Osaka odziwa ntchito akudziwa zimenezo choyambirira, mbuzi zakale komanso zowopsa, zosayenera kubereka mbuzi, komanso ana, koma odwala kapena ali ndi chilema chilichonse, ali ndi kuwombera . Pomwe mbuzi zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zili ndi nyanga zazitali komanso zamphamvu, m'malo mwake, ziyenera kutetezedwa. Komabe, momwe mungakhazikitsire zaka? Nkhani yathu ikhoza kukuthandizani pankhaniyi zovuta ...

Kutsimikiza kwa m'badwo ndi chikhalidwe cha nguluwe zapakhomo

M'mikhalidwe yathu, zaka 8-10 zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zakale za khwangwala. Sikovuta kuti mlenje wodziwa kuzindikira kusiyanitsa pakati pa achichepere - mbuzi ziwiri wazaka ziwiri, anthu apakati - wazaka 5 ndi mbuzi zachikale.

Mbuzi yaying'onoyo imawoneka yopyapyala, yonyadira imanyamula mutu wake pakhosi loonda, imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuwongola mayendedwe ake, komanso kubwezeretsanso. Kusuntha kwa wamwamuna wazaka zapakati kumatsika pang'ono, khosi lake limakhala lolimba, asanapitirize ulendo wake, nthawi zambiri amasiya ndikumvetsera. Makhalidwe ake onse ndi mawonekedwe ake akuwonetsa mtundu wina wokhwima mkati. Mbuzi yakaleyo ndiyoponda komanso yosachedwa kuyenda, khosi lake ndi lalifupi komanso lolimba kwambiri, ndipo imanyamula nthawi zambiri mmbali. Mwamuna wachikulire chotere amadziwika ndi chidwi chothawira m'nkhalango zowirira momwe angathere. Amapita kunyumba mochedwa ndipo posakhalitsa, mbandakucha, akuthamangiranso kuti akapezeko pobisalira.

Kudziwa zaka za roe agwiritse ntchito chigoba cha nkhope

Njira yoyenera yodziwira zaka za mbuzi ndi chigoba cha nkhope yawo, ndiko kuti, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malaya kutsogolo kwa mutu. Mbuzi ya zaka 2 zakubadwa, malo oyera owoneka bwino amaimirira kwambiri pamwamba pa milomo yakuda ndi mphuno. Pamaso pake pali malo owoneka bwino akuda kapena akuda bulauni - monga chithunzi 1.

Mbuzi ya zaka 3-4, malo oyera amafika pafupifupi hafu kapena kutalika kwa otalikirapo - onani chithunzi 2. Wachimuna wazaka 5, malo oyera ndi osalala, ali ndi imvi ndipo akuwoneka kuti akuterera pamphumi, pomwe tsitsi lakuda silikuwonekanso chifukwa cha imvi. .

Kwa mbuzi zakubadwa zaka 6-8 - onani zithunzi 3 ndi 4, pamphumi ndi mphuno ndi imvi kwathunthu, ndipo kwa wazaka 9 zayera, imvi yonse imakhala itayamba kale. M'malo ena a agwape, tsitsi pamphumi (pakati pa nyanga) za mbuzi zakubadwa zisanu ndi zitatu zimayamba kuterera.

Kusiyanaku pamtundu wamutu kungathandize kudziwa molondola zaka za osapendawa mu Meyi-Seputembala, pakati pa nthawi yophukira ndi yophukira. Odwala, nyama zovulala kapena zokhazikika, tsitsi laimvi mu muzzle limathanso kuchitika musanabadwe.

Tikukhulupirira kuti mothandizidwa ndi malingaliro athu ndi maupangiri, tsopano mutha kudziwa zaka zazingwe zazamalonda molondola momwe zingathere.

Nkhaniyi idakonzedwa pamaziko a zida kuchokera kwa Dr. Vaclav Duc omwe adatengedwa kuchokera kwaulere.

Monga lamulo, kudziwa jenda sikovuta. Nyanga zitha kuchitika m'chilimwe, amuna amakhala nazo. Ndipo nthawi yozizira, kugonana kwamphongo kumatha kutsimikizika ndi kutsuka kwa tsitsi pamphumi, komwe kumawoneka bwino kwambiri. Wamphongo kuyambira wamkazi sichovuta kudziwa wazaka chimodzi, ngakhale nthawi yotentha mulibe nyanga. Kenako mutha kuchita izi pomvera chidwi kwambiri. Ndipo zazikazi nthawi yozizira zimatha kudziwika mosavuta ndi mtolo wa tsitsi lomwe limatuluka. Ndipo momwe mungadziwire zaka za nguluwe?

Kodi mbawala imazindikira bwanji zaka?

Ndi kutsimikiza kwa zaka, zinthu zayambaipa. Ngakhale izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pofikira pomwe pali agwape amagwiritsidwa ntchito zapakhomo. Ngati chiweto chadutsa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, ndiye kuti msinkhu womwewo sutha kukhazikitsidwa patali.

• Mwambiri, titha kunena kuti munthu wazaka chimodzi komanso wachikulire alibe thupi lalikulu, miyendo yawo imawoneka yayitali. Koma zamphongo zikakhala pachimake pa chitukuko chonse, thupi lake limawoneka kwambiri, ndipo miyendo yake imakhala yifupi.
• Koma akazi, ali aang'ono kwambiri ali ndi bere. Ndipo akazi achikulire amakhala ndi thupi lonyansa, losalala komanso lonyansa.
• Zizindikiritso za msinkhu ndi mawonekedwe a mutu ndi mawonekedwe ake. M'mutu mwa achichepere, mutu umakhala wocheperako, koma amuna umakhala waukulu ndipo umawoneka wafupikira. Njira yodziwira zaka za utoto ndizoyenera kudziwa chinyama chaching'ono kapena chachikulire. Sizingatheke kudziwa bwinobwino.
• Utoto ukhoza kuweruzidwa mutatha kusungunuka. Ponena za abambo, muzzle wazaka chimodzi amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda. Amuna omwe adayamba kale kukhala ndi malo oyera pamphuno, ndipo patsogolo pake, malowo amakula, ndipo ndi ukalamba amakhala imvi. Komanso, msambo wa nyama ukhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndi imvi.
• Chizindikiro chimodzi chodalirika ndi nyanga. Molondola, kutalika kwa besi zawo. Chifukwa choti nyanga zimaponyedwa pachaka, kutalika kwake kumayamba kuchepera chaka chilichonse. Ngati yamphongo ili ndi “nyanga” m'ming'alu ndi yokutidwa ndi tsitsi, ndiye kuti ndiye kuti ndi wokalamba. Chizindikiro china cha unyamata wamwamuna ndi kusapezeka kwa njira pa nyanga. Ngati sichoncho, ichi ndi chizindikiro kuti nyanga ndi yoyamba. Akuluakulu, pamakhala machitidwe nthawi zonse ndipo ndodo za nyanga zawo pamunsi ndizolimba.
• Kutulutsa nyanga ndi chidziwitso cha zaka. Nyanga zoyambirira zamphongo ndi amuna akuluakulu. Ndipo ali ndi masabata pafupifupi atatu kale kuposa atsopano omwe amakula ndi kuyeretsa pakhungu. Titha kunenanso kuti m'masiku akale agwape, kupangidwa kwa nyanga kumapangidwa mokwanira kumapeto kwa February, amuna azaka zapakati pakatikati pa Marichi, ndipo mwa achinyamata okha kukula kwawo kumayambira mu Marichi. Koma apa zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mapangidwe a nyanga amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mkhalidwe wakanyama. Ngati ili pamlingo wokwera, ndiye kuti nyanga zimamera m'mawa ndipo izi zipangitsa kuti nyamayo ikhale yachikale.
• M'badwo wina ukhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndi kusungunuka. Imachitika mchaka, woyamba kukhota wachinyamata wazaka chimodzi. Amuna azaka zapakati pakusintha kwamitundu kokha pofika m'ma Juni. Ndipo zazikazi zimayamba kulira ngakhale pambuyo pake. Kukanda, komwe kumachitika mu kugwa, kumachitidwa motere.
• Zaka za dee dees zitha kutsimikizidwanso ndi machitidwe awo. Achinyamata amakhala kwa nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi amayi awo. Nthawi zina ngakhale asanabadwe kwawo. Ndipo mwachilengedwe amatha kusewera, chidwi komanso kusamala pang'ono. Komanso, nyama zachikulire zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi machitidwe awo, ndizowopsa komanso zosamala.
• Zaka za nguluwe za roe zimafotokozedwa bwino ndi chigaza ndi mano a nyama. Ukalamba sutsimikiziridwa molondola ndi kuchuluka kwa komwe mano akuthwa.
• M'badwo wolondola kwambiri ungathe kudziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mikwingwirima yakuda pam mano, omwe amakhala ofewa chifukwa chosowa calcium pakukalamba.
• Zosintha mthupi la luluzi zimakhudza mwachindunji mano. Mikwingwirima yakuda imawoneka pachi dzino nthawi yachisanu, yotentha kwambiri. Ndipo chaka chilichonse amapezeka ambiri.
• Ponena za zaka za chigaza, muyenera kudalira kutsogola kumaso. Mwa achichepere amatchulidwa, mwa achikulire sadziwika.

Roe deer, yemwe dzina lake malinga ndi nthanoyi amachokera ku maso akuda bii, ndi m'modzi mwa oyimira achikale kwambiri pabanja la agwape. Kufufuza zotsalira zakale zokumbidwa pansi kumatsimikizira kuti nyama zokhudzana ndi zaka zoposa 40 miliyoni zapitazo zinakhalapo.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Roe deer - chinyama yaying'ono kukula kwake kokhazikika komanso yokongola ndi khosi lalitali lokongoletseka, miyendo yayifupi ikutha m'miyendo yakuthwa. Kutalika kwakukulu kumapeto ndi 80 masentimita, kutalika kwa thupi ndi 1-1.4 mamita. Kupukutira kumakhala kowoneka bwino ndi maso akulu akulu. Makutu owongoka amapanga pang'ono kupitirira theka kutalika kwa chigaza. Dzina lachiwiri la nyama ndi mbuzi yakuthengo.

Miyendo yakumbuyo ya nyamayo ndi yayitali kuposa yakutsogolo, yomwe imalongosola kayendedwe makamaka mu kulumpha, imalola kudumpha kutalika kuposa awiri ndi mpaka mita sikisi, ndikuyenda ndi kukongola kwake.

Thupi lalifupi likuvekedwa korona ndi mchira wawung'ono, wosaoneka chifukwa cha ubweya wakuda. Nyama ikasungidwa, mchira wake umatuluka ndipo pansi pakepo pamawoneka malo oyera, otchedwa kalilore ndi osaka.

Wamphongo amasiyana ndi wamkazi osati zokulirapo, komanso nyanga, zomwe zimayamba kukula m'mwezi wachinayi wa moyo. Nyanga za Roe osati opanda mawonekedwe ngati agwape, koma ali ndi mawonekedwe awo. Kukula molunjika kumutu kuyambira wazaka zitatu zimakhala ndi njira zitatu, zomwe sizikukula ndi zaka, koma kukhala otchuka kwambiri.

Malekezero a nyanga ndi opindika mkati, monga machitidwe akunja. Mafupa amakula ndi ma tubercles (ngale) opangidwa bwino. Mbawala za Roe nthawi yozizira zimakhala imvi; nthawi yotentha, mtundu umasinthira kukhala ofiira wagolide kapena bulauni.

Katswiri wodziwika bwino wa zojambula, wolemba zamatenda, Konstantin Flerov, wasayansi yodziwika bwino wa sayansi ya zachilengedwe:

Oimira amtunduwu amakhala ku Western Europe, kuphatikiza Great Britain, Caucasus, gawo la ku Europe, Iran, Palestine. Nyama ndizofala ku Belarus, Moldova, mayiko a Baltic komanso kumadzulo kwa Ukraine.

Khwangwala waku Europe amapangika pang'ono - thupi ndi lopitilira mita, kutalika kwake kumafota ndi 80 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 12-40 kg. Chovala chachisanu chimakhala chakuda, chakuda kuposa mitundu ina. M'chilimwe, imvi imayimiririka ndi thupi lofiirira.

Ma Rosette a nyanga amabzalidwa mosamala, mitengo ikuluikuluyo imakhala yotalikirana, yotambalala pang'ono, mpaka 30 cm. Ngale za pearl zimakulitsidwa.

Malo omwe amagawikidwira mtunduwu ndi kum'mawa kwa gawo la Europe lomwe kale linali Soviet Union, kuyambira kudutsa Volga, kumpoto kwa Caucasus, Siberia mpaka Yakutia, zigawo zakumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mongolia komanso kumadzulo kwa China.

Roe Deer waku Siberia zokulirapo kuposa European - kutalika kwa thupi ndi 120-140 masentimita, kutalika kwa kufota kumakhala mita, kulemera kwake kumayambira 30 mpaka 50 kg. Anthu pawokha amafika 60 kg. Akazi ndi ocheperako komanso pafupifupi 15 cm.

M'chilimwe, khungu la mutu ndi thupi limafanana - chikasu. Nyanga zake zimafalikira kwambiri, ndipo zikuwonekera kwambiri. Fikirani kutalika kwa masentimita 40, kukhala ndi njira 5. Malo ogulitsira ndi ochuluka, osakhudzana. Ngale zopangidwa bwino ndizofanana ndi mphukira. Mabuluni otupa amatuluka kwambiri.

Mtundu wowoneka wa roe deer ndiwachilengedwe mwa mitundu yonse, koma ku Siberian, mosiyana ndi ku Europe, sapezeka m'mizere itatu, koma anayi.

1. Far East kapena Manchu

Nyama zimakhala kumpoto kwa Korea, kumadera a Primorsky ndi Khabarovsk. Kukula kwake, mpunga wa Manchu ndi wokulirapo kuposa ku Europe, koma wocheperako kuposa Siberian. Chowoneka mosiyanitsa - kalirole pansi pa mchira siwoyera koyera, koma ofiira.

M'nyengo yozizira, tsitsi kumutu limatulukira ndi utoto wakuda kwambiri kuposa thupi. M'chilimwe, agwape amakhala ofiira owoneka ndi bulauni lakuda kumbuyo.

Malo ogawa - China, East Tibet. Mbali ina yosiyanitsa mitundu ndiyo mabulangete akuluakulu komanso otupa kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yonse. Maonekedwe a Sichuan powoneka amatikumbutsa za Far East, koma otsika kutalika komanso osapepuka.

Ubweya m'nyengo yozizira ndi imvi ndi utoto wonyezimira, mphumi zimayang'ana kunja ndi mtundu wakuda. M'nyengo yotentha, nyamayo imakhala ndi utoto wofiira.

Moyo & Habitat

Ngakhale pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana, malo ambiri ogawikirako, malo omwe amakonda kwambiri agwape ndi ofanana. Izi zikuphatikiza nkhalango zam'mapiri, nkhalango zowirira kapena nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zotchingira. Nyama zimadya madzi ambiri, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'malo otetezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje.

Ma conifers amdima osapondaponda mbuzi zamtchire samakopeka chifukwa chosowa chakudya, chivundikiro chachikulu cha chisanu pachisanu. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka kuphukira, nyama zimapanga ng'ombe zazing'ono, zowerengeka mpaka 20 nyama, nthawi yotentha munthu aliyense amakhala payokha.

Potentha, mbawala zimadyera m'mawa, madzulo ndi usiku, ndikumakonda kudikirira kutentha pamithunzi ya mitengo. Pambuyo pa nthambiyi, kuyambira Okutobala mpaka kumapeto kwa Novembala, kumayendayenda kumalo achisanu kumayamba kusaka chakudya kapena chifukwa chakusintha kwanyengo kanyengo. Kuyenda mtunda wautali kumachitika usiku, m'njira zomwe magulu osamukira nthawi zambiri amaphatikizana ndi ng'ombe zazing'ono zina.

Atafika pamalowo, nyamazo zimangobisalira kunkhalangoko, ndikuchotsa chipale chofewa pamalo pomwe anagona. Ndi chimphepo champhamvu amaunjikana. Potentha, amakonda kukonza malo oti adzapumulirane.

Amapangidwa mwanjira yoti azitha kuyang'anira malo ambiri momwe mungathere. Mphepo imayenera kuwomba kuchokera kumbuyo kuti imanunkhize zilombozi zisanayandikire.

Maulendo ataliatali amakhala a agwape a ku Siberia. Panthawi yogawa mitundu ya ku Europe, nyengo ndiyofatsa, nkosavuta kupeza chakudya, chifukwa chosamukasamuka satha kusintha pang'ono. Anthu otengera malo otsetsereka a m'mapiri amatsika m'malo otsika nthawi yozizira kapena amasamukira kumalo ena, kumene kuli matalala ochepa.

Mbuzi zamtchire ndizosambira bwino kwambiri zomwe zimatha kudutsa Cupid. Koma kutumphuka pamtunda wa 30 cm kwa mitundu ya ku Europe ndi 50 cm kwa Siberian kumayambitsa zovuta kuyenda. Zinyama zazing'ono zimayang'anitsa miyendo yawo pachithaphwi cha chisanu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunidwa ndi mimbulu, nkhandwe, lynxes kapena harzas. Roe mbawala m'nyengo yozizira amayesa kuyenda m'njira zoyendetsedwa kuti asaunjike chisanu.

Ndi nyengo yozizira yozizira ndi kulowetsedwa kwanthawi yayitali, kuwonjezera pa kuukira kwa adani, gulu limakumana ndi ngozi inanso. Pali kufa kwakukulu kwa anthu chifukwa cholephera kupeza chakudya.

Mu kasupe, magulu amabwerera kumalo odyetserako chilimwe, kukagawanika, ndipo aliyense amatenga gawo lake la 2-3 lalikulu mita. km Pamalo abata, nyama zimayenda pamakwerero kapena pachimake, pangozi zimadumpha, zimafalikira pansi. Maso awo amapukutira, koma kumva, kununkhira kumayenda bwino.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Khola la Roe limaphatikizapo zitsamba, mphukira, masamba, masamba achichepere ndi zipatso za zitsamba ndi mitengo. M'nyengo yozizira, mbuzi zamtchire zimadyera:

• hay
• nthambi za aspen, msondodzi, chitumbuwa cha mbalame, mapiri am'madzi, linden, phulusa lamapiri,
• Moss ndi lichens zopezeka pansi pa chisanu.

Mbuzi zakutchire nthawi zina zimakhala zokonzeka kudya singano, koma mosiyana ndi makungwa ena agulu samadya. Mbawala za Roe zimakonda makamaka zakudya zamagaya, zosaphika kwambiri. M'nyengo yotentha, lingonberry, buluu ndi zipatso zamtchire zamtchire amadya zipatso.

Bowa amadyedwa pang'ono. Amakonda kudyera m'nthambi zazomera kapena m'minda ya clover. Ma acorn, ma chestnut, zipatso zamitengo yamtchire, ndi mtedza wa beech zimadulidwa pansi.

Amakonda kukaona zingwe za mchere komanso zachilengedwe, zomwe asaka amagwiritsa ntchito pofufuza nyama. Nyama zikamadya msipu zimadandaula ndipo zimasamala, nthawi zambiri zimayang'ana uku ndi uku, zimasuzumira ndikumamvetsera kuthengo kulikonse.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Kuchepa kwa Roe kumachitika mchaka chachitatu cha moyo. Mpikisano umayamba kumapeto kwa Julayi kapena August. Pakadali pano, ng'ombe yamphongo ikuluikulu ikwanitsa kuphatikiza zazikazi 6. Mimba imatenga milungu 40, koma ili ndi mawonekedwe ake.

Mwana wosabadwayo, atadutsa magawo oyambilira, amasintha mpaka miyezi 4-4.5. Kukula kwowonjezereka kumachitika kuyambira Disembala mpaka kumapeto kwa Epulo. Ngati mpikisano wamalimwe wasowa ndipo umuna ukachitika mu Disembala, ndiye kuti mimba imangotenga miyezi 5, kudutsa nthawi yotsiriza.

Gon imayinso yachilendo. Ziphuphu sizimangoyendayenda ngati mitundu ina ya agwape, kuyitanitsa munthu wamkazi kapena wamkazi, koma zimupeza zomwe zili mdera lawo. Kulimbana pakati pa amuna ochokera kumadera oyandikana nawo kumachitika pomwe sangathe kugawana nawo.

Popereka ng'ombe, mbuzi imalowetsa m'nkhokwe zowirira pafupi ndi madzi. Woyamba kubadwa amabweretsa agwape amodzi, ndipo achikulire - awiri kapena atatu. Masiku oyambira, ana akhanda amakhala ofooka kwambiri, osagona, chiberekero sichiri kutali ndi iwo.

Pakatha sabata, ana amayamba kumutsatira kwa mtunda wautali. Pofika chapakati pa Juni, nguluwe za m'madzi zimadya zokha, ndipo mu Ogasiti mtundu wamtunduwu umasinthidwa kukhala bulauni kapena chikaso.

Pofika nthawi yophukira, anyamata amuna amakhala ndi nyanga zazing'ono sentimita 5, zotulutsidwa mu Disembala. Kuyambira Januware mpaka masika, atsopano amakula, monga akuluakulu. Nthawi yayitali mbuzi zakutchire ndi zaka 12-16.

Roe agulu osaka

Roe nswala - chinthu chomwe chimasaka, kusaka masewera. Kuwombera amuna kumavomerezeka mwalamulo ndi layisensi kuyambira Meyi mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Nthawi yosaka akazi imayamba mu Okutobala, ndipo imatha kumapeto kwa Disembala.

Nyama nyama Amawawona kukhala ofunika kwambiri pakati pa anthu osakhulupirira. Ndi calorie yotsika, yokhala ndi 6% yokha ya mafuta otsika-Reflexory. Oyenera chakudya chamagulu onse odwala ndi odwala. Zinthu zofunikira kwambiri zimakhazikika m'chiwindi, ndipo katundu wa antitumor amadziwika ndi chiwindi. Chifukwa chake, mbuzi zakutchire ndizowoneka bwino monga chinthu chowombera.

Nyama nthawi zonse zimakhala pachikumbutso, zilibe kanthu kuti zili pabusa kapena kutchuthi. Mbuzi zimakhota mbali zosiyanasiyana ndi mitu yawo, kusuntha makutu awo. Pangozi pang'ono yomwe amaimitsidwa, nthawi iliyonse amakhala okonzeka kuthawa. Zinthu zosadziwika, zokayikitsa zimadutsa mbali yaewu.

Roe agulu osaka imayang'ana asodzi ndi amateurs kuti apirire, maphunziro a masewera, kuthamanga kwa kuchitapo kanthu, kulondola kuwombera. M'nyengo yozizira, mlenje yekha amatenga nyama pamalo obisalira kapena ina.

Mlandu wachiwiri ndiwosangalatsa, umafunikira luso, luso komanso kudziwa momwe mbuzi zimakhalira. Choyamba, malowa adafufuzidwa. Akapeza kuti ndi chiyani, wosaka waluso amazindikira mtundu wa mayendedwe ake.

Mapazi ang'onoang'ono komanso ochulukirapo osiyanasiyana amphanga amadziwika kuti pali malo ogona ndipo kuthekera kokuwona ng'ombe ndikutalika. Nthawi zambiri amadyetsa ndi kupumula malo omwe amakhala pafupi ndi oyandikana nawo, motero ndikofunikira kupeza malo ogona. Mawonekedwe awo ndi ochepa.

Izi ndichifukwa choti nyamayo ikokwana bwino - imadzinyamula yokha miyendo, ikakanikiza mutu wake pafupi ndi chifuwa. Ngati mayendedwe ndi osowa, akuzama - nguluwe adathawa, kuti apitirire limodzi ndi chabe.

Kusaka magawo ndi machitidwe motengera:

1. Nyengo yabwino nyengo - kudutsa, mphepo. Muyenera kupita kunja kutacha.
2. Shotgun, zida zokonzekera pasadakhale.
3. Yambirani kudutsa gawo m'mbali.
4. Kusunthaku kuyenera kukhala chete, poyang'ana pang'onopang'ono, kusiya.
5. Simungathe kusuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta onunkhira.
6. Oyenera nyama zolimbana ndi mphepo.
7. Maulendo a chipale chofewa okhala ndi zigzag, kuwoloka maulendo molowera.
8. Mwayi wakuchita bwino umachulukitsa pakutsata gulu, osati munthu.
9. Ngati mwamva nthambi ikusweka pansi pa phazi lanu kapena mutawona mbuzi ikusunthira kumayendedwe anu - yeretsani ndipo musayende osachepera mphindi 5.
10. Kuthamanga ndi kufulumira pamene kuthamangitsidwa sikulephera. Mfuti imayatsidwa ntchito pamene agwapewo amayimira kuti awone gwero la ngozi pambuyo poti adumphe angapo.

Nyama yovulazidwa imatha kuthamanga mtunda wautali. Kuti mupewe kufunafuna nyama yovulala nthawi yayitali, muyenera kuwombera motsimikiza. Malo abwino owombera ndi theka lakutsogolo la thupi, ndiko kuti, mutu, khosi, chifuwa, pansi pa phewa.

M'chilimwe, kuwonjezera pa kusaka kuchokera pamayendedwe, ng'ombe zimasakidwa mothandizidwa ndi chovunda panthawi yachikazi. Mawuwo amayenera kuwoneka ngati mawu achikazi. Amayamba mwakachetechete, kugwiritsa ntchito semolina mphindi 10 zilizonse, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera mawu.

Nyama zazing'ono zimabwera kuthamanga mwachangu. Nthawi zina zazikazi zimawonetsedwa poyamba, ndikutsatira ng'ombe. Kusaka kumachitidwa kuchokera pa nsanja pomwe mlenje amabisalira pamtengo, atapangira kale solonetz kapena corral.

Mlandu wachiwiri, gulu la alenje agawidwa kukhala omenya ndi owombera pamanambala. Awo omwe adapanga kale zokongoletsera za agalu ndi agalu, atapachikidwa mbendera pachigawo, kupatula malo omwe mivi ili.

Roe agulu m'dzinja alibe nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito michere yomwe analandila m'chilimwe, chifukwa chake nyama yake imawoneka yothandiza kwambiri nthawi ino ya chaka, makamaka mu Seputembala. Nyama ya mbuzi zakutchire ndi mphotho yoyenera kwa osaka, popeza kuyang'anira ndi kupha nyama yofulumira, yosamala si ntchito yovuta.

Abambo a Roe, ngati agwada onse, amagwetsa nyanga zawo m'nyengo yozizira. Kukula kwawo kumachitika motere. Nyama zamphongo zazimuna zili ndi nyanga kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba (Okutobala-Novembala) - njira zochepa za mafupa zokutidwa ndi khungu - "mapaipi". Pofika mwezi wa Epulo-Meyi chaka chamawa, njirazi zimakula pamwamba pamakutu ndipo ndi "zikhomo" zowuma. "Mbuzi" ziyeretse kuchokera ku malaya "ansalu" achikopa, ndipo nyanga zimakhala zosalala, "ndodo" zolozera kumapeto. Amuna amavala "ndodo" izi nthawi yonse yachilimwe komanso yophukira mpaka Disembala-Januware. Kenako nyanga zoyambirira zimagwa ngati "mbuzi" zachikulire: pa chigaza cha nyamayo pamangokhala "stump" zokhazokha ndi khungu. Pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo (pofika mwezi wa Marichi), nyanga yachiwiri, yokulirapo, yophimbanso ndi khungu, imayamba kukula anyamata achichepere. Pofika chilimwe, amapangidwa mokwanira ndipo amakhala ndi njira ziwiri kapena zitatu. Pakuyamba kwa nyengo yakukula (pafupifupi, pakatikati pa chilimwe) nyanga izi zimayeretsedwa ndi "velvet" ndipo zimasiyana ndi nyanga za akuluakulu ndi ndodo yocheperako ndi njira zake, mawu ofooka osonyeza kuti "rosette" - mafupa amakula kumunsi. Nyanga zachiwiri za "mbuzi" zimatayidwa pazaka zopitilira ziwiri: mu Novembala-Disembala chaka chachitatu cha moyo. Amasiyanso "zophuka" zokulira ndi khungu, ndipo amapanganso mpaka chaka chamawa. Nyanga izi sizosiyana ndi nyanga za anthu okalamba. Kupitilira apo, kusintha kwamphamvu kwa nyanga kumachitika chaka chilichonse, koma kuchuluka kwa njirazo sikuwonjezeredwa. Nyanga zimangokulira chifukwa cha kukula kwa mizere yayitali ndikukula kwa chiwerengero ndi kukula kwa "ngale". Mu "mbuzi" zakale, kuchepa kwa nyanga ndi kotheka - kusintha mawonekedwe awo, kuchepetsa thupi, ndi zina zambiri.

Roe ali ndi moyo wachilengedwe wazaka pafupifupi 15, koma palibe m'modzi wakuthengo amene angathe kufikirako. Mwambiri, ngakhale nyama zowoneka bwino komanso zodziwa zambiri zimafa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawomberedwa ndi asaki, zisanathe zaka.

Ngakhale mitundu yambiri ya agwape amapeza madera akuluakulu, nkosatheka kuwona malo okhala mosalekeza (malo owoneka bwino) m'malo awa. Mbawala zamtundu wa Roe zimakonda kuposa china chilichonse kudzera m'nkhalango kapena m'nkhalango zowirira zomwe zimakhala ndi udzu wambiri. Koma pansi pa kukhumudwitsa kwakukulu kwa anthu pa nkhalango yokhala m'nkhalango (ku Europe ndi madera ambiri ku Asia), malo okhalamo malo olima, agwape amaponderezedwera m'nkhalango zosiyanasiyana zosakanizika, kupatula malo osatha a taiga.

M'malire am'mwera a masanjidwewo, nyama izi zimakhala m'nkhalango zamapiri, zitsamba ndi mabango, mabango a nyanja, malo obzala nkhalango, malo ambiri okhala ndi udzu wambiri, paminda yaminda yolima, etc.

Fotokozani momwe mphamvu yoyendera dzuwa imagawidwira Padziko Lapansi. Apatseni lingaliro la negentropy ya mphamvu yoyendera dzuwa.
Mphamvu ya dzuwa imagawidwa mosasiyananso - m'malo obisika padziko lapansi Dzuwa limakhala lozungulirazungulira pakuwoneka kwa Dzuwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, ndipo poyimilira patalipatali matayala omwewo, akugwera pakona padziko lapansi, amawotcha malo okulirapo -.

Njira yosaka ya Muskrat
Alenje amapita kukasodza muskrat pambuyo pa Seputembara 15th. Pofika nthawi ino, muskrat amaliza kusungunuka. Kwenikweni, osaka m'munda amagwiritsa ntchito msimbi wachitsulo. Usodzi wa msodzi. Msampha ndi chida chosavomerezeka chachitsulo (Chithunzi 8) chogwiritsidwa ntchito kukankha.

Malamulo ophatikiza zida zovuta
Synergetics imatipatsa mwayi kuti tidziwe malamulo a kusintha kwa mapangidwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mibadwo yosiyanasiyana yomwe ikukhala pamiyeso yosiyanasiyana, komanso kuphatikiza kapangidwe kake kosavuta kukhala kovuta kwambiri. Osati zomanga zilizonse kapena china chilichonse, osagwirizana mulimonse koma osapitako.

Roe deer, kapena mbuzi yakuthengo (Capreolus), ndi mtundu wa mbuzi zamtchire zomwe zimasiyana nyanga ndi njira zitatu. Woimira amtunduwu, dee dee deer (Capreolus sargea), ndi m'modzi mwa agulu odziwika ku Europe. Tiyeni tiwone mwatsoka nguluwe za nyama - momwe imakhalira, kusaka, kuswana ndi zina zambiri.

Mwana wang'ombe wakhanda wobadwa kumene amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi la 45, mutu kutalika kwa 12, khutu la 7, mwendo wakutsogolo wa 30, mwendo wakunja wa 24, komanso kutalika kwa thupi pafupi ndi nape
Masentimita 11 ndipo zikuwoneka ngati zopanda ntchito panthawiyi chifukwa cholakwitsa miyendo yayitali kwambiri komanso kutalika kokwanira thupi.

Amawoneka ofiira, ndipo mbali za thupi zimakongoletsedwa ndi mizere italiitali ya mawanga oyera. Pakadutsa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndi theka, nsombayo imayamba kukula bwino, imakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi la 1-1.5 mita komanso kutalika kwake ku sentimita 75. Pakadali pano, nyama yamtunduwu imakhala yocheperako kuposa scruff.

Mutu wake ndi waufupi, khosi lake, ngati thupi lalifupi, loonda, mwa akazi motalika komanso wocheperako, mwa amuna ofupikirapo komanso akulu. Miyendo yake ndi yopyapyala, miyendo yakutsogolo ifika pa 45, miyendo yakumbuyo - masentimita 48 kutalika, yokhala ndi zingwe zazing'ono zakuthwa za mtundu wakuda wokongola.

Miyendo iyi imapangitsa kuti chinyama chizitha kuthamanga mwachangu komanso mwachangu. Mutu wa agwape amadziwika ndi makutu ophimbidwa ndi tsitsi kuchokera kunja ndi mkati, makamaka ndi maso ake akuluakulu.

Mbawala za Roe zilibe mchira wakunja. Kulemera kwa deya kwa Roe ndikosiyana kwambiri ndipo sikungotengera zaka zokha, komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi - zimatha kufika kilogalamu 30. Mbawala za Roe m'chilimwe ndizosiyana kuposa nthawi yozizira. M'nyengo yotentha, ubweya wake umachokera ku imvi kupita ku bulauni, kuzizira - bulauni.

Mbali yakumunsi ya thupi ndiyopepuka kuposa kumtunda. Chibwano, chibwano cham'munsi, malo mbali zonse za milomo yapamwamba, ndipo nthawi yozizira imakhalanso yoyera - gawo lotsiriza la chilimwe limakhala lachikasu ndipo amatchedwa "kalilole" ndi osaka aku Germany (Spiegel).

Chochititsa chidwi pagalasi ndi kusuntha kwa tsitsi lake. Nyamayo ikhoza kuyisungunula kenako nkusonkhanitsa. Galasi la nyama yolondera limakulirapo, ndipo ndizotheka kuti ana amwamuna wamphongo amapemphedwa kuti azisamala ngati awonjezera. Komabe, nyamazo zikudya msipu, galasi limagwa ndikuwoneka laling'ono.

Chifukwa chake, galasi limadziwika ndi mtundu wa nkhope womwe umawonetsa kusintha kwina kwa malingaliro, ndipo kugwedezeka kwake pafupipafupi pakudya msipu kumathandizira, pakuchotsa tizilombo toyipitsa.

Kuphatikiza pa mbuzi zakutchire zokhala ndi utoto, kusiyanasiyana mitundu kumakhalapo nthawi zina: yoyera, yakuda ndi yamoto.

Mbawala zoyera zoyera, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ziboda zoyera ndi maso ofiira motero kukhala maalubino, sizimangobadwa kuchokera kwa a albino onga iwo, komanso kuchokera kwa makolo achikuda.

Mtundu wakuda umaperekedwa kwa ana kukhala kosavuta kwambiri kuposa maalubino - pomwe agwape akuda amodzi amawoneka, patapita nthawi yochepa, ambiri amatha kuzindikira. Kubala agwape akuda sikungadzetse mavuto.

Kodi mbawala imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji - ikuwonetsa m'badwo ndi mano ndi nyanga

Roe deer amafika zaka 15-16, nthawi zina anakhalabe ndi zaka 20 kapena kupitilira. Kudziwa zaka za nyama, komabe, sizovuta, ndipo amazichita bwino ndi mano. Dongosolo lomaliza la mano limakhala ndi mano 32, omwe nthawi zina amalumikizidwa ndi awiri otchedwa zibowo, i.e. ofooka okwera otchedwa canines, omwe amakhala ofala kwambiri kwa agwape achichepere kuposa achikulire, komanso akazi nthawi zambiri kuposa amuna. Komabe, ziboko sizachilendo mu izi zomaliza.

Mafangayi akumunsi, mmalo mwake, sizichitika, monga zopangira zapamwamba. Zoyambitsa zisanu ndi zitatu nthawi zonse zimapezeka m'nsagwada yam'munsi, pomwe kuchuluka kwa nzika zimasintha ndi zaka. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mano ambiri mu mkaka nawonso ndi osiyana ndi omaliza.

Chifukwa chake, zofunikira zamkaka ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zomwe nyama imalandira pambuyo pake, ndipo yachitatu molar ya mkaka imakhala ndi timitundu itatu, pomwe yomaliza ndi iwiri yokha. Chifukwa chakuti kusintha kwa mano kumachitika pang'onopang'ono ndipo mano amasintha mosadziwika, miyezi ingapo ya moyo, njira yamano imakhala ndi mwayi wodziwa zaka za nyama, zomwe zimagwira nawo lamulo pazosaka.

Kuchokera pazomwe tafotokozazi, zikuwonekeratu kuti popeza mutu wa nguluwe yophedwa udulidwa, kutsimikiza kwa m'badwo wake kumakhala kosatheka: kukula kwa nyamayo ndi ziwalo zakepi lake zimatha kudalira mikhalidwe yake.

Palibenso mfundo zothandizira pazaka zakubadwa zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi nyanga, zomwe asaka nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito pazomwezi. Koma, zachidziwikire, kukulira kwa nyanga ndikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kutha kwa roe. Zinatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesa kuti mu mimbulu yomwe imakhazikitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa unyamata, nyanga zabwinobwino sizimakhala konse, ndipo zophuka zokhazo zokha, zotchedwa mawigi, zimawonekera.

Chimodzimodzi nyanga zomwezo zosawoneka zimawonekera mu nyama ngati ziwonetsero zake zam'mimba zawonongeka ndi kuwombera. Nthawi zonse, ngati mbuzi idatayidwa, popeza ili ndi nyanga zopangidwa kale, sinaponyere ayi. Zosadabwitsa nkomwe kuti kuchotsedwa kapena kuwonongeka kwa gawo limodzi lokhalo lachiberekero kumangotengera kuwonongeka kwa nyanga imodzi yokha, komanso, mbali inayo ya thupi.

Nyanga za Roe

Mtundu wa nyanga zatsopano ukutsimikizika patadutsa milungu inayi itatha kale, kutanthauza kuti chakumapeto kwa Januware. Nthawi zambiri, iliyonse ya nyanga za mbuzi yayikulu imaposa zitatu, ndipo zonse ziwiri, palimodzi, siziphatikiza njira zisanu ndi imodzi. Nyanga zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi nambala za 6 za mbawala zam'mimbamo zimakonda msanga ndipo zimakula kwambiri chifukwa cha nyanga zake. Mpaka nthawi ino, komabe, magawo anayi akhoza kukhazikitsidwa pakupanga nyanga.

Pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi inayi, pafupifupi mu Seputembala, fupa la kutsogolo kwa nyamayo limakhala lotseguka, ndipo mu Okutobala kapena koyambirira kwa Novembala, mafupa ofowoka amayamba kutuluka panja pamalo awiri amutu, omwe akuwoneka ndi tsitsi lakuthwa.

Chapakati pa Disembala, khungu limatuluka m'malo awa ndipo "mapaipi" kapena ma tubercles amapangidwira pansi pake, omwe amapezeka mosasunthika mkati ndikuwongolera wina ndi mzake. Amayezedwa kuchokera kufupa lakutsogolo, ali ndi kutalika kwa 15 mm ndi pafupifupi 7 mm.

Pofika mwezi wa Febere kapena Marichi chaka chamawa, ndodo zokhala ndi kutalika kwa 1-2 zimapangidwa pa iwo, m'malo opitilira mpaka masentimita 54 - kawirikawiri ndodo izi sizikhala ndi corolla - khola lomwe limakhala molunjika pansi pa coronal tubercle. Khungu limatayidwa kuchokera ku nyanga zoyambirira izi muFebruwari kapena Marichi, ndipo nyanga zake zimagwa mu Disembala chaka chimenecho.

Kupatula, komabe, zimatsalira ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale nyanga ziwiri. Gawo ili likutsatiridwa ndi lachiwiri, lodziwika kuti lipenga silikhala ndi malekezero ake komanso corolla yoona, yomwe imayimiridwa ndi iwo ndi mphete yamatumbo aku Horny. Nyanga izi zimatulutsidwa mu Disembala chaka chotsatira, i.e. nyama ikafika zaka 2,5.

Mu gawo lotsatira, la foloko, pomwe nyanga zidapeza malekezero enieni kwa nthawi yoyamba ndikukhala chida cham nkhondo, ndipo nyamayo imakula. Gawo loti "foloko" linakhala chifukwa choti nyanga zinali zodziwika bwino nthawi iyi kumapeto ndipo, motero, adapanga foloko. Gawo lotsatira, zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, kukula kwa nyanga za roe kumatha.

Nyanga zopangidwa molondola, njira yowuma, yotsalira, yopangira kutsogolo ndi kumtunda, imapanga mtanda wodziwika, ndichifukwa chake m'malo ena, ku Bavaria, nyanga zotere zimatchedwa kuti mtanda, m'malo ena okhawo omwe okhawo ali kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo komwe amakhala ngati nthawi yolimbana wina ndi mnzake.

Ndi njira yoyenera yakhazikitsira nyangazi, mbuzi imalandira nyanga zoyambirira zisanu ndi chimodzi zokhala ndi zaka zinayi. Nyanga zonse za mbuzi yayitali komanso mtunda pakati pa nsonga zake zimasinthasintha mosiyanasiyana. Yoyamba ndi pafupifupi masentimita 20, koma pali mbuzi momwe zimafikira masentimita 30.

Nyanga zazitali zimafikira, komabe, sizimakonda kuchuluka kwa chifuwa chomwe chimadziwika ndi nyanga zazifupi.

Mtunda pakati pa nsonga za nyanga ukhoza kukhala wokwanira masentimita 21, koma ungakhale wofanana ndi zero, chifukwa pali mbuzi komwe nsonga za nyanga zimalumikizana. Pafupifupi, mtunda ndi masentimita 10-12.Sizinali zotheka kutsimikizira kukhazikika pakati pa utali wonse wa nyanga ndi mtunda wa malo ake, ndipo omaliza kutalika kwake ndi ochepera kuposa apakati. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti nsonga za nyanga zimapinda mkati ndipo nyanga zotere zimafanana ndi nyanga.

Roe nyanga utoto

Mtundu wowala kapena wamdima wanyanga zimatengera chakudya ndi thanzi la nyamayo, komanso mtundu wamtengowo, pamiyendo yake yomwe nthenga zake zimayala khungu ku nyanga. Chifukwa chake, tannin yomwe ili mkati mwa khungwa la oak imawayika mumtundu wakuda kwambiri: ambiri, nyanga zakuda zimapezeka m'minda yokhazikika nthawi zambiri kuposa m'nkhalango za coniffort, chifukwa cha kupatsa nyama, makamaka nyanga zopepuka za nkhwangwa zopezeka m'nkhalango za paini kukula pamchenga wamchenga.

Nyanga zochokera kudera lomwelo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mbuzi zonse zamtchire ku Central Europe, nyanga zaimuna zachikulire zimakhala ndi corollas pafupi, nthawi zambiri zimakhudza komanso nthawi zambiri zimalepheretsa wina ndi mnzake kutukuka. Kumbali ina, kummawa, makamaka ku Siberia, ku Altai, pafupi ndi agwape, omwe, komabe, amatha kuzindikiridwa ngati subspecies yapadera, tikuwona nyanga zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi Central Europe. Ziphuphu zawo ndizocheperako, sizigwira, koma, m'malo mwake, ndizotalikirana, nthawi zambiri ndi masentimita 5, ndipo nyanga zomwe sizofooka, zimakhala ndi nyanga za agwape, zimafikira kutalika kwambiri ndipo nthambi zake ndizachidziwikire kwambiri, ngakhale kuti nyanga-zisanu ndi zitatu zimakhala zambiri.

Nyanga za Barren Roe

Nyanga zomwe zimapezeka mwangozi mu mbuzi zakutchire zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana. Akalamba kwambiri, akazi osabereka nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kukwezeka pang'ono pa chigaza m'malo omwe nyanga zimayikidwa pa amuna - nthawi zambiri izi ndizopanda tanthauzo, ngakhale atakhala pamiyala yamatumba a coronal, khungu lomwe silimagwa, koma nthawi zina amakhala mawonekedwe a nyanga zopukutidwa kwathunthu. peel.

Mbawala zazimuna za Roe zokhala ndi nyanga zofananira nthawi zambiri, sizikhala zazikazi kwenikweni, koma nyama zosabala ndi hermaphrodites, nthawi zina okalamba kwambiri omwe ali ndi ziwalo zoberekera. Komabe, kuwonongeka kwamakina pamphumi kumatha kubweretsanso kukula kwa nyanga mwa mkazi - m'modzi, mwachitsanzo, mbawala yamphongo, chidutswa chagalasi chomwe chinalowa m'malo momwe nyanga zimapangira mwaimphongo, chinapangitsa mawonekedwe a nthambi yopanda mphamvu yomwe inali yotalika masentimita 11.6. Nyanga zomwe zikukula mwa akazi, zikuoneka kuti, siziponyedwa konse.

Amatayidwa ndi amuna pafupifupi theka la Disembala, ndipo patatha miyezi inayi, kuyambira pakati pa Epulo, nyanga zatsopano zimakula bwino ndipo khungu kuchokera kwa iwo nthawi zambiri limavulidwa kale.

Kodi mbuzi yamtchire kapena agwape amakhala kuti?

Mbuzi yamtchire imagawidwa pakati 30 30 mpaka 60 ° kufesa. Shir ndi pakati pa 6 ° pulogalamu. ndi 140 ° kummawa. kutalika. Kupatula kumpoto kwa Far, zimapezeka, motero, pafupifupi ku Europe komanso ku Asia. Pakadali pano, ndizofala ku Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Belgium, Holland, England, Scotland, Hungary, Denmark, Sweden, Poland, Lithuania ndi Russia.

Ku Switzerland, mbuzi yamtchire imatsala pang'ono kufafanizika, pomwe ku Turkey ndi Greece sikofunikira. Ku North Europe ndi Central Russia, sizikupezeka konse, koma zimachitikanso ku Ukraine.

Ku Asia, imapezeka ku Caucasus, Armenia, Palestine, komanso m'malo okhala nkhalango ku Central ndi South Siberia, kufalikira kummawa mpaka pakamwa pa Amur, komanso kumwera mpaka ku Himalayas.

M'mapiri ataliatali a Central Asia, agwape ndi, koma ndizosowa. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri si nkhalango zolimba, koma nkhalango zobalidwa padera. Mbuzi yamtchire siyimakonda madera okutidwa ndi nkhalango yoyera yokha, koma malo omwe malo abwino kwambiri amatha kumera pamaluwa ambiri okhala ndi maluwa ndi udzu. Amakonda nkhalango yopanga minda ya mibadwo yosiyanasiyana, ndipo palibe yomwe mitengo yotsekedwa ya mitengo imayala pang'ono kulowa dzuwa ndikuwongoletsa zitsamba, udzu, ndi mbewu zina.

Chakudya cha Roe Deer

Mbuzi yamtchire imakonda malo obzala momwe mitengo yamitengo, zipatso, chitumbuwa cha mbalame, phulusa lamapiri, ndi zina zotero zimapezeka, sizipewa mawonekedwe apamwamba a zifuwa zamtchire ndi peyala - m'mawu akuti, amakonda mitundu ya mitengo yokhala ndi zipatso zabwino.

Zitsamba zokhala ndi nthambi zake, masamba ndi masamba zimapatsa chakudya chochuluka, chosiyanasiyana ndipo chimakhala ndi mitundu yonse yomwe imatha kukula m'derali, osapatula ma conifers athu. Ma rasipiberi, mabulosi akuda, heather, buluu ndi zitsamba zina zamtchire, pamodzi ndi udzu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, timasiyanitsa chakudya chochulukitsa kwambiri, ndikupatsanso malo abwino komanso abwino.

Kodi mbawala imalira bwanji?

Kasupe wafika mchigawochi. M'nyengo yozizira, mawu a agwape amamva nthawi zonse. Phokoso lomwe iye amapanga sizitanthauza kuti nyamayo idazindikira kena kake konyengerera, mochenjera mochenjera, ikuchenjeza abodza enanso.

Sizachilendo kuti mwana wamwamuna m'deralo azitcha mbuzi ina yomwe imapezeka pamalo ake ndi mawu amodzimodzi. Koma poyambilira izi phokoso ndi lalitali, lachiwirilo phokoso ndi lalifupi, lakuthwa komanso lachilendo.

Pakumva chenjezo lokokedwa, mbuzi zamtchire nthawi yomweyo zimakweza mitu yawo ndikukhala tcheru - kumbali ina, iwo samalabadira kuyitanira kunkhondo ndikusiyira omenyera ufuluwo. Mphamvu ya mbuzi yofuula siyingasiyanitsidwe ndi yaikazi, koma mosavuta ndi momwe yamphongo imalengeza.

Roe nswala

Estrus imayamba kale mu Juni ndipo, zikuwoneka, ngakhale pa agwape ena a chaka chimodzi - nthawi zina zimachitika kuwona mbuzi ikuthamangitsa agwape, ndipo imapereka kufuula kwamantha kangapo mzere. Pakatha sabata, mbuzi zamphongo zimayamba kutentha kwambiri ndipo zazikazi sizitha kudziteteza mokwanira, makamaka chifukwa zamphongo zimagwira ntchito, ngati nkofunikira, nyonga: zazikazi zambiri zimafa chifukwa cha kuwomba kwa nyanga zake.

Nthawi zambiri wamkazi samagonjera chikondi chaimuna ndipo nthawi zambiri amayamba kumuzungulira kwa nthawi yayitali. M'malo otsika, estrus akuchulukirachulukira kumapeto kwa Julayi, komanso m'maiko ampiri ataliatali - sabata limodzi. Komabe, imachedwetsedwa mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti.

Mbuzi ikathamangitsa wamkazi imachita phokoso lokhazikika, imafikira bwenzi lake mokakamira komanso motsimikiza, osaphonya chandama chake ngakhale mphindi imodzi ndipo imakutira mkaziyo, ikangoyima. Kenako amayamba kutopa ndikugona pansi, nthawi zambiri wamkazi amakhala pokodza. Nthawi zambiri, wamwamuna m'modzi amakhala akazi awiri kapena atatu, koma pomwe ochepa ake, amakhala wokhutira ndi m'modzi.

Nthawi ya estrus, ndipo nthawi zambiri ikakhwima, dzira limachoka m'mimba ndikulowa mu oviduct, pomwe imakumana ndi njere ndikuthira manyowa. Pakapita kanthawi, masiku ambiri, chimatha kudutsa dzira ndikulowa muchiberekero, ndikusunga kukula kwake.

Zikhalabe pano kwa miyezi inayi ndi theka, motero, mpaka theka lachiwiri la Disembala, komanso popanda chitukuko. Chifukwa cha izi, kuziwona apa ndizosavuta, makamaka popeza chiberekero sichikusintha nthawi ino. Ngakhale katswiri amatha kungopeza zovuta.

Koma kuyambira pakati pa Disembala, dzira limayamba kukula mwadzidzidzi, komanso, mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti ziwalo zake zonse ndi ziwalo zonse za mluza zimapangidwa mkati mwa masiku 21-25 kotero kuti zimangokulitsa kukula. Mimba imatenga milungu makumi anayi - m'mwezi wa Meyi, ana amphongo amtundu wina m'malo obisika m'nkhalangoyi ndi ana amodzi kapena awiri omwe amatha kutsatira amayi awo maola ochepa.

Nthawi zina pamakhala ana a ng'ombe atatu, koma anayi ndi osowa kwambiri. Panthawi ya estrus, ana a ng'ombe amatsalira pambuyo pa mayi, kumapeto kwake amakumananso naye.

Pang'onopang'ono, mbuzi zachaka chimodzi zimadziphatika nawo, kuti pofika Seputembu banja lonse lizisonkhana. Pakutha kwa mwezi uno, mabanja angapo amaphatikiza ng'ombe imodzi, pomwe, sikuti imakhala ndi zolinga zopitilira 8-10. Tsopano kusungunuka kumayambiranso, komwe kumapita patsogolo kuyang'ana mwachangu kapena mwakachetechete nyengo - mkati mwa Okutobala kwakhala kovuta kukumana ndi khwangwala wovala zovala zofiirira.

Pafupifupi nthawi iyi, amuna ena amphamvu amayamba kutaya nyanga zawo, pomwe ambiri amangowataya mu Novembala. M'malo ena komanso zaka zodziwika bwino za mbuzi zakale zomwe zili ndi nyanga zolimba pamitu yawo zimapezeka mu Disembala, ngakhale mu Januwale.

Essay kutengera ndi buku loti "nyama zaku Europe".