Republic of Karelia ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia. Chifukwa cha maiwe ndi nkhalango za m'derali, nyengo yanyumba inagwa bwino, mvula nthawi zambiri imasinthika. Zomera ndi nyama zambiri zolembedwa m'gawo la derali zalembedwa mu Red Book of the Republic ndi Russia.
Nyengo ya Karelia Sintha
Republic of Karelia ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chilengedwe chake ndi kuchuluka kwa nkhalango zachilengedwe zambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi mahekitala 13.41 miliyoni a m'derali.
Ku republic kuli nyanja 73,000. Nyanja za Ladoga ndi Onega, nyanja zotchuka kwambiri za Karelia, zimachitidwanso umboni kuti ndi waukulu kwambiri osati ku republic, komanso ku Europe. Komanso mitsinje yambiri imayenda m'derali. Mwachitsanzo, mu Nyanja ya Ladoga, Neva, Volkhov, Svir, Olonka ndi ena amayamba.
Chifukwa cha malo osungirako nyama ndi nkhalango, nyengo yanthawi yochepa yamvula yakhazikika ku Karelia. Zima ku Karelia ndi zofatsa, koma motalika, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Nyengo imasinthika, thaws ndi kuzizira kwakuthwa si zachilendo. Spring imabwera kumapeto kwa Marichi, koma ngakhale mu Meyi, akatswiri a zanyengo amagwira mawu oundana. Chilimwe ku Karelia chimabwera mu Juni, mwezi wotentha kwambiri ndi Julayi, kutentha kwa mpweya kumakwera mpaka madigiri + 34 C. Autumn imayamba mu theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti.
Zomera za Karelia Sintha
Zomera ndi zinyalala za Republic of Karelia zimatsimikizidwanso ndi malo. Zomera zodziwika bwino za tundra zimamera kumpoto chakum'mawa: mosses, lichens, spruce ndi birch. Koma 46.80% ya gawo la Karelia amatenga nkhalango zachilengedwe. Mwa conifers, pine wamba ndi spruce ndizofala. Pafupifupi kumwera kwa Karelia, nkhalango zowirira zimakhala pamodzi ndi zina zosakanizika. M'masamba osakanikirana okhala ndi birch, alder, aspen ndiofala, nthawi zina mapu amapezeka. Komanso m'nkhalango za Karelian mutha kuwona mtengo wosowa komanso wamtengo wapatali - mtengo wa Karelian birch. Amalembedwa mu Red Book of the Republic, chifukwa mitengo yake, chifukwa cha zokongoletsera zake zapamwamba, imakhala yamtengo padziko lonse lapansi.
Chingwe cham'munsi cha nkhalangoyi chimayimiriridwa ndi zitsamba. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti, mwachitsanzo, iwo samakula m'nkhalango ya paini. Pafupifupi kumwera kwa Karelia pali nkhokwe za lingonberry, buluu, buliberries ndi cranberries. Zipatso za kumpoto zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha michere ndi mavitamini awo opindulitsa. "Dzuwa" - Izi ndi zomwe wolemba zachilengedwe Prishvin adatcha nkhalango zathu. Dothi m'nkhalangoyi lakutidwa ndi mbewa ndi nyemba; reindeer moss ndi heather ndizofala.
Pakati pa bowa pali buluu wa bulauni, boletus, chanterelles ndi russula. Mu burs mumakhala azungu komanso azisilamu ambiri. M'madambo osakanikirana mumakhala bowa womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzera mchere: kupuntha bowa, bowa (woyera, wakuda, wachikasu), bowa wa uchi ndi mitundu ina ya bowa.
Karelia
Karelia, dera lotetezedwa la nkhalango ndi nyanja, lili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia. M'magawo ake, omwe amafananizidwa ndi Greece kapena Bulgaria, amakhala m'malo achisanu pakati pa Russian Republic. Kumadzulo, Karelia amalumikizana ndi Finland, kumwera, kumpoto ndi kum'mawa - ndi zigawo za North-West Federal District ya dzikolo - zigawo za Leningrad, Vologda, Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa gombe lake kumatsukidwa ndi madzi ozizira a Nyanja Yoyera.
Fauna wa Karelia Sintha
Zina mwa Karelia ndi ziphuphu. Pali nyama zonse zamtchire komanso nthumwi za North Sea zomwe zikuimira ufumu wa nyama. Zimbalangondo, mimbulu, mimbulu, ma lynxes zimapezeka m'nkhalango za Karelia. Mphalapala ndi mbewa zimakonda kupezeka - ma artiodactylawa adakhala pamtunda wa Karelian zaka 5,000 zapitazo. Anthu awiri okhala ndi zokolola amakhala m'mitsinje ya Karelia - European and Canada.
Pali nyama zambiri zosowa ku Karelia, mwachitsanzo, chisindikizo cha Ladoga, chomwe chimangokhala mu Nyanja ya Ladoga ndi Lake Saimaa ku Finland. Mu Red Book of Karelia pali hare, wolverine, porpoise.
Dziko la mbalame ndilosiyanasiyana. Kumpoto kwa republic kuli masewera ambiri a kumtunda: grouse wakuda, grouse, capercaillie, partridge yoyera. Pali mbalame zodya nyama monga kadzidzi, kambuku, chiwombankhanga chagolide. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamadziwe, ma waterfowl amamva bwino ku Karelia. Seagull, abakha ndi mbewa zimakonda kupezeka kunyanja, ndi chiwombankhanga pagombe.
Repubuloni ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba - nsomba zoyera, nsomba, nsomba, zander, imvi ndi zina. Zosiyanasiyana zambiri komanso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, makamaka zosasangalatsa kwa anthu ndi nyama, udzudzu, midges ndi mahatchi. Njoka yowopsa kwambiri m'maguluwa ndi njoka wamba. Kummwera, milandu yodziwika bwino siyachilendo.
Zapamwamba
Karelia, ngale ya kumpoto kwa zokopa za dziko la Russia, ndi gawo la njira zoyendera alendo a Blue Road zomwe zikugwirizanitsa dzikolo ndi Norway, Sweden, ndi Finland.
Makhalidwe osangalatsa a Karelia, chikhalidwe choyambirira cha anthu omwe amakhala mmenemu, zaluso zaluso zojambulajambula komanso malo achipembedzo zimakopa okonda maulendo ndi okonda kukongola nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Apa mutha kuyenda ndi kusenda, kupita kukasambira, kusaka, kusaka nsomba, kudziwana ndi mapangidwe apadera azikhalidwe, zachikhalidwe komanso mbiri yakale. M'zaka zaposachedwa, njira zachilengedwe "zobiriwira" zakhala zikutchuka kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kuyendera malo osungirako zachilengedwe komanso malo otetezedwa, komanso maulendo a ethnographic omwe amapereka mwayi wochezera midzi ya Karelian, Pomeranian, Veps yomwe ili ndi mbiri yayitali.
Zima ku Karelia Museum-Reserve "Kizhi"
Mbiri ya Karelia
Ngakhale mu VII-VI zaka za zana la BC. e. anthu adayamba kukhazikika kudera la Karelia. Izi zikuwonekeranso ndi ma choleroglyphs otchuka padziko lonse lapansi omwe amapezeka pagombe lakummawa kwa Lake Onega, kutali ndi mudzi wa Besov Nos. Pali zithunzi zakale kudera la White Sea la Karelia, pakamwa pa Vyg. Amadziwika kuti m'zaka za zana la 1 BC. e. Mafuko a Finno-Ugric, Karelians, Vepsians ndi Sami amakhala kuno. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yathu ino, mafuko achisilavo adawonekera m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yoyera, zikubweretsa kuno chikhalidwe cha kulima dzikolo.
Kubwera kwa Kievan Rus m'zaka za zana la 9, maiko a Karelian anali m'gulu la zochita zake. Kuwonongeka kwa dziko lakale lino, Karelia adakhala mbali ya boma la Novgorod Republic, ndipo mu 1478, pamodzi ndi mayiko ena a Veliky Novgorod, adakhala mbali ya boma la Russia.
Mzaka za XVI-XVII, a Sweden, akuti kudera lino, adakuliranso kum'mawa, ndipo chifukwa cha nkhondo ya Russia ndi Sweden ya zaka zitatu, mu 1617 Russia idapereka chigwirizano cha Karelian Isthmus ku Sweden pansi pa Pangano la Stolbov. M'zaka zana zotsatira, malinga ndi mgwirizano wa Nystadt Peace Treaty (1721), womwe unathetsa Nkhondo ya Kumpoto, gawo ili linabwereranso ku Russia.
Kuyambira 1923, Karelia wakhala ndi dziko la Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Mu 1990, Bungwe Lalikulu la Karelia lidatengera chilengezo cha ulamuliro wa boma wa Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, ndipo chaka chotsatira adasinthidwa kuti Republic of Karelia. Pa Marichi 31, 1992, Republic of Karelia, atasainirana pangano la federal, adakhala gawo lokhazikika la Russian Federation ndipo adakhala gawo la North-West Federal District ya Russia.
Karelia ali ndi chida chake chanyimbo, nyimbo ndi mbendera, ndipo likulu lake ndi mzinda wa Petrozavodsk.
Solovetsky Monastery Village Kalevala Dzuwa ku Sortavala
Likulu la Karelia
Kutuluka kwa mzinda waukulu wa Republic of Karelia kumalumikizidwa ndi dzina la Peter the Great komanso zochitika zochititsa chidwi zam'mbuyo zam'ma 1800: Kufikira kwa Russia ku Nyanja ya Baltic, kukonzanso boma mu "njira ya ku Europe", komanso kupita patsogolo kwachuma kwa mafakitale.
Mu 1703, m'mphepete mwa Lake Onega, m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Lososenka, adayamba kupanga chomera cha Petervsky, chomwe chidakhala bizinesi yayikulu kwambiri ku Russia. Kuzungulira iye kunabuka Petrovskaya Sloboda, komwe amisiri, asitikali, akuluakulu a dipatimenti ya migodi amakhala. Malinga ndi lamulo la a Catherine II mu 1777, nyumbayi idalandira mzinda, ndipo mu 1781 Petrozavodsk adakhala likulu la chigawo cha Olonets. Kazembe woyamba kuderali anali wolemba ndakatulo komanso wolemekezeka a Gavril Derzhavin.
Cathedral Ya Alexander Nevsky ku Petrozavodsk
Khadi yoyendera ya Petrozavodsk ndi Old Town, pomwe nyumba zomanga za 18th century 19 zilipo. Ena mwa odziwika ndi Alexander Nevsky Cathedhi (1823), Holy Cross Cathedral (1852), tchalitchi cha Solomensky ku tchalitchi cha Atumwi Peter ndi Paul (1781), mpingo wa Stretenskaya (1798).
Likulu la Karelia ndiye chimake cha malo opanga zokopa alendo. Kuchokera apa, misewu ndi njanji zimasiyanasiyana zomwe zimatsogolera kuchigawo chachikulu.
Petrolivodsk Station National Theatre ya Republic of Karelia Petrozavodsk Embankment
Zojambula zakale komanso zachikhalidwe
Kuyambira kwa chikhalidwe cha Karelia ndi chizindikiro cha cholowa cha anthu anayi azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, zaka khumi zakukhala limodzi padziko lapansi pano - Karelians, Finns, Vepsians, Russia. Malo ambiri omanga ndi mbiri yakale yomwe ili ku Republic of Karelia ali ndi mwayi wokhala choloŵa cha Russia, ndipo ena ali pa Mndandanda wa Zosowa Padziko Lonse la UNESCO.
Chuma zitatu zazikuluzikulu zachuma ku Karelia ndi Kizhi, Valaam ndi Zilumba za Solovetsky. Malo awa azikhalidwe komanso zauzimu zauzimu ofunikira padziko lonse lapansi amalandila alendo masauzande mazana ambiri omwe akufuna kudziwa zowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino zakale zadzikoli, pitani kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale, phunzirani zamiyambo ndi zaluso za Karelia.
Kizhi ndi amodzi mwa zilumba chikwi chimodzi ndi theka zomwe zili ku Lake Onega. Pachilumbachi pali Kizhi Pogost - chithunzi chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha zomangamanga zakale kumpoto kwa Russia, chophatikizidwa ndi UNESCO World Heritage List.
Kuphatikizika kwa zomangamanga kumeneku kunapangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1800. Mu 1714, nzika zakomweko zidapanga ndalama zawo kuno ku Church of the Transfiguration. Patatha zaka zana limodzi, Tchalitchi cha Intercession sichinakhale kutali ndi icho, kenako nsanja yotseka, yomwe idapereka kukhulupirika komanso kukwanira. Olemba mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti izi mwina zinali ndi lingaliro la okhulupirira ponena za chilengedwe cha Mulungu.
Kuphatikizika kwa Kizhi Pogost, komwe kumwera kwa chilumbachi, ndiye maziko omwe nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale inapangidwira. Imakhala ndi zipilala zakale zakale, zinthu zapakhomo (zowonetsa pafupifupi 30,000), zifanizo zachipembedzo, kuphatikizapo zithunzi 500 za m'zaka za zana la 16 mpaka 19. Kwa zaka zambiri, zonsezi zidapangidwa m'midzi yaku Russia, Karelian, Veps yomwe ili m'madera osiyanasiyana a Obonezh komanso m'midzi yaku South ndi North Karelia.
Kuphatikiza pa zipilala zomwe zikuyimira kufotokozedwa kwakukulu kwa nyumbayi, pali midzi yambiri yakale.
Kizhi tchalitchi Kizhi adadzitchinjiriza m'mawa kutchalitchi cha Kuuka kwa Lazaro
Kwa theka la zaka zakupezeka kwake, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi idapangidwanso ndi ziwonetsero zapadera: imodzi mwazakachisi zakale zomwe zidatsalira ku Russia zidatengedwa pano - Mpingo wa Kuuka kwa Lazaro wa m'zaka za zana la XIV, ma chapel angapo, nyumba zopitilira makumi awiri. Zina mwazotumizidwazo ndi nkhokwe, matumba, malo osambira ndi zina zomanga nyumba.
Midzi ya Yamka ndi Vasilyevo ili pakatikati pa chilumbachi, kumpoto kuli malo owonetsera, zomwe omasulira amakhala ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu aku Russia a Pudozh, gawo logawanikirana limagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha a Pryazha Karelians.
Museum-Reserve simangokhala zojambulajambula zokhala ndi mbiri yakale, komanso malo ofufuzira, kumene amachita nawo chitsitsimutso cha miyambo yachikhalidwe.Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imakhala ndi tchuthi cha nthano, masewera a anthu, Masiku a zaluso za anthu.
Ntchito zimachitika mnyumba zakale zamakachisi masiku ano, ndipo mabelu amatsanulidwa pamiyala ya Kizhi.
Malo okhala ndi zofikira - cafe, bar, ma souvenir kiosks, positi ofesi ndi chithandizo choyambirira - ali kum'mwera kwa chilumbachi. Palinso pier pomwe mungayende paulendo wa bwato panjira yomwe imatchedwa "Kizhi khosi". Paulendowu mudzatha kuwona kuvina kozungulira kwamakachisi akale obalalika mbali zosiyanasiyana za chilumba cha Kizhi komanso kuzilumba zoyandikana nawo. Iliyonse yaiwo ndi yapadera, osati monga inzake, ndipo ili pamalo ake achilengedwe komanso mbiri yakale.
Ulendowu umatenga maola atatu. Mtengo: ma ruble 100 pamunthu.
Kizhi Island, Karelia Wooden Mill Boat House
Posachedwa, njira yatsopano yowonera pachilumba cha Kizhi - njira yachilengedwe. Poganizira kuti malo osungirako zinthu zakalewo ali m'dera lapadera la Karelia, lidatambasulidwa pafupifupi 3 km ndipo lili ndi malo owonera, kuchokera malo abwino kwambiri azigawo, omwe amazungulira zivomezi zakale komanso chipale chofewa chomwe chidatsikira zaka pafupifupi 12,000 zapitazo, chotseguka. Kuchokera apa mutha kuwonera mbalame zosowa komanso kusilira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chisumbu cha Kizhi. Munjira yonse, maimidwe azidziwitso ndi malo osangalatsa zakhazikitsidwa.
Chilumba chonsechi chimayang'aniridwa ndi malo osungirako zinthu zakale, ndipo kuti mukalowemo mukadzacheza muyenera kulipira ma ruble 500. Tikiti yaopenshoni imawononga ma ruble 300, kwa ophunzira - ma ruble 200, ana omwe ali ndi zaka 16 amatha kuyendera chisumbuyo kwaulere.
Mutha kusungitsa malo oyenda pompopompo. Kusankhidwa kwa mapulogalamu opanga maulendo ndiwabwino, nthawi yawo imachokera kotala limodzi mpaka maola atatu, mtengo wake umachokera ku ruble 200 mpaka 1000 pamunthu.
Zithunzi zamayendedwe achilengedwe ku Kizhi
- Kuyamba kwa njira yachilengedwe (Chizindikiro ku nyumba yoyang'anira)
- Weather of Zaonezhie (Poklonnaya mtanda kuchokera kumudzi wa Chuinavolok)
- Dongosolo la gawo la Kizhi skerries (Pachipata)
- Mbiri ya Kizhi Island (Helipad)
- Zotsatira za chisanu pachilumba cha Kizhi (tsamba kumbuyo kwa manda)
- Zomera za pachilumba cha Kizhi (Mill pafupi ndi mudzi wa Yamka)
- Mbalame za Kizhi skerries (Tsamba patsamba lampulumutsi Wopanda Manja)
- Kizhi Island Fauna (Pa Chitsime)
- Maonekedwe pachilumbachi ndi anthu ake (Coppice pamsewu wotsika)
- Mavuto azachilengedwe ndi yankho lawo (Pachitseko cha pier, malo omwe basi imatembenukira)
Valaam
Kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Ladoga, kuli malo azisumbu a Valaam, omwe dzina lawo linapatsidwa ku chilumba cha Valaam. Dzinali limakhalanso ndi nyumba yodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi yomwe adaikamo. Mbiri ya amonke a Valaam idayamba zaka za X-XI. Kuyambira pamenepo, malo opanga mwaluso kwambiri adapangidwa pang'onopang'ono kuzungulira mozungulira.
Malo awa a Karelia adakhazikitsidwa kale m'zaka za zana la 10, ndipo pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo amonke achi Orthodox akuwonekera pano. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti m'zaka za XIV panali kale nyumba za amonke. Mu 1611, idasakazidwa ndi a Sweden, ndipo idakhala mabwinja kwa zaka zoposa zana. Nyumba za amonke zinayamba kubwezeretsedwanso mu 1715, koma nyumba zamatabwa mkati mwa zaka za 1800 zidawonongeka ndi moto. Kupanga kwakukulu kwamiyala yamiyala yopangidwa ndi miyala kunayamba mu 1781. Mipingo, nyumba zopangira nyumba ndi zomangamanga zidamangidwa pano. Popita nthawi, misewu idayikidwa pamalo a amonke, madamu adatsanulidwa, njira adakumbidwa, milatho idamangidwa ndipo malo omangira ngalawa adamangidwa.
Mkristu wouma khosi komanso woleza mtima, Mkristu, adapanga dothi lapansi pathanthwe la pachilumbacho, ndikuwaza dziko lapansi kuchokera kumtunda. Apa adayamba kulima mitengo ndi mbewu zam'munda zokhazokha m'malo awa.
Ladoga dzuwa litalowa Sitimayi ipita ku Nikolsky Skete
Zokongoletsa zam'makomo a amonke ndi kukongola kopangidwa ndi anthu m'malo owazungulira amapanga gulu limodzi lofanana ndi Valaam.Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuti m'zaka za zana la 19 chisumbucho chidakhala mtundu wa malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, pomwe ojambula aku Russia adalemekeza luso lawo pakupaka malo owoneka bwino. Chifukwa chake, nyumba yachifumu ya Valaam ndi chilumbacho adagwidwa ndi zojambula zambiri zomwe zimasungidwa lero m'malo osungirako zinthu zakale otchuka.
Dera lokongola lanyumba zamiyala likuluikulu limakula komanso lachifumu kwambiri pachilumba chonse cha Valaam. Katundu wa amonke wapakati amaphatikiza ndi Transfiguration Cathedral, nyumba zake zam'magulu, mahotela apaulendo, Holy Gates yokhala ndi chipata cha tchalitchi cha Peter ndi Paul, Assept ndi matchalitchi a Utatu Wopatsa Moyo.
Monastery ya Valaam Kusintha kwa Zinthu, Karelia View ya mtanda wokumbukira
Malo apakatiwo azunguliridwa ndi Intercession Chapel, Church of the Reverend Fathers, makoma omwe amatsalira otsalira a nyumba za amonke, hermitages ndi nyumba zina.
Makachisi omwe alipo ndi otseguka pagulu, koma ayenera kuvala moyenera. Kwa akazi ovala mathalauza, akabudula, ndi masiketi afupi, osavala mitu yawo, khomo lidzatsekedwa. Zabudula, ma T-shirts ndi ma tracksuits pa amuna nawonso siolandilidwa.
Maulendo opita ku Valaam amachoka ku Petrozavodsk ndi Ladoga. Monga lamulo, mabasi amafika mumzinda wa Sortavala, kuchokera komwe, nyengo yotentha, ndege zamasiku onse zimachitika pa Meteor. Nthawi yoyenda ndi madzi - 1 ora.
Woyendetsa ndege Meteor Valaam - ngale ya Karelia
Mukamaitanitsa maulendo opita mumzinda uno, mutha kusankha imodzi mwanjira ziwiri: pulogalamu yayifupi, yomwe imaphatikizapo kusamutsa ,ulendo wapaulendo woyenda kunyumba ya amonke (kuyambira ma ruble 2300 pamunthu aliyense) kapena pulogalamu yonse, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuyendera dera lalikulu lotchedwa " Yerusalemu Watsopano ”, kuchezera kwa Nikon's Bay, chakudya chamasana pamakonzedwe, komanso mwayi womvetsera ku chants cha uzimu chatchalitchi (kuchokera pa ma ruble 3170 pamunthu aliyense).
Ngati mungayende pa basi kapena paulendo wapaulendo, mutha kukwera pagombe ku Monastyrskaya Bay.
M'nyengo yozizira, makampani oyendayenda amapanga maulendo apaulendo apaulendo ndiwotchi ku Valaam.
Chilumba cha Valaam nthawi yachisanu
Solovki
Zilumba za Solovetsky zilinso za dera la Arkhangelsk, koma zakale zimalumikizana ndi Karelia ndipo zimapezeka kumalire ake oyang'anira kumpoto kwa White Sea. Njira yochepetsetsa ya Solovki imangoyambira kugombe la Karelian, ndipo njira zambiri zokacheza ku Karelia zimaphatikizapo kukacheza kuzilumba za Solovetsky.
Ili pafupi ndi Arctic Circle ndipo imaphatikizapo zilumba zazikulu zisanu ndi chimodzi komanso pafupifupi zana kapena zochepa. Mphepete mwa nyanja ya Solovki ndiwowoneka modabwitsa: imakopa alendo apaulendo okhala ndi miyala yomangidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, yofanana ndi makhoma owonongedwa a mizinda yakale, mzere wambiri wa nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi nyanja zomwe zidabalalika pakati pawo.
Zisumbuzo zili ndi malo otetezedwa, mbiri yakale, zomangamanga ndi malo osungirako zinthu zakale.
Labyrinths pachilumba chachikulu cha Zayatsky Solovetsky, Karelia
Ntchito yomanga nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi, yomwe imakhazikitsidwa ndi Solovetsky Monastery, yalembedwa kuti UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Chilumba chodziwika bwino kwambiri pachilumbachi ndicho Chilumba chachikulu cha Solovetsky. Apa ndipamene mudzi wokhawo wazisumbuzi komanso zowunikira zazikulu zakale, zauzimu ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zili pamalo osungiramo zinthu zakalezi: malo a amonke okha, nyumba ya amonke ya Ascension pa Phiri la Sekirnaya, nyumba ya amonke ya Savvatievsky, komanso chipululu cha Isaakov, Filipov ndi Makariyev.
Chilumba chachikulu cha Muksalma
Madera ena a Solovetsky Monastery - hermitages, zipululu, komanso Stone labyrinths amapezeka kuzilumba za Bolshaya Muksalma, Anzer ndi pachilumba chachikulu cha Zayatsky.
Solovetsky Monastery, yomwe ndi imodzi mwa malo akulu kwambiri auzimu ku Russia, idakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za zana la 15 ndi amonke a Zosima ndi aku Germany.Nyumba yachifumuyo imadziwika chifukwa cha gawo lake labwino kwambiri m'mbiri ya kulimbikitsa boma la Russia kumagawo akumpoto.
Kapangidwe kamakedzedwe kamapangidwe kamakedzedwe kamakhala ndi zinthu zakale zakale Chikristu chisanayambe, grremose Kremlin - linga lamphamvu lomwe limamangidwa kuchokera kumiyala yamiyala, nyumba zoyera za miyala yoyera, njira yazingwe zopangidwa ndi anthu yolumikiza nyanja zam'zilumba, munda wakale wa botanical.
Mu 20s ya zaka zapitazi, a Bolsheviks adawona kuti kumanga kwa nyumba ya amonke ndi malo abwino kwambiri pokonzekera malo omangidwa kwa zigawenga komanso nzika "zosadalirika". Tikuyenera kunena kuti zigawenga komanso ampatuko adadzipatula mkati mwa mpanda wa Amonke a Solovetsky. Koma pazaka zinayi zapitazo, akaidi 300 omwe adadwala pano, pasanathe zaka makumi awiri, anthu opitilira 100,000 adapita kundende za Solovetsky Special More Camp Camp, ambiri omwe sanachoke ku Solovki. Phulusa lawo limapumira m'manda opanda dzina.
Mu 1990, Solovetsky Monastery inabwereranso ku tchalitchi cha Orthodox, pang'onopang'ono kubwezeretsa udindo wake pamoyo wa uzimu ku Russia. Kuti muwone malo okongola a amonke okhala ndi nthano, miyanda masauzande apaulendo ndi alendo amabwera kuno chaka chilichonse.
Ndizosavuta kupita ku Zilumba za Solovetsky kuchokera kumizinda ya Kem ndi Belomorsk.
Sitima zapamtunda zimachoka pagati lanyumba ya Rabocheostrovsk, yomwe ili pamtunda wa 12 km kuchokera Kemi, kawiri pa tsiku kuyambira Juni mpaka Seputembala. Mtengo wa tikiti la njira imodzi ndi ma ruble 1,500 kwa munthu wamkulu, ma ruble 750 kwa ana azaka za 3 mpaka 10, kwa ana ochepera zaka zitatu - kuyenda ndi kwaulere. Nthawi yoyenda ndi maola 2.
Mitengo yofananayo yamatikiti kwa omwe amapita ku Solovetsky Islands kuchokera ku Fishing port ku Belomorsk. Sitima yamagalimoto, yomwe imawuluka tsiku lililonse kuyambira mwezi wa Juni mpaka Seputembala, ili pamsewu kwa maola 4, mumpingomo muli ma bwaloli 4 oyenda bwino, cafe, bwalo loyenda ngakhale laibulale.
Ruskeala Marble Canyon, Karelia
Mu ufumu wakumpoto
Karelia ndi mtundu wamalo osungira zachilengedwe. Zotsatira za mbiri yakale ya kumpoto kwa Europe zasungidwa m'dziko lamtengo wapatali. Apa mutha kuwona zotsatira zamatsenga zomwe zidapangira nkhope ya dziko lapansi kalekale anthu asanaonekere. Malo osungirako malo, osakumbukira za chivomerezi cham'mbuyo, kuphulika kwa mapiri, kugwa kwa mapiri am'mlengalenga, zimapangitsa chidwi kwa alendo okaona malo, ndipo ophunzira a m'madipatimenti a sayansi ya zam'dziko amabwera ku magawo amenewa kuti aphunzire zamatsenga a madzi oundana omwe nthawi ina amabwera kudzikoli kuchokera ku Nyanja Yakumpoto. Madzi oundana omwe anasungunuka zaka pafupifupi 12,000 zapitazo anasiya "makhadi oyitanitsa" apa - miyala yayikulu, miyala ikuluikulu m'miyala, ndi zitunda zamiyala, ngati kuti yatoleredwa ndi ndowa ya chimphona chachikulu, - moraines. Kusintha konseku kwa zinthu zam'mlengalenga zam'mlengalenga kwawulula michere yambiri ya miyala yofunika komanso miyala yamtengo wapatali.
Pafupifupi theka la Karelia ndi yokutidwa ndi nkhalango, gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi m'derali limakhala ndi nyanja zambiri. Dera lokhala ndi madambo komanso mapiri okongola okutidwa ndi moss.
Chuma chachikulu cha Karelia ndi nkhalangoyi. M'nkhalango zachilenje zophatikizika ndi malo osakanikirana, nkhanu, zimbalangondo, mimbulu, anyani, moose, nkhumba zamtchire, ndi mbalame ndi mitundu pafupifupi 270.
Brown Bear Reindeer Beavers Elk Poisonous Mushroom
Pansi pa masamba obiriwira a mitengo ya paini, ma buluu, lingonberry, maluwa, makoko, nkhalango zamtchire ndi mbewa zamaluwa zimakula bwino, pakati pake pali ambiri azachipatala. Mitengo ya paini iyi ndi malo abwino kwambiri osankha ma ceps. Msondodzi, mbalame yamtchire, phulusa lamapiri, mlombwa, wopitilira mtengo, kuphatikizapo mtundu wamtengo wapatali ndi mitengo yakuda, amakula msipu.
Mtengo wina wosowa - Karelian birch - umapezeka m'malo ochepa m'nkhalango zakumwera kwa dzikolo.Ichi ndi mtengo wotsika, womwe ungazindikiridwe ndi thunthu losalala kapena lankhuni - imodzi mwazinthu zamtengo padziko lapansi. Zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi mtengo wokongola kwambiri. Zinthu zopangidwa ndi Karelian birch zimakongoletsa nyumba zosavuta za Karelian komanso nyumba zachifumu zotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Ku Karelia kuli mitsinje 27,000, ndi nyanja zopitilira 60,000. Mwakutero, banja lililonse la Kareli limakhala ndi nyanja. Wina "adapeza" Ladoga, ndipo wina - "mwini" wa lambushka - monga a Karelian amatcha ma dziwe opanda nkhalango popanda magwero.
Dongosolo la mitsinje ya kuderali ndi losiyana ndi ena: palibe malo ndi madzi kwina kulikonse.
Madzi a Ladoga (17.7,000 km²) ndi nyanja za Onega (9.9,000 km²), ambiri mwa madera omwe amapezeka ku Republic of Karelia, ndiye wamkulu kwambiri ku Europe. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi madera akumpoto kwa nyanja izi - malo a Kizhi ndi Ladoga - malo amiyala omwe adalekanitsidwa ndi malo omera komanso opanga zilumba.
Mitsinje ikuluikulu ya Karelia ndi Vodla, Vyg, Kovda, Kem, Suna, Shuya. Malo osungira a Karelian - malo omwe mitundu 60 ya nsomba imaphatikizapo nsomba zoyera, pikeperch, trout, trout, nsomba, pike, bream, burbot.
Dzuwa pa Nyanja ya Ladoga
Republic of Karelia ili ndi nyanja yokhayo yaku Russia - Nyanja Yoyera. M'nthawi zakale amatchedwa "Serpent's Bay" chifukwa cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Gombe lokongola lamiyala, lomwe lili ndi nkhalango zokongola komanso zowala bwino, mpweya wochiritsa, usodzi wabwino umakopa ma romantics, ma yachts, asodzi othamanga mpaka m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yoyera. Tsoka ilo, kupumula pano kumangopezeka mchilimwe, koma pachaka chonse nyanja imakutidwa ndi ayezi.
Kuyenda ku Karelia kumakhala bwino nthawi yachilimwe kapena yozizira, koma ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti nthawi iliyonse pachaka nyengo simakhazikika, popeza gawo la republic limakhala kudera lamkuntho. M'miyezi yachilimwe, kutumiza kumachitika mwadongosolo pano, ndipo panthawiyi ndikosangalatsa kuwona zowunikira, zambiri zomwe zili m'makona "othengo". Chochititsa chidwi china cha tchuthi cha chilimwe ku Karelia ndi usiku woyera, mu June dzuwa silimakhala maola 22 patsiku.
Chilimwe ku Karelia nthawi zambiri chimakhala chozizira: mu Julayi, kumpoto kwa republic, pafupifupi +14 ° С, kum'mwera - pafupifupi +18 ° С, koma apa, zikuchitika, kutentha kumalamulira kwa masabata 2-3, ndipo kutentha kumatha kupitilira +30 ° C Ndikofunikira kukonzekera mawonekedwe achilengedwe ngati mvula yayitali - m'chilimwe siachilendo.
M'nyengo yozizira, nyengo ikhoza kukhalanso yowawa. Nyengo yozizira ya Karelian imatha kutchedwa yofatsa (kutentha kwapakati pa miyezi yozizira kwambiri ndi pafupifupi -13 ° C), koma nthawi zonse pamakhala mwayi kuti chisanu chitha ndipo kutentha kumatsika mpaka -35 ° C.
Phiri la Vottovaara
Pakati penipeni pa republic, makilomita 20 kumwera chakum'mawa kwa mudzi wa Sukkozero, kuli malo achidwi - Mount Vottovaara, nsonga yayitali kwambiri ya West Karelian Upland (417 metres).
Anthu amderali amatcha malowa kuti ndi Phiri la Imfa ndipo amawaona ngati gawo lina kudziko lina - zovuta zamagetsi pamagetsi, chilengedwe, ndi thupi la munthu zimadziwika pano. Chete chete, komanso mawonekedwe ofooketsa opindika, osemedwa ndi mphepo ndikuwachita khungu patatha mitengo yamoto kulimbikitsa chidwi champhamvu.
Mu 1978, zopangidwa zamakedzana zakale zidapezeka paphiripo - miyala yosemedwa yolumikizidwa m'magulu. Nthawi yomweyo, midadada yayikulu imagona yaying'ono, ndikupanga mawonekedwe amiyala pamiyendo.
Komanso ku Vottovaar pamakhala masitepe osamveka bwino opita kumwamba - masitepe 13 osemedwa mwala, kutha kuphompho.
Phiri la Kivakkatunturi
Ili ku Paanajärvi National Park, m'chigawo cha Louja. Kutalika kwa phirili ndi 499 metres, ndipo dzinalo limamasulira kuchokera ku Finnish kuti "mkazi wamwala" - pamwambapa pali zofunikira zambiri, zomwe zimafanana ndi mutu wa mayi wachikulire.
Kukwera kupita ku Kivakka ndikosavuta ndipo kumatenga maola 1-2 - kuphatikiza pa njira yopondedwera bwino kuti alendo azilowa, mipiringidzo yamatanda imayikidwa.Pakukwera, mutha kuwona malo ozungulira a malo awa - madambo otchingidwa ndi nyanja zazitali zokhala pamiyala yamapiri ndikuchitira umboni pathanthwe.
Kukongola kwa Paanajärvi Park kumawonekera bwino kuchokera pachimake. Malowa amakongoletsa kwambiri pofika nthawi yophukira, pomwe mbewu zimapaka utoto utoto wachikasu.
Paanajärvi National Park
Pafupi ndi Arctic Circle, m'malire a Karelia ndi Finland ndi Murmansk Region, pa malo a mahekitala 104, malo otetezedwa a Paanajärvi afalikira. Apaulendo akukopeka ndi gawo lakutali ndi nkhalango zachimayi, zomwe zimakhala gawo lalikulu la paki, mpweya wabwino kwambiri wamtchire, madzi abwino a mitsinje ndi nyanja ndi mwayi wokhala nokha ndi chilengedwe.
Paki mutha kukwera pamwamba pa Phiri la Nuorunen - malo okwezeka kwambiri a Karelia (576.7 m), pitani paulendo wopita kunyanja yaying'ono koma yakuya Paanayavari (124 m), yosungika mu chisamba chakuya, mumasilira mawonekedwe a Mtsinje wa Olanga potsegula modabwitsa Madzi am'madzi a Kivakkakoski, opangidwa ndi mizere isanu ndi iwiri. Pali mathithi ena atatu okondweretsa pano - Mutkakoski, Mäntyukoski, Selkjakoski, omwe amafunikanso chidwi.
Kwa alendo omwe akupita kumalo osungirako malo adakhazikitsa njira zachilengedwe, zomwe zimakhala ndi milatho kupyola mitsinje ndi madambo. Zizindikiro ndi zidziwitso zikuthandizani m'njira.
Apa mutha kubwereka nyumba yamatabwa (yopanda zofunikira) ndi mbaula, ma bunks, m'bwalomo mudzapeza malo oyaka moto, malo osakira nkhuni, zamkuwa, nkhwangwa.
Paanajärvi National Park
Kusasa komanso, zoona, malo osambira ali pano kwa alendo. Pali malo oimika magalimoto (magalimoto samaloledwa m'malo ena). Mutha kubwereka bwato lamagalimoto, kayak, galimoto yamatalala.
Yendani pa Nyanja Paanayavari
Pafupi ndi mudzi wa Pyaozersky, komwe alendo amapezekako. Apa mutha kupeza chilolezo chokhala nsomba, kusankha zipatso ndi bowa, kuyenda pa Nyanja ya Paanayavari pa bwato kapena bwato wapanyanja "Nadezhda".
Kusaka, kusefukira kwa mitsinje, ndi kusonkhanitsa zakudya zamankhwala ndizoletsedwa paki. Maminerals ndi miyala sizingathenso kuchokera pano.
Dera losungiramo magetsi mulibe magetsi komanso ma foni.
Paki ya Ruskeala Mountain (Marble Canyon)
Maziko a malo okopa alendo apa dera la Sortavala ku Karelia ndi mzukwa wakale wa marble. Malo otchinga pano anali kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zachifumu za tchalitchi cha St. Petersburg ndi mizinda ina ya ku Russia. Tsopano miyala iyi yasandutsidwa mitsuko yopangidwa ndi anthu yopanga ndi madzi abwino komanso yodulidwa ndi njira yamigodi ndi maumboni omwe amafanana ndi mapanga osamveka bwino.
Malo osungirako mapiriwo ndiotalika mita 450 ndipo pafupifupi 100 mita mulifupi. Amakhala okonzekera alendo - njira zoyenda pansi zimayeretsedwa, nsanja zowonera zimapangidwa, pali malo oimikapo magalimoto, kubwereketsa bwato. Kuchokera kumadzi komwe kumapangitsa chidwi kwambiri pamiyala yozungulira, mpaka mita 20 kutalika, kotseguka. Komanso pa bwato mumatha kusambira mosamala kwambiri ndipo mumasilira maonekedwe okongola a madzi mu zipilala zazitali.
Mapira a Marble Canyon
Osasangalatsanso kwambiri ndimigodi ndi maumboni a machry, komwe mungathe kupita ndiulendo wowongolera. Ambiri mwa mapanga awa anasefukira, koma nawonso amathanso - matenthedwe amlengalenga pamwamba, amphamvu kuzizira amamveka pano.
Chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake apadera, amodzi mwa grottoes awa amatchedwa Wopatsa. Komabe, chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi Cave of Failure, padenga pomwe bowo linapangidwa lomwe limayeza 20 ndi 30 mita. Dzina lina la Kulephera ndi Hall of the Mountain King kapena Ice Cave, ndikwabwino kutsikira mkati mwake m'nyengo yozizira, pomwe madzi amtunda wamamita 30 obisika pansi pa madzi oundana. Dontho lomwe limayenda kuchokera ku zipilala zopanga miyala yambiri ya stalactites ndi stalagmites, kukongola kwake kumakhala kosangalatsa.
Paki Ya Vodlozersky
Mu Vodlozersky National Park, yomwe idapatsidwa mwayi wokhala malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi lingaliro la UNESCO, mlendo aliyense amatha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi molingana ndi malingaliro ake pankhani yotsala. Ma fani maulendo atchuthi omasuka amatha kukhazikika munyumba zabwino kapena zomwazika m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena mtsinje, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi amayenda pa boti lamagalimoto kupita ku zilumba za Vodlozero, kusilira mayendedwe opanda malire a Vodlozero, komwe kumakhala kofalikira. Paulendowu, mutha kuyendera midzi yomwe ili kuzilumba zomwe zili ndi mbiri yakale kwambiri, komwe masiku ano miyambo yakale ya anthu akumaloko idatsitsidwanso, ndipo mawonekedwe akale amakonzedwanso kumakachisi akale.
Okonda ntchito zakunja atha kupitilira njira zoikika poyenda maulendo okwerera mafunde, amaperekanso chitetezo chamoto pa chisanu ndi masewera.
Woyera Eliya Vodlozero Desert Vodlozero
Ruskeale Falls (Akhvensky Waterfalls)
Pafupi ndi mudzi wa Ruskeala, pomwe mtsinje wa Tohmajoki umagawika m'magulu angapo, pali mitsinje ing'onoing'ono inayi. Kugwa kuchokera kumiyala yamiyala yamtunda wamtunda wa 3-4, ma foams amtambo wamadzi owoneka ngati kvass komanso mimbulu.
Dera lozungulirali ndilobowoleza, kumakhala mitengo yam'madzi, kaphiri, malo ogulitsira mphatso. Kamodzikamodzi m'malo awa. Makanema oti "The Dawns Here Are Quiet", "The World World" adawomberedwa, tsopano pa Mtsinje wa Tokhmayoki, pogonjetsanso maofesi amadzi, amatulutsa ma kayak (kayaks).
Malo Osereza Akavala a Kalevala
Malo Otetezedwa ndi Kalevala National Park adapangidwa kuti asungitse nkhalango zambiri zachilengedwe komanso chikhalidwe chamunthu, chomwe chakhala malo omwe chikhalidwe cha Karelian epos Kalevala chikukula.
Malo a komweko ndi ofanana ndi zithunzi zopangidwa kuchokera kunkhalango, dambo ndi nyanja, yayikulu kwambiri yomwe ndi Nyanja ya Lapukka, pomwe masewera ndi nsomba zimasakidwa kwazaka zambiri. Apa mutha kuwona malo osambira akuwombera nsomba, zomangira nyambo.
Malo omwe amakhala ndi zimbalangondo, ndipo nthawi yotentha mumatha kuwonera ankhosa ndi ana awo, akuyenda mumsewu womwe umadutsa mumtsinje.
Thupi Zachilumba
Ndi gulu la zilumba zazing'ono 16 mu Nyanja Yoyera, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Kem. Pofuna kusungira malo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinyama ndi nyama, malo aku Kuvava malo adapangidwa pano. Tsopano kwa alendo okaona malo pali malo apadera pazilumba za 3 - Russian Thupi, Thupi la Germany ndi Chernetskiy.
Kuphatikiza pa kukongola pazachilengedwe chozungulira, zisumbu zimakopa zodabwitsa zambiri, ma labyrinths, malo akale a anthu a Mesolithic ndi Bronze Age, ndi nyumba zachipembedzo. Zilumbazi zili ndi nthano zambiri ndipo ndi zodabwitsa kwa akatswiri a mbiri yakale komanso ofukula zakale.
Reserve "Kivach"
Kummwera kwa Karelia kuli malo osungirako a Kivach - akale kwambiri ku Russia. 85% ya gawo lake limakhala nkhalango zotetezedwa, kusaka ndi kusodza kuli koletsedwa pano, koma mutha kusankha bowa ndi zipatso kuti mugule nokha (zosakaniza zamalonda ndizoletsedwa pano).
Malo osungirawa amatchedwa madzi am'madzi, omwe kwa zaka zambiri amakopa alendo kupita kumalo awa ndi kukongola kwake. Tikuyandikira madziwo, mudzaona momwe madzi a Mtsinje wa Suna, amatumphuka kuchokera m'miyala ya basalt pomwe amatuluka, amaponyedwa kuchokera kumtunda wamtali ndi mtsinje wolemera, ndikupanga phokoso lalikulu.
Lero zozizwitsa zachilengedwe izi ndizomwe zimakopa kwambiri malo osungirako ndipo ndi gawo la mapulogalamu akuluakulu a Karelia.
Mtsinjewo udatchuka ndi wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka waku Russia komanso woyamba Karelian (panthawiyi - Olonets) kazembe Gavriil Derzhavin, atapita kumalo awa adalemba dzina, lomwe adalitcha "Waterfall". Popanda mzere woyamba wa ntchitoyi: "Phiri likutsanulidwa mu dayamondi," kulibe kufotokozeredwa kamodzi ka Mathithi a Kivach komwe kukugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano.
Emperor Alexander II adalemekeza mathithi amadzi ndi kukhalapo kwake. Panthawi yomwe amacheza ndi Kivach adayandikira njira.Mlatho unamangidwa kudutsa Suna, pansi pamadzi, kwa mlendo wolemekezeka, ndipo pafupi ndi mtsinje wa madziwo, mbali yakumanja, kunali gazebo ndi nyumba yogona.
Ulendo wamadzi am'madzi, komanso Museum of Natural ndi arboretum ya malo osungirako ndalama zingakutayireni ma ruble 150 (kulowa kwaulere kwa ana, ana asukulu ndi ophunzira). Pa ulendowu muyenera kulipira ma ruble ena 65.
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti nthawi yabwino yoyendera malo osungidwa ndi nthawi yozizira, kotero ogwira ntchito ku malo osungirako zinthu zakale anakonza pulogalamu yapadera yotchedwa "Tales of the Presached Forest" nyengo yachisanu. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi zisudzo pabwalo lotseguka, masewera, masewera, mpikisano wokwera. Kwa ana - phwando la tiyi ndi Santa Claus, msonkhano ndi ngwazi za nthano zachabe, mphatso zokoma.
Mtengo wopezeka pachionetsero cha maola awiri ndi ma ruble 350.
Marcial Waters Resort
Makilomita 54 kumpoto kwa likulu la Karelia ndiye malo achitetezo aku Russia "Marcial madzi". Idakhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za XVIII mothandizidwa ndi Peter I.
Mphamvu yakuchiritsa ya akasupe am'madzi a glandular, pamaziko omwe malo amapangidwira, adadziwika kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mu 1719 malo azachipatala amadziwo adatsimikiziridwa ndi kafukufuku wa madokotala a makhothi.
Emperor, limodzi ndi womasulira, adabwera kuno mobwerezabwereza kudzalandira chithandizo. Pamaulendo ake oyamba, nyumba zachifumu zitatu zamatabwa ndi nyumba yayikulu yomwe ili ndi zipinda khumi ndi ziwiri zidamangidwa pano, m'mbali mwake momwe mungapezere akasupe.
Kuyambira nthawi zisanachitike chisinthiko, ma penti omwe adamangidwa pamwamba pa akasupe komanso chomanga tchalitchi cha Peter ndi Paul adasungidwa pano. Pamaziko awo mu 1946 Museum of the History of the Russian resort "Marcial Wat" adapangidwa.
Church of the Holy Apostle Peter Nyumba yosamalira magwero komwe imakhala malo osungirako zinthu zakale a Marcial Waters
Lero, mutha kuwonanso nthawi pano ndi zotsatira zaumoyo. Dera lamakono la balneological Resort "Marcial Waters" ndi malo akulu kwambiri azaumoyo kumpoto kwa Russia, komwe kuli malo opezeka ma hydropathic, malo osambira okhala ndi matope a Gabozero, physiotherapy ndi madipatimenti ena.
Sanatorium yazunguliridwa ndi nkhalango, malo atatu omwe ndi apadera: malo opezeka nyama zamtchire kumene Karelian birch amakula, nkhalangoyi ndi nkhalango yowoneka bwino yomwe ili ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya linden.
Tchuthi chogwira ntchito ku Karelia
Kuwala kwa Karelia ndi paradiso kwa apaulendo omwe amakonda kusangalatsidwa ndi kufunafuna kudziwana ndi mayendedwe osadziwika a Dziko Lapansi, asodzi, asodzi ndi osangalalira omwe amakonda masewera omwe amakhala kuno kuchokera ku zigawo zonse za Russia ndi mayiko oyandikira.
Potumizidwa ndi anthu owopsa komanso alendo omwe amakonda ntchito zakunja - magalimoto apamtunda ndi mabwato, ma ATV, njinga zapamsewu, magalimoto oyenda pa chipale chofewa, ndege za helikopita. Njira zakusefukira kwa mitsinje, kukwera pamahatchi, kuyenda maulendo osanja, kuyenda kwa ma skating, malo a paintball ndi madera akuluakulu osakira nyama zamtchire.
Nyanja ya Onega, malo otsetsereka a Ladoga, Sandal, Segozero, nyanja za Keret - matupi amadzi momwe njira zamadzi kwa alendo odutsa ma kayaks, mabwato, mabwato, yachts zimadutsa.
Chidwi chosangalatsa komanso chosangalatsa - kukwera pamitsinje ya Karelia. Alendo osakonzeka akukwera pa catamarans, kayaks, rafts - inflatable yaying'ono yaying'ono. Oyamba kumene amapatsidwa njira zosavuta, zazifupi (maora 3-5), nthawi zambiri pamtsinje wa Shuya, ndikugonjetsa ma rap omwe amasintha ndi picnic yokhala ndi "gramu 100 yoyenera". Zosangalatsa izi ndizokuwonongerani ma ruble 3,100.
Jeep amayendera ku Karelia
Panjira yovuta kwambiri komanso yayitali (kuyambira masiku 3 mpaka 7), yomwe imaphatikizapo kuthana ndi zigawenga zambiri ndi ma waterfill, muyenera kulipira kuchokera ku ruble 7000.
Kuyenda pamitsinje ya Karelia
Kuyenda mumtsinje wa Umba ndi Keret ndikulowera ku Nyanja Yoyera, pomwe mumatha kusilira malo osinthika ngakhale kugwidwa ndi nsomba mosinthana ndi kuthana ndi zigawengazi, kukufunikirani kuti mugawane ndi ruble 10,000 kapena kuposerapo.
Njira zabwino kwambiri zoyendetsa njinga zimadutsa nyanja za Onega ndi Ladoga, ku Ladoga, South ndi Middle Karelia.
Nyengo yozizira ndi nthawi yosanja komanso kuyenda mozizira kwambiri, yomwe imapangitsa kuchezera zowoneka bwino za Karelia, mwachitsanzo, ku Zaonezhie, ndipo koposa zonse - kusangalala kwathunthu ndi kukongola kokongola kwa chipale chofewa cha Karelian.
Njira zambiri zimakonzedwa mwanjira yoti munthu amene ali ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi atha kudutsamo: mfundo zoyimitsidwa zimaperekedwa apa, komwe mungapume komanso kudya. Ngati mupita paulendo wautali, nthawi zonse mudzakhala ndi mwayi wokhala kumalo amalo osangalalira kapena m'nyumba za alendo zomwe zili mnjira yomwe mumadutsa.
M'nyengo yozizira, Karelia amakopanso mafani amasewera olimbitsa thupi.
Chimodzi mwa maulendo osangalatsa kwambiri mu nthawi yozizira ndi maulendo apamtunda pa chipale chofewa kumadzi a Karelian.
Kuyendetsa kothamanga komweko komwe kumadutsa zotchinga chipale chofewa kumapita nanu pachilumba chotchuka cha Karelia - Kizhi. Ulendo wamasiku awiri wapamtunda kuchokera ku Petrozavodsk kupita ku Kizhi ndi usiku umodzi ku hotelo mtengo kuchokera ku rubles 26,400.
Zakudya za Karelian
Kuyambira kalekale, a Karelian amawona nsomba kukhala zofunikira kwambiri pakudya. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi nsomba zam'nyanja, zomwe ku Karelia zimapita kokazinga, zophika, mchere, zouma, zouma komanso zatsopano. Choyamba, maphunziro achiwiri amakonzekera kuchokera pamenepo, amawonjezeredwa ku saladi.
Chakudya cholemekezeka kwambiri cha Karelia ndi khutu, lomwe muyenera kuyesa. Apa amatchedwa "Kalaruokka". Simungawerengere maphikidwe ake, koma msuzi wophika nsomba nthawi zambiri umaphika chifukwa choyera, ndikuwonjezera mkaka, kirimu, batala.
Chowotcha chachikhalidwe, chophika nyama ya nsomba zoyera, mumakampani odyera amatchedwa "Calakeitto". Msuzi wansomba (Red nsomba) nsomba ndi njira yosangalatsa, amatchedwa "Lohikeitto" ndipo ndiodziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Mbaleyi, chifukwa chophatikiza kirimu, imakoma kwambiri ndipo simununkhira bwino. Mu malo odyera abwino, mankhwalawa angakutayireni ma ruble 800.
Khutu la Karelian nthawi zambiri limadyedwa chifukwa cha chakudya cham'mawa, nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo, koma kutsimikiziridwa kwa mbale zazikulu pano sikwabwino. Makamaka pakati pawo - zopangidwa kuchokera ku rye ndi ufa wa tirigu, mbatata ndi mitundu yonse ya chimanga. Zikondamoyo ndi mafuta amkati kuchokera ku mtanda wopanda chotupitsa zimaphikidwa ndi chimanga, mbatata zosenda, kuziwaza ndi mtima wonse ndi batala.
Ma pie okhala ndi chimanga ndi ma pie a nsomba amadziwika kwambiri ku Karelia, mtanda watsopano womwe umapangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wa rye.
Zakudya zokoma zimakonzedwa pano kuchokera ku nyama ya nyama zamtchire - agwape, elk, chimbalangondo ndi zinthu zamatchi - bowa, zipatso. Onetsetsani kuti mukuyesa zakumwa za mabulosi am'deralo, zakumwa za kvass, zakumwa zokoma. Muyenera kudzipatsanso uchi wokoma wa Karelian.
Malo odyera abwino kwambiri ku Republic of Karelia, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamtundu, ndi Karelian Chamber, yomwe ili pakati pa Petrozavodsk. Ambiri amachitcha kuti chokopa cha mzinda.
M'malo akutali a Karelia, monga lamulo, malo odyera ochepa ali pantchito ya alendo, pomwe, monga, m'dera lirilonse lazoyendayenda, zakudya zapadziko lonse zimaperekedwa: zakudya zakomweko, zachikhalidwe ku Europe, Russian, Italy, Eastern, Mexico, chakudya chofulumira. Mitengo imadalira kalasi ya bungwe komanso kusankha mbale, chakudya chamasana kapena chakudya chamadzulo chimakhala cha 500 mpaka 3000 rubles.
Kukhazikika
Kukhala ku Karelia kumakhala ndi zovuta zake. Hotelo zazikulu zimangopezeka likulu. Apa amalonda ndi alendo akuima, omwe asankha Petrozavodsk ngati maziko, ndipo kuchokera apa amapitilira maulendo. Pali mahotela oyambira kumene mumayenera kulipira ma ruble masauzande patsiku, koma mutha kupeza hotelo yotsika mtengo - pafupifupi ma ruble pafupifupi 2000 patsiku, kapena musankhe imodzi yamotelo - pafupifupi ma ruble 1000 patsiku.
Onego Palace Hotel ku Petrozavodsk Hotel North
Kwenikweni, alendo amabwera kukhala m'malo okaonako zachilengedwe. Monga tchuthi chapamwamba, mutha kusankha malo amisasa omwe amapezeka mwachindunji kumalo osungirako zachilengedwe kapena zipilala zakale. Ndipo njira yosankhira bajeti kwambiri ku Karelia imakhala usiku m'mahema m'malo omwe amapangidwira tchuthi chotere.
Mwambiri, malo opitilira alendo ali ndi zipinda zambiri pamitengo yazachuma mpaka yapamwamba.
Mudzi wa Aleksandrovka ndi malo amakono osangalatsa
Chimodzi mwa malo akuluakulu ogona ku Karelia chili m'mudzi wa Aleksandrovka (50 km kuchokera ku Petrozavodsk) ndipo ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Petrzere. Pafupi ndi izo pali zokopa ziwiri - Kivach Nature Reserve ndi Marcial Waters resort. Pamalowo pali hotelo komanso nyumba zingapo. Mtengo wokhala m'chipinda cha hotelo yabwino ndi ma ruble 2500 patsiku (kwa awiri). Tsiku limodzi m'nyumba yokongola mudzagula ma ruble 6400. (kwa anayi).
Malo ochezera “Khumi ndi Atatu” amakopa alendo apaulendo ndi malo omwe ali m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Ladoga. Apa mutha kukhala m'magulu azithunzi ziwiri, ogawidwa m'magulu "chuma" (kuchokera ku ma ruble 1500 pamunthu / tsiku) ndi "zapamwamba" (kuchokera ku ruble 2000 pamunthu / tsiku).
Malo okhala paradiso momwe mungathe kumverera kuti ndi ogwirizana kwathunthu ndi chikhalidwe cha Karelia amatchedwa malo a kampu ya Kanapelka yomwe ili mphepete mwa Rasinselka Strait. Imapatsa alendo zida zapausodzi, bafa, bwato, malo amisasa omwe ali ndi zonse zofunikira. Mutha kusankha zipatso ndi bowa pamalo omwewo, ndipo mumadyetsedwa kuno ndi zokolola zanu za eco-famu. Mtengo wokhalamo m'nyumba yokhala bwino ndi kuyambira pa ruble 6,000 mpaka 9,000 patsiku.
Posachedwa, mafamu omwe amatchedwa akhala otchuka. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi famu ya Karelian, yomwe nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti malo amphongo. Asodzi a Avid amakonda kukhala pano. Malo onse adawakonzera, ndipo malowo ndi omwe amapezeka m'nkhalango ya paini m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Syapsi, kutali ndi malo osungira kwakukulu - Syamozero. Zimapatsa alendo - nyumba za alendo zokhala ndi zinthu zonse komanso magalimoto oyimilira. Mtengo wokhalamo ndikuchokera ku ruble 3000 / tsiku.
Karelia - gawo limodzi lokongola kwambiri ku Russia, dziko la nkhalango zamapiri a taiga, nyanja ndi zipilala zakale Karelia - dziko lokongola kwambiri kuposa kale
Momwe mungakafikire
Ndege yayikulu ya Karelia ili pamtunda wa makilomita 12 kuchokera ku Petrozavodsk ndipo amatchedwa mzindawu (dzina lakale ndi Besovets). Zimatenga ndege kuchokera kumizinda yosiyanasiyana ya Russia ndi maiko akunja. Mtengo waulendo wapaulendo panjira ya Moscow - Petrozavodsk uyambira ma ruble 3,600, nthawi yoyenda ndi ola limodzi ndi mphindi 30 - ola limodzi ndi mphindi 45. Ma eyapoti amavomereza ma helikopita, ndipo nsanja zomwe zimakhala m'matawuni ang'ono a Karelia ndizomwe zimawakonzera.
Sitima yapamtunda imadutsa gawo la Karelia kuchokera kumwera kupita kumpoto. Sitima zapamtunda zochokera ku St. Petersburg kupita ku Peterzavodsk zimatsata Karelian Isthmus ndi malo aku Northern Ladoga. Sitima ya St. Petersburg - Kostomuksha ikupereka kumadzulo kwa republic.
Ku Karelia, kuchuluka kwa mabasi kumapangidwa bwino. Pali mayendedwe opita ku St. Petersburg, Novgorod, Vologda ndi m'mizinda inanso.
Msewu waukulu wodutsa kudera la Karelia ndi msewu wawukulu wa M18 St. Petersburg - Murmansk. Msewuwu umakhala ndi kuphimba bwino, koma misewu yachiwiri nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyambira.
Flora wa Karelia
Chizindikiro cha maluwa a Karelian, choyambirira, ndi choti, malo omwe dziko la republic ili. Gawo lalikulu la chomera linapangidwa mu nthawi ya postglacial. Zomera zokhala ngati tundra zimamera kumpoto ndi kumtunda kwa mapiri: mosses, lichens, spruce wocheperako ndi birch.
Koma ambiri mwa republic amalandidwa ndi nkhalango zowonongera. Pafupi ndi kumpoto kuli nkhalango za paini. Pafupifupi m'chigawo cha Segozero, pali malire pakati pa nkhalango zakumpoto ndi pakati pa taiga.Apa akuyamba mkombero wa nkhalango, komwe spruce ndi pine zimasakanizidwa. Kuyandikira kum'mwera kwa Karelia, nkhalango zowala kwambiri zomwe zimasakanikirana ndi mitundu yosakanikirana.
Mwa conifers, spruce ndi pine wamba ndizofala kwambiri. Kumadzulo, mitengo yaini ku Finland imapezeka nthawi zambiri. M'nkhalango zophatikizika, birch, alder, aspen, linden, elm ndi mapulo zimakula.
Tchire loti m'munsi mwa nkhalango mulinso zitsamba zambiri. Komwe mitengo ya paini imamera, pali zitsamba zochepa. Pafupifupi kumwera, tinthu tosiyanasiyana ta lingonberry ndi mtambo, ma buliberries ndi ma blueberries, rosemary yamtchire komanso dziko lansomba zimawonekera.
Pafupi ndi dziwe, dothi laphimbidwa ndi timbewu tofiirira ndi timabowo. Ndikosavuta kupeza Heather ndi moss pano.
Ndipo nkhalango za Karelian ndiye ufumu wa bowa. Ambiri amatenga boletus ndi boletus. M'madera akumwera, bowa wa porcini, butterfish, bowa ndi chanterelles amapezeka nthawi zambiri.
Dziko lanyama la Karelia
Zabwino za Karelia ndizachuma komanso osiyanasiyana. Nyama zonse zomwe zimakhala mwamwambo zimapezeka kuno. Koma chodabwitsa cha Karelian Republic ndikuti palinso malo ambiri osungira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali oimira ochulukirapo a North Sea omwe akuimira ufumu wa nyama kuposa ngodya zilizonse za Russia.
Mwa nyama zazikuluzikulu zomwe zili m'nkhalango za Kareli mungathe kupeza lynx, chimbalangondo chofiirira, nkhandwe ndi choyipa. Kubera nyama zazing'onoting'ono kwakhala kukugwiriridwa ndi chisaka kwalenje. Zowawa zambiri ndi agologolo. Muskrats, otters, martens ndi minks aku Europe asankha mitsinje ndi nyanja. Ndipo mu Nyanja Yoyera ndi Lake Onega adapeza Zisindikizo.
Zinyama za zigawo zakumwera ndizosiyana ndi kumpoto. Nyama zankhumba komanso zimbudzi, agalu a raccoon ndi mink aku Canada amakhala kumwera.
Dziko la mbalame ndilosiyanasiyana. Choyimira bwino kwambiri ndi banja la passerines. Kumpoto kuli masewera ambiri a kumtunda: nkhuni grouse, grouse wakuda, hazel grouse ndi partridge yoyera. Kwa mbalame zodya nyama, agalu, owomba ambiri, chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi mwezi wina ndizofunikira kudziwa.
Madzi a Karelia ndi kunyada kwawo. Abakha ndi mbewa zimakhazikika kunyanja, ndipo mbalame za m'madzi zotchedwa seagle ndi chiwombankhanga, chomwe chimakhala chofunikira pansi, zasankha gombe la nyanja. Ndipo mbalame zam'madzi zimakhala m'madambo.
Nsomba za Karelian zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:
• kusamukira (nsomba yoyera, nsomba, nsomba, kusungunuka),
• nyanja ndi mtsinje (pike, roach, nsomba, burbot, ruff, kumwera - zander, grayling ndi mtsinje trout),
• ndi m'madzi (hering'i, cod ndi flounder).
Matupi amadzi ambiri anatsogolera kuchulukitsa zochulukitsa ndi tizilombo. Mwa njoka zonse zomwe zimapezeka ku Karelia, zowopsa kwambiri ndi njoka wamba. Ndipo kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, kuyenda munkhalango ndi masikono kumakutidwa ndi mitambo ya udzudzu, mahatchi ndi ma midges. Kummwera, mwa njira, nkhupakupa ndizowopsa, makamaka mu Meyi-June.
Zomera ndi nyama za Karelia
Zinyama za Karelia zidapangidwa posachedwa - makamaka pambuyo poti madzi oundana abwerera pansi. Zinachitika pafupifupi zaka 10 - 15 zapitazo. Madzi a m'chigawo chotchedwa Baltic-White Sea atachepa, pang'ono ndi pang'ono Karelia adayamba kukhazikitsidwa ndi oimira mbewu. Izi zinali mbewu za tundra ndi nkhalango-tundra.
Pambuyo popanga chophimba cha masamba ngati chakudya, nyama, mbalame ndi tizilombo touluka ku Karelia. Zambiri mwa izi ndi mitundu yochokera ku Arctic. Mwambiri, mutha kukumana ndi oyimirira amadzi am'madzi, nyanja ndi dambo: mafunde am'madzi, anyani, atsekwe, abakha, mapata, reindeer, lemmings, nkhandwe za arctic ndi ena.
Pakadali pano, chikhalidwe cha Karelia chimakondwera ndi kukhalapo kwa
mitundu yopitilira 370 ya ma vertebrates okha. Mwa izi, zolengedwa zomwe zimayamwa zimakhala ndi mitundu ya mitundu 63, mbalame - 252, zodzala - 5, amphibians - 5, nsomba - mitundu 53.
Chifukwa cha chilengedwe chake komanso nyengo yake, nyama za Karelia zimayimiriridwa makamaka ndi nyama zamtchire. Nyama zamaderali, luso lotha kusintha magawo osiyanasiyana okhala malo amawonekera bwino. Mitundu ina ndi yapadziko lapansi (mimbulu, moose, hares ...), ina mobisa (moles), yachitatu yamatchire (agologolo).Palinso nyama zambiri zotsogolera ma semi-amadzi (muskrat, mink) ndi moyo wam'madzi (chisindikizo, hare).
Miyala ya Karelian.
4 zozizwitsa za Karelia
Madzi am'madzi a Kivach - Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za Karelia. Alendo nthawi zonse amayendera malowa kuti akawone mathithi omwe amapatsa madzi ndikumva phokoso lake. Kuzungulira mtsinje wa Kivach ndi malo osungirako nyama a Kivach, kuti mutha kusangalala ndi mawonekedwe okongola a namwali. Nthano ya Karelian yokhudza komwe kudachokera Kivach imati kamodzi padali mitsinje iwiri - Suna ndi Shuya. Onse anali osagwirizana, koma atatopa, Suna adagona kwa mlongo wake ndipo anagona. Atadzuka, adazindikira kuti Shuya anali kale kutali, choncho Suna adathamangira mlongo wake. Madzi amvula ya Kivach adapezeka m'malo omwe Suna adawononga miyala.
Madzi am'madzi a Kivach.
Miyala ya Shuya - Awa ndimalo abwino okonda zakunja! Miyala ya Shuya ndiyotchuka kwambiri pakati pa okwera misinkhu yosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, malowa amadziwika chifukwa cha chilengedwe chake chopatsa mpweya! Njira yopita m'miyala imadutsa m'nkhalango yokongola. Mukuyenda m'njira, mutha kuwona zizindikiro zambiri za pamsewu ndi malo omwe okwera amapuma. Malowa ndi okonzekera bwino alendo. Ngati mumakonda maulendo atchire, mpweya wabwino, chilengedwe chokongola komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi, mapiri a Shuya adzakhala chisankho chabwino kwa inu!
Phiri la Sampo. Malinga ndi nthano ya Karelian-Kifinland, Sampo ndi chinthu chamatsenga chomwe chimapatsa anthu chisangalalo. Mdziko lodziwika bwino la epic "Kalevala" Sampo limaperekedwa ngati mphero yopanga mkate wambiri, golide ndi mchere monga ndizokwanira anthu onse. Phiri la Sampo linatchedwa dzina lachigiriki lamatsenga. Adalandira dzina ili mu 1960s, pomwe Sampo waku Soviet-Finnish film adawomberedwa paphiri. Apa mutha kuwona malo okongola kwambiri a mapiri: nkhalango yowoneka bwino ndi Nyanja ya Konchozero, yomwe ndi yabwino kwa asodzi. Phiri la Sampo ndi lokongola kwambiri m'chilimwe pomwe maluwa pachilala.
Chigwa cha Hare. Sergey Gapanovich, wolemba ntchitoyi, adakhala akuchita zojambula miyala zaka zambiri. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, adabwera ndi lingaliro lachilendo kwambiri la chinthu chojambula chomwe chilibe fanizo padziko lapansi. Akufuna kugunda mawaya chikwi chimodzi mwala pafupi ndi msewu waukulu wa Kola. Aliyense angathe kusankha kalulu wamwala ndi kukhala mwini wake, kusiya zomwe zikuchitika mu chikhalidwe cha Karelian. Sergey amatcha ntchitoyi "Petroglyphs wa m'ma 2000". Ali ndi chitsimikizo kuti Chigwa cha Akalulu chidzakhala cholowa cha chikhalidwe cha Karelia ndi Russia.
Chigwa cha Hares.
Monga mukuwonera, chikhalidwe cha Karelia chimakhala ndi zambiri zopatsa alendo ochokera konsekonse mdziko lapansi, mosasamala zomwe amakonda - tchuthi chopumula, masewera olimbitsa thupi, nthano ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko kapena zaluso zamakono. Mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti kuchezera Karelia kudzakhala chinthu chosaiwalika kwambiri kwa inu!
Girvas Volcano Crater
M'mudzi wawung'ono wa Girvas wa dera la Kondopoga ku Karelia, kuli kakhwawa kakale kwambiri kamene kamapulumuka padziko lapansi, nthawi yake ndi zaka pafupifupi 2 biliyoni.
M'mbuyomu, mtsinje wonse wa Suna udadzaza pano, koma atapanga damu la magetsi oyendetsa magetsi, njira yake idatulutsidwa, ndipo madziwo adatsegulidwa m'njira ina, ndipo tsopano mitsinje yopanda kanthu ikuwonekera bwino mumtsinje wopanda madzi. Khwangwala laphalaphala lokha silimatuluka pamwamba pa nthaka, koma limakhala ndi nkhawa yodzadza ndi madzi.
Madzi am'madzi a Kivach
Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chifinishi, dzina la mathithi amatanthauza "wamphamvu", "wothamanga". Ili pa Mtsinje wa Suna ndipo ndi mtsinje wachinayi waukulu wamadzi ku Europe. Kivach ili ndi zigawo zinayi zokhala ndi kutalika kwamamita 10.7, pomwe dontho lamadzi ndi 8 mita.
Chifukwa chakumanga kwa station station yama hydroelectric kuderali, madzi amatuluka ambiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti madzi asangalatse. Nthawi yabwino kukaona zokopa izi ndi masika, pomwe Dzuwa likupeza mphamvu, ndikudya madzi osungunuka.Mu 1931, Kivach State Nature Reserve idapangidwa mozungulira madzi.
Mphepete mwa mitsinje yoyera (Yukankoski)
Mtsinje uwu, womwe uli pamtsinje wa Kulismayoki m'chigawo cha Pitkäranta, ndi wamtali kwambiri komanso wokongola kwambiri ku Karelia ndipo umafika pafupifupi 18 mita kutalika. M'nyengo yotentha, madzi mumtsinjewo amawotha bwino, omwe amakupatsani mwayi kusambira ndikuyima pansi pa mitsinje yamadzi.
Mu 1999, mdera loyandikana ndi kusefukira kwa madzi, chipilala chachilengedwe cha White Bridges chidakhazikitsidwa, komwe kuli mahekitala 87,9. Chifukwa cha malo omwe ali m'nkhalangomo, kutali ndi msewu wawukulu, Yukankoski satchuka kwambiri ndi anthu apaulendo.
Chilumba cha mizimu yabwino
Chilumbachi, chomwe chili ku Nyanja ya Raven, sichinalembedwe pamapu aliwonse, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Karelian Shambhala. Mutha kulowa pa nthawi yotsetsereka pamtsinje wa Okhta ndikugwiritsa ntchito malangizo a atsogoleri.
Malowa ndi malo achitetezo apaulendowo ndipo amatchuka chifukwa cha malo ake oimikapo magalimoto, malo abwino kwambiri ophera nsomba komanso malo okongola. Komabe, chomwe chimakopa anthu kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito zamatabwa pachilumbachi - nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yopangidwa ndi alendo. Zina mwa zinthu zakale 70 zapitazo. Malinga ndi nthano, malowa amakhala ndi mizimu yomwe imayang'anira chilumbachi ndikugwiritsa ntchito zaluso zilizonse, zomwe zimabweretsa zabwino kwa wopanga.
Zilumba za Solovetsky
Chilumba chachikuluchi, chomwe chili ndi zilumba zopitilira 100, chimakhala pamtunda wamakilomita 347 ndipo ndicho chachikulu kwambiri mu White Sea. Ili pakhomo lolowera ku Onega Bay ndipo imaphatikizidwa m'dera lotetezedwa makamaka.
Nayi Nyumba ya Amonke ya Solovetsky yokhala ndimatchalitchi ambiri, malo osungirako zinthu zakale a Maritime, bwalo la ndege, Botanical Garden, labu yakale yamiyala ndi dongosolo lonse lazomwe mungadutse.
Pafupifupi Cape Beluga mumakhala chinsomba cha White Sea beluga - chinsomba choyera. Chikhalidwe chokongola komanso kuchuluka kwa zipilala zakale komanso zomangamanga zimakopa magulu ambiri omwe amabwera ku malo awa.
Nyanja Pisanets
Madzi awa ali m'chigawo chapakati cha Republic of Karelia, ndipo ali ndi chiyambi cha tectonic - nyanjayo idapangidwa chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa matope a dziko lapansi, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa bwino ndikufanana kwa magombe ake. Dzinali limatanthauziridwa kuti "lalitali kwambiri" - limakhala mikono 200 m'lifupi, limatalika makilomita 5 m'litali. M'malo ena, kuya kuya kupitirira 200 metres.
Pa gombe lakumpoto kwa nkhalangoyi kuli malo oimikapo magalimoto, malo abwino osambira ndikuyambitsa mabwato. Mukasunthira kumwera, m'mphepete mumakhala madzi, ndikupanga korona wokhala ndi m'matanthwe osanja mamita 100 pamwamba pa madzi. Chikhalidwe cha namwali, chete komanso kusapezeka kwa malo oyandikana nawo zimapangitsa malo ano kukhala okongola kwambiri kwa okonda kukhala pawokha.
Nyengo ndi dothi
Nyengo ku Karelia zimasiyanasiyana kuchokera kunyanja kupita kumayiko ena. M'nyengo yozizira, chisanu chowala ndi chipale chofewa chimawonedwa. Chilimwe chimafupika, chonyowa, koma osati kutentha. M'chilimwe, kutentha kumachitika kumwera kokha kwa republic ndipo kumatenga masiku angapo.
Kutalika kwa radiation komwe kumakhalapo nthawi yozizira kumachitika chifukwa cha usiku wozungulira polowera kumpoto komanso kutalika kochepa kwa dzuwa pamwamba patali kwambiri pakatikati komanso kumwera. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi nthawi yotentha, nthawi ya masana nthawi ya kumpoto imakhala kwa tsiku (nthawi ya "usiku oyera" ikubwera), ndipo kumwera tsiku limatha maola 19-20.
Kapangidwe ka nyengo kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikuyandikira ku Arctic Ocean ndi Atlantic. Nyengo sikuyenda bwino, pamakhala kusintha kwanyengo.
Chithunzi 1. Chithunzi cha Karelian. Author24 - Kusinthana kwa intaneti kwa ntchito za ophunzira
Kutentha kwapakati pa republic kumachokera ku 0 mpaka +3 ºС. Kutentha kwapakati pa nthawi yozizira ndi 12 ,С, ndipo nthawi yotentha + 17ºº. Nthawi yopanda chisanu kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi masiku 80-90, ndipo kumadera a Ladoga ndi Prionezhie ndi masiku 120-130.
M'chaka chonse, kuphimba kwamtambo kwakukulu ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumawonedwa. Mvula yambiri pachaka imachokera ku 450-550 mm (kumpoto) mpaka 600-700 mm (kumwera). Kukula kwamadzi kumachulukira nthawi yotentha ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala chimphepo chamkuntho.
Njira zopanga dothi zinakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zolemba, nyengo komanso zinthu zina. Kupanga dothi kunachitika nyengo yozizira komanso yachisanu m'nkhalango zotentha.
Madera awiri apadera amadziwika ku Karelia (malire pakati pawo akufanana kwambiri ndi malire a kumpoto kwa taiga ndi pakati pa nkhalango zam'mapiri a taiga):
- Chigawo chakumpoto. Maziko a dothi amayimilidwa ndi ma glacial sediments, ophatikizika mumakanika kapangidwe kake komanso kupindika. Ma podzols ocheperachepera mphamvu. Dothi louma-podzolic ndi peat-bog ndilofala.
- Chigawo cha kumwera. Dothi la makina osiyanasiyana opangidwa amapangika pa moraine deposits - kuchokera kumchenga kupita kumankhwala (mchenga wamchenga ndi loamy, podzols zamphamvu zotsika ndi glandular yopingasa). M'malo otsika a dothi, dothi la mapangidwe opanga ndi ambiri: peat-podzolic, gley-podzolic, peat-bog, peat-podzolic-gley.
Nyanja Yoyera
Nyanja yakumtunda iyi, yomwe ili kumpoto kwa Europe gawo la Russia, ndi malo opezeka ku Arctic Ocean ndipo ili ndi malo a kilomita 90 lalikulu. Chifukwa cha madzi ozizira ngakhale nthawi yachilimwe (mpaka madigiri 20), sikuyenda kwambiri alendo pa Nyanja Yoyera, ndipo chilengedwe m'malo ambiri sichinachitikebe.
Ma Blueberries ndi bowa amakula kwambiri kuzilumba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'madzi mumatha kuwona jellyfish, nsomba, zisindikizo ndi belugas. Chowoneka chapadera ndi cham'nyanja pambuyo pa mafunde otsika - chimadzaza ndi zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana.
Zachilengedwe
Zachilengedwe zofunikira kwambiri za Karelia zimaphatikizapo:
Zida zamadzi. Madzi momwe amakhala 25% ya gawo. Madzi akuya mkati mwa nyanja ndi amipanda ya Nyanja za Baltic ndi White. Ku Karelia, kuli mitsinje 27,000 yotalika mosiyanasiyana ndi nyanja 60,000. Kutalika konse kwamadziwo ndi pafupifupi 83,000 km. Mitsinje yofunika kwambiri ndi monga: Vodla, Vyg, Kem, Kovda, Shuya, Suna. Nyanja zikuluzikulu ndi Ladoga ndi Onega. White Sea-Baltic Canal imadutsa pamtunda wakale. Pakadali pano, zopitilira madzi osavomerezeka pansi pamadzi zomwe zakonzedwa zakonzedwa.
Zachilengedwe nkhalango. Zomwe nkhalango zimagwira zoposa 49% ya gawo lonse lapa republic. Mitundu yayikulu ya mitengoyo ndi spruce ndi pine. Malo a thumba la nkhalango agawidwa kuti azisangalatsa komanso kuteteza. Mu nkhalango za ku Europe-Ural gawo la taiga, nkhuni ndizabwino kwambiri.
Zachuma ndi zida zopangira. M'matumbo a republic adapeza michere yoposa 50. Pafupifupi magawo 400 apangidwe. Mwa miyala yomwe yapezeka: iron ore, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, diamondi, zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, apatite-carbonate ores, mica, zida za ceramic (spar, pegmatites), alkaline amphibole asbestos, zida zomangira (marumaru, granites, diabases). Pafupifupi 400 ma peat amana apangidwe.
Zosangalatsa. Makhalidwe okongola a Karelia, nyengo yofatsa komanso mpweya wowonekera kumathandizira kuti pakhale zokopa zosiyanasiyana: zamasewera, zachilengedwe, zogwira ntchito, zachikhalidwe, zamaphunziro ndi kumidzi. Madera akuluakulu oyendayenda ali kumpoto. Malo otsetsereka a mitsinje ndi otchuka: Kem, Shuya, Ileksa, Pongoma, Vodla ndi ena: Malo opendekera: Onega ndi Ladoga, zilumba za Kizhi, Valaam, Solovki, Kostomuksha ndi Kivach zachilengedwe, Kivakkakoski, Miantukoski mathowa a madzi, Madera oyera, Kumi, mtsinje wotsika Vyg, zisumbu za Yerpin Pudas, Shoyrukshin, Big Malinin (zojambula za miyala).
Bioresource. Mitengo yayikulu ya cranberries, lingonberries, Cloudberry, blueberries ndi zipatso zina imakololedwa ku Karelia chaka chilichonse. Makina opanga bowa wamafuta ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu. Zomera zambiri zamankhwala zimamera republic.
Lake Ladoga (Ladoga)
Ili ku Karelia ndi Leningrad Region ndipo ndi malo osungira madzi ambiri ku Europe - kutalika kwa nyanjayi ndi 219 ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 138 km. Gombe lakumpoto ndi lalitali komanso lamiyala, lomwe lili ndi mayendedwe ambiri, zilumba, zilumba zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, gombe lakumwera ndilopanda miyala, ndi miyala yambiri yamiyala.
Ku Ladoga kuli malo ambiri okhalamo, ma doko ndi malo opumulira, zombo zambiri zimayenda pamwamba pa madzi. Pansi pa nyanjayi, zolemba zambiri zakale zopezeka zosiyanasiyana zidapezeka, ngakhale pano malo ano ndi otchuka pakati pa okonda kudumphira pansi. Komanso, zamatsenga ndi ma brontids zimachitika apa - kugunda kochokera kunyanjaku, kokhala ndi madzi otentha kapena oscillations pang'ono a dziko lapansi.
Zomera ndi nyama
Nkhalango zazikulu za Karelia ndi taiga. Mitengo ya Birch pamadothi a podzolic ndiwofalikira.
Madera akuluakulu amakhala ndi ma peat bogs okhala ndi masamba opindika, kuphatikiza heather, msondodzi, birch, buluu, etc.
Chomera chodziwika bwino cha Karelia ndi bartch warty, chokhutira pamtengo ndi mtengo ngati nsangalabwi. Karelian birch imakhala yamtengo wapatali ngati zinthu zokongoletsera zamkati, zinthu zopangidwa mwaluso ndi kupanga mipando.
Zomera zofunikira zimamera m'mapaki ndi malo osungira. Kotero m'malo osungirako a Kostomukshinsky mungapeze Dortman lobelia yolembedwa mu Red Book.
Zinyama zazikulu za Karelia ndi nyama zamtchire. Omwe akukhala kwambiri m'nkhalangozi: agologolo ndi mbalame zamtchire: capercaillie, hazel grouse, grouse wakuda. Mimbulu, nkhandwe, zimbalangondo zimatsala pang'ono kuzimiririka.
M'malo osungirako malo ndi malo osungirako zinthu zachilengedwe omwe mungapeze: reindeer, moose, vole ofiira, ofanana matupi komanso ang'onoting'ono, marten, phula wakuda, mink, otter, ndi zina zambiri.
Mphepo zambiri zam'madzi ndi zam'madzi: atsekwe, abakha, swans.
Lake Onega (Onego)
Nyanjayi imatchedwa mlongo wachichepere wa Ladoga wamkulu - ndi malo achiwiri osungira madzi ku Europe. Onego ili ndi zisumbu zoposa 1,500 zazikulu zazikulu, madoko ambiri ndi ma marinas ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo Onega Sailing Regatta imachitika chaka chilichonse.
Madzi mu nyanjayi ndi oyera komanso oyera chifukwa cha mchere wa shungite, womwe umakhala pansi. Kuphatikiza pa nsomba, palinso bollve mollusk yemwe amalima mipira ya ngale ngale.
Nkhalango za Taiga zokhala ndi bowa ndi zipatso zambiri, chidwi cha kumpoto, mbiri yakale, zomangamanga, komanso zaluso zachikhalidwe zimakopa alendo ambiri kudzaona malowa.
Onega Petroglyphs
M'mphepete mwa kum'mawa kwa Lake Onega m'chigawo cha Pudozhsky ku Karelia, zojambula zakale zamapanga ku 4th 3 3 millennia BC zilipo. Amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu 24 osiyanasiyana ndipo amapeza malo amtunda wamakilomita 20; theka lopitilira petroglyphs lili pamakona a Peri Nos, Besov Nos ndi Kladovets.
Pafupifupi, zithunzi ndi zizindikiro pafupifupi 1,100 zidalemba m'miyala, makamaka zojambula za mbalame (makamaka swans), nyama zamtchire, anthu, ndi mabwato. Kukula kwa ma petroglyphs ena amafikira mita 4.
Zina mwazodabwitsa kwambiri ndi "chodabwitsa, chimpira", "chinsoni, chinsomba" ndi "buluzi". Pofuna kuti izi zisachitike, pafupifupi m'zaka za m'ma 1500, amonke a Murom Holy Assidence Monastery adatsitsa mtanda wachikhristu pachithunzichi.
Mudzi wa Kinerma
Dzinalo lakale la Karelian, lotayika mu chigawo cha Pryazhinsky, limasuliridwa kuti "dziko lamtengo wapatali". Nyumbayi, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa zaka zoposa 400 zapitazo, ili ndi nyumba pafupifupi khumi ndi ziwiri, ndipo theka lake ndi zipilala zomanga. Nyumbazi zili mozungulira, mkati mwake momwe muli tchalitchi cha mayi wa Mulungu wa Smolensk ndi manda akale.
Posachedwa, zam'mudzimo zikufunsidwa, munthu m'modzi yekha amakhala kuno kwathunthu. Komabe, chifukwa cha zoyesayesa nzika zakomweko, zinali zotheka kubwezeretsa nyumbazi, kukhazikitsa moyo, komanso kukopa alendo.Pofuna kusunga mbiri, Kinerma imadziwika kuti ndi chipilala chamiyala ya Karelian Livviks. Anapambananso pamwambo "Mudzi Wokongola Kwambiri ku Russia".
"Kizhi" Museum Museum
Gawo lalikulu la nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi lili pachilumba cha Kizhi ku Lake Onega. Mtima wamsonkhanowu ndi Kizhi Pogost ensemble, wopangidwa ndi mutu wa 22 wa Tchalitchi cha Transfiguration yamatabwa, Tchalitchi chaching'ono cha Intercession ndi mikanda yolumikizana, tsopano mpandawo ukuphatikizidwa ndi Mndandanda Wamakono wa UNESCO World Heritage.
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imadzazidwanso ndi nyumba zam'matchalitchi, nyumba, zifanizo, zinthu za m'nyumba, nyumba zamafamu zomwe zimachokera kumidzi yoyandikana ya Karelian, Russia ndi Veps, imapezekanso malo angapo azakale a Zaonezhie ndi Petrozavodsk.
Church Church
Tchalitchi cha Church of the assume of the Wagona Mkazi wamkazi uli mumzinda wa Kondopoga, mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Onega. Mpingowu udamangidwa mu 1774 pokumbukira anthu wamba omwe adamwalira pa nthawi ya chipolowe cha Kizhi (1769-1771).
Chifukwa cha kutalika kwa mita 42, inakhala tchalitchi chamatabwa chachitali kwambiri ku Karelia. Mkati mwake amasungidwa mpaka pano ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndiosiyana ndi akachisi amakono olemera.
Ulendo ku Assume Church sunaphatikizidwe pamndandanda wazokakamiza; palibe oletsa alendo pano, koma omwe angokwatirana kumene ndi omwe ali pabanja ndipo omalo amabatiza ana awo. Ndizoyenera kubwera kuno chifukwa cha kukongola kozungulira komanso malo apadera a malowa.
Chikhalidwe cha Karelia: nyengo
Republic ili kumpoto pafupi ndi matupi akulu amadzi (Nyanja ya Barents, Nyanja Yoyera, Nyanja ya Baltic). Anthu oyandikana nawo anathandiza Karelia kuti asinthe mwadzidzidzi kutentha, kumapangitsa kuti nyengo ikhale m'derali, komanso kupatsa mvula mvula chaka chonse. Nyengo yozizira ilibe ozizira kwambiri, ndipo nyengo yachilimwe imakhala yotentha. Nthawi yomweyo, sizingatheke kunena kuti nyengo yakhazikika. Nyengo zimasintha nthawi zambiri. Ngakhale kulibe mtambo m'mawa m'mawa ndipo dzuwa limawalira bwino, izi sizitanthauza kuti pambuyo pama maola atatu kapena anayi mvula yamphamvu siyayamba.
Mtundu wa Karelia: zomera ndi nyama
Nkhalango zowongoka zimamera m'malo ambiri opezekapo. Pine amapezeka kumpoto kwa Karelia, ndipo nkhalango zowirira zimapezeka kumwera. Komanso, mitengo yowuma imachokera kumwera. Oyimira akuluakulu: elm, birch, phulusa, linden. Pakati pa oimira maluwa onse a Karelia, Karelian birch amakhala pamalo olemekezeka. Anatchuka chifukwa cha mtengo wolimba, womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Monga mukudziwa, palibe mphete za pachaka pamtengo wodulidwa. Zingwe za nkhuni zimapangidwa mwachisawawa kuti apange mawonekedwe apadera. Zogulitsa zochokera ku Karelian birch zimayamikiridwa ndi onse amfumu komanso anthu wamba.
Mitengo yamapaini ku Karelia imapezeka m'malo onse ndi dothi lamchenga, komanso m'malo otentha komanso mapiri. Ndizodabwitsa kuti mitengo yayikulu ngati imeneyi imatha kumera pamiyala yopanda miyala, ndipo mizu yake imakutira mozungulira mbali zonse. Gawo laling'ono kwa iwo ndi lichen, lomwe limakulungidwa ndi mapiri. Malinga ndi nkhani za anthu okhala komweko, ndi mitengo ya paini yotere yomwe bowa wambiri wa porcini amakula. Mitengo ya spruce nthawi zambiri imamera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja. Mwambiri, ali makulidwe a kakulidwe kocheperako kuposa ma pine.
China chosonyeza malo a Karelian ndi ma swamp. Amakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a gawo. Munda wabwinobwino umakhala pachisamba - mosses, mabango, akavalo akavalo, zitsamba za blueberry, masamba owoneka ngati mitambo.
Oimira nyama ya Karelia ndi zimbalangondo, anyani, mimbulu, mimbulu, agologolo. Onse omwe amakhala taiga. Ngati mupita kumwera kwa republic, ndiye kuti nkhumba zakuthengo, moose, agalu achifwamba azigwirizana nawo. Kudera la Karelian kuli nyanja ndi mitsinje yambiri, yomwe imakhala ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana. Ndikufuna kwambiri kutsimikizira zavuto lomwe limangokhala mu Nyanja ya Ladoga - chisindikizo cholumikizidwa ndi Ladoga. Tsoka ilo, chifukwa chosaka mosaloledwa, kuchuluka kwa nyama yachilendo kumachepetsedwa chaka chilichonse.Pali nsomba zambiri m'mitsinje ndi m'madzi a rep republic: kuchokera ku roach mpaka trout ndi flounder (kunyanja). Komanso nkhalango ndi madambo a repabulikawa amakhala ndi tizilombo tomwe timayamwa magazi. Ndiwo mkhalidwe wankhanza koma wokongola wa Karelia.
Pogoda ndi Karelia
Madera ambiri a Karelia ali mdera lotentha komanso louma. Zima, ngakhale kuti zimatenga nthawi yayitali, koma matalala owopsa ndi osowa pano. Masamba nthawi zambiri amakhala ofatsa ndi chipale chofewa. Masika, ndi zithumwa zake zonse ngati chipale chosungunuka, mitengo yamaluwa ndikuwonjezeka kwa masana masana, imangopezeka pakati pa Epulo. Koma mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi, kuthekera kwa kubweranso kwa madzi oundana kumakhalabe.
Chilimwe ku Karelia ndi kifupikitsa komanso kuzizira. M'magawo ambiri, nyengo yadzilimwe imakhaladi pakatikati pa Julayi. Kutentha sikumangokweza pamwamba + 20ºC. Koma kumapeto kwa Ogasiti nyengo yam'dzinja imamvekedwa: thambo lambiri, mvula yamphamvu ndi mphepo yozizira.
Nyengo yosakhazikika komanso yosasinthika imapezeka pagombe la nyanja komanso m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Ladoga ndi Onega. Mphepo zamakono zimachokera kumadzulo. Nyengo nthawi zambiri pamakhala mitambo, komwe kumakhala mphepo zambiri komanso kugwa kwamvula yambiri. M'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yoyera, mitambo ikuluikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi imadziwika.
Madzi, mitsinje ndi mathithi amadzi
Palibe chodabwitsa kuti dzina lachiwiri la republics ndi dziko la nyanja. Ku gawo la Karelia, kuli nyanja zopitilira 60,000. Ichi ndiye cholowa chomwe chimatchedwa m'badwo wa ayezi. Kusamala kwachilengedwe kwa anthu akumalo osungira madzi kwapangitsa kuti nyanjayi ikhale yoyera kwambiri. Nyanja za Onega ndi Ladoga zimadziwika kuti ndi nyanja yayikulu kwambiri ku Europe.
Dzikoli limadzaza mitsinje. Pali pafupifupi 27,000 a iwo m'derali. Mitsinje yambiri si yayitali ndipo imakhala yotalika makilomita 10. Koma ku republic kuli mitsinje yoposa ma kilomita 100 kutalika. Omaliza kwambiri ndi Suna, Shuya, Vyg, Olonka, Kem.
Pali malo opitilira madzi opitilira 100 ku Karelia. Odziwika kwambiri ndi mathithi amadzi a Kivach. Alendo masauzande ambiri amabwera kudzasangalala ndi chilengedwe cha chilengedwe. Ngakhale ndakatulo yayikulu Derzhavin G.R. adalemba kukongola kwa mathithi amadzi mu vesi. Oimira banja la Romanov adabwera kuno kudzasangalala ndi kukongola komanso phokoso lamadzi.
Volcano Girvas
Kuzunguliridwa ndi nkhalango yowongoka, pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Suna, pali chipilala cha chilengedwe - Girvas Volcano. Tsopano zatha, koma zaka mabiliyoni atatu zapitazo, chiphalaphala cham'madzi chinayamba kuphulika. Akatswiri a zamagetsi adaziwona izi pokhapokha pakati pa zaka zapitazi pomanga malo opangira magetsi a Paleozersky. Nthawi inali yopanda chiphalaphala, ndipo masiku ano ndizovuta kusiyanitsa nthawi yake. Tsopano mlendo aliyense adzatha kukhudza mawonekedwe akale kwambiri a geological ndi manja awo. Pafupi ndi volcano, imakhalanso chidziwitso cha republic - Girvas waterfall.
