A Mississippian kite (Ictinia mississipiensh) amakhala ku America. Imafika 37 cm kutalika, mapiko 95cm, mapiko kutalika 29, mchira kutalika 13 cm.Mutu, khosi, nthenga zazing'ono zowuluka ndipo mbali yakumbuyo yonse ya thupi ndi kutsogola koyera muutoto, ndipo ziyenera kudziwika kuti pamphumi ndi nsonga za mapiko ang'ono nthenga, utoto uwu umasandulika oyera. Thupi lina lonse, kupatulapo khungu lakuda ndi ma eyel, limapaka utoto wakuda kwambiri, ndikudutsa nthenga zapamwamba zamapiko ndi mchira, komanso nthenga zazikuluzikulu ndi nthenga zaimvi. Maso ndi ofiira magazi, mulomo ndi wakuda, miyendo ndiyofiyira.
1 - Mississippi kite (Ictinia mississipiensis) 2 - Kiteti yamatchi (forano ya forkic) ya ku foloko (Elanoides forficatus)
Dera logawikiridwa kwa ma kite a Mississippian limafikira kumwera kokha komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa maiko aku North America, kutsukidwa ndi Gulf of Mexico. Zotsatira zosiyanasiyana zidawulukira ku South Carolina komanso mpaka kumpoto, kotero nthawi zina zinkatha kuwawombera kuno, koma kwawo kwenikweni ndi Texas ndi Mexico.
Audubon akutiuza kuti, "kutayamba masika," nkhwangwa ya ku Mississippian imawoneka m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wokongola uja, womwe amakhala ndi dzinalo, ndipo umayenda ukuwo, mpaka kukafika ku Memphis. Amafika ku Louisiana mu theka la Epulo m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, 5 kapena 6, ndipo imakhala munkhalango m'mphepete mwa mitsinjeyo. Imaleka kulowa mdziko muno. Zikuoneka kuti imakhala m'malo obzala pafupi ndi madzi. kuthawa kwa Mississippi kite ndi kokongola komanso kolimba, sikutopa ndipo imawulukira motalika kotero kuti imatha kumera za Nthawi zambiri mbalameyi imangoyenda m'mlengalenga osasunthira mapiko ake ndipo imafotokoza mozungulira mabulowo. Nthawi zambiri, ikagubuduza mapiko ake, imangokhala ngati muvi, ikagwera pansi mosadukiza ndi kuwombera nthambi zomwe idawona buluzi kapena mtundu wina. kachilombo, nthawi zina kumachitika kuwona, modabwitsa, komwe kumawuluka mozungulira pamwamba pa mtengo, kufuna kuthamangitsa nyama, nthawi zina kite imawulukira zigzags, ngati kuti athawa kuthamangitsa mdani wowopsa, ndipo nthawi zina imawoneka kuti ikugwa pa ntchentche, ngati bastard-turman.
Amayenda maulendo ataliitali ndi ndege zazing'ono, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zodzaza zonse. Nthawi zina imakwera pamtunda kwambiri pakati pa akhwangwala ndi miimba kapena pagulu la ma kite. Amasenda khosi mofunitsitsa, mpaka wamantha uyu atatsikira pansi kuti aletse masewerawa kukhala osasangalatsa kwa iye. Poyenda ndi tizilombo tambiri, chokwawa kapena chaching'ono, kite imatembenukira mbali, imatambasulira zala zake ndi zala zazikulu ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwira nyama. Zikuoneka kuti amadya ntchentcheyo popanda kusangalala komanso kupepuka kuposa kukhala pamtengo. Sadzatsikanso pansi ali ndi thanzi. Samathira nkhosazo, ngakhale amakonda kuthamangitsa nkhandwe, amafuula kwambiri ndikudziponya, nayenso samakhudza mbalame. "Malinga ndi Ridgway, chakudya chake makamaka chimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njoka komanso ziwala. amagwira nyama ndi zikhadabo, ndipo amagwiritsanso ntchito mulomo motere.
Bokosa la Mississippian limakonza chisa chake pamtengo wakutali wa mitengo yayitali kwambiri, makamaka pamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri ndi mitengo yayikulu, yomwe imakongoletsa mayiko onse akum'mwera. Ntchito yomanga iyi imakhala yophweka kwambiri ndipo imawoneka ngati chisa cha khwangwala, imakhala ndi nthambi zobalalidwa pamwamba pa mzake, zopindika ndi Spanish moss, makungwa a mipesa ndi masamba owuma. Mazira awiri kapena atatu ozungulira amapakidwa utoto wakuda ndi chokoleti komanso malo akuda pamtambo wobiriwira. Amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 40 mm, ndipo mainchesi akulu kwambiri ndi 35 mm, kotero kuti ndi ozungulira komanso opanda mawanga. Mbalame zonsezi zimaswa mazira ndipo zimakonda anapiye ake kotero kuti amaziteteza molimba mtima kwa mdani aliyense, ngakhale kwa anthu. Audubon akuti ma kite awiri, chisa chomwe adalamulira kuti atuluke, chidawwalira kangapo pafupi ndi mutu wakuda womwe ukukwera chisa. Anapiyewo, akangophunzira kuuluka, amakhala ngati makolo awo ndipo ngakhale asananyamuke nthawi yozizira amapeza kuchuluka kwa mbalame zachikulire.
Kuchokera ku Encyclopedia "Zamoyo Zanyama" Wolemba Alfred Brehm.
Zizindikiro zakunja za Mississippi kite
Mississippi Kite ndi mbalame yaying'ono yolusa pafupifupi 37 - 38 cm ndipo imakhala ndi mapiko akuya masentimita 96. Kutalika kwa mapiko kumafika 29 cm, mchirawo umakhala ndi kutalika kwa 13 cm. Kulemera kwake: 270 388 magalamu.
Mississippi Kite (Ictinia mississippiensis)
Silhouette ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a falcon. Yaikazi imakhala ndi kukula ndipo imakhala ndi mapiko okulirapo pang'ono. Mbalame zachikulire zimakhala pafupifupi imvi kwathunthu. Mapikowo ali akuda ndipo mutuwo ndi wopepuka pang'ono. Nthenga zake ndi zazing'ono zowuluka ndipo pansi pa thupi ndi utoto wowala. Mphumi ndi malekezero a nthenga zazing'ono zakutsogolo ndizoyera zasiliva.
Mchira wa Mississippian kite ndi wapadera pakati pa adani onse okhala ndi nsapato ku North America, mtundu wake ndi wakuda kwambiri. Pamwambapa, mapiko ali ndi tintcheki ya bulauni m'dera la mapiko oyambira ndi mapiko oyera pazimphepete zam'mbali. Nthenga zokulirapo za mchira ndi mapiko, mapiko akulu ndi ntchentche zokhala ndi imvi. Chingwe chakuda chizungulira maso. Ma eyoni ndi imvi ya lead. Mlomo wawung'ono wakuda uli ndi mkombero wachikasu kuzungulira pakamwa. Iris ndi ofiira magazi. Miyendo ndi yofiira carmine.
Mitundu ya mbalame zazing'ono imasiyana ndi utoto wa nthenga za akuluakulu.
Mutu wawo ndi woyera, khosi komanso mbali zam'munsi za thupi zimapindika kwambiri zakuda ndi zofiirira. Zosefukira zonse ndi nthenga za mapiko ndizopepuka - zakuda ndi malire omveka. Kugulitsa mkati kumakhala ndi mikwingwirima itatu yoyera. Pambuyo pa molt wachiwiri, ana achichepere a Mississippi amatenga utoto wa mbalame zazikulu.
Kuphonya kwa Mississippi, kufunafuna chakudya, ndi kusamukira m'magulu.
Mississippian Kite Habitats
A Mississippi Kites amasankha malo apakati komanso kumwera chakumadzulo pakati pa nkhalango kuti adye. Amakhala m'malo obisika, pomwe pali mitengo yokhala ndi masamba ambiri. Amakonda zokongola m'nkhalango zazikulu za malo okhala, komanso malo obzala. Kummwera kwa mapiri, nkhanu za ku Mississippi zimapezeka m'nkhalango ndi malo obisalamo, m'malo omwe mitengo ya thundu imapezekanso ndi mitengo.
Kufalikira kwa Mississippi
Bokosa la Mississippi ndi mtundu wa mbalame zodya nyama ku North America. Amakhala ku Arizona, kum'mwera kwa mapiri akulu, kufalikira kummawa ku Carolina ndi kumwera mpaka Gulf of Mexico. Amakhala m'malo ambiri ku Texas, Louisiana ndi Oklahoma. M'zaka zaposachedwa, malo omwe amagawikirawa akuchulukirachulukira, motero mbalame zamtunduwu zimatha kuwoneka ku New England kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira komanso yotentha nyengo yachisanu. Abiti a Mississippi amatentha nyengo yachisanu ku South America, kumwera kwa Florida ndi Texas.
Mukamasaka nthawi zambiri amapinda mapiko ake ndipo imagona pansi kuti agwire.
Zokhudza mchitidwe wa Mississippian kite
Kuphonya kwa Mississippi, kufunafuna chakudya, ndi kusamukira m'magulu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'midzi. Amakhala nthawi yawo yambiri ali mlengalenga. Kuuluka kwawo kumakhalanso koyenera, koma mbalamezo nthawi zambiri zimasinthira uku ndi uku ndipo sizimayenda mozungulira. Kuuluka kwa ntchentche wa Mississippian ndikosangalatsa, kumakonda kuwuluka mumlengalenga osakupiza mapiko ake. Popita kusaka, nthawi zambiri amapinda mapiko ake ndikugwera pansi ndi mzere wofiyira, osakhudza nthambi, kuti agwire. Nyama yokhala ndi mbewa imasonyezanso kukongola modabwitsa, ikuwuluka pamwamba pa mtengo kapena thunthu kuti igwire. Nthawi zina mtundu wa Mississippi umapanga ndege ya zigzag, monga kupewa kuthamangitsa.
Mu Ogasiti, atapeza mafuta ambiri, mbalame zodya nyama zimachoka kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Simalowerera mkati mwenimweni; nthawi zambiri imadyera paminda yomwe ili pafupi ndi dziwe. Kupangidwanso kwa Mississippian kite.
Akatswiri a Mississippi ndi mbalame zodziwika bwino.
Awiri amapangidwa posachedwa kapena atangofika kumene ku malo odyera. Maulendo owonetsa ziwonetsero ndi osowa kwambiri, koma amuna nthawi zonse amatsatira chachikazi. Zinyama zokhala ndi mbewa zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi ana amodzi pamnyengo, zomwe zimayamba kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi. Kuyambira masiku 5 mpaka 7 atafika, mbalame zazikulu zimayamba kupanga chisa chatsopano kapena kukonza chakale, ngati zitasungidwa.
Mississippi kite anapiye chisa
Chidacho chili pamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wamtengo wamtali. Nthawi zambiri, ntchentche za Mississippian zimasankha thundu loyera kapena ma magnolia ndikusintha chisa pamtunda wa 3 mpaka 30 metres kuchokera padziko lapansi. Kapangidwe kake kamafanana ndi chisa cha akhwangwala, nthawi zina chimakhala pafupi ndi chisa cha njoka kapena njuchi, chomwe chimakhala chitetezo chokwanira pothana ndi anapiye a dermatobia. Zomangira zazikulu ndi nthambi zazing'ono ndi zidutswa za khungwa, pomwe mbalamezo zimayika Spanish moss ndi masamba owuma. Akatswiri a Mississippi nthawi zambiri amawonjezera masamba atsopano kuti aphimbe zinyalala ndi zinyalala zomwe zimadetsa pansi pake.
Mangani zisa pamitengo yayitali kwambiri ya mtengo wamtali
Mu clutch mumakhala mazira awiri - atatu ozungulira obiriwira, ophimbidwa ndi chokoleti - mawanga a bulauni komanso akuda. Kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 4 komanso mainchesi 3.5.Ndi mbalame zonse ziwiri zimasinthana ndikukhala pamasamba kwa masiku 29 mpaka 32. Nkhupakupa zimawoneka zamaliseche komanso zopanda thandizo, kotero kuti nkhamba zachikulire zimawasamalira popanda kusokoneza masiku 4 oyamba, ndikupereka chakudya.
Mississippian nthata chisa m'malire.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zosowa za mbalame zodya nyama zomwe zimakhala ndi othandizira. Akama ang'onoang'ono ali ndi chaka chimodzi amateteza chisa, komanso amatenga nawo mbali pomanga. Amasamaliranso anapiye. Mbalame zazikulu zimadyetsa ana osachepera milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Akama achichepere amachoka chisa pambuyo pa masiku 25, koma akulephera kuwuluka sabata limodzi kapena awiri, amadzilamulira patatha masiku 10 atachoka.
Pansi, nthiti ya Mississippi sikhala pansi.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Kites - mbalame zodyedwa lalikulu, banja la hawk. Kutalika kwake kumafikira 0,5 m; munthu wamkulu nkhanu yolemera 1 kg. Mapikowo ndi ochepa thupi, koma lalitali kutalika - ali ndi mapiko ofika mpaka 1.5 m.
Mitundu ya nthenga imakhala yosiyanasiyana, makamaka yofiirira, yofiirira, komanso yoyera yambiri. Kites nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi timiyendo tating'ono, ndipo yaying'ono, yaying'ono yokhotedwa ndi mbedza. Pofufuza chakudya, amakhala nthawi yayitali mlengalenga, akuyenda pang'onopang'ono m'malo osaka.
Kukhazikika kwa mbalame za nyama zodyerazi ndizosangalatsa, komabe, ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la ma kites lomwe limakhala moyo wongokhala. Monga magawo otere, nthawi zambiri amasankha m'nkhalango zowirira pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.
1. Kite wakuda. Ndi wamba. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 50-60 masentimita, kulemera - 800-1100 g, mapiko a 140-155 masentimita ndi mapiko kutalika kwa 41-51 cm.
Anthu okhala kite wakuda kulikonse, kutengera dera mbalame kumatha kukhala ndi moyo wokhala pansi komanso wamisala.
Mverani mawu a kiti wakuda
Mndandanda wamphaka wakuda:
- Ma kite aku Europe omwe amakhala ku Europe (madera akumwera chakum'mawa ndi pakati) nthawi yozizira ku Africa. Mutu wake ndi utoto wowala.
- Kite-eyred wakite, amakhala ku Siberia, kudera la Amur Region.
- Kite waung'ono wa ku India yemwe amakhala kum'mawa kwa Pakistan, kotentha kwa India, komanso ku Sri Lanka.
- Forktail kite, waku Papua ndi East Australia.
- Woyang'anira ku Taiwan woyendayenda ku Taiwan ndi Hainan.
Ojambulidwa ndi Forktail Kite
Malo osaka a kite wakuda ndi malo obisalamo nkhalango, minda, magombe ndi mitsinje. Samakonda kusaka nkhalango. Chowonjezera cha Kite chimakhala ngati polyphage.
Ngakhale chakudya chake chachikulu ndi cha gopher, chimatha kusaka nsomba, mbewa zosiyanasiyana, zonyansa, mbewa, maudzu akuluakulu, abuluzi, mbalame zazing'ono (mpheta, zovala zakuda, mitengo yamtengo wapatali, mitengo yamatabwa), mavu.
2. Whistler Kite. Amakhala komwe amakhala ku Australia, New Caledonia ndi New Guinea. Ndi mbalame ya nkhalango zowala, imakhala pafupi ndi madzi. Mwambiri, zimakhazikitsa moyo wodekha, mkati mwa biocenosis yomweyo, komabe, nthawi zina imatha kusamukira kumadera akumpoto kwa Africa panthawi yamvula.
Adapeza dzina lake loyitanira mayendedwe achisoni kwambiri. Mbalameyi imaliza mluzu nthawi yonse yakuuluka ndipo ikakhala chisa. Kite kufuula Mluzu umamveka ngati mzungu wofuula, womwe umakhala wopatsa chidwi, wotsatiridwa ndi waufupi, aliyense wapamwamba kuposa woyamba.
Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo zolengedwa zonse zomwe zimatha kupeza: nsomba, tizilombo, zouluka, ma amphibians, crustaceans, nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi mbalame. Sanakane ndipo anagwa, ndipo ku New Guinea ma kite amapanga mkango wa chakudya. Azungu amadya zovalazo kokha nthawi yozizira.
3. The Brahmin kite. Mtunduwu umatha kupezeka ku Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Southeast Asia ndi Australia. Imakhala m'malo otentha / madera otentha, makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Ambiri amakhala mkati mwa biocenosis omwewo, koma amatha kupanga maulendo ena oyendetsedwa ndi nyengo yamvula. Maziko a chakudya cha mbalameyo ndi zovunda, nsomba zakufa ndi nkhanu. Nthawi zina amasaka nyama, nsomba ndi kuba kwa adani ena.
4. Kiti yofiyira. Kukula kwapakatikati (kutalika kwa thupi: 60-65 cm, kutalika: 175-195 cm). Pali ma subspecies awiri. Ma Habitats amasiyana padziko lonse lapansi: kuchokera ku Scandinavia, Europe ndi mayiko a CIS kupita ku Africa, zilumba za Canary ndi Caucasus. Imakonda nyengo yotentha, nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanikirana pafupi ndi zigwa ndi minda.
Mverani mawu a kiti wofiyira
5. Kite zala-ziwiri. Adalandira dzina lake lalikulu ngati mano awiri pamlomo. Ndiwowoneka-miyendo. Makulidwe ake ndi ochepa, kulemera kwakukulu: 230 g. M'mbuyomu, adadziwika kuti ndi banja la falcon. Amakhala m'madambo otentha / otentha, kuyambira kum'mwera kwa Mexico mpaka ku Brazil. Chimakhala kulikonse paliponse.
6. Tsitsi la imvi. Zoweta ku Eastern Mexico, Peru, Argentina, pachilumba cha Ptia, Trinidad. M'nyengo yozizira, imawulukira kumwera. Wachibale wa Mississippian kite, komabe, imasiyana ndi iyo pazovala zasiliva zakuda, komanso m'mphepete mwa mapiko owoneka ngati mfuwa.
Imakhala m'matanthwe ndi m'nkhalango zowirira. Chakudya chachikulu ndi tizilombo tambiri tambiri tomwe timayikamo mitengo ndi zokwawa zosiyanasiyana.
Mississippi kite muganizireni ma subspecies. Amakhala ku South-Central dera la United States, amasamukira kumayiko akumwera. Amakonda nyengo yofunda, ndizosangalatsa.
7. Zowononga. Wokhala ku South-Central America. Mbalameyi ndi yapakatikati kukula, kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 36-48, mapiko a 100-120 cm ndi kulemera kwa 350-550 g. Chakudya chake chokha ndi nkhono, chifukwa chake imakhala pafupi ndi madambo ndi madamu. Pogwiritsa ntchito mulomo wowonda, wokhota, wolimbana ndi nkhosayo amakoka chigamba chachigobacho.
8. Spongy kite. Kugawidwa ku Australia konse, koma osati anthu ambiri. Amakhala moyo wongokhala, koma mbalame zina zimayenda maulendo osamukasamuka. Zakudya zake ndi zinyama zazing'ono, mbalame ndi mazira awo, zokwawa, nkhono ndi tizilombo.
9. Kite yamaso akuda. Pamakhala kumpoto kwa Australia. Monga nyumba, amasankha malo otentha, nthenga, malo owuma komanso zipululu. Ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri ku Australia yotalika masentimita 50-60, mapiko a 145-155 masentimita, ndi kulemera mpaka 1300 g.
Nyama yake ndi nyama zokwawa, zazinyama zazing'ono, mbalame ndi zisa zawo. Kambuku wamphongo wakuphazi wakuda amatha kudula mwala pansi mbalame.
Moyo & Habitat
Ndizosatheka kulingalira ngati mbalameyi imasamukira. Zambiri mwa izi zokhala ndi zowetchera zimasamukira nthawi yozizira, ndipo mitundu yochepa yokha, mitundu ya anthu kapena anthu pawokha ndi omwe amakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika. Nthawi zambiri kumakhala ku Africa ndi kumayiko otentha a Asia, mitundu ina ya ku Australia imasamukira kumayiko ena.
Poti kuthawa, nkhanu zimasonkhana m'magulu akulu, omwe amafunikira mbalame zodyedwa.
Kufika kwa anthu oyamba omwe amapezeka ndi malo odyera kumawonedwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mu Marichi. M'munsi Dnieper, zitha kuwoneka masiku angapo apitawo.
Kuchoka kumachitika makamaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala komanso kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Anthu akumpoto kwa kite amabwera kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ndikunyamuka kumayambiriro kwa masiku 7-9.
Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti nkhanu zimayatsa moto m'nkhalango, kudziwotcha pamoto, potero "kusuta" kumabera m'makomo
Ma Kites amasankhidwa ndi malo akuluakulu osungirako, omwe amawapatsa mwayi wosaneneka pakusaka ndi kupulumuka. Kuteteza malo osaka mbalame sikophweka. Kuteteza nyumba zawo kuti zisasokeredwe ndi abale awo, ma kites amayala zinthu zonyezimira kuti aziwachotsa.
Pofufuza, mbalame zamtunduwu zimatha kuwuluka kwa nthawi yayitali mlengalenga. Akatswiri ambiri a m'magazi amatha kudziwa mtundu wa makite posiyanitsa ndi ma contour akumwamba.
Mississippi kite kudya
Mississippi, makamaka mbalame zoteteza. Amadya:
Kusaka tizilombo kumachitika pokwera. Pansi, nthiti ya Mississippi sikhala pansi. Mbalame yakudya ikangolowa chambiri, imatambasulira mapiko ake ndikuwotchera khwawa, ikaigwira ndi imodzi kapena ziwiri.
Kiteyi imang'amba miyendo ndi mapiko kuchokera kwa womenyedwayo, ndipo imatha thupi lonse kuwuluka kapena kukhala pamtengo. Chifukwa chake, zotsalira za ma invertebrates nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pafupi ndi chisa cha Mississippian kite. Zamoyo za Vertebrate zimapereka gawo laling'ono la zakudya za mbalame zodyedwa. Awa ndi nyama makamaka zomwe zidamwalira m'mbali mwa mseu pambuyo pogundana ndi magalimoto.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Kiti zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu komanso zazitali kuposa zazimuna. Onsewa akuchita nawo ntchito yomanga chisa. Mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito nthambi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo thirayo imakhala ndi udzu wouma, zitosi, nsalu, zidutswa za pepala, ubweya, ndi zinthu zina.
Mukakonza chisa, kite wakuda amatetezanso ndi nthambi ndikupanga maziko atsopano. Chisa chomwechi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka zaka 4-5, chifukwa chake, chimatha kusintha kukula nthawi yonseyi.
Mpheta zambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'makoma a zisa. Zisa izi zimapezeka kwambiri pamitengo mpaka 20 m pamwamba pa nthaka, nthawi zina kutalika kwa 10-11 m. Mitengo ya Nest nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi - thundu, alder, bark.
Ku Dnieper, nkhanu zakuda zimayamba kuyikira mazira mu Epulo - Meyi. Madeti a chizindikiro ndi chisonyezo chabwino chambiri cha momwe kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhudzira kubereka.
Kuyika mazira akuda akuda kumachitika kokha kutalika kwa maola 14.5-15. Kubzala kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 26-28 ndikuyamba dzira loyamba. Clutch yonse imachokera ku mazira awiri kapena anayi.
Amphaka amphaka
Ming'oma kubowola kuyambira Meyi mpaka June. M'malo odyera anapiye amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana amapezeka. Akatswiri a Ornithologists adawona milandu ya kufa kwa chifuwa, chifukwa chakudya chochuluka ndi anapiye okalamba, komanso chifukwa chakuti akathawa, makolo nthawi zambiri amaletsa chisamaliro cha ana awo.
Mwambiri, kuchuluka kwa anapiye amtundu wakuda ku Samara Bor (malinga ndi zomwe A. D. Kolesnikov akuyerekeza) ndi 59,5%. Ambiri mwaimfa yawo amakhudzana mwachindunji ndi zochita za anthu.
(Haliastur sphenurus)
Kugawidwa ku Australia konse (kuphatikizapo zilumba zam'mphepete mwa nyanja), ku New Caledonia, komanso ku New Guinea (kupatula mbali zake kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi mapiri pakati pa chisumbucho). Whistler kite ndi mbalame yakuthengo. Amakonzekera kukhazikika pafupi ndi madzi. Imachitika pamalo okwera mpaka 1400 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Mwambiri, iyi ndi mbalame yokhala phee, koma ku Australia, akunguwa ena amalira kumayiko ena amapita ku gombe lakumpoto kwa Africa nthawi yamvula. Kuchokera kumwera kwa Australia, anthu ena amasamukira kumwera chakumapeto. Kummwera kwa Australia, chiwerengero cha ma k whist whistling chikuchepa chifukwa cha kukhetsa kwa ma swamp ndipo - chifukwa chake - kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ozunzidwa.
Whistle kite imakula masentimita 50-60 kutalika ndi mapiko a 123-146 cm.Ulemera - kuchokera 380 mpaka 1050 g.Monga mbalame zina zambiri zamtunduwu, zamtunduwu, zazikazi ndizazikulu komanso zazikulu kuposa zazimuna, kusiyana kwakukulu kumatha kufika 21% kukula kwake ndi 42% polemera. Kumagawo akum'mwera kwa magulu, azungu nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kuposa gawo lakumpoto lotentha. Zowonjezera zamitundu yonseyi ndizofanana. Akuluakulu, mutu, chifuwa ndi mchira wake ndi chikaso chakuda, mapiko ali pafupi ndi bulauni, ndipo nthenga zakuda. Achinyamata - ovala zovala zofiirira komanso zofiirira, okhala ndi mapiko owoneka bwino pamapiko. Onse awiri akulu ndi achikulire, miyendo yake yopanda utoto, yopanda mafupa. Pazonse, kite-whistler imawoneka ngati mbalame yokhala ndi mutu wawung'ono ndi mchira wautali, mbalameyo ikakhala, mapiko ake amawoneka ofupikirapo poyerekeza ndi mchira. Ngakhale ali ndi miyendo yakeifupi, mzunguyu amayenda kwambiri pansi. Komabe, mbalameyi imakonda kuwuluka pamapiko ogwedezeka pang'ono, pomwe nthenga za nthenga zouluka zimakhala zowoneka bwino. Nthenga zomwe zili m'munsi mwa mapiko zimasiyanasiyana.
Whistler kite ndi mbalame yamaphokoso, nthawi zambiri amalira mokweza komanso akakhala, ngakhale atakhala pachisa. Nthawi zambiri, kufuula kwake kumakhala kowomba, pang'onopang'ono kumayimba mluzu, pambuyo pake (kawirikawiri - pamaso pake) mutha kumva mndandanda wazizungu, womwe uliwonse umakhala wokwera kuposa woyamba. Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhazokha kapena ziwiri, koma nthawi zina - makamaka pakusamuka, kukakhala usiku umodzi, komanso m'malo omwe mumakhala chakudya chochuluka - zimatha kusonkhana pagulu.
Imadyetsa pachilichonse chomwe chimatha kugwira: nyama zazing'ono, mbalame, nsomba, nyama zapambuyo, amphibians, crustaceans, tizilombo. Osanyalanyaza komanso zovunda. Akatswiri aku Australia amakonda kusaka nyama yamoyo (koma osati nthawi yozizira, pomwe amadya kwambiri carrion), ku New Guinea mbalamezi ndizovunda kwambiri. Akasaka, amagwira munthu pansi kapena pansi pamadzi, ngakhale kuti tiziromboti titha kumugwira. Amaberekanso chakudya kuchokera ku akhola ndi mbalame za mbalame, komanso kwa mbalame zina zodya nyama, pomwe amapangitsa mbalame zazikulu zam'madzi kutulutsa nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa ndi aja. Nthawi zambiri amayendayenda m'misewu posaka nyama zomwe zimagundidwa ndi magalimoto. Amagwiritsanso ntchito moto wa steppe, kugwira nyama zoopsa m'mphepete mwamoto.
Kummwera kwa Australia, nthawi yobzala imayamba kuyambira mwezi wa June mpaka Okutobala, kumpoto kwa Australia kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Meyi. Komabe, kumpoto kwa Australia komanso madera ena otentha, ming'alu ya kooshu imatha kukhala nthawi iliyonse mvula ikagwa, chifukwa choti nyama yake imakula. Chizungu chakuwa: ndi nsanja yayikulu yopangidwa ndi masamba. Chisa chimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira, omwe amapezeka pa foloko mumtengo wocheperako - nthawi zambiri amakhala bulu kapena pine pathanthwe la mitsinje. Ma kite kawiri nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chisa chomwecho chaka ndi chaka, kumaliza icho, kotero zisa zimakula kwambiri. Yaikazi nthawi zambiri imayikira mazira oyera obiriwira, nthawi zina mazira okutidwa ndi mawanga ofiira. Magulu a mazira amodzi okha kapena, motere, mazira anayi amadziwikanso. Kumaswa kumatenga masiku 35- 40, anapiye amatuluka pafupifupi 60% mazira. Anapiyewo amaphimbidwa ndi kirimu kapena chofiirira-chofiirira; amatuluka pakatha masiku 44-54 atawaswa, kenako amachoka chisa. Komabe, ngakhale atachoka chisa, amadalirabe kwa makolo awo kwa masabata ena a 6-8.
(Haliastur indus)
Kugawidwa ku Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, komanso ku Southeast Asia ndi Australia mpaka komanso ku New South Wales. Ngakhale amagawidwa kwambiri, mtundu wa Brahmin makamaka ndi mbalame yokhala pansi. M'madera ena okha omwe mumakhala nyengo zomwe zimasinthidwa ndi mvula yamvula. Amakhala makamaka m'malo a madera otentha komanso otentha: madambo a mitsinje, mitengo yam'madzi, magombe, miyala yamchenga, madoko, amakhalanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja, madambo, minda yamapunga. Kwenikweni, mbalameyi imakhala kumapeto, koma ku Himalayas imatha kupezeka pamalo okwera mpaka 1500 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Kutalika konse kwa thupi ndi masentimita 45-51, mapikowo ndi masentimita 109 mpaka 144, kulemera kwa thupi kuchokera pa 320 mpaka 670 g. Wamkazi ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuposa wamwamuna. Zambiri mwa mbalame zachikulire zimakhala zofiirira, mutu ndi chifuwa choyera chokha.
Ndi mtundu wa chakudya, makamaka chimakhala chofufumitsa, chimadya nsomba zakufa ndi nkhanu, makamaka m'madambo. Nthawi ndi nthawi amasaka mahatchi kapena mileme. Komanso amaba nyama zomwe zimadyedwa ndi mbalame zina. Osakonda kudya uchi, kuwononga ming'oma ya njuchi yaying'ono. Msodzi amauluka pamadzi, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina amatha kuyenda popanda mavuto, kunyamuka kumadzi ndi kusambira. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakonda kusewera mwa kuponya masamba amtengo ndikuwagwira mlengalenga.
Ma kitesi amasungidwa okha kapena awiriawiri, nthawi zina amasonkhana pagulu lalikulu. Ku South Asia, kufalitsa kuyambira Disembala mpaka Epulo. Ku Australia, kuyambira mu Ogasiti mpaka Okutobala madera louma komanso kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni mu dera lonyowa la kumpoto kwa Africa. Chisa chimamangidwa kuchokera kumitengo yaying'ono ndi nthambi; Chimakhala paz mitengo zosiyanasiyana (pamtunda wa 2 mpaka 30 m), koma imakonda mitengo yamangati. Chaka ndi chaka chimakhala malo amodzi. Nthawi zambiri samamanga chisa pansi pa mtengo. Mu clutch 2 mazira oyera oyera kapena oyera. Makolo onsewa amapanga chisa ndi kudyetsa anapiye, koma achikazi okha ndi omwe amadzisaka. Kubwatcha kumatenga masiku 26 mpaka 35. Anapiyewo amalowa m'masiku 40-56, koma kwa miyezi iwiri amadalira makolo awo.
(Milvus milvus)
Zoweta ku Scandinavia, Central ndi Southern Europe, Caucasus, Asia Little, kumpoto kwa Iran, Africa kuchokera pagombe la Strait of Gibraltar, Canary Islands ndi Cape Verde Islands. Mbalame zokhala ku kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa masoka achilengedwe (Sweden, Poland, Germany, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus) ndizosamukasamuka, zosamukira kumwera ndi kumadzulo nthawi yozizira, makamaka kumadera a Mediterranean. Kummwera chakumadzulo kwa masanjidwewo, mbalame zimangokhala. Imakonda nkhalango zachikale zosakanikirana ndi malo osakanikirana ndi malo azikhalidwe. Ku Spain, komwe pafupifupi 22% ya zisa zonse za ku Europe komanso malo achitentha nthawi yayitali, mbalame zimakonda malo olima kwambiri, osakweza m'mapiri. Pewani chinyezi kwambiri kapena chinyezi.
Mbalame yayitali-yayitali kutalika kwa 61-22 masentimita, ndi mapiko a 175-200 cm ndi kulemera kwa 900-1400 g. Mutu ndi khosi ndi imvi. Maso ali ofunira amtundu, wokhala ndi mkombero wachikasu mozungulira, wobisika pang'ono. Ndalamayo ndi yachikaso pamunsi, imvi kapena yakuda kumapeto, yokhotakhota, yokhotakhota kumapeto. Thupi ndilabwino. Mapikowo ndi aatali, pomwe akuwuluka ngati nthambi V. Mchirawo ndi wautali, wopindika ngati foloko, nthawi zambiri umapinda. Makulidwe amthupi, kumtunda kwa mchira ndi nthenga zophimba zamapikozo ndi tayi, ndipo amtundu wautali wakuda pachifuwa. Nthenga zoyambirira zimayera ndi malekezero akuda. Nthenga za nthenga zachiungwe chachiwiri ndi imvi. Miyendo yake imakhala chikaso chowoneka bwino, nthawi zina imawoneka bwino pansi pomwe ikuuluka. Kuyerekeza zogonana sikunafotokozeredwe. Mu mbalame zazing'ono, mchaka choyamba cha moyo, bere ndi m'mimba ndizopepuka komanso zowoneka bwino, ndipo mchira wawung'ono pamchira sukutchulidwa motero.
Ngakhale kuti ma kite ofiira ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri, sikuti imakhala yolusa komanso si yolimba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina zodyedwa. Pikusaka, imayenda pamtunda wotsika, ndikuyang'ana masewera ang'ono. Atazindikira kuti wovutikayo, amagwa pansi ndi mwala ndikuugwira ndi zopindika zake. Imakonda nyama zazing'ono, mbalame, nyama zam'mlengalenga, zokwawa, zonyansa. Nthawi zina amadyedwa ndi zovunda, makamaka mabwinja a nkhosa. Tazindikira kuti nyama yakugwa, imadikira pang'ono mpaka mbalame zamphamvu kwambiri, monga njoka kapena akhwangwala, zadzaza.
Ana oyamba amapezeka pakati pa zaka 2 mpaka 4. Kites ndi ogwidwa. Monga lamulo, nthenga zimakhalabe moyo wonse, ngakhale zimakhala nthawi yotalikirana ndi inzake kunja kwa nthawi yoswana. Amakhulupirira kuti kukonzanso pachaka sikubwera chifukwa chokondana, koma chifukwa choti mbalamezo zimasamala za malo ogona ndipo chaka chilichonse zimabwerera komwe zidakhala kale. Mbalame zazing'ono zimayesetsa kukonzekeretsa chisa chawo choyamba m'dera lomwelo lomwe adadzibalitsa. Kuyenda ndi kumanga chisa kumayambira mu Marichi, masabata 2-4 asanaike mazira. Ana ang'onoang'ono, kusamba koyamba, izi zimachitika patapita nthawi, kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Zimachitika kuti nthawi yachisanu yozizira mbalame zopanda nzeru zimayamba kutolera zomanga mu Januware, koma kuyesayesa koteroko kumatha. M'masewera akukhwima, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimawulukira mothamanga ndi kuthamanga ndi kulowera mbali yomaliza, nthawi zina ndikumagwirana wina ndi mzake. Nthawi zina amatha kuyeserera nkhondo wina ndi mnzake, kulumikizana mwachangu mlengalenga, kufikira atatsika nthambi zamitengo.
Chidacho chimapangidwa mumphanda mumtengo, nthawi zambiri mitengo yamtengo wapatali, linden kapena pine, pamtunda wamtunda wa 12-20 mamita pamwamba pa nthaka. Nthawi zina, m'malo momanga, zisa zakale kapena akhwangwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chisa chomwechi chimakhala zaka zingapo. Zomangira zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nthambi zouma zomwe zimamangiriza pamodzi ndi udzu kapena zomera zina. Masiku atatu musanamangidwe, chisa chimakutidwa ndi ubweya wa nkhosa.
Kuyika mazira kumachitika m'mwezi wa Epulo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mazira oyera (omwe ndi 4) kawirikawiri. Mazira amaikidwa motsatizana masiku atatu aliwonse. Ngati pazifukwa zina mazira (koma osati anapiye) adataika, wamkazi amatha kuyambiranso kunyengako. Mwana m'modzi yekha amabadwa pachaka. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe ndi masiku 31- 32, kapena masiku 37- 383 kuti mazira atatu akhale ochepa. Zachikazi zokha zimadzalowa, zamphongo nthawi imeneyi zimamupezera chakudya. Nthawi zina, wamkazi amatuluka chisa mumphindi zingapo, nasiya osasamalidwa. Tiyeti tambiri tamadonthono timawoneka tambiri, munjira yoyikira mazira. Pambuyo pa kubereka, masabata awiri oyambilira amatsalira ndi anapiye mu chisa, pomwe amphongo amawapatsa zakudya. Pambuyo pake, njirayo imawulukiranso. Nkhuku zimachita nkhanza kwa wina ndi mzake, ngakhale izi sizipangitsa kuti zibwere. Nthawi yomwe anapiyewo amayamba kuwuluka zimatengera kukula kwa ana komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya. Pakatha masiku pafupifupi makumi atatu, amayamba kusamukira kuma nthambi oyandikana, ndipo nthawi zambiri amauluka ndege asanadutse masiku 48-50, ndipo nthawi zina atatha masiku 60-70. Poyimirira kumapiko, anapiyewo amakhalabe ndi makolo awo kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu.
(Milvus migrans)
Kugawidwa ku Africa (kupatula Sahara) ndi Madagascar, kuzilumba zina, makamaka ku Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea, ndipo pomaliza ku Australia. Kugawidwa mokulira ku Europe (kuchokera ku Iberian Peninsula, France ndi Belgium kummawa kupita ku Balkan Peninsula, Romania, Ukraine ndi kumpoto mpaka ku Sweden), mkati ndi kumwera kwa Russia (kummawa mpaka Primorye), ku Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Asia Minor, Northern Iran, Afghanistan, India, Southeast Asia, China, Japan, ndi Korea Peninsula. Ku Palearctic, ndi mbalame yosamukira; m'malo ena a malo osungira, imakhazikika. Kiti yakuda imafunika mitengo kuti ikhale chisa mbali imodzi, ndi madzi, okhalamo omwe ndiofunika kwambiri podyetsa ana, kumbali inayo. Zambiri zimasungidwa pafupi ndi malo okhala. Amapezeka paphiri komanso m'nkhalango zamapiri.
Kutalika konse kwa thupi ndi 50-60 cm, mapiko a 140-155 masentimita, kulemera kwa 800-1100 g. Akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa amuna. Kupaka utoto wa mbalame zazikulu (wazaka ziwiri kapena zopitilira): mbali yakumaso ndi yakuda, korona nthawi zina imayera ndi matalala akuda, ntchentche yakuda yakuda bii ndi mabatani okuwala amkati, mbali yofiirira yokhala ndi mawonekedwe amdima odera, mbali yakunja ya bulauni, nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiyira. Mlomo ndi miyendo yachikasu. Iris ndi yofiirira kapena yotuwa. Voice - melodic trill "yurl-yyurrl-yyurrrl" komanso pafupipafupi "ki-ki-ki".
Kiti yakuda ndi mbalame yopatsa chidwi. Amadyetsa zovunda ndi zinyalala, komanso nsomba, anapiye, nyama zazing'ono, amphibians, repitili ndi tizilombo.Imasaka m'malo otseguka, ndikuwuluka pang'onopang'ono m'malo akulu, pamtunda wa pafupifupi 70-100 m. Nyama imakhala yokwanira paws, ndipo nthawi zina imadumphira nsomba kuchokera kukukula kwake m'njira yayikulu. Popita kukasaka, nthawi zina nkhanu zimawuluka kuchoka ku chisa, makilomita 5-6, ndipo awiriawiri malo osaka sakhala ochepa kwenikweni ngati mbalame zina zodya. Amawuluka kukasaka posachedwa kutacha, pakati pa tsiku nkhaka zimapumula, ndipo madzulo kuchokera pa maola 16 mpaka 17 zimasaka kachiwiri.
Kites nthawi zambiri imakhala m'magulu, ndikupanga magulu ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zambiri amamanga zisa zake, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nyumba zakale za mbalame zina (nkwangwa, akhwangwala). Kites amayamba kumanga kapena kukonza chisa chakumapeto kwa Epulo, kuchokera pomwe amafika. Chisa chomwechi chimakhala zaka zingapo. Nkhondo nthawi zambiri zimakhala pam mitengo, pafupi ndi mphonje kapena mitsinje, kumwera nthawi zina pamiyala. Kukula kwa zisa ndikosiyanasiyana, pafupifupi, kutalika kwa 50-70 masentimita komanso kutalika kwa 30-40, kutalika kokhala ndi matumba, ubweya, zinyalala za chakudya, ndowe, zidutswa za pepala, udzu wouma, ndi zina. Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi. Masonry amakhala ndi 2-3, nthawi zambiri mazira 1 kapena 4, oyera ndi mikwaso ya bulauni ndi mawanga. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imakhala pafupifupi masiku 30. Zachikazi zimaswa mazira, ndipo zimatenga gawo limodzi wamwamuna. Nthochi zimapezeka kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni. Imodzi mwa mazira mu clutch nthawi zambiri imakhala yolankhula. Mwana wankhuku amathandiza kuti njuchi izimasuke ku chigamba. Kusiyana kwa kuwaswa ndi masiku 2-3. Kufa kwa anapiye ndikofunikira: ana ocheperako nthawi zambiri amafa, nthawi zina chifukwa cha cannibalism. Chingwe chimakhala ndi zaka 25 ndikusiya chisa pazaka pafupifupi 6, muzisunga masiku oyandikira pafupi ndi chisa. Achinyamata othawa amakumana pamasiku osiyanasiyana mu Julayi. Ana amaphatikizana mpaka kutuluka, pamene magulu abusa amapanga.
(Harpagus bidentatus)
Kugawidwa kuchokera kumwera kwa Mexico kumwera mpaka kummawa kwa Peru, pakati komanso kum'mawa kwa Brazil. Pamakhala mapiri otentha komanso otentha.
Kutalika kwa thupilo ndi 29- 35 cm, mapiko ndi 60-72 masentimita, misa ndi 161-198 g, ndipo zazikazi ndi zokulirapo kuposa amphaka, kulemera kwawo ndi 190-229 g .Ili ndi dzina chifukwa cha mano awiri pakamwa.
Popita kusaka, amakhala pansi, ndikuyang'ana abuluzi, achule ndi tizilombo munkhalango. Poona nyama ikugwera mwachangu.
(Harpagus diodon)
Yogawidwa kummawa ndi pakati pa Brazil, kum'mawa kwa Bolivia, Paraguay ndi kumpoto kwa Argentina, imapezekanso kumpoto kwa Guyana, Suriname ndi French Guiana. Amakhala m'nkhalango zotsika kwambiri zamitundu mitundu.
Kutalika konse kwa thupi ndi 29- 35 cm, mapiko - 60-72 cm.
Imayang'ana nyama yake ikagwera panthambi ya mitengo pakati kapena patango m'nkhalangoyi. Imadyera tizilombo tambiri, makamaka cicadas, komanso imadyanso abuluzi, achule ndi mbewa.
Kite yokhala ndi tsitsi lofiirira imamanga chisa chake kutalika pafupifupi mamita 12 pamwamba pa nthaka, ndiye mbale yopanda nthambi zouma. Mu clutch nthawi zambiri mazira 1-2.
(Ictinia mississippiensis)
Izi zokhala ma kite pakati komanso kum'mwera kwa United States, zimasamukira kumwera nthawi yozizira, kupita ku Eastern Bolivia, Southern Brazil, Paraguay ndi Northern Argentina.
Mbalame zachikulire zimapakidwa utoto wonyezimira, wokhala ndi mutu wopepuka komanso mbali yamkati ya phikoyo ndi ulalo wakuda ndi mbali yakunja ya mapiko. Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi maonekedwe ofanana, mutu ndi khosi la amuna ndizomwe zimapuma. Kutalika konse kwa thupi ndi 30-37 masentimita, mapiko ndi pafupifupi masentimita 91, kulemera kwake kuyambira 214 mpaka 388 g.
Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi tizilombo (cicadas, ziwala, dzombe), zomwe zimagwira. Nthawi zina amadya mbalame zazing'ono, abuluzi, achule ndi anyani.
Mississippian nthata chisa m'malire. Makolo onse, omwe amakhala ndi zowerengeka chimodzi pachaka, amasamalira ana, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi chimbudzi cha mtundu wa raccoon komanso chowunda cha Namwali. Mu clutch nthawi zambiri 2-3 mazira oyera. Chisa chimapangidwa kuchokera ku nthambi zazing'ono zowuma ndipo imakhala korona wa mtengo wabwino. Mbalame zazing'ono zimachoka pachisa masiku 30 mpaka 35 pambuyo pomenyera.
(Ictinia plumbea)
Ma kite grey amachokera ku Eastern Mexico kupita ku Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, komanso pachilumba cha Trinidad. Mbalame zokhala ku kumpoto kwa masanjidwewa nthawi yachisanu zimasamukira kumwera.
Kutalika konse kwa thupi ndi 33- 38 cm, mapiko ndi pafupifupi 90cm, kulemera kwa thupi ndi 190-280 g. Amasiyana ndi mitundu yake yapafupi, Mississippi kite, mumdima wakuda, mtundu wa kutsogolera, ndi m'mphepete kumbuyo kwa mapiko. Mchira wakuda wachidule uli ndi mikwingiri yoyera ya 2-3. Utawaleza ndi wofiira, sera ndi imvi, miyendo yake ndi yachikasu. Wofiirira wachinyamata wokhala ndi timakalamba, utawaleza wachikasu.
Kite uyu ndi wokhalamo nkhalango ndi malo obisika. Nthawi zambiri, imasaka tizilombo touluka pamakona amitengo, imaponya kwakanthawi kochepa. Nthawi zina pamakhala ma invertebrates okwanira, abuluzi, njoka zazing'ono kuchokera ku nthambi kapena kuchokera padziko lapansi.
Amanga zisa m'mitengo yayikulu, pakuyala mazira awiri oyera. Kubwatula kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 32, kenako makolo amadyetsa ana awo kwa mwezi umodzi.
(Rostrhamus socialabilis)
Kugawidwa m'chigawo chotentha cha South America, ku Central America, ku Florida Peninsula ndi pachilumba cha Cuba.
Slug -odya ndi mbalame yayitali. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 36-48 cm, mapiko ndi 99-120 cm, ndipo misa ndi pafupifupi 300-5570 g. Amuna ndi akuda-amaso, mchira ndi imvi ndi chingwe chakuda. Maso ndi ma thunzi afiira. Zachikazi zimakhala zofiirira zomwe zimakhala zofiirira. Chizindikiro cha mtunduwu ndi mawonekedwe apadera a mulomo wocheperako komanso mulomo wotalika, wowongoka pansi. Chifukwa cha mulomo uwu, wovinirayo amadya chakudya kuchokera ku zipolopolo - nkhono zamadzi amtundu wa Pomacea.
Amakhala m'madambo, kukhazikika m'magulu a awiriawiri 6-10. Nthawi zina magulu a Slug-eater kite amafikira awiriawiri. Chakudya chokha chomwe chimadya keke yokhala ndi shuga ndi ma ampullaria - masentimita atatu mpaka atatu. Kite imawagwira m'mawa kapena madzulo, pamene nkhono zimatuluka m'madzi kupita ku chomera. Amachotsa nkhonoyo kuchokera ku chigobacho ndi mulomo wake wamlitali wopindika, ndikuugwira ndi zala zazitali zokhala ndi zibowo zakuthwa.
Zisa zam'madzi zimadyera mabango, mabango, mitengo yotsika, kuzilumba pakati pa dambo. Chidacho chimakhala chosalimba, nthawi zambiri chimawonongedwa ndi mphepo ndi mvula. Pakumanga mazira 3-4 Kuchita kumenyedwa kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 28. Makolo onsewa amathandizira anapiyewo.
(Helicolestes hamatus)
Kugawidwa kumpoto kwa South America. Mumakhala nkhalango zotentha, zosungidwa pafupi ndi dziwe.
Kunja, chimafanana ndi kite waulesi, koma ali ndi mchira wamfupi.
Chakudyachi chimakhala chifukwa cha nkhono zamadzi za mtundu wa Pomacea, nthawi zina zimadya nkhanu.
(Lophoictinia isura)
Kugawidwa pafupifupi ku Australia konse, koma kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi kumakhala kotsika kwambiri. Imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana: nkhalango zotseguka komanso zotentha, zitsamba, zigwa zamtsinje, malo opanda mapiri ndi malo osanja, nthawi zina amapezeka m'mapaki amtawuni ndi malo a gofu. Amakhala moyo wongokhala, koma anthu ena amasamuka kwakanthawi.
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 50-56 masentimita, mapiko ndi 130-145 cm, kulemera kwa amuna ndi pafupifupi 500 g, ndipo akazi ndi 650 g.
Ear akathamba akuwuluka pamwamba pa korona zamitengo posaka nyama. Amadyetsa mbalame zazing'ono ndi mazira awo, zinyama zazing'ono, zokwawa, tizilombo ndi nkhono.
Mbalamezi zimasungidwa limodzi kapena awiriawiri; nthawi yakubzala imatha kupezeka m'mabanja limodzi ndi ana awo. M'madera otentha a Australia, nthawi yakubereketsa imayamba mu Julayi - februari, ndikutentha kwa Epulo. Zingwe zimamangidwa m'makona a mitengo yayitali, makolo onse amatenga nawo mbali pomanga. Kupanga chisa kumatha pafupifupi milungu itatu. Mu clutch nthawi zambiri mazira oyera 1-2. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 40. Yaikazi imalowa makamaka, yamphongo imatulutsa chakudya. Achinyamata amatha masiku atatu, koma pafupifupi miyezi iwiri amakhalabe pafupi ndi makolo awo.
(Hamirostra melanosternon)
Amakhala ku Australia, kumpoto ndi pakati pa kondinendi, komwe mvula yamnyengo sikhala yoposa 500 mm. Imakhala m'malo owuma, malo owuma, tchire, nkhalango zamtchire ndi nkhalango zamvula zochepa.
Khungwa yokhala ndi chifuwa chakuda ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zazikulu kwambiri zodya nyama ku Australia, kutalika kwa mbalame yayikulu ndi 51-61 masentimita, mapiko ndi masentimita 147 mpaka 156. Akazi ndi amuna ndi ofanana mawonekedwe, koma zazikazi ndizokulirapo ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi 1330 g, pomwe amuna 1196 g.
Zimasaka abuluzi, njoka, nyama zazing'ono ndi mbalame, nthawi zambiri zimawononga zisa za mbalame, zimadya anapiye awo ndi mazira. Chizindikiro cha kite ya buzzard ndi kuthekera kwake kuthyola mazira akuluakulu amiyala ya mbalame (emu, cranes Australia, bustards) nesting pansi ndi mwala. Imasaka munjira zosiyanasiyana: kusuntha pakati pa masamba otsika, kufunafuna nyama kuchokera pakhungwa kapena kuyenda pansi.
Awa ndi, monga lamulo, mbalame za monogamous, ndikupanga banja moyo. Amakonza zisa pamitengo yayitali, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi madziwe. Chisa ndi nsanja yomangidwa ndi nthambi, thirayo nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Mazira amaikidwa kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Okutobala. Kusintha kumakhala ndi mazira awiri opepuka ndi mawanga a bulauni, omwe amadzimadzira masiku 32- 38. Mwana wankhuku imodzi yokha imakonda kukhala isananyamuke. Chingwe chimadzitulutsa ndi kusiya chisa chili ndi zaka pafupifupi 68-73 patadutsa.
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