Etymology, masinthidwe, mayina mu zilankhulo zina
Trimeresurus - katatu, womata, albolabris - woyera-lipped. Dzinali limaperekedwa molingana ndi utoto wa mutu.
Mitundu yoyera ya masamba obiriwira, njoka ya bamboo, njoka za mitengo yoyera, Mphuno yoyera, ya buluu wokhala ndi pakati.
Wei? Lippen Bambusotter, Wei? Lippen Lanzenotter (wa ku Germany).
Masanjidwe
3 subspecies.
T. a. albolabris ndi mayina osankhidwa.
T. a. insularis - chilole choyera cha m'mawere keffiyeh.
T. a. septentrionalis - keffiyeh wakumpoto woyera.
Mwa olemba misonkho ena, mitundu yonse itatuyi imakwezedwa pamlingo wamtundu, womwe, powunikira pakudzipatula kwawo, nzolondola.
Miyeso
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi mchira mpaka 61 masentimita ndi amuna, mpaka 82 cm - akazi. Record - 98 masentimita.
Dera
T. a. albolabris - India, kuphatikizapo zilumba za Andaman ndi Nicobar. Myanmar Thailand. Laos. Cambodia. Vietnam. Kumwera China, kuphatikiza Taiwan, Hong Kong ndi Hainan. Malaysia. Indonesia: Bank, Sumatra, Java, Madura, Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Sumba, Sava, Roti, Alor, Adonara, Timor, Vetar, Sulawesi, Kalimantan ndi ena.
T. a. insularis - Indonesia: New Guinea ndi zilumba zozungulira.
T. a. septentrionalis - Nepal, Bhutan, India: Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh. Bangladesh
Biotope ndi moyo wachilengedwe
Mitengo yotentha nthawi zonse komanso nkhalango zachilengedwe zotentha, nkhalango zowuma zolimba, nkhalango zowala, zitsamba, malo otsika ndi mapiri, lamba lamapiri mpaka 800-1000 m pamwamba pa nyanja, mitsinje ya mitsinje ndi mitsinje, mabanki am'madzi, nkhokwe za nsungwi, malo ena, nthawi zina malo ozungulira mizindayi. Ntchitoyi sinthawi ya usiku. Wokongola, wokwera, nthawi zambiri samatsikira pansi. Pobisalira, imagwiritsa ntchito mabowo, mabatani otumphuka, zisa za mbalame zosiyidwa, koma makamaka zimabisala pakati masamba ndi nthambi. Amatsata masamba amtundu payekha, omwe munyengo yake amatha kukhala mitengo imodzi mpaka itatu.
Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi
Zazikazi zimakhala zokulirapo komanso zotayirira kuposa zazimuna, pomwe kutalika kwa michira yaimuna kumakhala kwakukulu motalika kuposa zazikazi. Mwa amuna, mchirawo ndi wautali wokhala ndi mawonekedwe akukhazikika m'munsi, umakhala cylindrical kuchokera ku anus, kenako umadutsa chopondera. Mwa akazi, mchirawo ndi waufupi, popanda kuthira pansi, kotayirira. Amuna ali ndi chingwe choyera chowala pamwamba pazotchinga zokulira - "milomo yoyera" (onani chithunzi), zazikazizo sizikhala ndi mzere wotere (onani chithunzichi pofotokozerako mtunduwu).
Keffia wachikazi (Trimeresurus albolabris)
Keffiyeh wokhala ndi nkhope yoyera (Trimeresurus albolabris)
Kwa kufi, malo owoneka ofukula ndi ofunikira kwa nyama zapansi pamoto zomwe zimayendetsedwa pansi (nyali ya incandescent, nyali ya kalilore), kapena Kutenthesa kwapansi: kutentha mafuta, mat. Kukula kocheperako kwa njoka imodzi ndi 50? 30? 50 cm (kupatula kutalika kwa nyali). Kutentha pakona yofunda, pamalo otentha, masana mpaka 32-35 ° C. Pakona kozizira - 20-22 ° C. Usiku: mpaka 25 ° C pakona yofunda ndi mpaka 18 ° C pakona yozizira. Kutentha kwakumbuyo masana ndi 25 28 ° C, usiku ndi 20-24 ° C. Nthambi za kutalika kwakanthawi ndi kachulukidwe ziyenera kukhala kuzungulira malo onse, kuphatikizanso malo otentha, ndipo ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti nthambi zambiri ziyenera kukhala pafupi ndi malo ozungulira. Malo otetezedwa ndi zokongoletsedwa ndi zomera kapena oikidwa m'miphika amakhala osakhala poizoni okhala ndi masamba amphamvu ndi mphukira zokhala ndi mabowo: mapiri, philodendrons, ficus, ndi zina. Dothi lotalikirana ndi lochita kusankha, koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yamtengo wapatali, coconut substrate, sphagnum kapena kuphimba pansi pa terarium ndi pepala la fyuluta. Pansi muyenera kukhazikitsa zakumwa. Pokhazikika pakakhala chinyezi chokwanira pamalo otetezedwa, omwe kamodzi pa tsiku malo omwe amathiridwa madzi ndi madzi ofunda, sphagnum iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse. Chinyezi chimathandizidwanso ndikuyika mvula, kapena jenereta ya chifunga yolumikizidwa kudzera nthawi yobwereza ndikugwira ntchito 1-2 pa tsiku kwa mphindi 1-2. Ndikwabwino kusungira padera padera kapena pagulu - wamwamuna m'modzi mwa akazi awiri.
Kudyetsa
Mwachilengedwe, akufa amadya nyama zing'onozing'ono zosiyanasiyana, mbalame, nyama zam'madzi zambiri, zomwe sizimadya zambiri abuluzi.
M'malo otetezeka, keffiyeh amadyetsedwa ndi mbewa za labotale, achule, zinziri, ndi ma passistine ang'onoang'ono. Zakudya za njoka zachikulire: Nthawi imodzi pa sabata, kwa nyama zazing'ono - zazing'ono chakudya: 1 nthawi m'masiku 5. Chakudya choyambitsa kubadwa kumene: achule ndi mbewa zatsopano. Amamwa madzi, omwe nthawi zonse muyenera kuwasintha ndikumwa. Pamodzi ndi chakudya, michere yambiri iyenera kuperekedwa, mwachitsanzo: mazira osweka, zokonzekera zomwe zimakhala ndi calcium. Madzi ochepa (Borjomi) akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kwa omwe amamwa. Osapitirira kamodzi pamwezi ndi chakudya zomwe zimakonzekeretsa vitamini. Kudyetsa koyenera kwa zokwawa kuti mupereke malinga ndi malangizo.
Akuluakulu kufiy amadziwika ndi mtundu wapadera wa zakudya. Amatha kudya miyezi iwiri yokha zokha pachaka, osakhalitsa mpaka nyengo yotsatira.
Kuswana
Amuna kufi nthawi zambiri amakhala okhwima pofika zaka 1.5-2, zazimayi - wazaka zitatu. Mitundu ya Ovoviviparous.
Pambuyo posiya nyengo yachisanu, njokayo zimatsitsidwa ndikuwadyetsa, ndikuwonjezera kukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi vitamini E kudyetsa kwa masabata awiri. Kenako zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimabzalidwa limodzi. Zolemba zimatenga nthawi yayitali - kuyambira 1 mpaka 5 maola. Malinga ndi kunena kwina, kufiyas kumatha kuyenderana chaka chonse, koma nthawi yokhazikika pamenepa imatha kumapeto kwa February mpaka Meyi, ngakhale mutakhala ndi lingaliro losunthika mutha kukwaniritsa kuyambiranso koyambirira komanso pambuyo pake. Mukakhwima, mutatha miyezi iwiri, komanso nthawi zina kale, zazikazi zimaleka kudya ndipo sizamadya mwana musanaberekepo, koma pali zosiyana ndi izi. M'malo omwe mayi wapakati amakhala, sphagnum iyenera kuyikiridwa ndikuthira mafuta nthawi zonse. Pambuyo masiku 129 mpaka 157, ndi kukhwima kwachonde, kubereka mwana kumachitika. Yaikazi imabereka kuyambira 1 mpaka 16 cubs. Ana amayamba kudya pambuyo pa molt woyamba.
Chosakayikitsa ndichakuti, kuthekera kwa akazi kusungitsa umuna wa abambo kwa nthawi yayitali, pambuyo pake umuna ndi kubadwa kwachilendo, ichi ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pakusinthana ndi chilengedwe.
Nyengo ndi kuyimbira tsiku ndi tsiku
Kutalika kwa masana masana komanso kutentha kwamasana nthawi yazinyama. Zowunikira ndi nyali za UV ndi UVB 4-5% masana masana, nyali zotere zimatha kugwira ntchito zonse za kuyatsa ndi kuyatsa. Pothirira mafuta, muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito nyali za erythema - mphindi 5 katatu patsiku. Pakalibe magetsi awa pamwambapa, ndizotheka kuyambitsa zida zamagetsi ngati UFO kuchokera 1 mpaka mphindi 5 kwa sabata, kuchokera mtunda wa 50 cm - 1 nthawi pamwezi. Mukathiriridwa ndi nyali za erythema ndi zida monga maUFO, nyamayo imayenera kusungidwa pamalo owuma.
Simungathe kutsatira miyambo yamtundu wa nyama zazing'ono, koma zofunikira zazikulu, pokonzekera kubereka, zotsatirazi ndizofunikira. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Okutobala, pakati pa milungu iwiri kapena itatu, maola akuwala masana ndi nthawi yotenthetsera masana imachepetsedwa. Pa maola 8, njoka zimasiya kudyetsa ndikuzimitsa kutentha usiku. Kenako, pakuwala kwa maola 4, kuyatsa kwamasana kumazimitsidwa, kenako, patatha masiku angapo, kuyatsa. Kutentha pa nthawi yozizira kuyenera kukhala pamlingo wa 15-18 ° С. Kuti ukhalebe chinyezi, malowo amathimitsidwa mu ngodya imodzi masiku onse awiri. Ma mbale omwera satsukidwa ndi kusinthidwa pafupipafupi. Kutalika kwa nyengo yozizira ndi miyezi 1-2, munyengo yanyama. Njoka zimachotsedwa nthawi yachisanu mu nthawi yomweyo momwe zimayikidwamo, pang'onopang'ono zimawonjezera maola masana ndikuwonjezera kutentha. Pa maola 8 patsiku, kuwotcha kwamadzulo kumayatsidwa ndipo chakudya cha mahafiya chimaperekedwa.
Zina Zowonjezera
Chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 12. Keffiyeh wokhala ndi mawere oyera ndi nyama yapoizoni, ili ndi poizoni wovuta wa neuroparalytic ndi fibrionolytic kanthu, wokhala ndi thrombotic. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuti njoka ya njoka imeneyi siikhala imodzi mwa zoopsa zoopsa kwambiri, komanso pali milandu yochepa ya kufa pambuyo poti kulumidwa ndi nkhope yoyera, ziyenera kudziwika kuti zomwe zili njoka kunyumba sizotetezeka!
Zina zambiri
Kufii (kapena njoka zam'mutu za ku Asia) ndi amtundu wa zodzala zakupha za banja la njoka. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu pafupifupi 30 ya poizoni yomwe imapezeka ku Eastern Hemisphere. Ali ndi dzina lawo mawonekedwe awo, amakumbutsa mwamphamvu mkondo. Mutu, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe opingika komanso chimpeni chakuthwa, umasiyanitsidwa kwambiri ndi thupi.
Njoka zakufi zimatsogolera kukhala njira yamtundu kapena moyo wapadziko lapansi. Zochita zimawonedwa kwambiri usiku ndi madzulo. Chakudya chachikulu ndi achule, makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi mbalame.
Zosiyanasiyana
Mtundu waukulu kwambiri ndi keffiyeh wa Habu, yemwe amakhala kuzilumba za Amami ndi Okinawa. Kutalika kwake kumafika mpaka mamita 2.5 (zambiri mwatsatanetsatane pambuyo pake m'nkhaniyo). Mitundu yotsala, monga lamulo, sizidutsa mita imodzi.
Chodziwika kwambiri ndi kachisi wokongola kwambiri wa keffiyeh, wogawidwa pazisumbu za malo osungirako zinthu zaku Mala (kummawa amafika pachilumba cha Sulawesi, ndipo kumpoto - Phillipin). Mitundu iyi imadziwika ndi mtundu wake wowala: pamtambo wakuda wobiriwira pali mphete zowala zachikasu zowoneka bwino, mbali yakumbuyo ya mutu ndi utoto wachikaso.
Ambiri mwa anthu amderali amawasungira mumitengo yapafupi ndi nyumba zawo. Malingaliro awo, izi zimapangitsa kukhala bwino. Njokayo idatchedwa dzina chifukwa chakuti unyinji wa nyama zoterezi zimasungidwa pachilumba cha Penang (gombe lakumadzulo kwa Peninsula ya Mullaki), ku Snake Temple.
Keffiyeh ya buluu (Komodskaya) ndi yokongola kwambiri. Thupi lake limapakidwa utoto wabwino kwambiri.
Mitundu ina ya keffiyehs:
- milomo yoyera
- Kalimantan
- wokhala ndi nyanga
- mkondo
- wachisomo
- wachikaso malo
- wofiyira
- wobiriwira wachikasu
- chepetsa,
- bamboo
- chachikulu
- malabra
- Thailand
- Chitibetan
- wosasangalatsa,
- m'mphepete mwa nyanja
- wosalala
- Sumatran
- Ceylon
- ndi ena ambiri.
Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi
Mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya kufi, kunyumba, oimira mitundu yotsatirayi akhoza kusungidwa:
- yoyera-yoyamwa
- temple
- bamboo
- Ceylon
- wofiyira
- wobiriwira wachikasu
- malabar
- osakhazikika.
Kachisi
Mitundu iyi imakhala yofanana ndi yoyamba ija, komabe mawonekedwe ake amodzi amawonekera nthawi yomweyo.
Maonekedwe ake.Kutalika kwa njoka ndi masentimita 75-100. Mtundu wa thupi nthawi zonse umakhala wowoneka bwino komanso wowala bwino, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana: kuchokera kumtunda wakuda ndi wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi mizere yopyapyala yachikasu, kubiriwira lokwanira, lokhala ndi kutsekeka. Kumtunda kwa mutu kuli mawonekedwe oyera achikasu, ndipo pamwamba pake pali mzere wowala wachikaso (chingwe chakuda chimadutsa m'diso lokha). Belly ndi wobiriwira chikasu. Vutoli. Dongo la njoka ya pakachisi ndi lofooka ndipo silingathe kufa. Komabe, tsamba la kulumalo limatupa nthawi yomweyo ndipo limapweteka kwambiri kumadera oyandikana ndi thupi. Kuti muchepetse vutoli, ndibwino kukhazikitsa mankhwala ngati zingatheke.
Habitat ndi moyo.Nthawi zambiri, ndizotheka kukumana ndi temple keffiyeh pachilumba cha Chimalawi komanso kum'mawa kwa zilumba za Philippines, komwe amakhala m'malo otentha kwambiri. Masamba a masamba amakhala pobisalira masana, ndipo pofika usiku wolusa amamusiya akusaka chakudya. Zowona, nthumwi zamtunduwu sizigwira ntchito ndipo zimatha kukhala pamalo amodzi milungu ingapo osawonetsa chizindikiro cha moyo. Anthu ena amautola popanda kuopa kuluma.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Zakudya zamkachisi keffiyeh zimayang'aniridwa ndi:
- makoko ang'onoang'ono
- abuluzi
- achule
- mbalame zazing'ono.
Bamboo (budru-pam)
Oimira nthumwi zamtundu wa bamboo ndi achibale akutali a nkhanu zomwe zimakhala ku America ndi njoka zamkamwa, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri m'maiko otentha.
Maonekedwe ake. Mtundu wa nyama yankhokwe umagwirizana kwathunthu ndi dzina lake - limafanana ndi mtundu wa bambo msungwana (wobiriwira-imvi). Zowona, padziko lonse la thupi thupi loterolo limathandizidwa ndi zoyera ndi zachikaso, ndipo kuyambira kumutu ndi m'mbali kumakhala mikwingwirima iwiri yachikasu yokhala ndi kuwala kowonekera kwamtambo. Mtundu wa mchira pafupifupi nthawi zonse umakhala wofanana ndi mtundu wa thupi lonse, koma umatha kukhala wa bulauni, wokhala ndi tint yofiirira. Maonekedwe a mutu ndi wokumbukira, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi sikoposa 85 cm.
Vutoli. Poizoni wa bamboo keffiyeh ndi wofooka kwambiri ndipo sangathe kuvulaza munthu kwambiri. Pambuyo pa kulumikizana ndi njoka, kutulutsa kwakomweko (kutupa, redness) ndikotheka, ndikutsatira mawonekedwe owawa. Koma amaluma mobwerezabwereza, pokhapokha ngati akudziwopseza kapena kukhumudwitsa ena. Ikasungidwa kunyumba, nthawi zambiri imatengedwa. Habitat ndi moyo.Amakhala munkhalango zowirira pakatikati pa Nepal, Indonesia, India, Taiwan, Bangladesh. M'malo ena sizachilendo, makamaka ndi kuswana kwawekha. Masana, keffiyeh amapumula mumthunzi wamitengo (imasungidwa pamitengo mothandizidwa ndi mchira wokhazikika), ndipo madzulidwe amatuluka kukasaka.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Mndandanda waukulu wa bamboo keffiyeh umakhala ndi:
- achule
- abuluzi
- mbalame zazing'ono
- makoswe
- tizilombo tambiri.
Kubalana. Viviparous, panthawi imatulutsa njoka za 7-15. Kutalika kwa mimba ndi masiku pafupifupi 150.
Ceylon keffiyeh
Oimira mtundu wamtunduwu ndizochepa kuposa ena kuthengo, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo awo okhala. Nthawi yomweyo, sangatchulidwe kuti ndi osatheka, muyenera kungoyang'ana mawonekedwe a njokayo. Maonekedwe ake.Kutalika kwa thupi la "Ceylon" ndi pakati ndipo kumangokhala masentimita 60-75. Mutuwo ndi wotakata, wosalala, wopindika patali. Phokoso laloledwa ndipo onse okutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono osakhazikika. Khosi - limapindika kwambiri thupi, chifukwa chake kutsogolo kuli ngati mkondo. Mtundu waukulu wa masikelo pa thupi la akazi ndiwobiliwira, koma wophatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe amdima akuda. Mtundu wachikasu umawonekera bwino kumbuyo, ndipo mawonekedwe am'mimba amakhala opepuka: nthawi zambiri amakhala obiriwira, ngakhale njoka zokhala ndi imvi zimapezeka. Mtundu waukulu wa amuna a Ceylon kufiya ndi mtundu.
Vutoli. Poizoniyo ali ndi poizoni wokwanira, koma amatha kuyambitsa malo omwe akulumayo. Zowawa kuchokera kwa iye sizichoka kwa masiku angapo. Nthawi zina, zimatha kupangitsa kulephera kwa impso ndi vuto la mtima.
Habitat ndi moyo. Kuthengo, Ceylon keffiyah amapezeka ku Sri Lanka kokha, zomwe zinali chifukwa cha dzina la amtunduwo. Njoka nthawi zambiri zimatsikira pansi, zimakonda kukwawa m'nthambi za mitengo. Maenje, zolakwika mu khungwa komanso mbalame zokhala malo othawirako, koma nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pakati pa masamba ndi nthambi. Gawo la njoka imodzi nthawi zambiri limangokhala mitengo itatu. Chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Maziko a chakudya cha "Ceylon" ndi anyani ochepa, anyama komanso mbalame zazing'ono, ndipo abuluzi amakhala pamndandanda kawirikawiri, makamaka pakalibe chakudya chomwe amakonda.
Kubalana.Ceylon keffiye ndi wa gulu la njoka za viviparous. Pamimba imodzi (masiku 129-150 osatha), mkaziyo amanyamula njoka 5-25, zomwe zimayamba kudya zokha zikamaliza nyemba yoyamba.
Red-tailed keffiyeh (Chibengali)
Monga mitundu ya Ceylon, Bengal keffiyeh sakonda pakati pa obereketsa ena. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthengo sizotheka kuwona kukongola kwake nthawi zonse.Mwambiri, ndizofanana ndi kufii kwina, chifukwa chake siziyambitsa chidwi cha ofufuza.
Maonekedwe ake.Kutalika kwenikweni kwa amuna ndi 57,5 masentimita, chachikazi ndi masentimita 104. Utoto wawukulu ndiwobiliwira, koma amuna amuna amakhala ndi mzere wowala (akazi sangakhale nawo). Mchira wa amuna ndi akazi ali ndi bulauni wowoneka bwino. Vutoli. Ululu wa Bengal keffiyeh ndi wofanana mumtundu wake ndi poizoni wa mitundu ina ya njoka izi: zimangotupa kwambiri pamalo omenyawo, limodzi ndi mawonetsedwe owawa masiku angapo. Nthawi zina, kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi kumatheka.
Habitat ndi moyo.Kuthengo, kufi-ofiira ofiira amapezeka kum'mawa kwa India, komanso ku Bangladesh ndi Myanmar.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Gawo lalikulu la chakudyacho ndi amphibians ndi mbewa, koma amatha kudya abuluzi ndi mbalame zazing'ono.
Kubalana.Ili m'gulu la njoka za viviparous ndipo imabereka ana kwa masiku 150. Mpaka anthu atsopano 10 amawonekera nthawi imodzi.
Keffiyeh wobiriwira wobiriwira, kapena Habu
Poyerekeza ndi keffiyehs am'mbuyomu, kambukuyu alibe khungu lowoneka bwino ndipo amawoneka bwino pansi. Maonekedwe ake.Kutalika kwa njoka imeneyi kumasiyana pakati pa 1.2-2.5 m, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 2-3,5 kg. Mutuwu ndi lathyathyathya, wofutukulidwa kumbuyo kwa mutu komanso wamkulu mokwanira. Thupi limakhala lokwinya, ndipo mchira wake wamtundu kumapeto. Utoto - kuchokera ku maolivi opepuka mpaka obiriwira achikasu okhala ndi mawanga amdima pamwamba pa thupi lonse. Mbali yam'mimba ndiyera.
Vutoli. Njoka yolusa kwambiri pakati pa onse amafotokozedwa kufi. Koma, ngakhale kuti amangomenya pafupipafupi, milandu yakupha pakati pa anthu siyomwe imalembedwa. Imfa kuchokera ku poizoni wake ndi 1-2% yokha.
Habitat ndi moyo.Keffiyeh wobiriwira wobiriwira ndiofala kwambiri kuzilumba za Amami ndi Okinawa, komwe imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zamapiri ndi mitengo, pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Zimayenda bwino pamitengo, ndipo ntchito zapamwamba zimachitika usiku.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Imasaka makoswe, mbalame, siziphatikiza njoka ndi achule ena mndandanda. Achinyamata amadyanso abuluzi.
KuswanaNthawi yakubzala, ubweya amaikira mazira, kuyambira magawo atatu mpaka 18 nthawi. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imakhala ndi milungu isanu ndi umodzi, kenako njoka zimatuluka, pafupifupi 25 cm mulitali. Sikuti amasiyana akulu.
Malabar
Imapezeka kuthengo m'malo ocheperako, ndichifukwa chake samapezeka kawirikawiri kunyumba. Mwambiri, njoka ili m'njira zambiri zofanana ndi abale ake ena, ngakhale ili ndi kusiyana kwakunja.
Maonekedwe ake.Amadziwika ndi kukula kwapakatikati ndipo, mpaka, amafika pamtunda wa 1. Pangani - yaying'ono, mtundu - wowoneka bwino wobiriwira, maolivi kapena bulauni, wokhala ndi mawanga amdima pamtunda wapamwamba komanso matanga achikaso mbali. Mimba ndi yachikasu, imatha kukhala ndi mawanga.
Vutoli.Malabar keffiyeh ndiwofanana pamtendere ndipo sadzamenya munthu poyamba. Kuluma kwake sikumapha, komabe kumapangitsa malingaliro osasangalatsa, kutupa komanso kuvulala, mwina ndi minofu ya m'deralo. Habitat ndi moyo.Imapezeka m'malo ochepa kum'mwera kwa Western Ghat, pomwe imakhala m'miyala yamiyala ndi zitsamba zomwe zimakula kwambiri (pamalo okwera mamita 600-2200 kumtunda kwa nyanja). Khalidwe la keffiyeh limakhala likuwerenga pang'ono pokha: linkawoneka pakasaka nthawi yamadzulo komanso usiku, pamitengo komanso pansi.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Amasaka nyama, mbalame zazing'ono, ndi nyama zina zapakhosi.
Kubalana. Kuikira mazira, koma chiwerengero chake chenicheni mu clutch sichikudziwikabe.
Keffiyeh ya m'magombe (osakhazikika)
Monga mitundu yam'mbuyomu, sizachilendo, koma imatha kukhala yowonjezera pakuphatikiza kwa keffiyehs.
Maonekedwe ake. Kutalika kwa njoka kumafika masentimita 90, ndipo kusiyana kwakugonana kumawonekera bwino: zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zazimuna. Mutu umakhala wowonda komanso mulifupi, thupi limakhala lalitali, lokhala ndi mizere yayitali. Utoto - ofiira ofiira kapena ofiirira, okhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira m'mbali. Mimba ndi yobiriwira. Vutoli. Poizoniyo ali ndi poizoni wocheperako, koma tsamba la kulumalo limapweteketsa sabata kapena kupitilira. Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa antidote munthawi yake.
Habitat ndi moyo. Coastic kufiyy amakhala ku India Ass Ass, Bangladesh, Thailand ndi madera a. Sumatra. Nthawi zina amapezeka pa Chilumba cha Malacca. Monga malo okhalamo, izi zikuku zimasankha nkhalango zotentha zomwe zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi.Makoswe, abuluzi ndi mbalame zazing'ono zimakonda kwambiri pakudya.
Kubalana. Chili cha gulu lokhala ndi moyo wa zokwawa. Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi m'modzi amabweretsa njoka 10 kudziko lapansi.
Nyama zakunja ndi zapamadzi nthawi zonse zimakopa osonkhetsa kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, polimbana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi poizoni, sitiyenera kuiwala za kusunga kwazomwe tikuchita pokonzekera bwalo la milandu ndikuperekanso chisamaliro cha ziweto.
Malo opangira ma terarium
Zambiri za kufi zomwe zikufotokozedwa ndizoyenererana ndi malo opukutira opangidwira nyama zochokera kunkhokwe. Kutentha kwa mapangidwe oterowo kuyenera kukhala kwapafupi, komwe magwero amoto akuloza (ma nyali amkati kapena magalasi oyenererana ndi oyenera kutenthetsa). Zofunikira pakapangidwe kake komanso bungwe la oyenera kukhala mndende mkati mwake ndizokhazikitsidwa ndi izi:
26.11.2018
Kachisi keffiyeh (lat. Tropidolaemus wagleri) ndi wa gulu lopanda mutu wa Crfinaily (Crotalinae) wa banja la Viper (Viperidae). Ku Malaysia, njoka yapoizoni imadziwika kuti ndi yopatulika. M'matawuni a Georgetown, likulu la dziko la Malaysia ku Penang, kuli tawuni yaying'ono ya Bayan Lepas, momwe amapeza ulemu wamitundu yonse.
Mu 1850, Kachisi adamangidwa pano polemekeza Woyera wachi Buddha Chor Soo Kong, yemwe adakhala m'zaka za zana la 11. Iye anali wochiritsa wodabwitsa ku China ndipo amadziwika ku China ngati woteteza nyama zanyama. Ntchitoyo itamalizidwa kumangidwa, njoka zimayamba kukwawa kulowa munyumbayo, motero zimatchedwa kuti Snake Temple.
Ntchito zoterezi zidawonetsedwa ndi oimira amtundu wa Tropidalaemus wagleri, chifukwa chake adatchedwa temple keffiyehs. Otsutsa amakayikira kuchuluka kwa zokwawa ndipo akutsimikiza kuti agwidwa mwachindunji ndi amonkewo ndikuperekedwa kwa amonke awo.
Kotero kuti mazana ambiri obwezeretsa saluma oyendayenda komanso alendo achidwi, nthawi zonse amawapha poyizoni ndikuwadyetsa ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Munthawi imeneyi, ndizovulaza kwathunthu ndipo amalola aliyense kuti azijambula ndi munthu wawo.
Mtendere wa zolengedwa zapoizoni wafotokozedwa ndi antchito a Serpent Temple monga phindu lopindulira utsi wa zofukiza. M'malo mwake, akufawo amagwira ntchito usiku, ndipo masana amakhala osakhudzidwa ndi chidwi chakunja.
Okhala m'deralo amawatenga m'manja mosamala masana masana ndipo ali okondwa kuwabzala pamapazi a mitengo pafupi ndi nyumba yawo. Akutsimikiza kuti mwanjira imeneyi munthu akhoza kukopa chisangalalo cha banja komanso thanzi.
Kufalitsa
Malo okhala amapezeka ku Southeast Asia. Amachokera kumadera akumwera a Thailand, Singapore ndi Vietnam mpaka Indonesia komanso madera akumadzulo a Malaysia.
Ochuluka kwambiri amakhala ku Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi komanso kuzisumbu zambiri za zilumba zaku Indonesia zomwe zilipo Kepulauan-Riau ndi Mentawai. Ku Philippines, njoka zimapezeka kuzilumba za Balabac, Basilan, Bohol, Dinagat, Leite, Luzon, Mindanao, Negros, Palawan ndi Tumindao.
Kachisi wa keffiyeh amakhala m'malo omwe amakhala ndi chinyezi komanso kotentha.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala matupi oyandikana ndi madzi, madambo, m'nkhalango za mitengo yaminga ndi yam'mapiri. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'minda yamafamu, yomwe nthawi zina imawonedwa pamapapo. Mtunduwu udayamba kufotokozedwa ngati Cophias wagleri mu 1826 ndi Heinrich Boyer wazachilengedwe ku Germany ndipo adatchulidwa pambuyo pa womuthandizira komanso katswiri wazopanga herpologist Johann Georgia Wagler.
Khalidwe
Madzulo masana kufiys amapuma mosadukaduka panthambi za mitengo, ndipo pakufika kucha amapita kukafunafuna chakudya. Kusaka kumakhala usiku wonse mpaka mbandakucha.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri yofananira, imangoluma ngati njira yomaliza, ikafika poopseza moyo wawo.
Njoka iliyonse imakhala ndi malo ake omwe imakonda kupumula, komwe imabweranso usiku usodzi. Chokwiracho chimaphatikizika momveka bwino kwa izo ndipo chimangochoka kwambiri. Ululu wake uli ndi hemotoxins ndipo umatha kupha anthu. Komabe, ziwopsezo zakuphedwa sizinalembedwebe mwalamulo.
Kudyetsa
Zomwe timadya kufi mwachilengedwe - timadziwa kale, koma kunyumba ndizovuta kupeza achule, mbalame zosawerengeka ndi amphibians. Zikhala zabwino m'malo:
- mbewa zasayansi
- passerine,
- zinziri.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Kachisi wa keffiyeh nthawi zonse amakhala akusaka kuti asabisalire, kudikirira moleza mtima woponderezedwayo. Amugwira ndi mpheni wakutsogolo kwa thupi lake.
Kupezeka kwa maenje awiri otenthetsera kutentha pakati pa maso ndi mphuno komanso kuthana ndi ma radiation oyipa kuchokera kuzinthu zamagazi ofunda kumamuthandiza kudziwa komwe akukhudzidwayo. Chifukwa cha iwo, nyama zomwe zimadya nkhosazi zimatha kusaka bwinobwino mu mdima wandiweyani, kudziwa kutentha kwa 0.003 ° C. Amadziwanso fungo lokhazikika.
Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo makoswe ochepa, abuluzi, amphibians ndi mbalame.
Chomwe chimakondedwa kwambiri ndi mtengo wotsogoza wam'madzi (Tupaia yaying'ono) komanso wamba tupai (Tupaia glis). Mu Kachisi wa Njoka, zokwawa, kuphatikiza nyama zazing'ono, zimadyetsedwa mazira a nkhuku.
Kuswana
Kachisi keffiyeh ndi amodzi mwa nyama za ovoviviparous. Akakhwima, mazira okhala ndi chipolopolo chopyapyala amapangidwa m'thupi la mkazi. Mimba zomwe zikupangika mwa iwo zimadyetsedwa ndikumazizira mazira. Nthawi zina nkhono zimabereka m'mimba kenako zimatuluka.
Tropidolaemus wagleri mtundu chaka chonse. Palibe nyengo yodziwika, koma kukalamba kumachitika nthawi yamvula, kupatula anthu okhala kumalire akumtunda kwa malowo. Mwa iwo, pamakhala nyengo yochepa yozizira, pambuyo pake, zokwawa zimayamba kukhathamira.
Mimba imatenga masiku 120 mpaka 150. Mu litala limodzi pali ana ochokera ku 15 mpaka 20 (apamwamba 40).
Kutalika kwa njoka zoswedwa ndi 12-15 masentimita ndipo zimatengera zaka zazikazi. Atabadwa, amapita kukakhala payokha. Ana akhanda amasinthasintha komanso mafoni poyerekeza ndi anzawo akuluakulu ndipo amapeza zofunika pamoyo wawo pamtunda pamtunda wa udzu.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusunga ma keffiyeh a pakachisi pozungulira pozungulira pootentha. Potentha, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyali wamba za incandescent. Mlingo wocheperako womwe umalimbikitsa pa munthu wamkulu uyenera kukhala 70x80x120 cm.
Kusunga munthawi yomweyo kwa njoka zingapo m'malo osungidwa sikofunika. Ndi wamphongo mmodzi, palibe akazi osapitilira 1-2 omwe angathe kusungidwa. Poyang'anira nyama yowetedwa bwino, mbewu zam'munda zimabzalidwa ndipo nthambi zanthete zimakhazikitsidwa. Masana, matenthedwe amasungidwa pa 28 ° -31 ° C, ndipo usiku amatsitsidwa mpaka 24 ° -27 ° C. Kutalika kwa tsiku pafupifupi 12 maola.
Kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi chambiri osachepera 75%, ndikofunikira kupopera makhoma a terarium ndi madzi masiku onse awiri ndi atatu. Onetsetsani kuti mwakhazikitsa mbale yomwera komanso chonde chilichonse cha mwezi uliwonse chopatsa mwayi woti musambe. Coconut gawo lapansi, miyala kapena miyala ya sphagnum moss imayikidwa pansi.
Njoka za achikulire zimadyetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata, ndi ana masiku onse 4-5. Poona kuti ali mu ukapolo akhoza kukana kudya, mutha kusintha pambuyo pa masabata awiri ndi awiri. Kudyetsa kumachitika kumapeto kwa usiku. Ziweto zimadyetsedwa mbewa, hamsters ndi mbalame zodutsa. Zigoba za mazira zophwanyika kapena michere ya calcium yofunikira zimawonjezeredwa pamwezi pachakudya.
Kugonana kwa dimorphism mu keffiyehs
Amuna a Steineger, mtundu wa thupi umachokera ku buluu ndi emerald mpaka wobiriwira wakuda, pomwe mzere wakumbuyo umayera ndi rasipiberi. Amuna amakhala ndi madontho kapena mawanga paphiri. Maso kuchokera ku lalanje kupita ku buffy. Mitundu ya akazi a Steineger ndi udzu, wobiriwira wopepuka, ndipo mzere wakumbuyo ndi woyera. Palibe madontho kapena mawanga pathupi; maso ndi achikasu.
Njokayo imadya achule, abuluzi ndi mbalame zazing'ono.
Mafi amaso amtundu wabuluu amakhala ndi khungu lowoneka bwino. Pali mikwaso yoyera pakhungu, maso a mtundu wa lalanje.
Akazi okhala ndi nkhope ya buluu wachikazi amakhalanso ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wobiriwira, koma m'mimba ndi wachikasu ndipo mizere yotsatira ndi yobiriwira wachikasu. Palibe mikwingwirima pakathupi; maso ndi achikasu.
Magawo kutentha ndi chinyezi mu terrarium
Akuluakulu keffiyehs amasungidwa m'malo opangira magalasi woyezera masentimita 50x30x50. Payenera kukhala mpweya wabwino mu terrarium. Nyumba za njoka izi zimakhala ndi dzenje ndi sphagnum, mbale yomwera, zibowo ndi nthambi. Njoka zatsopano zimasungidwa m'matumba a pulasitiki oyesa 25 x 20 x 10 cm.
Gululi limaphatikizapo njoka, zomwe zimakonda kukhala ndi moyo wamakhalidwe abwinobwino, womwe khungu lake lalikulu limakhala lobiriwira.
Onetsetsani kuti mwawotcha masana ndi usiku. Munthawi yoyambira kumapeto kwa nyengo yophukira, maola masana ayenera kukhala maola 16, ndipo kutentha masana sikuyenera kupitirira kuposa madigiri 27-28, usiku umatsitsidwa ndi madigiri 23-25.
Chinyezi chimasungidwa pa 75-85%. Kuyambira pakati pa Okutobala, nthawi yamasana idachepetsedwa tsiku lililonse ndi maola awiri, mpaka maola 8 patsiku. Ndipo mkati mwa sabata, maola masana amawachepera mpaka maola 0. Ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi, kutentha m'chipindacho kumasungidwa mpaka madigiri 15, uku ndiye "kuzizira" njoka. Pambuyo yozizira, nthawi yotalikirapo masana imawonjezeka.
Imapezeka ku nkhalango zotentha nthawi zonse komanso m'nkhalango za bamboo zachiwiri.
Muli zakudya kufiy
Achinyamata keffiyeh ndi akazi osakhala oyembekezera amadya nthawi yonse yochita. Pafupifupi masiku 90 asanabadwe, zazikazi zimaleka kudya. Atabereka, amayambanso kudya pafupipafupi.
Pambuyo yozizira, abambo amakana kudyetsa kapena kuudya nthawi 1-2 osamadya kwa miyezi 2,5. Munthawi imeneyi, amayang'ana zazikazi kuti zikhale kukhwima.
Amayi osakhala oyembekezera komanso achichepere amadyetsa pafupipafupi nthawi yonse yochita.
Nyengo ikakwana, anyani amphongo amadyetsa kwa miyezi 2-3 ndikuyambiranso. Amakana kudyetsa kuzungulira June mpaka nyengo yachisanu yotsatira - mpaka kumapeto kwa Novembala. Ndiye kuti, amapita kukazizira popanda chakudya. Kodi ndichifukwa chani chomwe chikhalidwe ichi cha kufala wamwamuna sichimvetsetsa.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Keffiyeh wachikasu wobiriwira
Mitundu iyi ilibe mtundu wowala, monga mitundu ina, kotero imakhazikika mu malo osungirako. Kutalika kwake kumafikira mamita 1.2-2,5, kulemera - mpaka 3.5 kg. Mutu ndi lathyathyathya ndipo watukuka kuzungulira gawo la occipital. Colouring - maolivi opepuka kapena achikasu obiriwira okhala ndi mawanga amdima. Mbali yam'mimba ndiyera.
Amakonda kukhazikika m'malo a mitengo komanso nkhalango zamapiri, pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Njoka yobiriwira wachikasu imayenda pakati pa mitengo, nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito ndi nthawi yausiku.
Mtundu uwu ndiwopsa kwambiri kuposa kufi konse. Zowona, pakati pa anthu, kumwalira chifukwa choluma kumakhala kochepa.
Zokhudza chitetezo
Osonkhanitsa kuzungulira padziko lapansi nthawi zonse amakopeka ndi nyama zosiririka ndi nyama zapamtunda.Pochita ndi anthu omwe ali ndi poizoni, kusamala kuyenera kuchitika mosamalitsa.
Zofunikira zoyambira pakugwiritsa ntchito njoka:
- ikani malo odyera kutali ndi zofunda, ndibwino kuyiyika m'chipinda china,
- Nthawi zonse muziyang'ana kulimba kwa chivindikiro,
- mukuyeretsa komanso kulumikizana ndi keffiyeh, gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi ovala mphira,
- musaseketse nyama ija osanyamula (ndi chinyama chakupha komanso chamtchire),
- ikani chakudya mu terariamu ndi zidutswa zapadera, zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito mukatsuka zakudya zotsala,
- Ngati kuluma, nthawi zonse pakhale mankhwala oletsa kupha mankhwala (amateteza ululu ndi zovuta zina),
- obwera kumene ku kubereka njoka keffiyehs ndibwino kuti asankhe nthumwi zamitundu yosakhazikika (mwachitsanzo, keffiyeh) poyambira.
Pomaliza
Mawu akuti keffiyeh amatchedwanso quawrangular shawl (gutra kapena shemagh) omwe alibe chilichonse chokhudzana ndi njoka, zomwe zikapindidwa (pachikondwerero) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chovala chamutu cha amuna a mayiko aku Arab. Lamulo limaphatikizidwanso kwa iye - hovu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mpangowu pamutu pake. Kufiyah ndiofala pakati pa anthu okhala ku chipululu cha Arabia ndi Sahara, Sinai ndi Arabian Peninsulas, kumpoto kwa Africa komanso kum'mawa kwa Asia, komanso kumayiko a Persian Gulf. Nthawi zambiri, Arabia Arabia keffiyeh amavala ndi chakuda chakuda.
Mwambo uwu wakula ku Arabia, ngakhale Chisilamu chisanakhale. Zojambula zakale zomwe zasungidwa m'malo awa, amuna akuwonetsedwa ndi nsalu zamitundu yayitali pamitu yawo, zikoko zake zimawalimbikitsa. Masiku ano, kufiyas m'bokosi (ofiira ndi akuda), omwe amapezeka m'ma 20 omalizira, ndi otchuka kwambiri.
Njira zachitetezo
Pogwira ntchito ndi njoka zapoizoni, malamulo a chitetezo ayenera kukhala oyamba. Chifukwa chake simudziteteza kokha ku mavuto osafunikira, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti ziweto zanu zizikhala bata, osakhumudwitsani kunja. Zofunikira zazikulu ndi izi:
- ikani malo otalikirana ndi mizere, ndibwinonso ngati chipinda chosanja chili mnyumba,
- Nthawi zonse muziyang'ana kutseka kwa thankiyo,
- Mukalumikizana ndi keffiyeh kapena kuyeretsa nyumba yake, gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi okhazikika a mpira,
- osasunga chiweto ndipo osachilandira ngati chimbudzi - ndi nyama yakutchire, komanso ndiyopyapyala,
- ikani chakudya m'malo ogulitsira miyala yamtengo wapatali, yomwe imathandizanso kukonza zinyalala,
- Nthawi zonse sungani mankhwalawa mu kanyumba kamankhwala ngati kuluma (kumathandiza kupewa kupweteka, kutupa ndi zotulukapo zina zosasangalatsa),
- Ngati mwatsopano kuweta ziweto, poyambira ndibwino kusankha oyimira mitundu ya bata (mwachitsanzo, kufiy ya pakachisi).
Whitetail keffiyeh: mlenje wobadwa
Lilime lonyezimira la nthenga lokhala ndi milomo yoyeserera limachita kununkhira, limathandizira ngakhale kuyala mumdima kuti lisunge usiku.
Kutulutsa lilime lake, keffiyeh amatenga mamolekyulu onunkhira akuyandama mumlengalenga. Pogwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chomwechi, njokayo imawapulumutsa ku chiwalo chapadera, chomwe chili pakamwa.
Kuchokera pamenepo, zomwe zalandira zimapita ku ubongo, komwe zimakonzedwa. Chifukwa chake, njokayo imazindikira kuti fungo limachokera kwa munthu yemwe angayambitsidwe.
Koma osati lilime ndiye "chida chachinsinsi" cha keffiyeh-wokhala ndi milomo yoyera, koma maenje ake ali patsogolo pa mutu.
Maenje awa ndi amodzi amamva, ndipo ali ndi nembanemba yomwe imagwira bwino bwino kutentha komwe kumachokera ku nyama zamagazi ofunda.
Njira yosaka ili motere: Choyamba, njoka pogwiritsa ntchito lilime imazindikira kukhalapo kwa wogwidwa pafupi.
Kenako imayamba kuzimiririka, nkumadikirira nthambi zamtengo kapena tchire, ndikudzigwetsa masamba owirira.
Mtundu waung'onowo ukangoyandikira mtunda woyenerera - pang'onopang'ono pouza, njoka zimayambitsa mabowo ake.
Njokayo imafufuza zidziwitso zomwe zapezeka mothandizidwa ndi mabowo omwe ali mbali yomweyo ya ubongo yomwe imayang'anira mawonedwe owoneka.
Chifukwa chake njoka imalandira thermogram (kapena chithunzi chamafuta) cha womenyedwayo, chomwe chimayikidwa pamwamba pa chithunzi chowoneka.
Chifukwa cha izi, keffiyeh yokhala ndi mbewa yoyera imatha kuukira wolimbana naye molondola modabwitsa, kuzindikira malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri.
Chidacho chimagwira nthawi yomweyo. Pokhala hemotoxic, ndikuluma pambuyo pake kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yamagazi ndikupanga magazi mkati.
Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito mano akumwamba oyenda, pang'ono ndi pang'ono njoka imakoka nayo kamilomo yake.