Nutria - banja lokha Nutrievs (Myocastoridae). Kunja, makoko awa amawoneka ngati khoswe wamkulu: kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi 60 cm, mchira - mpaka 45 cm, kulemera kwa 5-10 kg. Thupi la mtedza ndi lolemera, mutu ndi wokulirapo, ndi maso ndi makutu ochepa, miyendo ndiyofupika, kupindika kumakhala kowoneka bwino, kokhala ndi vibrissae wautali komanso kuwala kwa lalanje. Nutria imakhala ndi moyo wam'madzi, chifukwa chake ili ndi zinthu zingapo zogwirizana ndi izi. Mwachitsanzo, kutsegula m'mphuno kwake kumakhala ndi minyewa yapadera yoteteza ndipo imatha kutseka mwamphamvu. Milomo yotsekemera iyi imagawidwa kutsogolo ndikutseka chotsekera kumbuyo kwa zitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nutria achepetse mbewu pansi pamadzi, osalola madzi kulowa pakamwa. Pakati pa zala zakumiyendo zam'mbuyo (kupatula zakunja), ma natiwa ali ndi nembanemba, amakhala opanda tsitsi komanso okutidwa ndi khungu loyera, ndikusambira, limagwira ngati chiwongolero. Tizilombo ta mammary ndi ma nipples (ma 4-5 awiri) amakhala pamalo okwera azimayi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti tiana titha kudya tili m'madzi. Ubweya wa nutria ndi wopanda madzi, umakhala ndi mkondo wautali, wowuma komanso wonyezimira, wokhala ndi khonje. Pamimba ndi m'mbali, ubweya wake ndi wokulirapo kuposa kumbuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kutetezedwa kwa kutentha kumunsi.
Kodi nutria amakhala kuti?
Mitundu yachilengedwe ya nutria imangokhala hafu yakumwera kwa South America kuchokera ku Bolivia ndi kumwera kwa Brazil kupita ku Tierra del Fuego. Malo okondedwa a nyamayi ndi malo osungirako madzi osayenda bwino: madzi osambira, magombe am'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi malo okumbikakumbika okhala ndi masamba ambiri am'madzi komanso a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nutria imapewa nkhalango zosalekeza, sizikwera pamwamba pa 1200 m kuchokera pamwamba pa nyanja kupita kumapiri (Andes). Pachilumba chachikulu cha Chonos (Chile), chikhalachi chimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja yamadzi amchere komanso opanda mchere. Muzochilengedwe, nutria amagwira ntchito makamaka usiku. Amadya ma rhizomes, zimayambira ndi masamba a bango ndi malo ogulitsa. Zakudya zowonjezereka ndi bango, zifuwa zamadzi, maluwa a m'madzi, ndi ma pichesi. Zakudya za nyama (leeches, mollusks) nutria samadya, wopanda masamba. Nutria amasambira ndikuyamba kusambira mosavuta, pansi pamadzi imatha kupitirira mphindi 10. Koma makoko awa sioyenera kukhala m'malo osungiramo madzi ozizira, ngakhale kuti amatha kulekerera chisanu cha -35 ° C. Zowonadi ndi zakuti mafuta a nutria samamangapo malo odalirika ozizira komanso odyetsa ndipo samasungira chakudya nthawi yachisanu, monga opanga mikanda, muskrats ndi ena. Makoswe a kumpoto-am'madzi. Pansi pa ayeziyo, imayenda mozungulira, ndipo ikalowa m'madzimo, singathe kupeza njira yakufa.
Makhalidwe ndi zizolowezi za natiria
Nutria ili ndi khutu lokhala bwino - ndizowopsa ngakhale ndi dzimbiri yaying'ono. Ngakhale kuchedwa pang'ono, nyamayo imathamanga mwachangu, ikadumpha, koma imatopa. Amapuma ndikusamala ana mu zisa zotseguka zomangidwa pamabampu ndi m'nkhwawa zowuma za bango ndi malo ogulitsira. Burrows zikubowoleza m'mphepete mwa mtunda wa nutria - kuchokera kumphepete zosavuta kufikira njira zovuta kuyenda. Malo awo okhala amapezeka m'njira zomwe nyamayo imatsata pamizimba yoyandikana nayo. Nutria amakhala m'magulu a anthu 2-13, okhala ndi akazi achikulire, ana awo wamwamuna ndi wamwamuna. Amuna achichepere nthawi zambiri amakhala okha. Nutria imatha kubereka chaka chonse, ndipo ndiwofalikira. Kuchokera kwa akazi amodzi mutha kupeza malita a 2-3 pachaka, nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe. Rent iyi ndi chinthu chofunikira kusodza ndikuswana m'mafamu ndi m'mafamu, ndipo mtedza umadulidwa osati mu mtundu wofiirira, komanso utoto - woyera, wakuda, pinki, beige, golide, etc. Nutria imadziwikanso ngati nyama.
Kubereka Nutria
Mapulogalamu asanu ndi amodzi a nutria amadziwika, amodzi mwa iwo, omwe amakhala m'mabwinja, awonjezeredwa m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi. Mafamu oyambilira a nutria adakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa XIX - zaka zoyambirira za XX. ku Argentina, pambuyo pake adapita ku USA, Europe ndi Asia. Nutria adawonekera ku USSR mu 1930-1932, ndipo kuyambira 1930 mpaka 1963, nyama 6,270 zidamasulidwa kumadera akumwera kwa Soviet Union. Acclimatization idachita bwino ku Caucasus m'chigawo cha Lenkoran, m'chigwa cha Lower Kura ku Georgia, komanso kumwera kwa Tajikistan. M'mayiko ambiri, nutria zamtchire amatengedwa ngati tizirombo ta nyama zomwe zimawononga zomera zam'madzi, zowononga makina othirira, madamu ndikuwononga mitsinje. Nthawi yomweyo, nutria imasungidwa mwachangu ndipo imatha kusungidwa ngati chiweto.
Zinthu ndi malo okhala ndi nutria
Nutria - izi chinyama kukula kwake kwakukulu. Akulidwa zaka zambiri m'maiko ngati Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, ndi Caucasus.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi nutria ndi mano ake a lalanje. Mukayerekezera ubweya wake ndi ubweya wa kalulu kapena ngakhale nkhandwe, ndiye kuti ubweya wa nutria ndi wabwino koposa.
Zothandiza komanso nyama ya nutria. Ndizakudya chopatsa thanzi ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, ndizokoma kwambiri. Zachidziwikire, ndizovuta kukhulupirira ngati mutayang'ana chithunzi cha nutria.
Ichi ndi nyama yokhala ndi makoswe yotalika pafupifupi 60 cm ndi mchira wautali, womwe umakutidwa ndi mamba. Ngati mukufuna kuwona momwe zimawonekera chithunzi, chithunzi zoperekedwa munkhaniyi. South America ndiye malo obadwira a nutria. Mmenemo amatha kupezeka pafupi ndi dziwe, komanso pafupi ndi dambo.
Poyamba, adayamba kuwaberekera ku USA, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko "adasamukira" ku Europe kenako pambuyo potiuza ife. Chowonadi chodabwitsa: Ku Africa nyama iyi sinakhale nayo mizu.
Nutria ali ndi ubweya wabwino kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe nyamayo siizizira kapena kutentha kwambiri. Koma m'malo amenewo a pulaneti momwe nyengo yake ili yozizira kwambiri, nutria sakhala moyo. Ndipo ndizosavuta kufotokoza.
Nyama zotere sizimatha kudzipangira zokha nyumba zawo ndikusunga chakudya m'nyengo yozizira. Mu nyengo yozizira nutria Sadzatha kupeza chakudya pansi pa ayezi, chifukwa sangathe kuyenda pamalopo.
Ichi ndi chifukwa chinanso chomwe mtedza sungakhale m'malo omwe kumakhala kuzizira kwambiri. Potentha, nutria amamva bwino. Ngati msewu upitilira madigiri seshasi makumi atatu, mtedzawo umabisala mumthunzi kapena kukumba dzenje momwe umadikirira kutentha. Nyama izi sizingakumbe kukuwa kuposa ma moles. Nthawi zambiri, amakonzekeretsa zisa kubango.
Ku Europe, nutria amatchedwa boron rat. Izi ndichifukwa chakukhala kwawo. Nthawi zambiri, nutria amakhala m'matupi amadzi, pomwe madzi amayimilira kapena kuchepa. Nyanja za bango ndi malo abwino a nutria.
Ngati mukufuna mugule nutria, ndiye kuti mutha kusaka zotsatsa zawo pa intaneti. Ngati mukufuna kubereketsa mtengo wa nutria zomwe zingakhale zosiyana, ndiye tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge nkhaniyi. Malangizo awa amakuthandizani kuti muchite bwino kuswana nyama izi.
Kuswana ndi kukonza nutria
Nutria imatha kudyedwa chaka chonse kapena kuichita nyengo yake. Poyambirira, nyamazo zimafunikira limodzi mosalekeza. Kuti izi zitheke, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa machitidwe a akazi, ndipo akangoyamba nthawi yosaka, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yoti mumubzale mwamunayo. Pankhani ya kuswana nutria chaka chonse, nthawi zambiri amatembenuka mobwerezabwereza kwa akazi nutria.
Zotsatira zake, mbewu imatha kuwirikiza kawiri. Komabe, njira yolerera imeneyi ili ndi zovuta zake. Nutria iyenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino. Ndi njira yoberekera yachaka chonse, akazi onse nthawi zambiri sangakwaniritse zofunika: ena mwa iwo amatha kukhala ndi pakati, ena amakhala ndi mkaka wa m'mawere (pamene akudyetsa ana), pomwe ena sanakhwime kwathunthu: tsitsi lawo silinapangidwe.
Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti tsitsi lodzaza ndi zikopa zazikulu za nutria zimatha kupezeka ndi kuphedwa nthawi yophukira-yozizira. Chovala cha Nutria pamenepa, zidzakhala zapamwamba.
Kuyambira koyambirira kwa Okutobala mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala - nthawi yoyenera kuphedwa. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti nutria ayenera kufikira zaka zingapo izi zisanachitike. Ayenera kukhala osachepera miyezi 9 mpaka 10.
Poganizira izi, achinyamata omwe amabadwa mchaka chachiwiri cha chaka ayenera kusamalidwa mpaka chaka chamawa. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa chakudya umachuluka. Ngati mukubereka mtundu wa nutria nyengo ndi nthawi, ndiye kuti zophophonya zambiri zomwe mwakumana nazo pachaka zitha kupewedwa.
Zoyenera, kuti ana agalu onse akaonekere kotala yoyamba. Ndipo nthawi yozizira, anthu adzakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira, ndipo ubweya uzikula. Popeza izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti nutria whelp m'chigawo choyamba cha chaka. Chifukwa chake, mpaka mwezi wa Marichi, achinyamata onse adzakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira komanso kufikira msinkhu womwe angafune.
Chakudya Chabwino
M'malo achilengedwe, nutria amadya zomera zomwe zimamera pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, komanso nthambi ndi mizu. Mukamasunga nutria kunyumba, amadyetsedwa makamaka ndi chakudya, tirigu, komanso zitsamba, dzungu ndi zinthu zina.
Komanso, nutria amadya bwino ku Yerusalemu artichoke, kaloti, zipatso za mapira, ndi nsonga za chimanga. Mutha kuwadyetsa chakudya chachilengedwe - mabango, nthambi ndi zina zambiri. Ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti michere ndi michere, choncho ayenera kupatsa nthambi kuti zitha kuwongolera incisors.
Chakudya chomwe ndimakonda kwambiri cha nutria ndi makutu a chimanga chaching'ono. Amatha kuzidya zonse. Komabe, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo ndi nthochi zokhwima, zomwe mbewu zake ndizovuta kale.
Chakudya china chokondweretsa cha nutria ndi chimanga cha chimanga. Dziwani kuti kuchuluka kwa chakudya chotere kuyenera kukhala kwa azimayi achichepere, komanso azimayi omwe amapangidwira kukhwima kwa amayi apakati.
Izi ndichifukwa choti akamadya chimanga chambiri, mtedza umatha kunenepa ndipo pamapeto pake umabereka ana agalu. Mutha kudyetsa ndi mbewu ya chimanga mafuta omwe amapita kumaso. Koma ngakhale pano ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mbewu zonse zimadyedwa kwathunthu kufikira chakudya chotsatira.
Ndizopindulitsanso kwambiri kudyetsa natiria ndi shuga beets. Komabe, kwa akazi omwe amadyetsa ana awo, kuchuluka kwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzakudya ziyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti shuga imatha kubisa mayendedwe amkaka, ndipo mkaka wokwanira sungabwere kwa ana. Izi zimatha kutsogola osati pang'onopang'ono pakukula kwa ana a ng'ombe, komanso mpaka kufa kwawo.
Nthawi zambiri, nutria azolowere zakudya zomwezo. Ndipo ngati muwonjezera zakudya zatsopano m'zakudya zawo, akhoza kuyankha. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mudadyetsa kachilombo ka beetroot kwa nthawi yayitali, kenako ndikusintha dzungu, ndiye kuti poyamba nyamayo singadye.
Komabe, patapita kanthawi iye amadya kwambiri kuposa beets. Komabe, sikuyenera kusinthira mbewu zambiri kukhala zukini, maungu, etc. Zinthu monga nsonga zobiriwira za mbatata ndi kaloti, komanso mbatata, ndizovulaza komanso ndizoopsa kwa thupi la natiria. Mndandanda wazomera zapoizoni umaphatikizanso celandine, dope, euphorbia ndi ena.
Nutri sayenera kudyetsedwa chakudya chowola, ngati nyama zina. Osapatsa zakudya wowawasa ndi udzu wokoma. Kumbukirani kuti nsomba ndi nyama siziyenera kuphatikizidwa pakudya kwa natiria.
Kuchulukitsa komanso moyo wautali wa nutria
Nitria wachikazi amatha kubereka ana mpaka kawiri mpaka katatu pachaka. Kwa mwana m'modzi, amatha kubala kuchokera kwa ana asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri. Anapiyewa amabadwa ali okhwima kale. Miyezi ingapo atabadwa, ana amphongo amayamba kudzidalira ndikusiya amayi awo.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa nutria, wokhala m'tchire ndi nutria, wosungidwa mwachilengedwe, ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi wina ndi mnzake. Chifukwa chake, kuthengo, kutalika kwa moyo wa nutria kuli pafupifupi zaka zinayi mpaka zisanu. Nyumba yaku Nutria kapena nutria mu malo osamalidwa bwino atha kukhala zaka zambiri - zaka khumi ndi ziwiri.
Kufalitsa
Mitundu yachilengedwe ya nutria imangokhala hafu yakumwera kwa South America kuchokera ku Bolivia ndi kumwera kwa Brazil kupita ku Tierra del Fuego. Amadziwika kwambiri m'maiko ambiri ku Europe ndi North America; sanakhale mu Africa. Ku USSR, kuyanjanitsidwa kwa mtedza unachita bwino ku Caucasus, Kyrgyzstan ndi Tajikistan. Kukula kukukula kapena kutsika kutengera nyengo yotentha kapena yozizira. Nthawi zina, nyengo ya chisanu imapangitsa kuti nutria itheretu, mwachitsanzo, ku Scandinavia ndi mayiko aku kumpoto kwa US m'ma 1980s.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Nutria ndi nyama ya nyama; ndi ya mndandanda wa makoswe ndipo imayimira banja la nati. Amatchedwa mosiyanasiyana: otter, coipu, swamp beaver. Mayina onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mawu amodzimodzi. Ngakhale kuli akatswiri angapo omwe amadzinenera kuti nutria sangathe kutchedwa kuti owedza. Amati nyamazo sizigwirizana ndi zodulira zenizeni za mitsinje, makoswe. Amawakumbutsa okhawo - ndi zizolowezi zina, moyo wawo. Chifukwa chake, kufananizira kotere sikolakwika.
Kanema: Nutria
Koipu ndi makoswe akuluakulu. Kutalika kwa matupi awo kukhoza kufika masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi, ndi kulemera - ma kilogalamu khumi ndi awiri. Michere yaimuna nthawi zonse imakhala yayikulupo kuposa zazikazi. Kunja, nyama zimawoneka ngati khoswe wamkulu. Thupi lawo limakutidwa ndi mabedi, wowala, lalitali.
Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale pali ubweya wakhungu, wandiweyani sautulutsa fungo losasangalatsa. Iwo ndi oyera kwambiri, mosiyana ndi mamembala ena a pabanja.
Ubweya wokongola, wakuda ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chodziwedza. Pachifukwachi, nyama izi zinayamba kugawidwa mwachisangalalo pamafamu a zoo omwe ali padziko lonse lapansi. Lero, pali mitundu khumi ndi isanu ndi iwiri ya nyama iyi. Mitundu khumi ndi yosinthika, isanu ndi iwiri yaphatikiza.
Onsewa amagawika m'magulu awiri:
Mitundu ya nyama yokhala ndi mtundu wachikale wakuda ndi yokhazikika. Mtundu wa nati unawonongeka chifukwa cha kuswana. Mtundu wa ubweya wawo ndi wosiyanasiyana. Pali Az Azariya, Italian nutria yoyera, pelescent, chakuda. Mitengo yamitundu yosagwirizana imayamikiridwa kwambiri pamsika wamakono.
Animal nyama kapena chithaphwi chodyetsa. Kufotokozera
Kunja, nutria ali munjira zambiri zofanana ndi makoswe, koma sizili. Awa ndi makoswe am'mimba, omwe ndi okhawo omwe amaimira mitundu ya banja la nutria. Chifukwa cha moyo wam'madzi wamadzi, amatchedwanso "osambira oyala", "coipu" kapena "otters".
Monga tikuwonera pachithunzichi, nthumwi izi zimayimira thupi lamatumbo, miyendo yamphamvu yochepa, mchira wautali komanso wamfupi, wamakutu a pubescent. Kwa osakudziwa, nyama yamathirayi imatha kuwoneka ngati mbewa yanenepa kapena yonyowa.
Kutalika kwa madzi amadzi am'madzi kumatha kufika 60 cm, ndipo kulemera - 12 kg. Zachidziwikire, amuna achikulire amawoneka bwino kwambiri. Zachikazi, mosiyana ndi iwo, zimalemera pafupifupi 8-9 makilogalamu ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 35-45. Mosatengera zaka zazinyama, kutalika kwake mchira wake ndi wofanana - 45 cm.
Nutria ndizachilendo:
- chachikulu, cholingana ndi kukula kwa thupi, mutu wokhala ndi maso ang'ono,
- chopondera (chopanda)
- vibrissa wautali
- incisors yowala lalanje.
Monga nthumwi zina za nyama zamtsinje, zimbalangondo zobiriwira zimakhala ndizinthu zingapo mwachilengedwe.
Mwachitsanzo:
- M'malo auricles, ali ndi mulu wosalala womwe umakunga mpweya, womwe umalepheretsa madzi kuti asalowe m'makutu a khutu.
- Nyama ikalowa m'mphuno mwake, minyewa yokhomayo imayatsidwa, chifukwa chake madziwo salowa m'mapapu.
- Chifukwa chakulekanitsidwa kwa kunja, milomo ya makoswe imatha kutseka mwamphamvu kutsogolo kwa mano, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse chakudya cham'mimba mozama osamwa madzi.
- Pa miyendo yakumanzere ya natiria pali magawo awiri amtundu, othandizira kuyenda padziwe.
- Khungu lolimba lophimba ndi gawo loyera pamtsempha wozungulira, wosalala limathandizira kuyendetsa thupi pamene pansi pamadzi
- Nutria wachichepere, chifukwa cha kutalika kwambiri kwa zofunikira za mammary m'mphepete mwa zazikazi, amatha kudya pansi pamadzi.
Zinthu, malo
Kuthengo, nutria ndiofala m'mphepete mwa South America. Kutalika kwa malo omwe amakhala kuchokera kumalire a Bolivia ndikufikira ku Tierra del Fuego. Popita nthawi, alimi aubweya aku Europe adawona mtundu wa ubweya wa nutria ndipo adathandizira kuti mayiko ambiri akuwoloka nyanja. Zotsatira zake, mtunduwo udayambitsidwa ku Continental, ku United States of America, Africa.
Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri komanso kusowa chinyezi, nyengo ya ku Africa sinakwanirane ndi phula. M'madera omwe adazika mizu, malo omwe amakhala amakhala, zimatengera nyengo nyengo yozizira. Zomwe zidalipo m'mbiri ya anthu, zaka 80 za zana la 20, nyama sizimatha kukhala yozizira mozizira kwambiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mitunduyi itheretu mdziko la Scandinavia komanso kumpoto kwa USA.
Kuchuluka kwa nyama zakuthengo zamtchire zimapezeka mu:
Ndizachidziwikire kuti m'maiko ena makoswe amadziwika kuti ndi tizirombo ndi njira zomwe zikutsatidwa kuti zisafalikire. Ku Europe, nyamazo zimapezeka makamaka m'malo opanga nyama, koma posachedwapa, ofufuza ati ndizotheka kuti izi zichitike.
Ngakhale kuti dziko la Koipu ndilofunda, pakuphatikiza kwawo adasintha kuzizira mpaka-35 ° C ndikudziwa mpaka + 40 ° C, samamanga malo okhala ofunda, amatha kusankha malo otsika komanso okwera m'moyo.
Kupezeka kwa anthu ooneka bwino kunawoneka ku Andes pamtunda wa mamita 1,190 kumtunda kwa nyanja. Malo abwino malo awo okhala ndi madzi omwe amayenda pang'onopang'ono, madzi oyenda (ma alder, maboti, magombe ake omwe amakhala ndi mabango), komanso mitsinje, yomwe magombe ake amakhala ndi zodutsa madzi.
Mayendedwe amoyo
Nutria wachichepere amatha kumva bwino, amatha kusuntha m'madzi ndi pamtunda. Mwa akazi ena, ana amatha kuwerengera anthu 20. Ngakhale chivundikiro cha ubweya, nyama zatsopano zimatha kuzizira nyengo yachisanu, popeza makolo awo samawakonzera zisa zotentha ndi malo okhalamo apadera.
Mwana nutria amalemera pafupifupi 250 g.Amakula pang'onopang'ono. Kulemera kwakukulu kwatsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala kopitilira 25 g, koma kumawonedwa pokhapokha nyama zikafika zaka 14. Kuphatikiza apo, m'mabampu am'madzi a miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kukula kumayimitsidwa.
Chifukwa chake, ngakhale nditakhala ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi, ndizotheka kukula kukhala munthu wamkulu wazaka 2-2.5. Nthawi yomweyo, nyama izi zimayamba kubereka kuyambira miyezi itatu mpaka isanu ndi iwiri. Pambuyo pazaka zitatu, ntchito yawo yoberekera imazirala.
Coipu molts kangapo pamoyo wake. Mosasamala kanthu za mtunduwu, woyamba amapezeka masiku 50 atabadwa. Nthawi yosungunula imatha pafupifupi miyezi 4. Akamaliza, nyamayo imakutidwa ndi chovala chaubweya wapamwamba kwambiri, chopangidwa ndi phokoso lalitali komanso mkanda wamkati.
Ndizodziwika kuti pamimba pamimba pubescence ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa kumbali ndi kumbuyo. Kwa akuluakulu, kusintha tsitsi kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, kumatambasulira kwa chaka chonse. Ndipo popeza njirayi imachepetsa mu Julayi - Ogasiti ndi Novembala - Marichi, ubweya wabwino kwambiri umawonedwa nthawi yozizira.
Zochita zonunkhira zimatengera nyengo yotentha. Zovuta za + 15 ... + 20 ° С zimawerengedwa kuti ndizikhala bwino ndi iye. Kusunthika kwamphamvu sikukhudza kagayidwe kachakudya ka nyama, kamene kamalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa mtima mwa 1520 times. Mu nthawi yozizira, nutria amakhala moyo wongokhala.
Ndikosatheka kuwerengera zaka zapakati pazanyama zamtchire, ndipo ndizomwe zili ndi ma cell, moyo wazamoyo uzitha zikafika polemera.
Kuchepa kwa madzi posambira nthawi ya chilimwe kumapangitsa kuti ubweya ukhale wabwino, koma kusakhalako nthawi yachisanu sikukhudza ubweya.
Mitundu wamba
M'malo achilengedwe, michere yakuwala yofiirira komanso yofiirira yakuda ndiyofala kwambiri. Koma chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwa obereketsa nyama, onyamula mitundu yosiyanasiyana adayamba kuwoneka pafupipafupi.
Omwe akupita kukasakaniza nati ku famu kapena kunyumba amalangizidwa ndi akatswiri kuti athe kutsatira njira yomwe mtundu wake uli.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti pamene makoko awa adatchuka kwambiri, pantchito yopanga ntchito, kutsimikizika kunayikidwa pa nyama ndi ubweya wa ubweya.
Nyama yopatsa thanzi imatengedwa kuti ndizopatsa zakudya ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi kubereka kwambiri. Ngati nyama zakutchire sizikhala zosaposa 5 makilogalamu pofika miyezi 9, ndiye kuti kusungidwa kwa nyama yakuwongolera kwa nthawi yomweyo imalemera 1.5-2 makilogalamu.
Kuti mukhale ndi khungu labwino kwambiri, obereketsa amafunika kusankha mtundu womwe akufuna, chifukwa chifukwa cha kuyesa kwazovuta, asayansi adatha kubereka mitundu 7 yapadera ndi 9 yosinthika.
Malinga ndi zizindikiro zina pofotokozerako, akatswiri amadziwa gulu wamkulu (azungu oyera, akuda ndi amtundu wa golide amadziwika kuti ndi) ndipo pumira (otchedwa oyera oyera akumpoto, maalubino, apinki, maudzu, osuta, beige ndi ngale ngale.
Makina owoneka bwino safuna kusamalidwa mwapadera komanso chakudya choyambirira chomwe chimagwirizana ndi ubweya wawo.
Maulusi a mitundu yayitali a nutria akufunika msika wamakono ndipo ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa amodzi wamba.
Mwa nyama zamtunduwu ndizosangalatsa:
- Silvery. Amadziwika ndi imvi yakuda kapena kuwala imvi. Gloss imapatsidwa kwa iye ndi chikwama chofewa, chofewa, chamthunzi chomwe nthawi zambiri chimaponyedwa buluu, bulauni, chakuda ndi choyera. Mtunduwo unapezeka podutsa ku Italy ndi beige nutria. Chizindikiro chake ndi mtundu wa siliva wowoneka bwino pamsana ndi maso ofiira a chilombo. Kuonetsetsa kuti zikopa za nyama zimafunikira kudyetsedwa bwino.
- Wagolide. Amasiyana m'maso owala lalanje kumbuyo ndi kuwala kwamtundu wagolide pa peritoneum. Ma cushion ndi pinki komanso beige. Maso ndi a bulauni. Kuswana kumadziwika ndi zokolola zochepa (ana ambiri amakhala ndi anthu anayi).
- Chakuda. Oimira amtunduwu amasiyanitsidwa ndi mulu wakuda bii wakuda m'mbali zonse za thupi, komanso bulosi yamdima yakuda. Mitunduyi idadulidwa kuArgentina ndipo imafanana kwambiri ndi muyezo. Amadziwika ndi ana otsika (mpaka ana 5).
- Mayi wa Pearl. Malingizowo adapezeka chifukwa chodutsa ma beige ndi zonyamula zoyera. Ili ndi mtundu wonyezimira, wa siliva ndi wonyezimira wamkati. Ndizachidziwikire kuti mu zinyalala zamtunduwu ana amitundu yambiri amatha kuwoneka (kuwonjezera pazonyamula zoyera ndi za peyala za imvi sizimachotsedwa).
Moyo, machitidwe
Kusiyanaku kwa nyama zokhala ndi makoswe ndikuti zimatha kutsogoleredwa pamadzi ndi pamtunda. Nyama zimatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka mphindi 10 pansi pamadzi, pomwe zimadyetsa ndikuziziritsa thupi lawo nyengo yotentha. Pakasowa madzi pafupi ndi dziwe mu kutentha, nyamayo imangokhala pamthunzi tsiku lonse.
Okonza ma Swamp nthawi zonse samapanga chakudya chamnyengo yachisanu, monga abale awo. Ndipo popeza salowerera bwino m'madziwe owundana, nthawi zambiri amafa chifukwa choti, atawombera mumtsinje wa ayezi, sangapeze mwayi wobwerera.
Coipu alibe zisa zomwe zimakhala ndi pansi. Kuthengo, nthawi yonse ya moyo, amakhala m'makola okhala ndi nthambi zambiri. Nthawi zambiri banja la "nutria" limakhala ndi anthu 3-5. Imakhala ndi yamphongo yayikulu kwambiri, akazi awiri, komanso ana awo. Mwa maonekedwe ake, banjali limakulitsa dala nyumba yawo pomanga chisa chatsopano cha amphaka kapena bango. Amuna achichepere amakhala kwina.
Kuchulukitsidwa kwa ntchito za nutria kumawonedwa madzulo ndi usiku. Ndi chakudya chochuluka komanso kupezeka kwa malo okhala odalirika, zolengedwa izi sizisintha malo awo. Chikhalidwe china cha koipu ndikuwonjezera kwawo kutopa. Ndi khutu lakumva bwino, nyamayo imasamala dzimbiri.
Poopseza pang'ono zaumoyo ndi moyo, imawulukira, kuyesera kulowa m'madzi mozama. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chotopa kwambiri pakukonzekera kuthamanga kwa spasmodic. Mutha kupeza nyumba zogonamo zomwe zimayenda m'njira zopapatiza zomwe amazipondaponda, kukafunafuna chakudya.
Mawonekedwe a zakudya m'chilengedwe
Oyimira kutchire a banja la natiya amadya zakudya zabwino zokhazokha zokha. Zomwe amadya nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mitengo ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso zamtundu wa amphaka ndi mabango. Mabango ang'onoang'ono a masamba ndi masamba, zopondera pamadzi, maluwa amadzi, masamba amivi ndi masamba ena ndizovomerezeka ngati chakudya chowonjezera.
Ngati chakudya chikuperewera m'deralo chosankhidwa ndi makoswe, amatha kudya mikanda yayikulu, zikho ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Komabe, ndi njira yochepa yopulumukira, popeza chakudya chomwe chidachokera kuchinyama ndichilendo kwa mitundu yonse ya nutria. Chiwerengero cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha zakudya zazitsamba kwa akuluakulu sichidutsa 1 kg. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimasinthira udzu wouma ndi mizu ya mitengo.
Adani achilengedwe
Popeza nati sichidyamakanda, nthawi zambiri amakhala olandidwa ndi oimira nyama zomwe amakonda kudya nyama.
Kuthengo, makoko awa amasakidwa ndi:
- Njoka zapoizoni,
- alligators
- mimbulu
- nthabwala
- miyala yankhwawa
- mbalame zolusa.
Poona kusatetemera kwakanthawi, owoneka mozungulira amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi madzi. Ngati mwayi woti athawe pothawa ndi wocheperako, nyamayo imangowukira.
Pomenya nkhondo zoterezi, zida zake zodalirika ndizotsogola, zomwe kukula kwake sikutha. Ndi iwo, nyamayo imamamatira mwamphamvu kwa wolakwayo, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwake ndi kuthekera kwake.
Mafuta a nutria apakhomo amawazolowera anthu, kuwazindikira ngati abale awo, ali ndi malingaliro abwino komanso ochezeka. Chifukwa chake, alimi ena a ubweya amabweretsa nyamazi pafamu yawo, osati kuti azigulitsa, komanso ziweto.
Kuti mukhale ndi makondomu, muyenera:
- Khola wapadera kapena wavi. Ili ndi kapangidwe koyenera kopezeka ndi tanki lamadzi lalikulu. Ntchito yomanga iyenera kukhala kutali ndi komwe kumayambira phokoso, kuti mavutowo asadzapweteke. Obereketsa ena amadzala matayala amiyala yambiri okhala ndi zolengedwa zamagetsi, zowunikira ndi kuwala. Muzochitika zoterezi, ndizopindulitsa kusunga nyama kuti ichotse nyama, chifukwa chifukwa chosowa madzi osamba ubweya wawo si wabwino koposa.
- Yakhazikika zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Kutengera zaka ndi chikhalidwe chawo, nyama zimatha kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana tsiku lonse. Ndikofunika kuti azipereka kawiri kudya, komwe nthawi yachilimwe izikhala ndi udzu kapena udzu watsopano (alfalfa, clover), 130 g wa rye kapena barele, 10 g wa makucha, 5 g nsomba ndi mchere. M'nyengo yozizira, chakudyacho chimayenera kulemekezedwa ndi mbewu za muzu (zosaposa 200 g za kaloti ndi mbatata ndizolimbikitsidwa patsiku). Ndipo mu kuphukira, nthambi zamtchire ndi thundu, mpesa, mphukira zazing'ono za chimanga ndi namsongole sizikhala zapamwamba kwambiri pakudya za makoswe.
- Njira yakumwa. Kwa phonefowl ndikofunikira kwambiri kulandira gawo loyenera la zakumwa panthawi yake. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti omwera nthawi zonse amakhala oyera komanso odzaza. Sizoletsedwa kuletsa "m'madzi" zazikazi kubereka ndi kunyamula, komanso nyama zazing'ono.
- Kutentha kovomerezeka nthawi yozizira. Makoswe olembetsedwa kuti azitonthoza amafuna kuti asunthidwe kuchokera kuzichilala za chilimwe kupita kuchipinda chotentha, komwe kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala pa + 8 ... + 19 ° С.
Kunyumba, nutria amathandizidwanso ndi mabanja, okhala ndi anthu khumi ndi amodzi mu cell imodzi. Komabe, zimachitika kuti nyama zokhala ndi chikhalidwe choyipa zimabwera zomwe sizikuwonetsa mamembala ena okha, komanso kwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu oterowo azisungidwa payokha ndipo azisankhidwa mosamala kwambiri.
Mtengo wa nyama
Kulawa, nyama ya mtedza m'njira zambiri imafanana ndi nkhumba, komabe, imafanizidwa bwino ndi "kupepuka" kwake komanso zothandiza.
Ndi zopatsa mphamvu zopezeka 149 kilocalories pa 100 g ya mankhwala, zopatsa thanzi ndizotsatirazi:
agologolo | 23, 92 g |
mafuta | 4,72 g |
chakudya | 1.01 g |
madzi | 70.82 g |
phulusa | 0,98 g |
Muli (pa 100 g):
thiamine | 0.058 mg |
tocopherol | 0,95 mg |
folacin | 12.51 mg |
biotin | 0,009 mcg |
pantothenic acid | 0,44 mg |
retinol | 0.06 mg |
riboflavin | 0,21 mg |
vitamini C | 1.97 mg |
choline | 125.1 mg |
cobalamin | 7.81 mcg |
niacin | 1.85 mg |
chitsulo | 6.8 mg |
potaziyamu | 347.7 mg |
calcium | 14.89 mg8 |
cobalt | 14, 88 mcg |
magnesium | 24, 79 mg |
manganese | 26 mcg |
mkuwa | 151 mcg |
sodium | 50.8 mg |
zinc | 2,5 mg | ayodini | 5.3 mcg | phosphorous | 236, 8 mg | fluorine | 103.4 mcg | selenium | 26,5 mcg |
Mwa anthu omwe amadya nyama ya mtedza nthawi zonse, kusintha kwamphamvu m'thupi kumadziwika.
- Izi zimapezeka kuti zakudya zam'mimba zimakhala ndi zotsatirazi:
- imalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi (chimalimbikitsidwa ndi akatswiri azakudya atatha kulimbitsa thupi ndi matenda ataliitali),
- kumadyetsa thupi, kumapereka mapuloteni ofunikira, mavitamini ndi michere kunenepa kwambiri (amathandizira kutaya mapaundi owonjezera),
- kumawonjezera mphamvu (kumathandiza kuthana ndi kugona, kusowa tulo),
- bwino tsitsi, misomali ndi khungu,
- imalimbikitsa kupanga mahomoni a chithokomiro (omwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti azitha kugwira ntchito),
- imayendetsa kagayidwe
- bwino kuchuluka kwa magazi (ndi magazi m'thupi).
Mtengo wa Fur
Ambiri owonongedwa ndi mwanaalirenji, ogula amawona nati monga chinthu chachiwiri. Komabe, malinga ndi akatswiri, iyi ndi ubweya wotsika mtengo womwe umatsimikizira kuti eni eni ali ndi kuvala kwabwino.
- Zofunikira zazikulu zikopa zopatsa thanzi zitha kuganiziridwa:
- makulidwe amatsitsi (ubweya wa nutria umaposa khungu la nkhosa pazinthu izi),
- katundu woteteza kutentha (mulingo wawo ungafanane ndi Tuscany),
- kuwala, komwe kumapereka chithumwa chapadera pazomalizidwa (mu nutria ndizofanana ndi raccoon, nkhandwe),
- zikopa zambiri, zomwe zimafananizidwa ndi akatswiri a karakul and beaver,
- kupindika ndi kukhazikika kwa khungu la mafuta a nutria (ofanana ndi mink ndi tuscan),
- kukana chinyezi (zinthu zachilengedwe izi zimangokhala mwa khungu lopatsa thanzi).
Mumafashoni amakono, njira zogwiritsira ntchito ubweya wa sheya, womwe umasokonekera mosavuta ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri, umawonedwa nthawi zambiri. Njira ya ukadaulo wake imasanjikiza ubweya ndi ma spines aatali. Chovala chofunda cha zikopa zotere chimawoneka bwino kwa zaka 5.
Mphamvu zakuchiritsa zamafuta
Mafuta abwinobwino amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kupukusa mosavuta, osungunuka pang'ono osavulaza thupi. Amalangizidwanso kudya anthu omwe akudwala matenda oopsa.
- Pazifukwa zamankhwala, amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- matenda a catarrhal (kuti muchotse chimfine, ndikokwanira kupaka mphuno kwa masiku awiri),
- bronchitis ndi chibayo (chifukwa cha katundu wowongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kupyapyala thonje, tikulimbikitsidwa kutikita pachifuwa ndi dera lomwe lili pakati pamapeto ndimkati kutikita minofu, kenako ndikudzivala mu bulangeti lotentha),
- zilonda zapakhosi (ma compress ofunda ndi othandiza)
- mabala akuya, osachiritsika bwino, ming'alu ya calcaneal (imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja).
Kuteteza Matenda
Banja la nutria limakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi chokhazikika komanso thanzi labwino. M'mikhalidwe yaulimi ndi nyama zamtchire, nthawi zambiri amadwala. Kukhala ndi chida chochepa kwambiri cha matenda opatsirana komanso ma parasitic, amafanizira bwino ndi nyama zina za ubweya.
Komabe, popanda kukonza mosasamala, komanso miliri yakutuluka, matenda opatsirana ndi matenda monga:
- Salmonellosis. Ma causative oyambitsa matenda amalowa mthupi la nyama kudzera mukudya akudya ndi akumwa. Komanso amanyamula awo ndi makoswe, ntchentche, mpheta ndi anthu. Nyama zazing'ono ndizovuta kwambiri kudwala. Kuti mupewe matenda, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi odwala (omwe amaphedwa ndi kuwotchedwa), kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo zida, ndikugwiritsira ntchito maphunziro a Levomycetin, Biotin, kapena Furazolidone kwa ena onse pabanjapo. Pazolinga zopewera, katemera wovuta pachaka amatchulidwa.
- Pasteurellosis. Ma conductors a microflora ya pathogenic ndi chakudya ndi madzi, komanso makoswe ena, mbalame, ziweto. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kufa kwakukulu, motero ndikofunikira kuyambitsa chithandizo m'magawo oyamba. Nthawi zambiri m'malo otere, veterinarians amapereka "Bicillin-3", "Streptomycin", "Penicillin." Pofuna kupewa matendawa, ndikofunikira kuperekera katemera zinyama ndi seramu yapadera munthawi yake.
- Chifuwa chachikulu. Njira ya matendawa nthawi zambiri imakhala yacymptomatic. Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kumatha kukhala kuti ndi achibale odwala kapena mkaka wa ng'ombe woyamwa. Zizindikiro zowopsa ndi kupuma movutikira, chifuwa, kusowa chidwi, komanso kusayenda. Ndikosatheka kupulumutsa mawodi, zotsatira zakupha zimakonda kupezeka mkati mwa miyezi ingapo mutatha kutenga kachilomboka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupatsa zakudya zopangira zakudya mthupi ndi zakudya zoyenera komanso chisamaliro choyenera.
Izi ndi zovuta komanso zowopsa zomwe zimawopseza anyama ochita kukakamiza. Kuphwanya malamulo aukhondo pakukonza kwawo kungayambitsenso kukula kwa helminthiasis, poizoni wa chakudya, mphete. Ngati mukupeza zizindikiro zoyambirira, kulumikizana ndi veterinarian wanu kuti akuthandizeni.
Kugula kwa Nutria, mtengo
Kwa obereketsa omwe ati adzagule koipa koyamba, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti azigula nyama zazing'ono ali ndi miyezi iwiri. Wamkazi wathanzi nthawi imeneyi ayenera kale kulemera pafupifupi 1.5 makilogalamu, ndipo wamwamuna - 2,3 kg. Thanzi la makoswe limatsimikiziridwa ndi: magawo oyera amphuno, maso owoneka bwino komanso mulu wanzeru. Ndikofunika kuyang'ana zolemba zachilengedwe.
Ogula odziwa amadziwa kuti kupeza anthu ambiri simuyenera kukonda nyama zazing'ono. Kuti muchite izi, ndikokwanira kupeza mtedza wathanzi ndipo mtsogolomo muwapatse malo abwino oti akule.
Ndikofunikira kugula izi m'minda yotchuka ya nyama ndi malo osungira nyama. Nthawi zonse samalani ndi momwe ziweto zimasungidwira. Makonda ndi anthu omwe zakudya zomwe amaphatikiza ndi zakudya zachilengedwe zokha, komanso omwe amatha kupeza madzi momasuka.
Ku Russia, mtengo wa nutria umayamba pa ma ruble 500 payekha. Kwa zochuluka zotere mutha kugula mkazi wamng'ono. Akuluakulu opeza bwino amakhala mkati mwa rubles 1.5,000.
Ndemanga za eni
Izi ndi zinthu zomwe abusa odziwa ntchito ambiri amazisamalira.
Nyama zomwe zimakonda kuseweredwa ngati ziweto zoseketsa, sizimawonetsa kuchitira nkhanza anthu.
Nthawi zambiri, azimayi amatha kuzunzidwa nthawi yayitali.
Kutengera zikhalidwe ndi malamulo a chisamaliro, kusamba kwa chithaphwi cha khosi sichingakhale chosangalatsa chokha, komanso chinsinsi cha banja.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za makoswe
Kuwona nyama ndizosangalatsa kwambiri.
Dzionere:
- Nyama mosamala kwambiri komanso mosamalitsa zimadya phala yokhala ndi ma protein. Matumba amaswa zidutswa. Kutafuna, kuphimba maso ndi kusangalala.
- Nthawi iliyonse, akafuna kuyika tsamba la udzu pakamwa pake, makilowo amayamwa kaye mu dziwe, ndikupanga ngati akutsuka.
- Kudya, wopatsidwa ndi mwini wake, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, nutria yakunyumba imakoka mosalekeza kwa munthu, ndikupempha gawo latsopano. Izi zipitilira mpaka pempho liperekedwe.
Nutria ndi nyama zosangalatsa. Pazogulitsa, ndizosavuta kuziwasungira kuposa ma mink ndi ma bea. Zovala zodzikongoletsa zimatha kusamalira chakudya chawo mosadalira, sizitulutsa fungo losasangalatsa ndipo zimafunikira chisamaliro chochepa kwambiri, monga nyama zapakhomo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a natiria
Coipu akuwoneka ngati chimphona chachikulu. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama nthawi zina kumapitirira 60 cm, kupatula mchira. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa makoswe ndi 5-7 makilogalamu, komabe, anthu omwe amapezeka olemera kwambiri.
Nyamayi imakhala ndi thupi lolimba, mafupa olemera. Mutu wa nutria ndi wamkulu, ndipo makutu ake ndi maso ake ndi ochepa. Phokoso lanyama ndi lopusa, kutsogolo kwake kuli vibrissae zazitali. Zomwe zimayambitsa mu nutria ndi lalanje. Thunthu lalikulu lakuthwa limagwidwa ndi miyendo yayifupi.
Popeza nyamayi imakhala ndi moyo wam'madzi, mawonekedwe a thupi lake amakhala ndi zina:
- Mphuno. Zidutswa zammphuno za nyamayo zimakhala ndi minofu yapadera yomwe imakhala pafupi ndi madzi.
- Milomo. Makoswe amatha kudya m'madzi, chifukwa cha milomo yake. Amakonda kutseka kumbuyo kwa zitsulo, zomwe zimalepheretsa madzi kulowa mkamwa.
- Mchira. Gawo ili la thupi la natire limakhala ngati lolo pansi pamadzi. Mchirawo ndi wautali - masentimita 45, palibe ubweya pa icho, koma pali masikelo, omwe amatsimikizira bwino kuwongolera.
- Miyendo yakumbuyo. Amakhala ndi ma membrane, chifukwa chake mankhwalawa amasambira mwachangu.
- Tsitsi la makoswe silimanyowa m'madzi. Muli ndi tsitsi lakunja lamphamvu, lomwe pansi pake pali undercoat. M'mimba ndi m'mbali, chovalacho chimakhala chopepuka komanso chokhwima, chomwe chimakuthandizani kuti musunge kutentha m'mbali imeneyi.
- Mu nutria yachikazi, ma nipples amakhala okwera komanso olowa kumbali zokhudzana ndi chifuwa. Izi zimathandizira kuti azidyetsa ana m'madzi.
Buku. Phokoso lokhala ndi phokoso lilibe nthawi yoyeserera. Chovala chake chimasintha pang'onopang'ono chaka chonse. Kuchepetsa tsitsi pafupifupi kumayima kwathunthu nthawi yozizira. Inali nthawi imeneyi kuti nyama zinali ndi ubweya wonenepa kwambiri komanso wokongola kwambiri.
Komwe nutria amakhala: moyo ndi zakudya
A Nutria amakhala ndi moyo wamadzi wamadzi. Zimayenda m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a nyama 10 mpaka 13, zikuchuluka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje. Gulu lirilonse nthawi zambiri limakhala la akazi okhala ndi ana ndipo wopanga wamwamuna m'modzi. Amuna achichepere sakhala mgululi, koma amakhala mosiyana.
A Nutria amakhala ndi moyo wamadzi wamadzi
Nutria amakhala pafupi ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe komwe kulibe magetsi amphamvu. Mkhalidwe wofunikira ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Nyama imadya pamitengo ndi masamba a mbewu. Nzimbe ndi mphaka ndizambiri m'zakudya. Komanso, nutria amakonda kudya:
Zakudya zanyama zomwe zimadya nyama zimatha kudya kangapo. Ngati chakudya chakumwa chikusowa m'dera lomwe michereyo imakhazikika, amadya ma leeches kapena ma mollusks.
Makoswe amasamba nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Chofunikira pakusankha malo okhalamo si kuchuluka kwa chakudya chokha chomwe chimakhala chakudya, komanso kuthekera kokukonza zogona ndi zisa. Nutria imatha kukumba ngalande ndi ngalande zovuta m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi. Ngati kulibe, ndiye kuti nyama zimakhala pamatampu, pomanga zotetezera kuchokera ku mabango.
Nyama zomwe zimakhala m'mapiri nthawi zambiri zimatalika kuposa 1200 m kuchokera pamtunda wa nyanja, chifukwa zomerazi m'malo amenewo ndizosiyana. Utoto umatha kulekerera chisanu champhamvu, chifukwa cha ubweya wawo, koma sungakhalepo nthawi zonse pamtunda wotsika kwambiri pazifukwa zingapo:
Nutria amasambira kwambiri
- Nyama sizimakonda kupangira chakudya nthawi yachisanu,
- sakudziwa momwe angapangire malo odalirika omwe amawateteza ku nyama zolusa,
- makoswe amafera pansi pa madzi oundana ngati angadziyike mu bowo lamadzi oundana, chifukwa samayendetsedwa bwino.
Nutria amasambira mwangwiro, pansi pa madzi amatha kukhala kwa mphindi 10. Ziwalo zongomva za chakumwa chamtunduwu zimapangidwa bwino, koma zimalephera kuwona ndi kununkhiza. Pakachitika ngozi, nyamazo zimatha kuthamanga kwambiri, zimayenda pamtunda m'malo osagwirizana, koma zilibe mphamvu. Nyama imalephera kuthamanga kwakanthawi, ikatopa, imakhala ikugwidwa ndi chilombo.
Zosangalatsa pankhaniyi
Kulima kwa nutria kunayambitsidwa chifukwa chamalonda kuArgentina, mu 20s ya zaka za zana la 20. Kuyambira pamenepo, nyamazo zatchuka kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wamtengo wapatali, womwe umakhala wopanda madzi. Onani zina zosangalatsa pa makoswe:
- Ubweya wabwino kwambiri umapezeka ku nyama zomwe zimaphedwa nthawi yozizira,
- nyama yanyama ndiyabwino thanzi - tikulimbikitsidwa kuiphatikiza ndi zakudya za ana, okalamba ndi iwo omwe ali ndi matenda am'mimba,
- M'mayiko ena, nutria imadziwika kuti ndi tizilombo chifukwa imayambitsa zowononga kwambiri pakumagwirira, kuwononga m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja, komanso kuwononga zomera zam'madzi.
Kudziwana ndi nutria ndikofunika kwa iwo omwe akukonzekera kuchita zoweta nyama. Podziwa mawonekedwe awo ndikukhala ndi lingaliro la njira ya moyo, mlimi adzatha kuwapatsa malo abwino okhala. Thanzi ndi kuuma kwa nyama, chifukwa chake phindu lodzimangirira nyama, zimatengera izi.
Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi
Nutria imakhala ndi moyo wamadzi. Malo okondweretsa ndi matupi amadzi okhala ndi madzi osayenda kapena madzi oyenda: magombe amtsinje, malo ogulitsa mabango ndi ma alder-sedge bogs okhala ndi zomera zam'madzi komanso zam'mbali. Tipewa kupitiliza nkhalango, sizikwera pamwamba pa 1200 m kuchokera pamwamba pa nyanja m'mapiri (Andes). Pachilumba chachikulu cha Chonos (Chile) amakhala m'mphepete mwamadzi amchere amchere komanso opanda mchere. Nutria imatha kulekerera chisanu mpaka − 35 ° C, koma nthawi zambiri samasinthasintha kukhala moyo ozizira.
Mwachilengedwe, imagwira ntchito makamaka usiku. Nutria amadya ma rhizomes, zimayambira ndi masamba a bango ndi malo ogulitsa. Zakudya zowonjezereka ndi bango, zifuwa zamadzi, maluwa a m'madzi, ndi ma pichesi. Kudyetsa nyama (leeches, mollusks) sikumadyedwa kawirikawiri, ndikusowa kwa masamba.
Nutria imakhala ndi moyo wosasunthika, wokhala m'malo ndi chakudya komanso malo okhala. Pumulani ndi kubereketsa ana poyera zisa zopezeka pamatumba ndi m'nkhaka zowuma za mapanga a bango ndi malo ogulitsira. Burrows ikuwomba m'mphepete - kuchokera kumphepete zosavuta mpaka njira zovuta kuyenda. Malo otetezedwa a Nutria amathanso kupezeka munjira zomwe nyamayo imatsata pamizungu yoyandikana nayo. Nutria amakhala m'magulu a anthu 2-13, okhala ndi akazi achikulire, ana awo wamwamuna ndi wamwamuna. Amuna achichepere nthawi zambiri amakhala okha.
Nutria amasambira ndikuyamba kusambira mwangwiro. Itha kukhala pansi pamadzi mpaka mphindi 10. M'masiku otentha, sakhala mafoni ndipo nthawi zambiri amabisala mumthunzi. Sangosinthidwa ndikukhala m'madzi opanda madzi ozizira - samamanga malo odalirika osazizira komanso owononga nyama, samasungira chakudya nthawi yachisanu, monga ma beavers, muskrats ndi makoko ena akumpoto am'madzi. Nutria samayendetsedwa bwino ndi madzi oundana, kulowa m'madzi oundana, nthawi zambiri samapeza mwayi wobwerera ndipo akafa.
Nutria ili ndi khutu lokhala bwino - ndizowopsa ngakhale ndi dzimbiri yaying'ono. Ngakhale akuchedwa kutha, amathamanga mwachangu kwambiri, kwinaku akulumpha, koma amatopa. Masomphenya ndi kununkhira sizikulitsidwa kwenikweni.
Kufotokozera kwamkati
M'makhalidwe ake akunja, nutria ndi ofanana ndi khola lalikulu. Kutalika kwa thupi la ntchentche mpaka 60 cm, mchirawo ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 45, kulemera kwa mtedza kumachokera ku 5 mpaka 12 kg. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kuposa akazi.
Zolimbitsa thupi ndi zolemetsa ndimutu waukulu, maso ang'ono ndi makutu. Ziwawa ndizochepa. Nkhope yake ndiyosalala, ndipo ndimayang'ana pamenepo. Zomwe amazipangira ndi lalanje owala.
Moyo wam'madzi wamadzi umatsimikizira zina mwazinthu zachilengedwe zamtunduwu. Chifukwa chake, kutseguka kwamkaka kwa nutria kumakhala ndi minyewa yotseka yokhazikika ndipo imatsekedwa mwamphamvu ngati pakufunika. Milomo yakutsogolo yogawanika, yotsekedwa mwamphamvu kumbuyo kwa zitsulo, izi zimathandiza kuti nyamayo izitula mbewu pansi pamadzi ndipo nthawi imeneyi isalole madzi kukamwa. Nembanemba amapezeka pakati pa zala zakumiyendo ya kumbuyo. Mchira wake ndi wozungulira, wopanda tsitsi, nkhope yake imakutidwa ndi khungu, kwinaku ndikusambira mchira wa nutria ngati chiwongolero. Magulu 4-5 a mabere am'mimba ndi ma nipples ali pamalo okwera azimayi a nutria, kuti ana athe kulandira chakudya ngakhale m'madzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, nutria imakhala ndi ubweya wopanda madzi, womwe umakhala ndi nsapato zazitali zopota komanso chikwama chofiirira chakudontha. M'mphepete, chovalacho ndichopepuka, chili ndi chikasu chachikasu. Pamiyeso ndi mbali zake, ndimakungoyala kuposa kumbuyo, ndicholinga choti lisunge kutentha pamunsi. Kukhetsa mu akulu kumachitika pang'onopang'ono chaka chonse. Imayenda pang'onopang'ono pakati pa chilimwe (kuyambira Julayi mpaka Ogasiti) komanso nthawi yozizira (kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi). Nutria imakhala ndi ubweya wabwino kwambiri kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi.
Nutria zakudya
Nutria ndi nyama yodziwika bwino kwambiri. Amadyetsa nthangala, masamba, nzimbe ndi masamba amphaka. Komanso mu zakudya zamakolo ndimabango, zifuwa zamadzi, kakombo wamadzi, ndi madzi ofiira. Nthawi zina, nutria amadya nyama (leeches, mollusks), koma pokhapokha ngati sipakhala masamba okwanira.
Kodi nutria amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Live Nutria
Poyamba, penti imeneyi imangokhala ku South America. Awa ndi kwawo. Imapezeka mdera lochokera ku Brazil kupita ku Strait of Magellan. Masiku ano, nyamayi imagaidwa m'maiko ena ambiri. Amadziwa bwino ku Europe, North America, Caucasus, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan. Nutria adawonekera m'maderawa chifukwa cha pulogalamu yokhazikitsanso nyumba.
Mapulogalamu abwezeretsedwe a natiria adachitika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000. Nthawi zambiri, nutria adasinthika bwino, adayamba kuchulukirachulukira ndikukhazikika pamayiko atsopano. Komabe, panali zovuta zina pakukonzanso nyumba. Mapulawo sanazike mizu ku Africa, m'malo ena a gawo lomwe kale linali Soviet Union. M'madera ena, nutria idayamba mizu, koma anamwalira ndi nyengo yachisanu.
Mwachitsanzo, chiwerengerochi chidawonongekeratu ndi kuzizira kwambiri ku Scandinavia, m'maiko ena kumpoto kwa USA.
Kwa moyo wa natiria, amasankha malo pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, nyanja, madambo. Madzi mu dziwe ayenera kukhala osasunthika, kapena oyenda pang'ono, gombe lamadzi ndi madambo - odutsa. Munkhalango zowirira, mapiri, nyama sikhala. Sichikupezeka pamtunda wamtunda chikwi. Komanso, madera omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri satha kupewedwa.
Kodi nutria amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Male Nutria
Kwa moyo wonse, a Koipu amakonda kusankha m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, nyanja zosazama, matupi a madzi okhala ndi madzi osayenda. Amapanga mafunde kumtunda, komwe kuli masamba ambiri. Pamalo omwe amakhala sizovuta kuti muyerekeze kuti Zakariya amadya chiyani. Zakudya zake zambiri ndizomera zam'mera. Nyama izi ndizosasamala chakudya.
Amakonda kudya:
- Masamba, mapesi amphaka,
- Mphukira zazing'ono za nzimbe
- Mizu ya mbewu zam'madzi zambiri zam'madzi,
- Maluwa amadzi ndi mabango
- Mfuwa yamadzi.
Ngati malo okhala makoswe amayamba kumva njala, imatha kudya zipatso zingapo, zipatso kapena mphutsi. Komabe, izi zimachitika nthawi ndi nthawi. Pokhala ndi kusowa kwa zakudya, nutria amakonda kungopeza malo amoyo.
Chosangalatsa: Makina onse a nutria, mawonekedwe ake amatomiki amatha kusinthidwa kuti akhale moyo wamadzi. Kapangidwe kapadera ka ziwalozo kumathandiza kuti nyamayo idye chakudya ngakhale pansi pa dziwe osapumira.
Zakudya zomwe zili ndi mafuta a nutria kunyumba ndizosiyana pang'ono.Kuti zikule bwino, ubweya wokongola, obereketsa amadyetsa nyama ndi chakudya chapadera komanso kuwonjezera mbewu, udzu, masamba. Nthawi zina eni minda amafesa chakudya chotsalira kuchokera pagome lawo pachakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku.
Dyetsani wosakaniza, wothira. Zakudya zoterezi zimawonedwa ngati zothandiza kwambiri. Mukasunga ziweto zambiri zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma nthawi yomweyo, lamulo limodzi lofunika liyenera kuonedwa - madzi atsopano ayenera kupezeka nthawi zonse kwa nutria. Izi ndizofunikira.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Wachikazi wa Nutria
Moyo wonse wa natiria umadutsa pafupi ndi malo osungira, mitsinje, madambo. Nyama imapewa mapiri, nyengo yozizira. Kuti apange mabowo ake, amasankha malo okhala ndi masamba ambiri, chifukwa zakudya zamasamba zimapanga 90 peresenti ya zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku. Moyo wa nutria ungatchedwa theka-wamadzi. Nyama imakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi. Amatha kudya kumeneko, kusambira.
Coipu amagwira ntchito kwambiri kumalo achilengedwe usiku. Usiku amapeza chakudya mwachangu. Amadya mapesi, nthangala, masamba, mabango. Ngati pali masamba pang'ono, amatha kugwira ndi kudya leech, mollusk. Moyo wa nyama izi ndiwosakhazikika. Nutria ndi osowa akakhala malo amodzi. Nthawi zonse amayenda ndikusowa kwa zakudya zamasamba.
Chochititsa chidwi: Koipu ndiwosambira kwambiri. Popanda mpweya, zolengedwa zoyamwitsa izi zimatha kuyenda kupitirira mamita zana pansi pamadzi. Amapuma kwa mphindi 7 kapena 10 popanda kuvulaza thupi lawo.
Nutria amapanga mabowo pamatanthwe otsetsereka, otsetsereka. Malo okhala amakhala ndi njira zingapo zovuta kuyenda. Nyama zingapo zimakhala m'makola nthawi imodzi - kuyambira ziwiri mpaka khumi. Magulu amenewo amakhala ndi akazi angapo, wamwamuna ndi mbadwa zawo. Amuna achichepere amakonda kukhala payokha, yekha.
Monga nyama ina iliyonse yokhala ndi ubweya, nutria imakhala ndi molt. Komabe, mu coipu sichikhala ndi malire pakanthawi. Kubalalitsa kumlingo umodzi kumachitika chaka chonse. Tsitsi locheperako limagwa nthawi yachilimwe komanso yophukira pachaka. M'nyengo yozizira yokha ndiye kuti kutayika kumatha. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama izi zimakhala ndi ubweya wabwino koposa.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mwana Nutria
Koipu amabereka mwangwiro mu vivo komanso mu ukapolo. Ndi chonde kwambiri chomwe chimalola kusunga kuchuluka kwa nyama pamlingo wokwanira. Mu chaka chimodzi, mkazi wamkulu amatha kubereka kangapo. M'mimba imodzi, mkazi amanyamula mpaka ana amuna asanu ndi awiri.
Amuna a banja lino ali okonzekera kubereka chaka chonse. Amakhala otakataka, mosiyana ndi azimayi awo. Mwa akazi, zochitika zimachitika pokhapokha - masiku makumi awiri ndi kasanu mpaka makumi atatu. Nthawi zambiri, nutria amabweretsa ana mu nyengo yotentha - kasupe, chilimwe. Mimba ya chinyama sichikhala nthawi yayitali - pafupifupi masiku zana limodzi ndi makumi atatu. Kuchepa kwa akazi kumatsika pofika zaka zitatu.
Chosangalatsa: Ana a Coipu ali ndi ziwopsezo zambiri zakupulumuka. Little nutria amatha kuzolowera nthawi yomweyo mikhalidwe yadziko yowazungulira. Nyama zimatengera zizolowezi za makolo awo kwenikweni patatha masiku ochepa atabadwa. Amayambanso kusambira, kuyesa zakudya zina zam'mera.
Ana a Coipu amakula mwachangu kwambiri. Pachimake kukula kumachitika m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira ya moyo. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, amachoka ku chisa cha banja, amayamba kukhala pawokha. Mu chilengedwe, nyama iyi imakhala pafupifupi zaka zisanu.
Makhalidwe a Nutria
Nutria ali ndi moyo wamadzi. Nyamayi imakhala m'malo osungirako okhala ndi madzi osayenda kapena madzi oyima, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi ma alder-sedge, pomwe zimera zam'madzi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja zomwe zimadyamo. Nutria amadziwa kusambira komanso kuyenda mwamphamvu. Amakhala pansi pa madzi mpaka mphindi 10. Kuchokera pamoto iwo amabisala mumthunzi.
Zimalepheretsa nutria ya nkhalango zosatha; m'mapiri sizimaposa 1200 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Nutria nthawi zambiri imalekerera chisanu mpaka-35 ° C, koma nthawi zambiri siyabwino kwa nyengo yozizira. Izi ndichifukwa choti nyamayo samamanga malo odalirika ozizira komanso ozizira, chifukwa nthawi yozizira simapanga chakudya, mosiyana ndi beaver kapena muskrat. Kuphatikiza apo, mtedzawu suyenda bwino pansi pa ayezi; ukatsamira mu dzenje la ayezi, sungathe kupeza njira yakufa.
Muzochilengedwe, nutria amagwira ntchito usiku.
Nutria ndi ndodo zapakati-zamaulendo; chakudya chikakhala chochuluka komanso malo okhala, samayenda patali. Zomera zimatulutsidwa ndipo zimapuma zisa zotseguka, zomwe zimamangidwa pamatumba ndi m'nkhokwe za bango ndi malo ogulitsa, kuchokera kumitengo yawo. M'mphepete mwa mtedza, makungu amatuluka, mayendedwe osavuta ndi kayendedwe kazovuta. Mutha kuwapeza panjira zomwe zikuponderezedwa ndi makoswe pazomera zowazungulira. Nutria nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu a anthu 2-13, omwe amaphatikizapo akazi achikulire, ana ndi amuna. Amuna achichepere amakhala imodzi nthawi.
Coypu imakhala ndi makutu olimba, nyamayo imalumpha mwachangu. Masomphenya ndi kununkhira sizinapangidwe bwino.
Kufalikira kwa Nutria
Nutria imatha kubereka pachaka chonse ndipo imakonda nyama. Nthawi zogonana kwambiri mwa amuna zimabwerezedwa masiku 25-30 alionse. Yaikazi nthawi zambiri imawonetsera malita 2-3 pachaka kwa mpaka ana a Rubeni 10, nthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe. Mimba imatenga masiku 127 mpaka 132. Kukula kwamankhwala achinyamata kumakhalabe mpaka zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mu zaka 3-4, chonde cha nutria chimachepa
Nthawi yayitali yomwe munthu amakhala ndi moyo wambiri ndi zaka 6-8.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Nutria yakhala nkhani yofunika kwambiri posodza. Ubweya wake umagwira bwino kwambiri, ndipo nyamayo imakoma kwambiri. Mpaka pano, nyama ya nyamayi imawonedwa ngati chakudya chokwanira. Pankhaniyi, nutria ambiri adamwalira m'manja mwa azitape. Izi zitha kutha kuwonongeratu oyimira banja lino, koma patapita nthawi anayamba kuswana ndi nutria m'mafamu a zoo ndikugawa kumayiko ena.
Nkhani zauchifwamba zachepa kwambiri kuyambira pomwe panali minda ya zoo, komwe nutria idawotchera nsomba. Komabe, kusaka nyama izi kukufunika mpaka pano. Gawo la nyamazo zinathawa kufamu za zozungulira kukalowa kuthengo, ndalama zina zinatulutsidwa ndi alimi omwewo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ubweya. Zonsezi zinapangitsa kuti izi zitheke mwachangu.
Komanso mapulogalamu obwezeretsa nyumba anapulumutsa mtedza kuti usathe. Koipu adazolowera magawo atsopano. Mosakayikira, kubereka kwachilengedwe kumawathandiza kukhalanso ndi anthu ambiri. Ziweto izi zimaswana nthawi zambiri, mwachangu. Ana awo aamuna amatha kuzolowera pafupifupi chilichonse. Kupatulako ndi lalikulu kwambiri ayezi. Zinthu zonsezi zimapangitsa kukhala kotheka kwa anthu okhala ndi mafuta m'thupi mwawo momwe amakhala. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa nyamayi sikubweretsa nkhawa pakati pa asayansi.
Nutria - Makoswe okondweretsa, okhathamira. Nyama imeneyi imatha kubereka ana kangapo pachaka. Chimadya zakudya zamasamba, kusambira komanso kusambira bwino kwambiri. Koipu alinso gawo lofunikira kwambiri posodza. Nyamazo zimakhala ndi ubweya wonenepa, wofunda, wathanzi komanso nyama. Pazifukwa izi, zimagona mwachisawawa ku famu za zozungulira pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi.