Akamba ndi amodzi mwa anthu akale kwambiri padziko lapansi pano omwe sanachitire umboni za kufa kwa ma dinosaurs, komanso mawonekedwe awo. Zambiri mwa zophimbidwa ndi zotchinga zanyengozi zimakhala mwamtendere ndipo sizivulaza konse. Koma pali ena mwa akamba ndi anthu ankhanza kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimatha kuwonetsa nkhwawa ndi caiman kapena, monga amatchedwanso ku America, kamba woluma.
Mawonekedwe
Kutalika kwa nyama za nyamazi kumayambira 20 mpaka 47 cm. Kulemera kwa akanjedza aku cayman kumatha kufika mpaka 15 mpaka kilogalamu 30, komabe, makamaka zazikulu zimapezeka mosadziwika pakati pa oimira amtunduwu. Kwenikweni, akamba oterewa amalemera kuyambira 4.5 mpaka 16 kg. Chosangalatsa ichi chikuwoneka bwino: chimakhala ndi thupi lodzaza ndi miyendo yamphamvu komanso yolimba, koma mutu wake, siwakulu, pafupifupi mawonekedwe. Maso, atasunthira pafupi ndi malekezero, ndi ochepa koma m'malo mwake amawonekera. Mphuno nazonso ndi zazing'ono komanso zosaonekera.
Koma nsagwada za phokoso la cayman ndizodabwitsa kwambiri komanso zamphamvu. Chifukwa cha iwo, nyamayi imatha kugwira ndikugwira nyama, ndipo nsagwada yomweyo imalasa mabala owopsa pamunthu amene amafuna kuseka kapena kumuwombera. Pamwamba pa torayiseshell pamtambo wakuda ndi wakuda ndipo amapanga mizere itatu ya keel, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwoneka ngati agawidwa mikwingwirima itatu yopumira. Poterepa, kumtunda kwa mizere imakhazikika pamwamba pa chigobacho.
Kachigawo kameneka ka nkhonozi nthawi zambiri kamakutidwa ndi matope, matope ndipo nthawi zambiri zipolopolo zimakhazikika. Izi zimathandiza kamba kuti amasaka, ndikupanga kubisalira kwina kwa iyo. Kamba wa cayman atagona pansi, atakwiriridwa ndi silt, sizivuta kuzindikira, ndiponso, chithunzi chake chimaphimbidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira wa tina kuti ugwirizane ndi zamadzi zam'madzi, ndipo zipolopolo zazing'ono zazing'ono zimatha kuwoneka pa carapace, amatchedwa, point blank. Gawo lam'munsi mwa chigombachi ndilaching'ono, lopanda mawonekedwe.
Kumbuyo, pamphepete mwa chigoba cha carapace, pamakhala timitengo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ngati mano. Mchirawo ndi wautali komanso wopanda minyewa; kutalika kwake ndi theka la thupi la nyama. Pansi pake ndiwowoneka bwino komanso yayikulu, chakumapeto imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri komanso ndikadaku. Pamwamba ndi yokutidwa ndi mizere ya spiky mafupa. Pamutu ndi khosi mulinso mamba omwe ali ngati ma spikes, ngakhale ali ochepa ngati mchira. Malingaliro a cholengedwa chija ndi ofanana ndi miyendo ya njovu: ndi yamphamvu chimodzimodzi ndipo imafanana ndi mizati yayikulu yomwe thupi lalikulu ndi chida chaching'ono chikupuma poyerekeza ndi icho.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwachilengedwe, ndizovuta kupeza anthu amtunduwu omwe amalemera kuposa 14 kg. Koma ali mu ukapolo chifukwa cha kuledzera kwakanthawi, akamba ena aku cayman amafika kulemera kwama 30 kg kapena kupitilira apo.
Mtundu wamtunduwu uli ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu komanso zamphamvu. Koma kamba wa caiman samazigwiritsa ntchito ngakhale podziteteza kwa adani, komanso, ngati chida chowukira. Mothandizidwa ndi iwo, amangokumba kapena mchenga, ndipo nthawi zambiri sagwira nyama yomwe agwira kale. Mtundu wakhungu ndi imaso zachikasu, nthawi zambiri ndimtambo wonyezimira. Nthawi yomweyo, mutu, komanso kumtunda kwa khosi, thunthu, miyendo ndi mchira, zimapakidwa utoto wakuda kwambiri, ndipo pansi ndi kopepuka, achikaso.
Moyo, machitidwe
Ufulu wa Cayman umatsogolera moyo wam'madzi, ndipo nthawi yambiri amakhala m'madzi. Mutha kukumana ndi nyamazi kuyambira Epulo mpaka Novembala, zikagwidwa. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kuzizira, akambuku awa ngakhale nthawi yozizira amatha kuyenda pansi pa ayezi ndipo amatha kukwawa pamwamba pake ngati pakufunika.
Anapiye a Cayman amakonda kupuma, atagona pamadzi osaya, atakwiriridwa ndi silt ndipo nthawi zina amangotsitsa mitu yawo kunja kwa madzi pakhosi lawo lalitali kuti amize mpweya wabwino. Samakhala pamwamba posungiramo kawirikawiri; amakonda kukhala pansi. Koma m'mphepete mwa zokwawa izi mumatha kuziwona, makamaka panthawi yomwe akupita pamtunda kuti akaikire mazira.
M'nyengo yozizira, akamba a caiman amakhala pansi pa chimbale, atakwiriridwa ndi silika ndipo amabisala pakati pamadzi am'madzi. Komanso, modabwitsa, anthu amtunduwu omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa mitundu yawo sangathe kupuma nthawi yonse pomwe ayezi amasungidwa mumtsinje kapena nyanja. Pakadali pano, amalandira mpweya kudzera pakupuma kwa extrapulmonary.
Nthawi zambiri izi zimabweretsa kuti pofika nthawi ya kasupe turtle amakhala ndi hypoxia, ndiye kuti, kuperewera kwa mpweya m'thupi. Pofika pamtunda, nyama izi zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali zikafunika kusamukira kumadzi ena kapena kamba amasankha malo abwino oti angaikire mazira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Asayansi pakuyesayesa anapeza kuti akamba amphaka amatha kudziwa mphamvu yapadziko lapansi, motero amatha kuyenda mu mlengalenga osasokera njira yomwe asankha.
Fulu la caiman ndiwokhawa pokhapokha ngati kuli koyenera: ikhoza kuluma ngati agwidwa kapena kuyamba kuseka, koma, monga lamulo, sikuti koyamba kuukira popanda chifukwa. Zikatero, nyama yotsogola imaponyera mutu wake kutsogolo, kenako ndikuchenjeza mdani yemwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu ndikusemphana ndi nsagwada. Ngati satembenuka, ndiye kuti kuluma kwawoko kulidi.
Fulu la Caiman nthawi zambiri limagwira anthu osalowerera ndale, kukhala ndi chidwi ndikuwonetsetsa zochita zawo. Koma nthawi zina zitha kuwonetsa chidwi, mwachitsanzo, kwa munthu wosamba. Zichitika kuti zokwawa izi zimasambira kwa anthu ndikupukutira nkhope zawo kumaso. Ngati munthu akuchita mantha ndipo wayamba kupanga phokoso, ndiye kuti nyamayo ikhoza kuchita mantha ndikuwonetsa mkwiyo, poganiza kuti mlendo amuopseza. Ngati nyama zothimbirira zimakhala mu ukapolo, ndiye kuti sizimakonda mwini wake, ndipo nthawi zina zimatha kupsa mtima ngakhale, ameteurs omwe ali nawo m'nyumba zawo akuwona kuti akamba amtundu wa Caiman ndi omvera ndipo amatha ngakhale phunzirani kuchita zanzeru.
Komabe, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo chodziyimira pawokha komanso chokayikira, akamba a cayman amatha kuluma ngakhale mwini wawo ngati akuganiza kuti zomwe mwini wakewo angawakhumudwitse. Mukasunga nyama izi, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kamba wa cayman ali ndi khosi lalitali komanso losunthika komanso kuyankha kwabwino kwambiri, chifukwa chake amatha kuponyera mutu wake kuchokera pansi pa chigamba ndi liwiro la mphezi chifukwa chake sikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutenge chokwawa m'manja.
Kufotokozera
Fulu la Cayman ali ndi mutu waukulu wokhala ndi nsagwada zamphamvu. Ufulu umatha kuluma mosavuta mafupa ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikizapo kulumidwa ndi chala cha munthu. Kamba wolira amakhala ndi antenna wofowoka chonchi pa chibwano 1, ma tubercles osalala a pakhosi ndi miyendo.
Kutalika kwa chipolopolo cha funi ya cayman ndi 20-36 cm (kutalika mpaka 49.4 cm), kulemera kwa 4.5-16 kg (mpaka 34 kg). Carapax yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtundu wa bulauni yokhala ndi mawonekedwe pa scutellum iliyonse mwa achinyamata, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakutidwa ndi algae ndi silt, imakhala ndi mizere itatu ya keel osatchulika kolimba, yokhazikitsidwa kumchira. Zithunzithunzi za keel yapakati pamagalasi a vertebral amapezeka pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwake. Mbali yakumanzere ya carapace ndi sawtooth. Chishango chaching'ono (pulasitiki) sichikuphimba malekezero a turtle. Mtundu wachikasu, nthawi zina wakuda, wocheperako komanso wokhala ndi mawonekedwe. Amphongo ndiakulu kuposa zazikazi, bowo lawo loyipa limasunthidwa kumbuyo kuposa wamkazi, kupitirira m'mphepete mwa carapace. Komanso, pulasitala ya amuna ndi yaying'ono komanso yopanda milatho.
Chifukwa chakuti thupi lalikulu la ufulu wa cayman silimakwanira pansi pa chigobacho, mutu, khosi komanso mchira wautali nthawi zonse umakhala wotseguka. Chifukwa chake, amatetezedwa ndi ma spikes amphamvu a nyanga. Mchira ndi kutalika kofanana ndi carapace. Ili ndi keel yotsekera, yopangidwa ndi mizere itatu kapena kuposerapo pamafupa, yayikulu kwambiri mzere wapakati. Milozo zokulitsidwa pambuyo pake pamchira ndizotuluka pang'ono. Pali zotuluka zambiri pakhosi. Miyendoyo ndi yakuda pamtunda ndipo chikasu pansipa, yokutidwa ndi masamba akutali ambiri. Zala zakuda ndizosalala.
Habitat
Mwachilengedwe, malo okhala ufulu wa cayman ndi madera akumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa USA ndi Canada. Komanso kamba'yu adabweretsa ku China, Japan, Taiwan. Ku USA, mtunduwu umakwera m'mapiri mpaka kutalika kwa 2000m pamwamba pa nyanja. Kambukuyu amakonda matupi amadzi abwino okhala ndi masamba ochulukirapo komanso pansi pamatope, koma amathanso kupezeka m'madzi oterera. Ufulu wa Cayman suchepa kwambiri kutentha, nthawi zambiri umakhalabe wachangu ngakhale nthawi yozizira. Imatsogolera kukhala moyo wam'madzi, nthawi zina umakonda kupumula pamapanga ofunda, nthawi zambiri umabisala pamata, pomwe maso ndi mphuno zimatuluka. Nthawi zambiri amakhala nthawi m'madzi osaya, koma amatha kulowa pansi mwamtendere, ndikukhalako kwakanthawi.
Kutetezedwa
Zima nthawi yozizira imabisidwa hibernation, kuyikidwa m'manda, kumabisala pakati pa zinyalala kapena m'nyumba zamkati, nthawi zina ngakhale pamtunda. Akamba a Cayman amalowa mu iyo kumapeto kwa Okutobala ndipo adzuka mu Epulo. Nthawi zambiri amagona pafupi ndi pomwepo omwe amawapatsa mpweya. Dongosolo la hibernation liyenera kuzizira kaye komanso choyamba. Nthawi zina nthawi yozizira imakhala m'magulu ndipo ngakhale mitundu ina ya akamba. Akamba sachita kuzizira kwambiri ndipo kutentha kwawo kwa thupi kumatha kutsikira ngakhale ku 1-2 C, koma ngati kambukuyo angofa, ndiye kuti chifa. Kutentha kwa 5-7 ° C, akamba amasiyira kubisala kwawo ndikuyamba kudyetsa pa 15 ° C. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa iwo ndi 28 C.
Ngakhale kuti chifanikochi chimakana kuthana ndi kutentha kwa kutentha komanso kuwoneka kwa akamba oyenda akuyenda m'madzi pansi pa ayezi kapena kuwundana ndi ayezi, kukana kwake kuzizirala kunali kotsika poyerekeza ndi zolengedwa zina zakumpoto komanso kotentha. Akamba achichepere a cayman amagwera m'gulu la zolengedwa zam'madzi zomwe zimatha kupirira kutentha kwakanthawi 0 0 C, kuzizira kwa khungu ndi minofu ina yamkono, koma zimafa ngati kutentha kumakhala pansi pa 2 ° C kwa maola angapo ndikuzizira kwa ziwalo zamkati ndikuyenda kwam magazi. Zotsatira zabwino zopulumuka pomwe mazira a Chelydra snoka achichepere 60% opulumuka masiku atatu pa 2,5 ° C. [*]
Caiman akamba ndi omnivores. Amasaka m'mawa ndi madzulo, mwina usiku. Amadyetsa nsomba zonse zakufa ndi zatsopano, mbalame zazing'ono zam'madzi, ma invertebrates, njoka, amphibians, nyongolotsi, akambuku ang'ono, carrion, ndi zomera zam'madzi. Zomera zimapanga theka la chakudya mwa anthu wamba. Pakumangidwa, akamba amamadyetsedwa ndi masamba am'madzi ndi letesi, nsomba, nyama zazing'ono (mbewa, makoswe) ndi mbalame (nkhuku), komanso achule, mphutsi, tizilombo.
Ufuluwo umadikirira kuti udze ngati wabisidwa muntchire kapena zinyalala, kapena mosamala ndikusunthira modzidzimutsa, ndikupanga chiwembu chakuthwa komanso champhamvu ndi kugwidwa kwa wolasidwa ndi nsagwada zamphamvu.
Kuswana
Akavuni amakhala okhwima paubwenzi ali ndi zaka 17 - 20 ndi kutalika kwa plastiki kwa 14.5 cm kapena kupitilira. Nthawi zambiri, akazi amayenda pamtunda kupita kumalo osungira, komwe amakhala kutali ndi kwawo. Nthawi zambiri zazikazi zimapita kukafuna zisa ndi akamba ana nthawi yakukhazikika. Ufulu wa Cayman umatha kuyenda maulendo ataliitali m'madzi (makilomita awiri ndi atatu ndikubwerera kwa maola angapo) ndikufikira pamtunda - ndikumayikira mazira, kukhazikitsanso nyumba kapena kupeza chitsime chatsopano pamene cham'mbuyacho chadzaza ndi madzi.
Kubala kumatenga mwezi wa Epulo-Meyi mpaka Seputembara-Novembala, nsonga yayitali yadzala ndi mazira imagwera mu June. Amuna amakangana ndewu zambiri, pomweikazi imathanso kuvutika. Mwambo wapaubwenzi: Amuna ndi akazi amayandikira wina ndi mnzake pang'onopang'ono, akutsamira. Kenako amatha kuyimilira kwakanthawi, natambasulira makosi awo ndikugwirana ndi mphuno zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri mokhazikika amayang'ana mitu yawo mbali, mbali zosiyanasiyana. Kapenanso, amuna ndi akazi onse amawaza madzi m'mphuno, ndikupangitsa kuona. Mwana wamphongo atakhala kale pachikazi, amasunthira pamutu pake kapena kugwira ndikugwira khungu la khosi lake ndi nsagwada. Matenga amachitika pansi pa madzi.
Chizindikiro cha akamba awa ndi chakuti zazikazi zimatha kusunga umuna wamwamuna kwa zaka zingapo. Izi zimawathandiza kubereka ana akakonzeka.
Akazi amayikira mazira m'dothi lamchenga lopanda zomerazi ndi zinyalala zazomera. Akazi amatha nthawi yayitali kuti asankhe malo oti agonepo, ndipo posankha nthawi zambiri kwa zaka zambiri amangokhalira kuyikira mazira pamenepo. Mchisa, womwe ndi fossa wozungulira wokhala ndi kuya kwa 10-18 masentimita, mpaka 11-83 (nthawi zambiri 20-30) mazira ozungulira omwe amakhala ndi mulifupi wa 21-35 mm, wolemera 7-15 g kuyambira mbandakucha mpaka masana, akhoza kuyikidwa. Chisa chimakonda kukhala ngati chowiritsa ndi chopendekera pansi; kuchokera pansi, dzenje laling'ono limalowetsa m'chipinda cha dzira lomwe limakhala lakuya masentimita 10 mpaka 13. Kukula kwa chisa kumatengera kukula kwa chikazi. Ikagona, dzira lirilonse lomwe limatuluka m'chovala limalandira ndikulizungulira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, kenako ndikugona pansi pabalaza. Pambuyo pakuikira mazira, akamba a caiman samamasuka makamaka. Mazira otayidwa amatha kukanikizidwa ndikukhala ndi chikwama chachikulu cha mpweya. Pali gawo limodzi lokha mu nyengo.
Makulitsidwe, kutengera nyengo, kumatenga masiku 55-130. Kutentha kwa makulitsidwe ndi 25-30 C pa chinyezi cha 90%. Wet vermiculite pazowerengera 1: 1 ndi madzi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi mu chofungatira. Kugonana kwa kamba kumadalira kutentha kwa makulidwe. Kutentha kwa 20оС, 23-24 С amuna kuwaswa, pa 29-31 С - akazi okha. Kutentha kwa 21-28 - amuna ndi akazi. Kapena: akazi pamwamba 30 C ndi pansi 20 C, ndi amuna kuyambira 22 mpaka 28.
Kutalika kwa akambawalawa ndi masentimita 2,5 mpaka 2003. Ana amapitilira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala. M'malo otentha, akamba ankhandwe nthawi zambiri amakhalabe nthawi yachisanu yobisika. Ma buluku ang'onoang'ono komanso masamba obiriwira ambiri amakhala chakudya cha akambuku. Pamene akukula, kukula kwa kapangidwe kake kamakulirakulira.
Terrarium
Kuti musunge toro wa cayman, mufunika malo akuluakulu okhala ndi madzi okhala ndi turtle, koma malo otsika kwamadzi, kuti kamba amatha kupumira pansi. Kusefedwa kwamadzi koyenera ndikofunikira, pomwe kapangidwe kamadzi sikofunika kwambiri. Popeza akamba a cayman ndi olimba, amatha kukumba m'madzi onsewo, chifukwa chake simuyenera kubzala mbewu mmenemo. Koma dothi kapena dothi lamchenga ndizofunikira. Kambukuyu amatsogolera moyo wachisangalalo, chifukwa chake, kuti asunge kutentha kofunikira usiku, kuyatsa magetsi ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Ufulu umayenda pang'ono ndipo suyenda pamtunda, koma kupezeka kwa nthaka ndikofunikira. Kudyetsa nthenga za cayman ndi bwino kumachita padera. Ndikwabwino osagwiritsa ntchito magetsi otenthetsera madzi, kapena kuwapanga kuti asagoneke ndi akamba, omwe angawawononge. Chifukwa chaukali wamtunduwu, ndibwino kuti musasunge anthu opitilira 1-2 (a kukula kofanana komanso amuna ndi akazi osiyanasiyana) amtunduwu m'madzi.
Akamba amapita kukasamba dzuwa, koma amakhala nthawi yayitali komanso mthunzi. Mtundu wa UVI kwa iwo ndi 0,85-1.8 average, 2.0-5.2 maximum (2-3rd Ferguson zone). Masana maola chilimwe - maola 14, nthawi yozizira - maola 10. Kutentha kwamasiku masana 22-30 C ndi kutentha pansi pa nyali (potentha) 35 C.
Mu chilengedwe, cayman amasaka nyengo yachisanu pansi pa dziwe, ndipo ena ngakhale pamtunda. Kuzizira kumachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa Okutobala kapena kumayambiriro kwa Novembala mpaka Marichi-Epulo, pa kutentha kwa 5 ° C. Kutentha kukakwera pamwamba pa 8 ° C, akamba amadzuka. Kudya kumayambira pa kutentha pamwamba pa 15 C. Zoyerekezera zazing'ono zimatha kupanga popanda vuto kwa nthawi yozizira m'malo otentha.
M'chilimwe, kamba woluma amatha kusungidwa mu dziwe lotchingidwa ndi chilimwe.
Zina Zowonjezera
Akamba a Cayman ndi asodzi abwino kusambira, ena amatha kusambira kuchoka komwe amakhala komwe amakhala kwamtunda wa 2-3 km, kubwerera kumalo omwe amakhala kwawo atangotha maola ochepa. Padziko lapansi, kamba amayenda pang'onopang'ono komanso mosamala, ndikukweza thupi lake pamwamba.
Akambukuwa ndi ankhanza kwambiri ndipo amatha kuluma kwambiri ngati agwidwa kapena kusekeredwa. Ndikofunikira kuti mudzawatengere kumbuyo kwa carapace ndikuyigwira zolimba, kuwapatsa unyinji ndi mphamvu ya akambuku awa. Nthawi zambiri samazindikira munthu ndikumamuchitira chipongwe. Asanafike kuukira, phokoso la cayman limadzutsa kumbuyo kwa thupi ndikukonzekera kuponya mutu ndi pakamwa pake. Akamba amtchire amasungidwa kumbuyo kwa chigamba, miyendo yakumbuyo, achichepere osati olemera - ndi mchira. Nthawi zina chimfine chimatulutsa timadzi tatsitsi takuthwa tomwe timayendetsa khungu la inguinal.
Akamba aku cayman a ku Central ndi South America amapatulidwa mwakuthupi komanso mwabwinobwino (kusanthula kwa mitochondrial DNA) ndi osiyana kwambiri akambuku ochokera ku USA ndi Canada. Kuphatikiza apo, zimasiyana komanso zimakhala zamphamvu kuposa mitundu iwiri yaku North America, zomwe zimatilola kuti tizinena za mizere itatu ya akanjedza a cayman: Chelydra snokina, Ch. Rossignoni ndi Ch. acutirostris. Ngakhale morphologic Ch. Snake Snakech acutirostris ndi Ch. snakeina osceola - rossignoni.
Ndi akambuku angati achikale amakhala
M'malo abwinobwino, akambuku a caiman amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka zana, koma atakhala mu ukapolo izi, monga lamulo, zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 60 zokha. Osachepera zonsezi, izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti sizowonjezera nthawi zonse kukhazikitsa malo oyenera kwambiri awo kumalo othamangitsira kunyumba, popeza izi zobwezeretsa zimafunikira kusunga boma lotentha. Inde, komanso kuchulukitsa zokwawa, zomwe zimakonda kukhala mu ukapolo, sizimathandizanso kuti moyo wa akambuku wamba ukhale.
26.08.2019
Ufulu wa Cayman, kapena turtle yoluma (lat. Chelydra snakeina) ali ndi munthu wankhanza. Amakonda kuvutitsa anthu ndipo amatha kuvulaza kwambiri. Kuti adziteteze, amaluma nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito miyendo yolimba. Nyama iliyonse imalemera mpaka 30 kg ndipo imakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu. Komabe, milandu ya zala zolumidwa sizinalembedwe mwalamulo, mosiyana ndi mtundu wa alligator (Macrochelys temminckii).
Kudziteteza, amaponyera mutu wake pakhosi lalitali kupita kwa mdani. Ndikosavuta kuwona kuwukira kwake kosayembekezereka, ndipo ndi zizolowezi zake, nyama zothimbirazo m'njira zambiri zimafanana ndi caiman (Caiman).
Mchira wake wautali ndi wofanana ndi ng'ona, amampatsa kufanana ndi onse opanga.
Kufalitsa
Malo okhala amachokera kumadera akumwera kwa Canada kudutsa kum'mawa komanso pakati pa US mpaka Mexico ndi Ecuador. Kummwera, malire akumalire kudutsa zigawo zakumpoto za Peru ndi Colombia.
Fulu la Cayman limakhala makamaka m'madzi osaya mu nyanja, dziwe, mitsinje ndi mitsinje yomwe imayenda pang'onopang'ono. Imakonda matupi amadzi abwino okhala ndi nthaka yopanda kanthu komanso zomera zambiri za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nthawi zambiri, zokwawa zimawoneka mkamwa mwamtsinje ndi madzi akumwa.
Pali ma subspecies 4. Masabusikiripishoni ndiofala ku Canada m'chigawo cha Nova Scotia komanso kum'mawa kwa United States kupatula mayiko a Georgia ndi Florida. Mabungwe a Chelydra snakeina osceola amakhala momwemo.
Ku Mexico, Belize, Guatemala ndi Costa Rica, malo omwe Chelydra sninaignos wanyumba ali ponseponse, ndipo ku Ecuador ndi Colombia Chelydra snorina acutirostris.
Kambukuyu adamasulidwa ndi amateurs kulowa m'madziwe a Southern Europe ndi Chiba Prefecture ku Japan. Tsopano akuti ndiwowononga zachilengedwe m'maiko angapo ku Europe. Mu 2011, munthu wolemera makilogalamu 20 adagwidwa pafupi ndi Roma. Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Japan chimaposa nyama 1000. Ku China, iwo amakula pama famu apadera a nyama zamtchire.
Khalidwe
Kamba woluma amakhala ndi moyo wamadzi. Kumpoto kwa mtundu, umatuluka m'madzi m'mawa ndikutenga dzuwa. Atawotha bwino, nyamayo ikusaka chakudya. Anthu akumwera nthawi zina amangosenda mitengo yomwe igwera m'madzi. Zochita zimadziwonekera masana.
Zamoyo zouluka zimatha kusaka kubisalira kapena kusambira kuti zigwire nyama. Zimasambira mwachangu kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuthamangitsa nyama yomwe ili nayo pafupi, ndikuigwira ndikukuponya mphezi. Nthawi zina akambuku a caiman amasaka nyama zazing'ono pamtunda.
Nthawi zambiri amagona m'madzi osaya, otambalala khosi lalitali. Mphuno zokha zomwe zimakhala pamphepete mwa muzzle zimangokhala pamadzi.
Adani achilengedwe ndi ma coyotes (Canis latrans), zimbalangondo zakuda (Ursus americanus) ndi alligators (Alligator). Choyamba, achinyamata amakhala pachiwopsezo. Anthu akuluakulu sagwidwa kawirikawiri ndi adani.
Fizi za Cayman ndizosavomerezeka. M'madera ena, zokwawa zina sizibisala ngakhale mitsinje itakutidwa ndi ayezi.
Amakhalabe achangu nyengo yonse yachisanu. Panthawi yozizira, nyama zimayikidwa m'manda ndipo zimakhalabe miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Kupuma kwapadera kwa phokoso ndi chikhalidwe chawo. Amatulutsa mitu yawo kunja kwamatope, kulola kuti mpweya udutse kudzera pakamwa ndi pakamwa. Ngati njirayi singawathandize kupeza mpweya wokwanira, ndiye kuti chonde chimagwiritsa ntchito njira ya anaerobic, mafuta oyaka ndi glucose. Potere, pofika masika, zinthu zopangidwa ndi metabolism zimadziunjikira m'thupi lake, zomwe zimakhudza thanzi lake.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Cayman Turtle Omnivore. Chakudyacho chimakhala makamaka ndi chakudya chochokera ku nyama. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zimaphatikizapo nsomba, anyani, anyani, crustaceans, tizilombo, njoka, akambuku ang'ono ndi zinyama. Akuluakulu amadana ndi mafoni am'madzi, pomwe achichepere amadya mwachangu, nsomba ndi achule.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, zokwawa zam'madzi zimadya zomera zam'mera ndi zam'madzi, makamaka Elodea (Elodea), dziwe (Potamogeton), buckwheat (Polygonum), maluwa a m'madzi (Nymphaea), duckweed (Lemna), amphaka (Typha), Wallisneria (Vallisneria) nymphaea, (Wolffia) ndi mollusk (Najas).
Zodzikongoletsera sizinyoza kunyongedwa. Kusaka zakudya kumachitika makamaka pansi pa madzi.
Habitat, malo okhala
Fulu la Cayman amakhala kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Canada, komanso kum'mawa ndi pakati ku US. Zinali kuti amapezeka kumwera - komweko ku Colombia ndi Ecuador. Koma pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa akambuku, ofanana ndi a Cayman komanso okhala ku Central ndi South America, aikidwa mitundu iwiri.
Nthawi zambiri, imakhala m'madziwe, m'mitsinje kapena m'madzi okhala ndi madzi am'madzi komanso pansi pamatope pomwe amakonda kukumba komwe amadikira nyengo yachisanu. Anthu ena amapezeka m'madzi amtsinje pakamwa pa mitsinje.
Caiman Tortoise Zakudya
Nyamayi imadyanso nyama zam'madzi, nsomba, nyama zam'madzi, komanso nyama zina zamtunduwu, ngakhale njoka ndi akamba amtundu wina. Nthawi zina amatha kugwira mbalame yosasamala kapena nyama yaying'ono.
Ndizosangalatsa! Fulu, monga lamulo, limadikirira nyama yake, ikabisalira obisalira, ndipo ikafika, imayigwira mwachangu ndi nsagwada zake zamphamvu.
Akamba a Caiman sanyansanso nyama zam'madzi ndi zomwera zam'madzi, ngakhale sizili gawo lalikulu lazakudya.
Adani achilengedwe
Amakhulupirira kuti kamba wa cayman ali ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe, ndipo, pamlingo wina, mawu awa ndiowona. Inde, owononga ochepa okha ndi omwe amatha kuwopseza akuluakulu amtunduwu, mwachitsanzo, monga coyote, chimbalangondo chakuda ku America, alligator, komanso wachibale wapamtima kwambiri, wamtchire. Koma kwa mazira omwe adayikidwapo ndi ana ndi nyama zazinkhanira, akhwangwala, mabatani, zibowo, nkhandwe, nkhanu, mbewa, mbewa, akambuku, kadzidzi, martens, mitundu ina ya nsomba, njoka ngakhale achule akuluakulu ndi owopsa. Palinso umboni kuti otters aku Canada amathanso kusaka akamba akuluakulu aku cayman.
Ndizosangalatsa! Akamba achikulire a caiman, omwe amafika pamiyeso yayikulu kwambiri, samakonda kugwidwa ndi adani, chifukwa chake kufa kwachilengedwe pakati pawo kumakhala kotsika kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Pakadali pano, ufulu wa Caiman umadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wamba wamtunduwu ndipo wapatsidwa dzina la "Zosafunikira".. Komabe, ku Canada mtunduwu umatetezedwa chifukwa malo okhala akamba a cayman amadetsedwa mosavuta ndipo amatha kuthana ndi zovuta za anthropogenic kapena zinthu zachilengedwe. Cayman Turtle ndi nyama yosangalatsa komanso yachilendo. Ngakhale kuti mitunduyi ya nyama zamtunduwu imadziwika kuti ndi yamtendere, imangogunda pokhapokha ngati ikuwopsezeni, kenako isanafike mdani, imayesetsa kupewetsa kusilira kwake ndikuwonera.
Komabe, ku America, anthu amawopa nyama izi ndipo samakonda kusambira m'malo osungirako komwe mumapezeka akamba a cayman. Koma, ngakhale izi, okonda nyama zachilendo amawona kuti ndizosangalatsa kwambiri ndipo ndiwosangalala kuwasungira izi m'nyumba zawo m'malo okhala.