Kusamukira kwa mbalame, kapena kuthawa kwa mbalame - kusunthidwa kapena kusamutsidwa kwa mbalame zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe kapena kudyetsa kapena njira zobereketsa kuchokera kudera lanyengo kupita kumalo osungirako nyengo yachisanu komanso mosinthanitsa. Mtundu umodzi wosamukira kwanyama. Kusamukira - kuzolowera kusintha kwa nyengo komanso zinthu zomwe zimadalira (kupezeka kwa chakudya, madzi otseguka, ndi zina). Kutha kwa mbalame kusuntha kumayendetsedwa ndi kusunthika kwawo kwakukulu chifukwa chakuuluka, kosatheka ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya nyama zapadziko lapansi.
Zotsatira zachilengedwe zakusamuka kwa mbalame
Kusuntha kwa mbalame kumathandizanso kuyendayenda kwa mitundu ina, monga ma ectoparasites, ngati nkhupakupa (Acarina) ndi nsabwe (Phthiraptera), zomwe zimatha kunyamula tizilombo tambiri, kuphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mbalame zosamukira zimakopa chidwi chachikulu pokhudzana ndi kufalikira kwa chimfine cha mbalame mu 2006-2007, koma zidapezeka kuti mbalame zosamukira sizikuwopseza, pomwe kutumiza nkhuku kumakhala kwakukulu. Komabe, ma virus ena amatha kunyamulidwa ndi mbalame popanda kuonekera pa thanzi la mbalameyo, monga West Nile fever (Wnv) Mbalame zosamukira zimathandizanso pakugawana nthangala kapena mbewu zambiri ndi zomangira.
Ziwopsezo pakusungidwa kwa mbalame
Zochita za anthu zimabweretsa chiwopsezo kwambiri kwa mbalame zosamukira. Chofunika kwambiri ndi malo omwe amayimapo pakati pa malo okhala ndi malo ogona nthawi yachisanu, kuchepa kwawo komwe chifukwa cha zochita za anthu sikupatsa mbalame mwayi wakudya nthawi yomwe amathawa. Kuwonongeka kwa madambo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ntchito zawo zaulimi kumakhalabe chifukwa chachikulu kwambiri cha kufa kwa mbalame nthawi yosamukira.
Kusaka munjira zosamukira nthawi zina kumapangitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mbalame. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa crane yoyera ku Siberia ndi nyengo yachisanu ku India kunali kosowa chifukwa chowasaka pamene anali kuwuluka ku Afghanistan ndi Central Asia. Nthawi yotsiriza mbalamezi zidawonedwa m'malo awo osangalatsa nthawi yachisanu, Keoladeo National Park, mu 2002.
Nyumba zazitali monga ma chingwe amagetsi, zopondera mphezi, ma famu amphepo ndi mafayilo am'madzi ndizinthu zodziwika bwino zomwe zimayambitsa kugunda ndi kufa kwa mbalame zosamukira. Choopsa kwambiri ndi nyumba zowunikira usiku, monga ma nyali, ma siketi, zipilala zikuluzikulu komanso nsanja za wailesi yakanema, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndege zisagundane ndi iwo. Kuwala nthawi zambiri kumakopa mbalame zomwe zimayenda usiku, zofanana ndi momwe zimakopera tizilombo usiku.
Kusunthidwa kwa mbalame nthawi yosamukira ndizowonjezereka kwa mitundu ina. Ena mwa mbalame zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zosamukasamuka tsopano atha; otchuka kwambiri ndi njiwa yoyendayenda (Ectopistes migratorius), omwe gulu lawo lidali lotalika 2 km mulifupi 500 km, adawuluka masiku angapo kupitilira gawo limodzi ndikufikira mbalame biliyoni.
Kutetezedwa kwa mbalame zosamukira kumakhala kovuta chifukwa njira zosamukira zimadutsa malire a mayiko osiyanasiyana motero zimafunikira mgwirizano wapadziko lonse. Mapangano angapo apadziko lonse lapansi adaganizirana kuti ateteze mbalame zosamukira, kuphatikizapo Pangano la Mbalame Zosamukira ku 1918 ku North America. Machitidwe a Chiweto chosamukira ku United States), mu 1979 Conservation Agwirizano a Afro-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) 1979 Mgwirizano wamadzi wa ku Africa-European Union) ndi Msonkhano wa Bonn wa 1979 Msonkhano wa Mitundu Yosamukira).
Tsiku la Mbalame Zosamukasamuka
Tsiku la Mbalame Zosamukira Padziko Lonse lidakhazikitsidwa mu 2006 ndi cholinga chodziwika bwino pankhani yofunikira kuteteza mbalame zosamukira komanso malo okhala. Tsiku lino lidakhazikitsidwa tsiku lomwe adasayina pa Meyi 10, 1906 ya International Convention on the Protection of birds. Mu 1927, USSR idavomereza panganoli. Tsiku la Mbalame Zosamukira Padziko Lonse lalinganizidwa ndi a Secretariats of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Animal Zinyama Zamtchire ndi Panganoli pa Kuteteza Mbidzi Zamtoto za ku Africa-Europe. Tsiku lino limakondwerera chaka chilichonse Loweruka lachiwiri ndi Lamlungu la Meyi. Kuyambira mu 2016, Tsiku la Mbalame Zosamukira Padziko Lonse lakhala likukondwerera pa Meyi 10.
Mitundu yosamukira
Mwachilengedwe cha kusamuka kwakanthawi, mbalame zimagawidwa pokhazikika, mosasunthika komanso zosamuka. Kuphatikiza apo, pansi pazinthu zina, mbalame, monga nyama zina, zimathamangitsidwa mdera lililonse osabwereranso kapena kuwalowetsa (kuzilowetsa) kumagawo kunja kwa malo awo okhalamo, kusamutsidwa koteroko sikogwirizana mwachindunji ndi kusamuka. Kutulutsa kapena kuyambitsa kumalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe pamawonekedwe (moto wam m'nkhalango, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kutulutsa kwina, zina ndi zina) kapena kuchulukana kwa mitundu inayake kumalo ochepa. M'malo otere, mbalame zimakakamizidwa kuti zisafune malo atsopano, ndipo kuyenda koteroko sikogwirizana ndi moyo wawo kapena nyengo zawo.
Mafotokozedwe amatchulidwanso kuti mawu oyamba - kukhazikitsanso mwadongosolo mitundu ya zinthu zomwe sizinakhaleko m'mbuyomu. Zotsirizira, mwachitsanzo, zimaphatikizapo nyenyezi wamba. Nthawi zambiri ndizosatheka kunena mosatsimikiza kuti mbalame zomwe zapatsidwa ndizokhazikika, zoyenda kapena kusuntha: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yomweyo ngakhale mbalame zomwezo zimatha kukhala mosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ma wren m'mitundu yambiri, kuphatikiza pafupifupi Europe yonse ndi Circumpolar Commander ndi zilumba za Aleutian, akukhala, ku Canada ndi kumpoto kwa United States kumayendayenda pamtunda wopanda tanthauzo, ndipo kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia, ku Scandinavia ndi Far East ndikosamuka. Mumankhwala wamba kapena wonyetsa buluu (Cyanocitta cristata) zimatheka ngati gawo lomweli la mbalame m'nyengo yozizira limasunthira kumwera, gawo lina limachokera kumpoto, ndipo gawo limakhala lokhazikika.
Zambiri zimasunthidwa kutsogolo, koma nthawi zina zimachitika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono - njira zosamukira. Nthawi zambiri, njira ngati izi zimayenda m'mphepete mwa mapiri kapena m'mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zomwe zimaloleza mbalame kugwiritsa ntchito kukwera kwa mafunde kapena kupewa kuthana ndi zotchingira malo, monga kukula kwa nyanja. Komanso, njirazo sizimagwirizana konse mbali zonse zaulendo wothawa - pamenepa amayankhula za zomwe zimawoneka ngati kuzungulira kwamphepo.
Mbalame zazikulu kwambiri zimasamukira m'matumba, nthawi zambiri zimapanga "mtundu" wa V pamtunda wa mbalame 12-20. Izi zimathandiza kuti mbalame zizichepetsa mphamvu zowuluka.
Sikuti mbalame zonse zimayenda ndi ndege. Ma penguin ambiri amasunthira pafupipafupi posambira, njira zamtunduwu zimatha kutalika kwamtunda wa kilomita chikwi. Ma penguin ama Emperor amayinso kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kupita kumalo osungira nyama ku Antarctica. Blue Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) imasunthira pafupipafupi kutalika kosiyanasiyana, makamaka pamapazi. Panthawi yachilala, kuyenda mtunda wautali ndi phazi kumachitika ndi Australia emu (Dromaius) .
Mbalame zokhazikika
Mbalame zokhazikika ndizomwe zimatsatira gawo laling'ono ndipo sizisunthira kunja. Mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zotere imakhala m'malo momwe nyengo amasinthira sizikhudza kupezeka kwa chakudya - nyengo yotentha komanso yotentha. M'malo otentha komanso kumpoto, pali mbalame zochepa zotere, makamaka ma synanthropes - mbalame zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi munthu ndipo zimadalira iye: njiwa ya buluu, mpheta yam'makomo, khwangwala imvi, jackdaw ndi ena. Mbalame zina zangokhala, zotchedwanso achisoni, kunja kwanyengo yoswana, imasamukira patali yaying'ono kuchokera kumalo ake okhalamo - ku Russian Federation, mbalame zotere zimaphatikizapo capercaillie, hazel grouse, grouse wakuda, pang'ono magpie ndi oatmeal wamba. .
Mbalame zoyendayenda
Mbalame zosamukasamuka ndi zina zomwe nthawi yakuswana nthawi zambiri zimayenda malo ndi malo kukafuna chakudya. Kuyenda kotereku sikogwirizana konse ndi chilengedwe cha mtunduwu ndipo zimadalira kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi nyengo, pomwe sizionedwa ngati zosamuka. Komabe, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yapakati pa kusuntha kosuntha ndi kutalika kwa mbalame, makamaka kusunthira kwakanthawi, komwe nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha nyengo komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya. Kusamukira kwakanthawi kumakhala kokhazikika. Mosiyana ndi kusamuka kwakutali, nthawi yoyambira posamuka imadalira nyengo, ndipo mbalame zimatha kuthawa kusamukira pazaka zotentha kapena zina. Ku Russia, mbalame zamtunduwu zimaphatikizapo titmouse, nuthatch, jay, crossbill, pike, siskin, bullfinch, waxwing, etc.
Mwachitsanzo, mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'mapiri ndi m'madambo, monga stenolaz (Tichodroma muraria) ndi dipper (Cinclus cinclus), motero, pakasamukira amatha kusunthira kumalo okwera osiyanasiyana, kupewa phirili nyengo yozizira. Mitundu ina monga gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) ndi lark (Alauda), pitani kugombe kapena kum'mwera kwa magulu. Zina monga Finch (Fringilla amathandizira), osasamukira ku UK, koma kuwuluka kumwera kuchokera ku Ireland nyengo yozizira kwambiri.
Mbalame zamtundu wa odutsa Passerformes ali ndi mitundu iwiri ya chisinthiko chomwe chimachokera pamakhalidwe otere. Mitundu yokhudzana kwambiri ndi zolengedwa zomwe zikuuluka mtunda wautali, monga tenochka, ndi mitundu yochokera ku Southern Hemisphere, koma yomwe yachepetsa pang'ono kutalika kwa ndege yomwe ikubwerera kuti ikhalebe kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Mosiyana ndi izi, mitundu yomwe ilibe mitundu yoyenderana kwambiri, monga sera (Bombycilla,, imawuluka chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira, osati ndi cholinga chofuna kubereka. M'malo otentha, pali kusiyana pang'ono kutalika kwa tsiku lonse pachaka ndipo pali chakudya chokwanira chaka chonse. Mosiyana ndi mayendedwe apakati a mbalame yozizira m'malo otentha, mitundu yambiri ya malo otentha imakhala yokhazikika. Komabe, mitundu yambiri imawululuka pamtunda wosiyanasiyana kutengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya. Chifukwa chake, madera ambiri otentha ali ndi nyengo yonyowa ndi youma, chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chomwe ndi nyengo ya ku South Asia. Mbalame zomwe zimasamukira kutengera kuchuluka kwa mvula ndizophatikizira Halcyon senegalensis, wokhala ku West Africa. Pali mitundu ingapo ya nkhaka zomwe ndi mbalame zenizeni zosamukira m'malo otentha - nkhaka yaying'ono (Cuculus poliocephalus), yomwe nthawi ya nesting imakhala ku India, ndipo kumapeto kwa chaka imapezeka ku Africa. M'mapiri ataliatali, monga Himalaya ndi Andes, mitundu yambiri ya mbalame imasunthira nyengo zazitali, pomwe zina zimatha kusamuka nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, Himalayan Kashmir flycatcher (Ficheula subrubra) ndi Zoothera wardii amatha kusamukira kumwera ku Sri Lanka.
Kusamukira kumtali kwa mbalame kumakhala kwakukulu, ngakhale sizokhazokha, chodabwitsa cha North Hemisphere. Ku South Hemisphere, kusunthika kwakanthawi sadziwika, zomwe zimachokera pazifukwa zingapo. Chifukwa chake malo osasinthika amtunda kapena nyanja sizimapangitsa kuti mayendedwe achepetse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusamukira kuonekere kwa anthu. Kachiwiri, pamtunda, nyengo zanyengo zimasinthana pang'onopang'ono popanda kupanga kusintha kwakukulu: izi zikutanthauza kuti m'malo mwa maulendo ataliitali opitilira malo osakwanira kuti akwaniritse malo ena, mbalame zosamukira zimatha kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, zikudyera paulendo wawo. Nthawi zambiri, popanda maphunziro apadera, sizingatheke kuti mbalame zizisamukira kudera linalake, chifukwa nthumwi zosiyanasiyana zamtundu womwewo zimafika nyengo zosiyanasiyana, pang'onopang'ono zimayenda mbali ina. Komabe, mitundu yambiri imakhala m'malo otentha a kumwera kwa Nyengo Yachisanu komanso nyengo yozizira kumadera otentha kumpoto. Mwachitsanzo, kusamuka kotero kumachitika ndi kumeza kwa mizere yayikulu yaku South Africa (Hirundo cucullata) ndi silika myagra wa ku Australia (Myiagra cyanoleuca), Latitude ya ku Australia (Eurystomus orientalis)Amapanga ornatus).
Mbalame zosamukasamuka
Mbalame zosamukira zimasuntha nthawi zonse pakati pa malo okhala ndi malo osungira nthawi yachisanu. Kubwezeretsanso malo kumatha kuchitika nthawi yayitali komanso yayitali. Malinga ndi akatswiri a ornithologists, kuthamanga kwothamanga kwa mbalame zazing'ono kuli pafupifupi 30 km / h, ndipo kwa zazikulu pafupifupi 80 km / h. Nthawi zambiri kuthawa kumachitika magawo angapo poyimitsa kupumira ndi kudya. Zocheperako mbalame, zazifupi mtunda womwe zimatha kudziwa nthawi imodzi: mbalame zazing'ono zimatha kuwuluka mosalekeza kwa maola 70-90, kwinaku zikuyenda mtunda wa 4000 km.
Njira Zosiyanasiyana
- Kusamuka kosiyana.
- Kusunthira kwa Rollover.
- Kusunthidwa kozungulira. Pakasamukira kuzungulira, njira zoyambira masika ndi nthawi yophukira sizigwirizana.
Maulendo osunthika amatha kuwongoleredwa molunjika (kuchokera kudera lina kupita kwina ndikukhalabe malo omwe alipo), kapena molunjika (kumapiri ndi kumbuyo).
Mayendedwe a ndege
Mayendedwe osunthira mbalame ndi osiyanasiyana. Kwa mbalame ku Northern Hemisphere, nthawi zambiri zimawuluka kuchokera kumpoto (komwe mbalame zimakhalira) kum'mwera (komwe nthawi yozizira) komanso mosemphanitsa. Kuyenda koteroko kumakhala kofanana ndi kotentha komanso kotentha kwa kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Kusamukira kumeneku kumakhazikitsidwa ndi zifukwa zingapo, zazikulu zomwe zimakhala mphamvu yamphamvu - m'chilimwe kumpoto kwa kutalika kwa maola masana, zomwe zimapatsa mbalame zomwe zimatsogolera tsiku ndi tsiku mwayi wopezera chakudya ana awo: poyerekeza ndi mbalame zam'malo otentha, kuyikira mazira ake ndikwambamwamba. Mu nthawi yophukira, kutalika kwa maola masana kuchepera, mbalamezo zimasamukira kumadera otentha, kumene chakudya chimakhala chosagonjetseka ndi nyengo.
Phunziro
Yang'anani! Kuwona pazithunzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazidziwitso zokha ndipo mwina sikungapereke malingaliro pazomwe zikuwonetsedwa. Ngati mukufuna ntchito imeneyi, chonde kutsitsani mtundu wonsewo.
Cholinga cha Phunziro:
- ozindikira - phunzitsani ana kuti akhale mbalame zokhazikika ndikukhazikitsa mayina awo.
- zamaphunziro - kulimbikitsa kukonda kwachilengedwe, dziko lachilengedwe, mbalame.
Ntchito: phunziro: phunzirani kusiyanitsa mbalame zakukhazikika ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka komanso kulera; Kwezani ana chikhumbo chothandizira mbalame nyengo yachisanu ndikuziteteza.
Zida chiwonetsero "mbalame zamtunda", DVD SSU TV "Mbalame zazitali ndi zonyamuka" (chiwembu "mbalame zokhazikika"), zithunzi ndi zithunzi za mbalame zokhazikika.
Phunziro
Gulu la mabungwe.
Kusintha kwachidziwitso.
Mawu oyambira pamutu wa phunziroli.
Kamnyamata kakang'ono
M'mutu wa imvi
Kuyang'ana kuzungulira mayadi
Amasonkhanitsa zinyenyeswazi.
(Mpheta)
Ndani wavala beret yofiira
Mu jekete yakuda?
Samandiyang'ana,
Chilichonse chimagogoda, kugogoda, kugogoda.
(Woodpecker)
Fidget motley,
Mbalame yayitali
Mbalame yolankhula
Zolankhula kwambiri.
(Magpie)
Maso ake ndi akulu
Mlomo wolusa nthawi zonse umakhazikika.
Usiku amawuluka
Amagona pamtengo pokhapokha masana.
(Owl)
(mphunzitsi apachika zithunzi pa bolodi m'mene mumaganizira zingwe)
U. Amuna abwino, mwayiganiza! Tsopano tiyeni timvere ndakatulo yomwe Ilya adakonza.
Ilya
Z. Alexandrova "Chipinda Chodyera Chatsopano"
Tidapangira ufa,
Tidatsegula chipinda chodyeramo.
Sparrow, anansi a bullfinch,
Mudzakhala ndi nkhomaliro nthawi yachisanu.
Paulendo tsiku loyamba la sabata
Matayipi anadza kwa ife.
Ndipo Lachiwiri, taonani
Bullfinches adafika.
Makungu atatu anali Lachitatu,
Sitinawadikirire kuti adye nawo.
Ndipo Lachinayi kuchokera konsekonse -
Gulu la mpheta zamadyera.
Lachisanu m'chipinda chathu chodyera
Njiwayo amadya phala.
Ndipo Loweruka ndidzalandira mkate
Asanu ndi makumi anayi anawulukira.
Lamlungu, Lamlungu
Mlendo wapakatikati adabwera kwa ife -
Woyendayenda ...
Awa ndi mathero a nyimbo.
Kukhazikitsa zolinga ndi cholinga cha phunziroli. Chilimbikitso cha zochitika zophunzirira ophunzira.
U. Ndiuzeni, kodi phunziro lathu likhala loti lero, tikambirana za ndani lero?
D. Za mbalame.
Mutu wankhani wamaphunziro.
U. Mutu wa phunziro lathu ndi Mbalame Zokhazikika.
Nkhani yoyambira.
At. Ndi mbalame zamtundu wanji zomwe timazitcha kuti amangokhala?
D. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala chaka chathunthu kumalo amodzi zimatchedwa amangokhala.
U. Pakumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, mbalame zambiri zangokhala pansi zimapanga nkhokwe m'nyengo yachisanu. Izi ndi tini, jay, pikas.
Kutsata koyamba kwa chidziwitso.
Tiyeni tiwone kanema wonena za mbalame zokhazikika. Samalani ndi mbalame ziti zomwe zimatsalira kuti zizisungirako, zomwe zimadya, komwe zimakonza nyumba zawo.
(mphunzitsi akuphatikiza DVD "Mbalame Zokhazikika")
Kuyesa koyambirira kwa kumvetsetsa.
U. Kodi mwaphunzira chiyani kuchokera pa kanemayo?
D. Kodi ndi mbalame ziti zomwe zimangokhala m'dera lathu, komanso momwe zimapangidwira.
Kugwirizana kwa zochitika zachilengedwe ndi moyo wa mbalame.
U. Kodi ndi kusintha kwanji kwachilengedwe komwe kumachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe?
D. Kukuyamba kuzizira, masamba akugwa, kulibenso zipatso, nthaka imazizira m'malo, ndipo kumapeto kwa mitsinje ndi nyanja ndizodzala ndi madzi oundana.
U. Kusintha kwa moyo wosaoneka kubweretsa kusintha m'moyo, chani?
D. Kuti apulumuke nthawi yozizira, tizilombo tinabisala pansi pamakungwa a mitengo, m'makona a nyumba, m'manda, ambiri adamwalira.
U. Tizilombo ndi chakudya chachikulu cha mbalame, motero mbalame zosavutikira zapita kutali. Mukuti matupi amadziwo adakutidwa ndi ayezi - madzi am'madzi amawuluka, omwe amapeza chakudya m'madzi. Awa ndi abakha, atsekwe, swans.
(Zithunzi pa bolodi)
Kuphatikiza koyambirira.
U. Ndiuzeni, kodi mbalame zonse zidawuluka?
D. Ayi.
U. Kulondola. Mbalame zomwe zidasungunuka zimasungunuka, chiphokoso chatsopanocho chimakhala chowonda komanso chotentha, tsopano sichiopa chisanu. Ndiuzeni, kodi ndichifukwa chiyani mbalame zokha zinatsala, osawopa kuzizira?
D. Mbalame zotsalira zomwe zimatha kupeza chakudya m'nyengo yozizira.
U. Kulondola. Tchulani iwo.
D. Raven, jay, owl, pika, woodpecker.
U. Tandiuzeni, kodi mbalamezi zimadya chiyani nthawi yozizira?
D. Mbewu za mitengo, ma acorn, zimakoka tizirombo tulo tosazizira pansi pa khungwa, kugwira mbewa, ndi mbalame zodya nyama, mwachitsanzo, goshawk, zimatha kugwira kalulu kapena mbalame ina. Kuchokera kanema tidaphunzira kuti ngakhale grouse wakuda amatha kugwira.
Maphunziro akuthupi.
Chiwombankhanga kadzidzi chimakhala ndi moyo usiku
Pa ntchentche ntchentche.
Maso ake owoneka bwino
Zochita zawo zonse zikulanda nyama zawo.
Samalani achule
Ndi mbewa, ndi kalulu!
Bisani ponytails ndi makutu anu
Poti iye samakudya inu.
Koma dzuwa lokha ndi lomwe lidzatuluke
Kadzidzi azigona nthawi yomweyo.
Tsopano nthawi yakwana
Kuyenda m'mphepete mwa nkhalango.
Khalani ndi achule osangalatsa
Ndi mbewa, ndi kalulu!
Tidzaimba ndikuvina
Pomwe kadzidzi agona!
(Ana akuwonetsa momwe chiwombankhanga chimawulukira, momwe nyama zimabisalira, momwe chiziwombe chimagona, ndi momwe nyama zimakondwerera pambuyo pake.)
Mbalame zodzigonera (ulaliki)
U. Ndiuzeni, kodi ndizosavuta kwa mbalame nthawi yozizira?
D. Ayi.
U. Kodi mungafune kuwathandiza motani?
D. Pangani odyetsa ndi kuwonjezera chakudya.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi homuweki, kufotokozera mwachidule kukhazikitsa kwake.
Ntchito yakunyumba.
U. Kunyumba, pangani odyetsa mbalame ndikuwadyetsa.
Kulingalira
Chidule.
U. Tikumbukire zomwe taphunzira lero m'maphunzirowa?
D. Mayina a mbalame zomwe zimakhala mpaka nthawi yozizira, chifukwa chomwe amakhalabe, zomwe amadya kuzizira, komwe amakhala, momwe angathandizire nyengo yozizira.
U. Uko nkulondola, wachita bwino!
Ntchito mabuku.
- T.R. Kislova "Paulendo wakulembera zilembo",
- Chida chowoneka ndi makina “Dziko Lithunzi” “Mbalame Zapakatikati”,
- DVD disc "Mbalame Zamtundu Wosamukira" zimapanga kampani "Mbalame Zamtunda" Televizioni "Zamakono Zamtundu wa Anthu".
