaikire mazira.
Male Dumbo octopus ali ndi ma tentpenterior akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ana
Male Grimpoteitis octopuses amasiyana ndi akazi osati kukula kwawo komanso pamaso pa mahema akulu mogwirizana ndi ena onse. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti ndi senti iyi yomwe imagwira ntchito kwambiri pakubala kwa ana, kufalitsa ma spermatophores ku thupi la mkazi.