Mtundu wokha ndi mtundu wokhawo: marmosette - C. goeldii Thomas, 1904. Nyani yaying'ono ya marmoset. Kutalika kwa thupi la chithaphwi ndi masentimita 18-21. Kutalika kwa mchirawo ndi 25- 32 cm. Kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 280 g. Tsitsi lophimba la marmoset limakhala lalitali, lalitali komanso lofewa. Pamakhala mutu waching'ono pamwamba pa mutu, pakhosi ndi mapewa. Kumbuyo kwa thupi, chovala cham'mimba chimamera ndi tsitsi lalitali la mavu kumatsikira mchira. Palibe tsitsi pamakutu. Mtundu wa tsambalo ndi wakuda bii, wokhala ndi zikaso kumaso mchira. Nthawi zina pamakhala matewera oyera pamutu ndi kumbuyo kwa marmoset. Chiwerengero cha ma chromosomes ndi 48.

Zomwe chilengedwechi chimagwirira ntchito zaphunziridwa bwino kwambiri. Amasungidwa m'matumba a anthu 20-30 m'munsi komanso chapakati paz akorona amitengo. Zoyenera kudya zimadyetsa ndipo mwina ndi zipatso zabuluu, masamba, njere, tizilombo, ndi nyama zina zazing'ono.

Marmosette ndiofanso ku chidebe cha Amazon kumadzulo kwa Brazil, kum'mawa kwa Peru ndi Bolivia kumpoto. Ofufuza ena amalongosola mtundu wa marmoset kwa banja la capuchin kapena amadzipatula mu banja lapadera la Callimico-nidae.

Chiwerengero cha marmosettes ndi chochepa. Onani olembedwa mu Red Book.

KALLIMIKO GELDIEVAYA (Callimico goeldii) ndi nyama yachilendo, yodziwika bwino yokhala ndi ubweya wakuda, wowoneka bwino, mtundu wake ndi wakuda, koma kumapeto tsitsi limakhala lopepuka. Tsitsi kumbuyo ndi m'mbali mwa mutu ndikutupa, lotupa. Mchirawo ndiwotalikirapo kuposa mutu ndi thupi. Chala cha dzanja chimakhala chachitali, koma chosatsutsidwa. Mphuno ndi yotsika kwambiri, ndipo mphuno limawoneka ngati lotseguka, lopindika. A Kallimiko amakhala kumapiri kumtunda kwa Mtsinje wa Amazon, mu korona wakuda wa mitengo yamvula. Masana. Njira yoyendetsera mawu komanso mawu, monga tamarine ndi marmosets.

Marmoset Callimico goeldii

Mitundu iyi ya anyani akale a New World ili ndi mtundu umodzi wosangalatsa monga kulumikizana pakati pa mabanja awiri a anyani amphongo amphongo - m'modzi ndi marmosets. Nthawi zambiri amasiyanitsidwa ndi mafayilo apadera a Callimiconinae. Mwa kapangidwe ka phazi, nkhope ndi nsapato zazomera, ndizofanana ndi marmosets, ndipo mano awo ndi chigaza ndizofanana ndi zaminyewa.

Wamphongo wachikulire amakhala ndi ubweya wofewa, wowoneka bwino, pafupifupi wamitundu yonse yakuda, koma nthawi zina amakhala ndi utoto wakuda, makamaka kumbuyo kwa thupi. Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi mawanga owoneka pamutu, kumbuyo, ndi malo ena.

Mwinanso kupendekera kwakunja kwa marmosette ndi kansalu kokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali lomwe limamangirira kumtunda kwa mutu, komanso ulusi wa tsitsi lalitali lophimba khosi ndi mapewa ngati chovala. Tsitsi lalitali pamafomu a sacrum, titero, lingaliro kumunsi kwa mchira.

Mtunduwu udafotokozedwa mu 1904, koma patatha zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zitadziwika ndi sayansi, sizinali zokhoza kuphunzira kalikonse zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe chake, zachilengedwe, komanso zofunikira zachilengedwe kuthengo. Ngakhale nyama zomwe zilipo pano sizikudziwika bwinobwino. Malingaliro ochepa omwe adapezeka adagwidwa kumtunda kwa Amazon kumtunda, Bolivia, kum'mawa kwa Peru komanso kumadzulo kwa Brazil (Acre Territory, Rio Xa Puri), komwe nyani amakhala m'magulu a anthu pafupifupi makumi atatu kapena atatu. Ndizovuta kwambiri kugwira nyama yanzeru komanso yokalamba iyi.

Tsoka ilo, m'zaka zaposachedwa, nyani yamoyo pang'ono wakhala akusowa kwambiri ngati chiweto, ndipo, zikuwoneka kuti, anayesetsa kwambiri kuti athane ndi zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kugwidwa. Zonsezi zinali ndi zotsatirapo zomvetsa chisoni, makamaka chifukwa nyama zambiri zobweretsedwa kumayiko ena zimafa nthawi yomweyo.

Ndikofunikira kuti maboma amayiko onsewa aletse kapena aletse kutumiza kwa marmosets pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo limodzi kapena lovomerezeka. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa kuphunzira kwawo kwachilengedwe mwachangu ndi kutenga nawo gawo kwa akatswiri amodzi kapena angapo kuti adziwe momwe zilili zamtunduwu ndikupereka malingaliro pazinthu zomwe zingadziteteze.

Mpaka 1954, milandu iwiri yokha yosungitsa anyani ali mu ukapolo idadziwika: ku London Zoo (1915) komanso ku Museum wa Geldy m'chigawo cha Para (Brazil). Kuyambira 1954 mpaka 1963, makope asanu ndi limodzi amabwera ku malo osungirako nyama ku Bronx, imodzi mwa izo, wamwamuna adabadwa mu 1959, adakhala mpaka Marichi 1964, zaka zopitilira zinayi ndi theka. Mu 1961, Cologne Zoo adalandila fanizo lake loyamba - chachikazi, kenako anali ndi wamwamuna wina yemwe amakhala zaka zisanu ndi theka. Mu 1966, pa anyani 12 omwe amabwera ku Germany, asanu ndi awiri anali adakalipo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Dr. L. Rein wa ku yunivesite ya Miami adatha kubweretsa mbewu muukapolo, pomwe milandu yodziwika kakhumi ndi kawiri ikubadwa, onse amakhala mnyumba za anthu ndipo m'modzi yekha mu San Diego Zoo.

(D. Fisher, N. Simon, D. Vincent "The Red Book", M., 1976)

Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala

Geldiev Kallimiko (Callimico goeldii) - woyimira yekhayo wa mtundu Chikalak - adatchulidwa pambuyo pa wasayansi wazachilengedwe waku Swiss Emil August Göldi (1859-1917). Kallimiko amakhala m'chigwa chapamwamba cha Amazon ku Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador ndi Peru. Ana anyaniwa ali ndi kutalika pafupifupi 20 cm ndi mchira kutalika kwa 25-30 cm, amalemera 355-556 g.Ulusi wakuda wa kallimiko ndi wandiweyani komanso wowonda, kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu amakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali lomwe limapanga mane, likugwera khosi ndi mapewa.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Anachita Kallimiko omnivores, amadya zipatso, zipatso ndi bowa, tizilombo (njenjete, ziwala), akangaude ndi ma vertebrates ang'onoang'ono (abuluzi, achule ndi njoka). Amadyera pamitengo ndi pansi, m'nthawi yadzuwa imamwa madzi am'madzi, ndipo nthawi yonyowa imatsika kuchokera kumasamba ndi mphukira.

Moyo

Kallimiko khalani ndi nthawi yatsiku komanso nthawi zambiri yovuta. Amangokwera modutsa mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo, kudumpha kuchokera pamtengo kupita kumtengo ndikuyamba kuthawa, amatha kutsika pamtengo kuchoka pamtengo kapena pansi, kumbuyo. Kudumpha, kallimiko amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yakumbuyo kuti apange kukankha kwakukulu ndikupatsa thupi kulowa. Chifukwa cha kukankha kwakanthawi, akwanitsa kuthana ndi mtunda wa 4 m kulumpha osataya kutalika. Nyambazi zimakonda kukhala m'munsi mwa nkhalangoyi (1-5 mm pamwamba pa nthaka), koma pofunafuna chakudya zimatha kukwera kwambiri. Tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tokhala m'mimba timagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyani kupatsa thupi lawo fungo lapadera. Kuti achite izi, amatambasula miyendo yawo pansi pa thupi lopindika mu thonje kapena kumata mchira wawo wopindidwa ndi mphete pansi pa thupi, ndikuyiyendetsa ndikubwerera pansi pamimba, motero ndikudzipukusa ndi mkodzo komanso kununkhira kwa ndulu.

Zochita Pachikhalidwe ndi Kubereka

Nyaniwa amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri kapena m'mabanja a anthu 9. Msana wa gululi umakhala wachimuna wamkulu, mmodzi kapena awiri osokoneza akazi ndi ana awo. Gululi limalumikizana kwambiri komanso limakhala lolumikizana: kallimiko samakonda kusunthira kutali kuposa mamita 15. Pakupumula (pakati pa kudyetsa ndikusuntha), ma marmosets amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali ku chisamaliro chamagulu (akudzikongoletsa): kutsuka tsitsi lawo, kuchotsa tizilombo ndi khungu lakufa. Masana kallimiko kupumula pa anthu a 1-4 omwe adapeza mita yocheperako wina ndi mnzake, kugona usiku wonse pamodzi munthaka yaying'ono kapena mumtengo wopanda kanthu, kumalumikizana kwambiri. Nyengo yakuberekera mu Seputembara-Novembala, pakati imatenga masiku 145 mpaka 157. Yaikazi imabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi wolemera 30-60 g ndipo imadyetsa mkaka kwa miyezi iwiri. Kwa milungu iwiri yoyambirira, mayi amavalira mwana wawo, sabata lachitatu - abambo, kenako - aliyense wam'maguluwo. Pofika chaka chimodzi, khandalo limayamba kuyesa chakudya cholimba, ndipo pakatha masabata 7 limasinthira chakudya chamunthu wachikulire.

Geldieva Kallimiko

Geldieva Kallimiko - Callimico goeldii - Imakhala m'mphepete kumtunda kwa Mtsinje wa Amazon pakati pa 1 degree kumpoto mpaka 13 digiri yakumwera, mu korona wowaza wamitengo yamvula. Callimico goeldii amapezeka kumwera kwa Colombia, kum'mawa kwa Ecuador, kum'mawa kwa Peru, kumadzulo kwa Brazil ndi kumpoto kwa Bolivia. Tsatirani moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Ichi ndi nyama yosowa kwambiri, yodziwika bwino, yokhala ndi ubweya wakuda, wa silika, mtundu wake waukulu ndi wakuda kapena bulauni, ndipo kumapeto kwake tsitsi limakhala lopepuka. Pamaso kapena mozungulira nkhope, madera ovala zovala zoyera ndi zotheka. Unyinji wa nyani wamkulu ndi 393-860 g. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 210-234 mm, mchira ndi 255-324 mm. Tsitsi lalitali limapanga mane, likugwera pakhosi ndi mapewa, tsitsi lalitali lomwelo limakula m'munsi mwa mchira. Akuluakulu amakhala ndi mphete zowala pamuswe wawo.

Callimico goeldii idyani zipatso, tizilombo, ndi ma vertebrates ang'onoang'ono. Gulu la mabanja limayenda kukafunafuna mitengo ya zipatso, mpikisano wa chakudya sunazindikiridwe. Amadyetsa zonse pamitengo ndi pansi, pomwe amasaka nyama zazing'ono zazikazi. Akazi amabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi. Mimba imatenga masiku 155. Mwana wongobadwa kumene amalemera 30-60 g Ali ndi milungu inayi, amakhala atatha kudya zomwe anthu akuluakulu amupatsa, ndipo pakatha masabata 7 amadya motere ndi akulu. Masabata awiri oyamba, mayi adavala, sabata lachitatu - abambo, komanso sabata lachinayi - mamembala onse a gululo.

Nyani amatha kutha msinkhu ali ndi miyezi 14; nthawi yokhala mu ukapolo ndi zaka 18. Zimapezeka pamitengo kutalika kwa 5 metres, ndipo zimatha kukwera pofunafuna chakudya, komanso kutsika, ndikufufuza mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo yakugwa. Amakwera molunjika mitengo ikuluikulu yamtengo, kudumpha kuchokera pamtengo kupita pamtengo, kuthawa ndikugwira nyama. Amatha kuthana mtunda wa 4 m mukudumpha osataya kutalika. Kwa tsiku lomwe amayenda m'njira ina, gawo lawo lili pafupifupi mahekitala 30-80. Kugona limodzi, kulumikizana limodzi. Katatu patsiku, amapuma kuti apumule kwa mphindi 30-90 kuti ayendetse padzuwa kapena akamayeseza.

Maonekedwe a Kallimiko Geldieva

Mano ndi chigaza cha Kallimiko zili ngati za chifuwa, ndi nkhope, mapazi ndi misomali ngati tsitsi, ngati marmosets ndi tamarins, omwe ndi marmosets.

Malo ogwirira ntchito a Geldy ndiwopindika. Mtundu waukulu wa thupi ndi wakuda, koma malangizo a tsitsi ndi opepuka. Anthu ena atha kukhala ndi zidutswa zazing'ono ndi mawanga pa malaya. M'mphepete mwa mutu ndi kumbuyo kwake, tsitsi limakhala lalitali, likukutupa. Tsitsi ili limapanga kapu pachiwongola dzanja ndi mapewa pamapewa. Mchira ndi wautali. Pakhosi pamakhala mchira. Chifukwa cha kulolera pang'ono, mphuno zimawoneka ngati zazing'ono.

Geldi marmosocket (Callimico goeldii).

Zomwe zimadziwika zokhudzana ndi moyo wa Kallimiko

A Kallimiko amakhala pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Amazon, m'nkhalango zamvula. M'nyumba mwawo muli nduwira zowuma za mitengo. Amayenda mozungulira ndikufuula ngati marmosette ndi tamarines.

Kallimiko Geldieva adafotokozedwa mu 1904, koma patatha izi pang'ono atha kuphunzitsidwa zazinthu zamakhalidwe, zikhalidwe, komanso zachilengedwe za mitunduyo. Mpaka pano, magulu osiyanasiyana a anyaniwa sanadziwikebe bwinobwino. Zitsanzo zochepa zomwe adagwidwa kumadzulo kwa Brazil ndi kum'mawa kwa Peru. M'malo awa, anyani amakhala m'magulu a anthu 20-30. Ndizovuta kwambiri kugwira mawu oyenda komanso anzeru.

Kallimiko geldieva ali pamndandanda wa mitundu yotetezedwa.

Chiwerengero cha Kallimiko

Tsoka ilo, m'zaka zaposachedwa, ma kallimikos oseketsa komanso otchuka atchuka kwambiri ngati ziweto. Izi zinayamba kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zomvetsa chisoni, chifukwa nyani zambiri zinagwidwa, zomwe, zikagwa zatsopano, zimafa kwambiri.

Malinga ndi lamuloli, kallimiko amaletsedwa kutumiza kunja kwa dziko.

Kuti asunge marmosets, ndikofunikira kuti apange lamulo lomwe anagwirizana, malinga ndi komwe kutumizidwa kwa nyama izi ndi kutumizidwa kumayiko ena ndizoletsedwa. Pamodzi ndi izi, ndikofunikira kuphunzira zachilengedwe za kallimiko kuti zitheke kuwunika momwe zilili zamtunduwu ndikuwona momwe angatetezere anyaniwa.

Kallimiko geldieva amatetezedwa osati ndi malamulo, komanso amasungidwa m'malo osungira nyama, komwe amayesera kubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa mitundu.

Mpaka 1954, kallimiko adamangidwa kokha ku Brazil ndi London. Pambuyo pa 1954, anthu 6 adakhazikika kumalo osungira nyama ku Bronx. Mwamunayo adakhala mpaka 1964. Mu 1961, wamkazi adakhazikika ku Cologne, ndipo kale panali wamwamuna yemwe adakhala zaka 5. Mu 1966, anyani 7 anali amoyo, mwa 20 amabwera.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Dr. L. Rhine, yemwe amagwira ntchito ku Yunivesite ya Miami, adakwanitsa kupezera ana a Kallimiko ku ukapolo. Masiku ano, milandu yocheperako 10 yokhudza ukapolo wa kallimiko imadziwika, ndipo mlandu umodzi wokha womwe udawonedwa mu San Diego Zoo, ndipo ena onse ndi ochokera kwa eni ake.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.