Mvuu wamba kapena mvuu ndi chinyama chochokera ku ma artiodactyls, masanjidwe a nkhumba (osakhala chowala), mabanja a mvuu. Ndiwo mitundu yokha yamtundu wake. Chizindikiro cha nyamayo chimagona m'moyo wawo wam'madzi: kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo makamaka m'madzi, mvuu zimangopita kumtunda kokha chakudya. Hippos nthawi zambiri amakhala m'madzi oyera, omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri munyanja.

Kufotokozera kwa m'chiuno

Mvuu ndi imodzi mwazinyama zazikulu kwambiri. Kulemera kwa amuna ndi pafupifupi 1600 kg, kwa akazi chiwerengerochi ndi 1400 kg. Kutalika kumafikira 1.65 m. Kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera 3 mpaka 5 mita.

Mvuu ndiyosatheka kusokoneza nyama iliyonse chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake. Mpheto zazikulu ngati mbiya zimaphatikizidwa ndi miyendo yayifupi yotalikirapo, yomwe ndiyifupi kwambiri kuti m'mimba imatsala pang'ono kugwira pansi ndikuyenda. Mutuwo ndi waukulu kwambiri, wamakona pachimake, kulemera kwake mpaka 900 kg. Khosi limakhalanso lalifupi, lofowoka. Maso ndi ang'ono, matope amtundu. Mphuno yake ndi yotakata. Makutu ndi ang'ono, akumayenda, nyama imatha kuthamangitsa mbalame ndi tizilombo. Mphuno, maso ndi makutu zakwezedwa ndipo zili mu ndege yomweyo, ndikokwanira kuti mvuu itulutsire mutu pamadzi kuti ipume, kuyang'ana ndikumva.

Phokoso lakutsogolo lakutidwa ndi vibrissae. Nsagwada 60-70 cm mulifupi.Mkamwa umatha kutseguka kwambiri. Pa miyendo, zala zinayi zolumikizidwa ndi nembanemba. Mchirawo ndi waufupi, wofikira kumapeto.

Mtundu wa mvuu ndi yofiirira komanso yotuwa yapinki. Khungu lozungulira maso ndi makutu ndi pinki. Msana nthawi zambiri umakhala wamdima ndipo m'mimba limakhala lofiirira. Khungu limakhala pafupifupi 4 cm.

Zojambula Zamphamvu za Hippo

Mahipu ndi herbivores. Chakudya chawo chimapangidwa ndi zitsamba zam'madzi zoyandikira ndi nthaka. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti samadya zomera zam'madzi. Mvuu zimadyera pamtunda, ndipo "kudula" udzu pansi pazu. Wachikulire amadya kuchokera ku 40 mpaka 70 kg wazakudya patsiku.

Pakudya msipu, mvuu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi anthu ena, ngakhale zimakonda kuweta ng'ombe. Pamodzi, akazi okhaokha omwe ali ndi ana amuna nthawi zonse amadya. Mahipu samapita patali kuposa 3 km kuchokera kumadzi kufunafuna chakudya.

Posachedwa, pakhala kudziwikanso za vuto lodana ndi mvuu, kuukira kwa mbawala, mbawala, ng'ombe.

Chiwopsezo chinafalikira

Tsopano mvuu zimagawidwa makamaka ku sub-Saharan Africa, kupatula Madagascar. Pofika mchaka cha 2008, kontinentiyo idachokera pa anthu 125 mpaka 150,000, ndipo mwatsoka, chiwerengerochi chikucheperachepera. Ambiri mwa mvuu amakhala kum'mawa ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Malawi, Malawi). Kumpoto kwa Africa, kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi kochepa kwambiri (Senegal, Guinea-Bissau).

Mafupia wamba

Mvuu wamba ndi mtundu umodzi womwe mitundu yofananayi imasiyanitsidwa:

• Mvuu amphibius amphibius - mtundu wamba, wokhala ku Sudan, Ethiopia ndi kumpoto kwa Congo,

• H.a.kiboko - opezeka ku Somalia ndi Kenya,

• H.a.capensis - amakhala kumwera kwa Africa, kuyambira ku Zambia mpaka ku South Africa,

• H.a.tschadensis - yogawidwa kumadzulo kwa kontinenti,

• H.a.constrictus ndi wokhala ku Angola ndi Namibia.

Mchiuno achimuna ndi achikazi: kusiyana kwakukulu

Kujambula kwamanyazi mu mvuu sikuwonekeratu. Akazi ndi ocheperako poyerekeza ndi amuna pafupifupi 10%, mitu yawo ilinso yaying'ono. Wamphongo wamwamuna wamwamuna wamwamuna amapezekanso bwino ndi ma fangs, ndichifukwa chake mumps wamtundu ulipo pa nkhope.

Khalidwe la m'chiuno

Mvuu zimakhala pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa madzi abwino. Itha kukhala mitsinje yayikulu kapena nyanja, kapena nyanja zazing'ono. Zinthu zofunika kwa iye, kuti athe kulolera gulu lonse, osati kuwuma chaka chonse. Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa malo omwe kuli udzu pafupi ndi dziwe ndikofunikira kwa nyama. Panthawi yomwe zinthu zikuipiraipira, mvuu zimatha kusamukira kumalo ena osungirako, komabe sizodziwika ndi maulendo ataliatali.

Moyo wa m'chiuno uli ndi mbiri yabwino yozungulira. Masana, nyama zimakhala m'madzi, momwe zimagona, mitu yawo ikatuluka, ndipo zimadyera usiku.

Amuna achikulire omwe alibe abambo awo amakhala amodzi nthawi imodzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amamangana kunja. Kulimbana koteroko ndikutali komanso kwankhanza, nyama zimatha kuvulaza wina ndi mzake mpaka kufa. Mahippo pagombe amakhala ankhanza kwambiri. Sakonda anthu oyandikana nawo ndipo amathamangitsa alendo onse osawadziwa, kuphatikizapo ma rhinos ndi njovu. Kutalika kwamphongo wamwamuna wamkulu ndi 50-100 mita pamtsinje ndi 250-500 mita pagombe.

Nyama ikatuluka m'madzi ndikupita kukadyetsa, imagwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyo. M'dothi lofewa, njira zoterezi zimakhala zazitali komanso zowzama, mawonekedwe owonekera. Nyama imayendayenda pamiyendo. Kuthamanga kwakukulu mpaka 30 km / h.

Kuphatikiza pa amuna amodzi okha, mvuu zimapanga gulu la anthu 20-30, ndipo achichepere, amuna osakhwima amasungidwa ndi magulu a abambo.

Ma Hippos ali ndi njira yolankhulirana bwino kwambiri, mothandizidwa ndi ma siginidwe osiyanasiyana amatha kufotokoza zoopsa, kuchita zachiwawa ndi zina. Phokoso nthawi zambiri limabangula. Liwu lalikulu la mvuu, mpaka ma decibel 110, limatengedwa kutali ndi madzi. Mvuu ndiyo nyama yokha yomwe imapanga mawu, pamtunda komanso pamadzi.

Ndipo nyamazo zimatanganidwa kwambiri kupopera utoto wawo ndi mkodzo, womwe umathandizira polemba gawo ndikulankhulana.

Kubzala m'chiuno

Akazi achi Hippo amakhala okhwima pazaka 7-15, amuna amuna azaka 6 mpaka 14. M'gulu lankhosa, amuna okhaokha amuna ndi akazi otchuka. Nyengo yakuswana ndi nyengo. Kukalamba kumachitika kawiri pachaka, mu February ndi August. Ng'ombe zimabadwa nthawi yamvula. Nthawi yokhala ndi pakati ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Asanabadwe, yaikazi imasiya ng'ombe, nthawi zambiri imabereka m'madzi. Pali zinyalala chimodzi mu zinyalala, zolemera 27 mpaka 50 makilogalamu, kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 1 m ndi kutalika mpaka 50. Pambuyo pobala, wamkazi amakhala ndi mwana kwa masiku 10 oyamba mpaka atafika pamadzi. Kuyamwitsa kumatenga miyezi 18.

Adani achilengedwe a Hippo

Mahipu alibe adani achilengedwe ochulukirapo. Mikango ndi ng’ona za Nailo ndizowopsa kwa iwo. Koma kwa zilombozi, abambo akuluakulu ndi ovuta kudya, popeza ndiakulu, olimba komanso okhala ndi mikondo yayitali. Akazi akateteza ana, amakwiya kwambiri komanso amakhala olimba. Ngati ana asiyidwa osasamalidwa, ndiye kuti amakankhidwa ndi ma hyenas, nyalugwe ndi agalu onenepa. Kuphatikiza apo, achinyamata ang'onoang'ono a ng'ombe atha kufa mwangozi.

Zovuta zimakhudza mkhalidwe wa chiwerengero cha mvuu, makamaka amuna. Chiwerengero chake chikucheperachepera chifukwa cha kupha nyama pofuna kupeza nyama ndi mafupa, komanso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo achilengedwe azinyama. Vutoli limayenderana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu aku Africa, komanso malo omwe akukhalamo zofunikira paulimi, nthawi zambiri malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja momwe timadyere timakhala ndi kudya amatsegulidwa. Kuthirira, kumanga madamu ndi kusintha munjira ya mitsinje kumakhudzanso anthu omwe ali pamtunduwu.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za mvuu

• Monga imodzi mwazinyama zazikulu zamakono zamtunduwu (kulemera kwakukulu kumafikira matani 4), mvuu zimapikisana ndi ma rhinos malo achiwiri mwanjira iyi pambuyo pa njovu. Ndipo achibale apafupi kwambiri kwa iwo ndi anamgumi.
• Kuyambira kale, nyama yodziwika bwino ya mvuu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu okhala ku Africa. Mafangayi a Hippo ndiofunikiranso, omwe ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa njovu. Ku Africa, kusaka mikoko yopatsa njuchi kumaloledwa, koma kupha anthu kukukula.
• Mvuu zimakhala zogona pafupipafupi ndi malo osungira nyama padziko lapansi, mu ukapolo zimapulumuka mokwanira, zomwe zingathenso njira yotetezera zachilengedwe.