Tikadakhala aaziteki, tikadatcha nyamayi "galu waumulungu." Dzinalo Lachilatini lidasinthidwa ngati galu wowala. Ndipo ochita zamasiku ano amazitcha mosiyana - "nkhandwe", "galu wofiyira", "mmbulu wofiyira" kapena "coyote". Kodi ndi nyama yamtundu wanji yomwe anthu sanadandaule nayo mayina ambiri?
Kufotokozera kwakunja
Coyote ndi nyama yomwe ndi nyama ya adani. Nyama izi ndi za banja la canine. Kunja, mimbulu yofiira ndiofanana ndi mimbulu wamba, koma yaying'ono. Muthanso kunena kuti coyote wamkulu kwambiri ndi wocheperako kuposa wamkulu komanso wamba wamkulu wa mimbulu wamba. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa thupi la coyote wachikulire sikupita 100 cm, mchira sukula kuposa 30 cm, nyamayi imakhala kutalika kwa 50 cm.Chabwino kuti misayo imachokera ku 7 kg (osachepera kulemera) mpaka 21 kg (maximum). Nkhandwe wamba, yomwe tidamufanizira ndi m'bale wake, imalemera 32 kg, ndipo anthu akuluakulu amatha kufikira 60 kg.
Mbidzi ya dambo ili ndi makutu okhazikika, ndipo mchira wake umatha kutchedwa kuti fluffy. Ubweya wake ndi wokulirapo komanso wautali, wa bulauni, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe akuda ndi amvi. Mtundu wa ubweya pamimba ndi wopepuka. Kapangidwe ka muzzle ndi kolunjika mbali, ndikukumbukira kwambiri nkhandwe kuposa nkhandwe. Nsonga ya mchira wokutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda.
Komwe ma coyotes amakhala
Coyotes ndi anthu okhala kumapiri aku America. Amagawidwa ku North America ndipo amapezeka m'ma 49 a USA, Canada ndi Mexico. Nkhandwe yaku North America idadula kwambiri nthawi ya Gold Rush. Pamodzi ndi ogwira ntchito pamgodi, nyamayi inkayang'anitsitsa magawo atsopano, osadana ndi chilichonse.
Mimbulu yofiira ndi anthu okhala m'madera otseguka. Amakhala m'madambo ndi zipululu, ndipo ndizosowa kwambiri m'nkhalango. Ma Coyotes sakhala m'malo opezeka okha, komanso kunja kwa megacities akulu.
Zomwe zimadya
Pazakudya, nkhandwe yaku America imakhala yabwino. Nyamayi imawonedwa ngati yopanda tanthauzo, koma chakudya chachikulu ndi nyama ya haresi, akalulu, agalu, agologolo amtundu ndi pansi. Chinyama chaching'ono chilichonse, kuphatikiza mbalame, tizilombo komanso nyama zosiyanasiyana zam'madzi, chimatha kukhala chakudya chachikulu cha nyama yanjala. Ndipo popeza ma coyote nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi mizinda ndi matauni, amathanso kusaka nyama zapakhomo, ngakhale amazichita mwamwayi.
Ma Coyotes samawukiridwa ndi anthu. Koma mapepala omwe amayenda ndi malo okhala anthu amakhala okongola kwambiri kwa iwo.
Momwe coyote amasaka
Meadow Wolf amakonda kusaka amodzi kapena mapasa. Koma posaka nyama yayikulu ikhoza kuphatikizidwa pagulu. Potere, maudindo amagawidwa, ngati mimbulu. Pali omenya angapo omwe amatengera gulu la nkhosalo ndikuwathetsa ndikuwathamangitsa.
Nthawi zina coyote amasaka limodzi ndi ma badger. Uwu ndi mgwirizano wopambana kwambiri, chifukwa mbuto imathyola mabowo momwe umatha kubisalamo kapena kubisala, ndipo coyote amadza mosavuta ndikupha. Ma Coyotes ndi achikulire kwambiri, othamanga komanso odumpha bwino. Amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino komanso mawonekedwe okongola.
Nyama zazikulu zimakhala ndi malo awo osaka. Pakatikati pa gawoli panali malo osangalatsawo omwe amadyera. Malire a malowa amalembedwa kawirikawiri ndi mkodzo.
Coyotes nthawi zambiri amalira mokweza. Mwanjira imeneyi, nyama zimalankhulirana, zimayitanitsa gulu losaka nyama, kudziwitsa amzake kuti ali kudera lachilendo, ndikuyitanitsa wamkazi. Usiku kumamanda aku America, kulira kumangokhala komweko, kuthamangitsa alendo osawadziwa. Akatswiri akuyesera kuzindikira ndi kusintha masanjidwe amawu kuti amvetsetse bwino nyama zomwe zimawonedwa.
Njira ya moyo
Ambiri mwa anthu odyerawa amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri. Koma pali anthu osakwatira komanso mabanja. A nkhandwe ya ku America yokhazokha imapanga magulu m'malo omwe kuli zinyama zambiri ndi chakudya chochuluka. Gulu limakhala ndi anthu asanu ndi mmodzi, asanu ndi awiri, awiri mwa iwo ndi makolo, ndipo ena onse ndi aang'ono.
Chifukwa china chopanga magulu ndikuchepa kwa masewera ochepa. Pankhaniyi, cholinga cha gululo ndi kusaka nyama zikuluzikulu, zomwe zokha zomwe coyote zimalephera kupirira.
Maukwati a nkhandwe ndi okhazikika. Amakhala limodzi zaka zambiri, popanda kusokonezedwa ndi anzawo. Nthawi zambiri, banja limakhala limodzi moyo wawo wonse.
Kukwatira kumachitika nthawi yozizira, kuyambira Januware mpaka February. Akazi a Coyote ndi ochulukirapo. Ana amatha kukhala ndi ana aang'ono 5 mpaka 19. Mimba ili pafupi miyezi itatu. Kubadwa kumachitika pabalaza lalikulu la banja, koma banja lirilonse limakhala ndi malo angapo pangozi. Mabowo kapena akanjowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pangozi. Wamphongo amasamalira mkazi ndi ana ake, amapeza chakudya ndikulondera nyumba. Meadow Wolf ndi kholo losamala. Akugwira ntchito yolera ana agalu limodzi ndi amayi ake. Amuna achikulire amakhala moyo wodziimira pawokha, ndipo akazi amakhala ndi makolo awo.
Kutchire, anyani amatha kukhala zaka zopitilira khumi, ndipo m'ndende nthawi yawo yayitali imakhala yayitali. Maanja ena m'malo osungira nyama adakhalako zaka 15-16.
Nthano ndi nthano
Red Wolf, chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe ake omwe adawonetsedwa kuti mumawaganizira, ndiwodziwika bwino mu nthano za mafuko ambiri aku India aku North America. Izi ndizosewera komanso zoyipa zomwe zimapanga zanzeru zazing'ono kuti zisawonongeke, koma chifukwa chosangalatsa. Otchulidwa oterowo amatchedwa achifwamba, kutanthauza milungu yonyenga, kapena anthanthi zakale zomwe sizidziwa udindo wawo chifukwa cha ma prank awo.
M'mafuko ena aku India, mimbulu yolumikizana ndi mulungu yemwe amasuntha asodzi, ankhondo, ndi okonda. Amwenyewo adati mulunguyu ndi wamatsenga wamkulu. Ndipo mafuko ena adasala nthano zakuti "galu waumulungu" pamasewerawa adapanga anthu mwangozi kuchokera m'matope ndi magazi awo. Amwenye aku North America sanasakire coyote, chifukwa amawaona kuti ndi nyama.
Mutu
Dzinali limachokera ku dzina la Aztec coyotl, "galu waumulungu." Dzinalo Lachilatini (Canis latrans) pamtunduwu limatanthawuza "galu wokuwa". Dzina lina la mitunduyi ndi nkhandwe. M'zaka zonse za m'ma 1900 mpaka 20 zapitazo Mayina "galu wopunduka", "nkhandwe yaku North America", "nkhandwe yaku America", "meal nkhandwe", "nkhandwe yaying'ono" ndi "nkhandwe yamtchire" adagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Mawonekedwe
Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi 75 - 100 cm, mchirawo umakhala pafupifupi 30 cm, kutalika kwake kumafota pafupifupi 50 cm. Ubweya wake ndi wokulirapo kuposa wa nkhandwe, utoto nthawi zambiri umakhala wofiyira, wa imvi, wamtambo kapena wamchenga. Kum'mwera komwe munthu amakhala. Nthawi zina opanga ma monlin amapezeka kumpoto kwa masanjidwewo. Albino pakati pa coyotes sichinalembedwe.
Kulemera kwa ma coyotes ndi kuyambira 9-13 kg kum'mwera kwa mulingo, mpaka 18-21 kg kumpoto. Kulemera kwakukulu komwe kungakhalepo kwamunthu wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi 33.6 kg. Monga lamulo, ma coyote amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri, palinso anthu amodzi ndi gulu laling'ono (nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi kumpoto kwa mtunduwo). Ma Coyotes amadziwika ndi otsika kwambiri mwamphamvu kwambiri a intraspecific (zolimba zomwe sizisoweka kwambiri pakati pa ma coyotes siali nkhondo yeniyeni, koma,, kuwopseza omwe angatsutse).
Zizolowezi
Coyote amadziwika kuti ndi zigwa lotsegulidwa ndi zipululu. Nthawi zambiri amathamangira kunkhalango. Zimachitika m'malo osiyidwa kapena kunja kwa mizinda ikulu ngati Los Angeles. Amasinthasintha mosavuta pamtunda wopangidwa ndi anthu. Khalidwe lawo nthawi yamadzulo kwambiri. Mu biocenoses of the prairie coyote amakhala m'malo ofanana ndi nkhandwe mu biocenoses ya Old World. Coyote ndiwosangalatsa komanso wosasamala chakudya. Komabe, 90% yazakudya zake zimapangidwa ndi chakudya chanyama: mavu, akalulu, agalu otetezedwa, nkhuni zamatchire ndi agologolo pansi (ku Canada), makoswe ochepa. Imakhala ndi ma skunk, ma raccoon, zonyansa, zotheka ndi ma bea, zimadya mbalame (pheasants), tizilombo. Nthawi zina nkhandwe ndi lynx yokhala ndi tsitsi lofiira zimatha kuwonekeranso pa "menyu" wa coyote. Coyote amasambira bwino ndikugwira nyama zam'madzi - nsomba, achule ndi zatsopano. Nkhosa zakunyumba, mbuzi, mbidzi zamtchire ndi pronghorn sizimawombedwa kawirikawiri. Zowopsa pa anthu ndizosowa kwambiri - kwa zaka pafupifupi 200 zakufufuza zasayansi, ziwonetsero ziwiri zokha za anthu omwe adapha zidalembedwa (mu 1984 ku USA ndi 2009 ku Canada, milandu yonseyi idali yoteteza khola ndi ana ang'ono pamilandu pomwe munthu adayimilira zenizeni kuwopseza moyo ndi thanzi la achichepere). Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, amadya zipatso, zipatso ndi mtedza mosangalatsa. Madera akumpoto nthawi yachisanu, amasinthana ndi kudya kanyama, kumatsata gulu la anthu osapembedza, kudya nyama zakugwa ndi kupha nyama zofooka. M'matawuni, nthawi zina kukumba zinyalala.
Agalu “akusewera kwambiri” kwambiri kuposa agalu onse amtchire, coyote amatha kudumphira 2-4 m ndipo amathamanga kuthamanga kwa 40-50 km / h, pamtunda wochepa kwambiri umakhala othamanga mpaka 65 km / h. Imatha kuyenda mtunda wautali, kusaka pafupifupi 4 km pausiku. Mwina coyote ali ndi ziwalo zapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa mphamvu zonse za canine: amawona patali mpaka 200 m, chimodzimodzi usiku ndi usiku. Kuphatikiza apo, coyote ndiye "womveka kwambiri" pakati pa zolengedwa zoyimilira ku North America: kukuwa kwake ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pamapiriwo.
Adani akuluakulu achilengedwe ndi phokoso komanso nkhandwe. M'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, mdani wamkulu wa ma coyotes anali munthu (nsonga ya kuphulika kwa ma coyotes idachitika m'ma 1950 ndi 1970s). Coyote salekerera kupezeka kwa nkhandwe yofiira, mpikisano wake wa chakudya, pagawo lake. Nthawi zina coyote amawoloka ndi agalu am'nyumba ndi mimbulu yofiira, ndipo nthawi zina ndi mimbulu imvi. Tili mu ukapolo, tidakwanitsanso kudutsa coyote ndi nkhandwe yaku Asia (munthawi yachilengedwe, madera a nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe sizigwira).
Habitat ndi subspecies
Coyote pano amagawidwa kuchokera ku Alaska kumpoto kupita ku Panama ndi Guatemala kumwera. M'nthawi ya ayezi, ankakhala ku Far East ku Eurasia, Eastern ndi Central Siberia (koma m'maderawa adamwalira).
Pali masamba 20 a nkhokwe (19 yamoyo ndi 1 yosowa):
- C. l. cagottis: mexan coyote
- C. l. clepticus: coyote San Pedro Martira (California)
- C. l. dickeyi: salvador coyote
- C. l. frustor: Kummwera chakum'mawa kwa Coyote (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Mussuri ndi Arkansas)
- C. l. goldmani: belize coyote
- C. l. hondurensis: honduran coyote
- C. l. incavidus: coyote Durango (Mexico)
- C. l. incolatus: kumpoto (Alaskan) coyote (Yukon, Alaska, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Canada, kumpoto kwa Alberta)
- C. l. jamesi: coyote wa pachilumba cha tiburon
- C. l. latrans: lowoy coyote (Great Plains to Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan to New Mexico kumwera, ndi Texas)
- C. l. mayes: phiri (Canada) coyote (Briteni, Alberta, Utah ndi Nevada)
- C. l. mearnsi: coyote of Mearnes (kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Colorado, kumwera ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Utah, kumpoto kwa Mexico)
- C. l. microdon: coyote Rio Grande (kumwera kwa Texas ndi kumpoto kwa Mexico)
- C. l. ochropus: California Valley Coyote (California ndi Sierra Nevada)
- C. l. peninsulae: Peninsular Coyote (California)
- C. l. zovala: malo opera coyote (zovala, kumpoto kwa mexico watsopano, kumpoto chakum'mawa)
- C. l. thamnos: kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa coyote (Saskatchewan, Ontario, Indiana ndi Missouri)
- C. l. umpquensis: kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa coyote (Washington ndi Oregon)
- C. l. vigilis: Colimian coyote (Mexico)
- C. l. lepofagus (wotsirizika): Erasian coyote (ankakhala ku Pleistocene ku Far East, Eastern ndi Central Siberia)
Uwu ndiye mndandanda wosakwanira. . Iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti pali kusiyana kotani pakati pamasamba amtundu uliwonse. |
- Eastern coyote (Canis latrans x Canis lycaon) - wosakanizidwa wa coyote ndi mmbulu wakummawa.
- Coyvol (Canis latrans x Canis lupus) ndi wosakanizidwa wa coyote ndi nkhandwe ya imvi.
- Coyotes (Canis latrans x Canis lupus Famaris) - wosakanizidwa ndi coyote ndi galu
- Koyotoshakal (Canis latrans x Canis aureus) - wosakanizidwa wosakanizika wa coyote ndi nkhandwe yaku Asia
Chiyambi
Coyote johnston | |
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Sayansi mutu | Canis lepophagus |
North America (msewu wapakati)
Coyote ndi mtundu wina wa Pliocene (preglacial). Mwanthawi yake momwe zidakhalira zaka pafupifupi 2.5 miliyoni zapitazo. Kholo lamakedzana amakono ndi coyote (Canis lepophagus) yemwe adachokera zaka 10 miliyoni ndi 10.3 zapitazo. Anamwalira zaka pafupifupi 1.8 miliyoni zapitazo. Pafupifupi zaka 2,5 zapitazo, zolengedwa zake, zamakono, zopatuka ndi John's coyote. Dzina lachi Latin Canis lepophagus amatanthauzira kuti "akudya galu" (kuchokera kumapeto. lepus - "hare" ndi phagus - "kuwononga").
Poona zotsalira, cholengedwa cha a Johnston chinali chofanana kwambiri ndi mbadwa zake zamakono, koma chimadziwika ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi chigaza chachikulu. Malinga ndi kukonzanso kwa paleontologists, kulemera kwakukulu kwa Johnston coyote kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 35-40 kg, pomwe kulemera kwa ma coyote amakono kunali kolemera kuyambira 9 mpaka 21 kg.
Mu nthano
Mu nthano ndi zipembedzo za Amwenye aku North America, coyote ndi nyama yopatulika, yokonda kuyambira yomwe idachokera kwa Mulungu. Nthawi zambiri, mulungu wa Coyote ndi mmodzi mwa milungu ya pantheon. Ku Navajo Coyote (Atshekhaske, Svarlivets Woyamba) ndiye mlengi, mulungu wa dziko lamkati, komanso chikondi, kuvina ndi nkhondo, woyambitsa ufiti, yemwe amadziwika kuti sanalowererepo mmbali mwa chabwino-Choyipa ("Pamalo a milungu, pomwe wabwino amakhala ndi mbali yakumwera, ndi yoyipa - mbali yakumpoto, Coyote amakhala pakhomo, motero atha kulowa nawo mbali mbali zonse ziwiri "- iyi ndi imodzi mwa nthano za Navajo. Crow Coyote ali ndi Mlengi komanso mulungu wamkulu.
M'mafuko ambiri aku India, kusaka nyama yosaka nyama, ngati nyama yopatulika ndi totem, ndi njira yabwino. Malinga ndi zikhulupiriro za Native American, ndi ma shaman okha omwe amatha kukhudza khungu la chinyama chakufa osavulaza, ena onse adzalandira temberero chifukwa chomunyoza.
M'mafuko ambiri, mbalamezi zimakhalanso zoyamba kubadwa padziko lapansi.
Mu nthano ya ku Native American, chithunzi cha "coyote" chimapanga chilengedwe chonse. Coyote, malinga ndi nthano ya ku Native American, ndiye cholengedwa choyambirira padziko lapansi. Adzakhala cholengedwa chokha chomwe chidzapulumuka ngakhale mathedwe adziko lapansi. Malinga ndi nthano yakale ya Native American - "cholengedwa chidzakhala chamoyo chomaliza padziko lapansi. Njati zitatha, mwamunayo amazimiririka, ndipo dziko lapansi limagona mumdima. Ndipo mumdima wadzuwa, kuyimbira kwamuyaya kwa anyaniwa kudzamveka. "