Njoka yamadzi ndi njoka wamba, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka kum'mwera kwa dera la Volga. Ngakhale, ku Samara, Saratov ndi Ulyanovsk reg. olembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Mtunduwu umakhala kwathunthu mpaka dzina lake, umakhala pafupi ndi madzi. Amasiyana ndi wamba poti pakalibe mawanga achikasu pamakachisi ndi kupaka utoto (ngakhale kuti ziphuphu zimapezeka pakati pawo). Kudera la Astrakhan limatchedwa "chess" (potanthauzira kuchokera ku lytyn dzina lake lenileni limakhala chess) chifukwa cha mtundu wake. Ndipo anthu akukhulupirira kuti iyi ndi njoka yapoizoni kwambiri, kapena njoka ya njoka ndi njoka, kuchokera kuluma komwe imwalira nthawi yomweyo).
Kazakhstan, dera la Mangistau, gombe la Caspian Sea, pafupi ndi mudzi. Kyzylosen Sindinawonepo njoka zamadzi zambiri chonchi. Gombe pamenepo limapangidwa ndi magawo achilengedwe (sindikudziwa chomwe amatchedwa molondola, popeza sindinakhale mu geology). Ndipo pakati pamaula awa pali zochulukirapo, ming'alu, ndi zina zambiri. komwe njoka zimakhala. Komanso zimatha kupezeka zikuyandama munyanja. Pamalo ano, kunali kofunikira kupita kunyanja kudutsa m'nkhalango ya kachitsamba kakang'ono (sindikudziwa dzinali), ndipo m'makunguwa njoka zanjoka zimamveka kawirikawiri.
Malinga ndi mabukuwo, kukula kwawo sikokwanira kupitirira 1.5 m. Ndipo anthu akuluakulu amawoneka ochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri anthu ochepa amapezeka.
Madzi amapakidwa kale m'matoni a maolivi, pomwe mawanga amdima amawonongeka, pomwe nthawi zina amasintha kukhala mikwingwirima yakuda. Pamalo osungirako, amdima onse (pafupifupi osungunuka) ndi anthu owala wopanda mawanga amapezeka.
Amadyetsa nsomba, ngakhale atha kudya chule. Ameza nsomba zazing'ono pansi pamadzi. Amakokera kumtunda ndi kumadyako, popeza amafunikira thandizo lozama kuti amame. M'mbuyomu zimakhulupirira kuti zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa asodzi mwa kudya nsomba zamtengo wapatali. Koma izi ndizowonjezera. Kuphatikiza apo, m'nthawi ya nkhondo isanachitike, khungu lawo limagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosowa zamafuta. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1930 kokha, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda, zikopa za njoka 50,000 zidatuta m'miyezi iwiri (Dunaev EA, Orlova V.F. Mitundu ya njoka // Moscow University Press, 2003.). Tsoka ilo, sindinathe kudziwa chifukwa chomwe khungu la njoka limafunikira pantchito yopepuka.
Zopatsa zina:
Zovuta pa zaumoyo ndi zaumoyo "Volzhsky Dali"
Sanatorium-resort adatchedwa V.I. Chapaeva
Center for Wellness Wellness "Khola La Monk"
Center and Wellness Center "Pugachevsky"
Sanatorium "Buluu Wamtambo"
Tuberculosis sanatorium "Letyazhevsky"
Sanatorium "October Gorge"
Nyama za mdera la Saratov
Njoka yamadzi (lat. Natrix tessellata) ndi njoka yopanda poizoni yochokera ku banja la omwe ali osiyana kale. Madzi kale ndiye m'bale wapafupi kwambiri wa njoka wamba, koma amakonda malo achinyontho komanso otentha kwambiri. Ichi ndi chodzala chachikulu mpaka 160 cm, koma nthawi zambiri 100-130 cm. Akazi ndi okulirapo kuposa amuna. Njoka zamadzi zokhala ndi zikopa pamitu pawo zosiyana pang'ono kuposa njoka wamba. Kuphatikiza apo, khungu la njoka yamadzi ndi losiyana: kumbuyo kwa mutu kulibe mawanga achikasu, kumbuyo kwake sikunali kofanana ndi ya njoka wamba, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi lalanje-achikasu kapena ofiira. Kumbuyo kwa mutu nthawi zambiri kumakhala malo amdima mawonekedwe a mizere iwiri yotembenukira kumbali yayitali kumbuyo kwa mutu. Mtundu wamba ndi wonyezimira kapena wamtundu wonyezimira, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala wotsekemera kapena wamtambo wopyapyala wa mtundu wamdima umadutsa poyang'anira. Nthawi zina mikwingwirima yayitali imakhala ngati mawanga. Pali anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wa monochromatic, omwe alibe chithunzi, kuwonjezera apo, pali njoka zamadzi zakuda kwathunthu - melanc.
Atangotcha njoka zamadzi: "chosakanizira cha njoka ndi njoka", "mphukira yamatenda", "chess". Mitundu ya njoka N. tessellata idamasuliridwadi kuchokera ku Chilatini ngati chess, koma ilibe kanthu kochita ndi njoka. Chidziwitso cha njoka izi ndi chipatso chabe cha mantha aanthu omwe sakudziwa zilombo. Njoka zamadzi zilibe chizindikiro cha njoka yopanda poizoni chodziwika bwino kwa aliyense - mawanga achikasu a lalanje kumbuyo kwa mutu, komwe njoka wamba imakhala nayo. Kwa anthu, madzi alibe vuto. Zithandizo za njoka imeneyi zimakuwa kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi njoka wamba, madzi amomwe samayeseza kuti ndi akufa.
Komabe, madzi ali kale ndi zizindikiro zingapo zakunja, momwe zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi njoka zapoizoni. Mutu wodziwika bwino ndiwakuti m'mimba mwa njoka imakhala yopindika ndipo mbali zake zambiri (masikelo) pamakhala zazing'ono, pomwe njoka zam'madzi ndizosavomerezeka, ndipo masikelo onse ndi akulu. Ngati mungalimbike mtima ndikuyang'ana m'maso mwa njoka, mutha kuwona kuti mu njoka, monga zilombo zenizeni, kamwana kamakhala kolunjika (monga m'phaka), ndi njoka - yozungulira. Kuphatikiza apo, njoka ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa njoka: Nyoka zazing'ono zazikulu kwambiri zimatalika mpaka 0,73 m.
Madziwo amakhala kale pafupi ndi madzi: m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi ngalande zothirira, m'malo opezeka madzi osefukira, kumene amapeza chakudya. Munthawi yonseyi, madzi amalumikizidwa ndi madzi, malo ake amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamadzi osiyanasiyana, kuchokera kumabwinja amatope omwe ali ndi tinthu tosiyasiyana mpaka mitsinje yam'mapiri ndi mitsinje yokhala ndi mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri. Pazilumba, malo omwe amakhala kwambiri amadziwika m'malo omwe amakhala ndi chinton kapena bango.
Popeza njokayo imadya pamadzi, imakhala m'malo osungirako ndi madzi oyera, ndipo imapewa yoyipitsidwa. Malo omwe amawakonda ndi miyala yosalala yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa mitsinje kapena nthambi zomwe zimayang'ana kumadzi. Zisoka ndizosambira kwambiri, osati pamadzi pokha, komanso pakuzama. Amatha kuyenda kuchokera kumtunda kupita kumtunda wamtunda wamakilomita 5, pomwe amatha kusambira kuti asawononge mafunde. Komanso, njoka izi zimakwera bwino pachitsamba ndi mitengo, nthawi zambiri zimatha kupezeka m'makona azomera zomwe zimamera pafupi ndi madzi.
Ngakhale ali mwamtendere, ndiwopezerera ena. Amakonda kusodza nsomba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana - nsomba, phula, loach, amathanso kusaka nyama. Chakudya chachikulu cha njoka zam'madzi ndi nsomba zomwe zimagwira pakati pazomera zam'madzi, mabatani kapena miseche, yomwe ili pansi. Pakadyetsedwa kamodzi, madzi amatha kumeza nsomba zazing'ono 40, masentimita 2-3 kukula kwake, koma amathanso kusaka nsomba zokulirapo, mpaka kutalika kwa ma 15 sentimita.
Njoka zam'madzi zimakhala ndi njira ziwiri zosakira: zimabisalira nyama, zimathamangira ndi kuthyola kuthamanga kwa mphezi, kapena kutsatira mwachangu kugwira nyama yazo. Ngati kuukira sikuchita bwino, sikugwira nsomba. Njokayo imayesetsa kukangamira pakati pa thupi la womenyedwayo. Nsomba zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimamezedwa mwach pansi pamadzi, koma zazikulu ndizovuta kwambiri kupirira. Chovuta chimakhala chakuti satha kupha ndi kumeza nsomba zazikulu m'madzi, chifukwa amafunika kuthandizidwa mwamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, imagwira nsomba mwamphamvu m'mano ake, ndikuyikweza pamwamba pamadzi ndikusambira kumtunda. Kenako amagwira mchira wake pachithandizo chilichonse ndipo samakoka kapolo woyendayenda mpaka pagombe. Njoka imameza nsomba ija, popeza inali itatembenuza mutu wake yokha. Ngati ntchitoyo ndi yayikulu kwambiri, chakudya chake chimatha kupitilira kwa ola limodzi kapena kupitilira apo.
Nthawi zina madziwo amagwira nyama yayikulu kwambiri kapena yayikulu kwambiri moti singathe kudya. Poterepa, wolakwiridwayo adatuluka movutikira kotero kuti akuyenera kutsalira. Njoka zina zimafa, osawerengera mphamvu ndi kusankha nsomba yayikulu kwambiri. Njoka zimagwira osati nsomba zokha, komanso zala, achule ndi ma swadpoles. Nthawi zambiri, zolengedwa zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi mbalame zimazunzidwa.
Njoka zamadzi zimagwira ntchito masana, ndipo zimagona pansi pa miyala pansi pa gombe, m'malo omata ndi nyama zina. Amakwawa mumtambo wowirira kapena udzu. Nyoka zambiri zamadzi zimasonkhana usiku m'mibedi yamabango. Mu nthawi yozizira, samachedwa, kumakwawa m'malo otentha ndipo amakhala pomwepo. Akawotha, amizidwa ndi madzi ndikukutumiza kukasaka. Tadya, njoka zamphaka nazonso zimaphanso padzuwa. Koma amayesa kupewa kutentha kwambiri pobisalira m'madzi kapena m'nkhalangozi.
Njoka za nthawi yozizira pagombe lopendekera pamabowo m'nthaka kapena m'makola otsetsereka, pakuya pafupifupi masentimita 80. Amatha kubisala aliyense payekhapayekha komanso m'magulu, ndipo nthawi zina zochulukitsa zawo zimakhala zochulukirapo ndikufika pa anthu 200 azaka zosiyana ndi akazi. M'malo amenewa, njoka zimabisala chaka chilichonse. Nyengo yogwira imatha pafupifupi miyezi 9, kuwonekera kuchokera kumalo obisalako nthawi yachisanu mu Epulo.
Njoka zakudzu zimapezeka mu Epulo. Nthawi yakuswana, njoka zamadzi zambiri zimapangidwa. Mu nthawi ya masika, njoka zikauka ku hibernation, zimasambira kutali ndi madzi ndipo zimasonkhana m'magulu a anthu pafupifupi 200, pomwe matani amachitika. Khalidwe la banja lamadzi ndi njoka wamba ndizofanana.
Mu Juni-Julayi, mkaziyo amaikira mazira 6-25. Kulakwitsa kumachitika mu dothi lotayirira, pansi pa miyala. Njoka zam'madzi zachikazi, ngati wamba, zimatha kupanga zinthu pamodzi, momwe muli mazira pafupifupi 1000. Mazira amakula pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, njoka zoswidwa nthawi yomweyo zimayamba kugwira nsomba zazing'ono. Minyoka yamadzi yaying'ono yokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi (yopanda mchira) ya 140-185 mm imapezeka pansi pakati pa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Pothawirapo pa iwo ndi mabedi a mitengo, mizu yamitengo, miyala yokhala pansi pamtunda, zomata za makoswe, stumps ndiwood. Kukula kumachitika mchaka cha 3 cha moyo.
Njoka zam'madzi zimakhalanso ndi nthawi yophukira, nthawi imeneyi zimasunthikanso kumbali yamadzi ndi kukwatirana. Ndipo zazikazi zimayikira mazira okhathamira chilimwe chotsatira.
Njoka zamadzi zimakhala ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri kuposa njoka wamba, amakhala ovutitsidwa ndi mbalame zam'madzi komanso nsomba zazikulu. Hedgehogs amasakidwa ma hedgehogs, muskrat, muskrat, nkhandwe, mbalame zina: osprey, imvi heron, kites, njoka-wakudya, khwangwala, rook ndi ena ena. Ngoziyo ikaiwopseza kale, imadzigwera munkhokwe yamadzi ndi kubisala pansi. Ngati mutenga njoka yamadzi m'manja mwanu, ndiye, monga wamba, imatulutsira madzi achikasu achikasu. Ikakhala pamtunda, imadzigudubuza ndi mpira womata ndikubisalira mutu wake, kapena kumenya nkhondo ndi phokoso losakira adani.
Watermark sakhala wankhanza, pamaso pa munthu nthawi zambiri amayesa kubisala m'madzi kapena pobisalira. Kulumala ndikosowa kwambiri. Kwa munthu machitidwe ake siziwadzetsa ngozi. Komabe, izi sizilepheretsa anthu wamba ndi alendo kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito njoka zamadzi, ndikuzitcha "njoka zam'mimba" kapena "njoka za njoka ndi njoka" ndikuganiza molakwika kuwaganizira. Kuoloka (kusakanizirana) njoka ndi mphiri ndizosatheka, chifukwa njoka izi ndi za mabanja osiyana. Nkhani za anthu omwe amati amapezeka poizoni chifukwa chakulumidwa ndi njoka yamadzi ndizomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusatha kwa anthu ambiri kusiyanitsa njoka yamadzi ndi mphaka wamba. Pafupifupi zotheka kufalitsa kachilonda, chifukwa malovu ali ndi ma bactericidal.
Mitunduyi yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira la dera la Saratov m'gulu la "Kubwezeretsedwa"