Apaulendo oyenda aku Europe, kwa nthawi yoyamba kuwona mbalame zokongola zikuuluka m'mwamba ngati mbalame zazitali zazitali kutalika kwa mapiri a Andes, adadabwa kwambiri. Inde, kutalika kotereku, moyo ndi wosatheka. Komabe, mu 1553, azungu adafotokoza koyamba za chilengedwe chodabwitsachi, chomwe moyenerera amachiwona ngati wolamulira mapiri.
Condor (mbalame): malongosoledwe
Condor, monga tafotokozera kale, ndiye mbalame yayikulu kwambiri yowuluka. Ngati titenga kukula kwa thupilo, ndiye kuti kondomu yaku California imaposa Andean pafupifupi 5 cm, koma ngati mapiko, ndiye kuti Andean wokongola alibe ofanana (280-320 cm), amatsogolera bwino pakati pa abale ake. Kulemera, imaposa onse oimira banja lanyama. Condor ndi mbalame yolemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 15 (amuna). Akazi ndi opepuka pang'ono, kulemera kwawo sikupitirira 12 kg. Kutalika kwa mbalame zakuthengo kuli pafupifupi 120-140 cm, zimaganiziridwa kuti kuthengo zimphona izi zimafikira zazikulu.
Mtundu wa nthenga umakhala wakuda kwathunthu, kolala yofiyira kuzungulira khosi komanso malire kumtunda kwa nthenga zapamwamba za utoto woyera. Nthenga izi zimawonekera kwambiri mwaimuna, zimawonekera pambuyo pa molt woyamba. Ma condors ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi utoto wonenepa.
Mutu ndi mmero wa condor zilibe pafupifupi maula, khungu m'malo awa ndi wotumbululuka wa pinki kapena wofiirira. Amuna, amuna ambiri amakhala ndi mutu wakuda bii pamutu. Chifukwa cha khungu lokwinya kwambiri, mawonekedwe a "ndolo" pakhosi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, momwe mbalame zimasinthira, mtundu wa khosi ndi mutu umasintha, umasanduka ofiira kapena wachikasu.
Mlomo wa condor ndi wowoneka ngati mbowo, wopindika kumapeto kwake, ndi wakuda bii ndi utoto wachikasu. Kutalika ndi mphamvu ya mulomo zimathandiza kuti mbalameyo izang'amba nyama yake. Maso okongola a m'mapiri alibe eyelashes; Amuna amakhala otuwa, mwa akazi amakhala ofiira ndi makangaza.
Miyendo ya zimphona za Andean imvi. Chala chapakati chimakulitsidwa mowonekera, chala chakumbuyo chimakhala pamwamba pa zina ndipo ndizochepa kukula. Zovala zimakhala zowongoka osati zakuthwa kwambiri. Kutengera malongosoledwe awa, zikuwonekeratu kuti woperekeza sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake ngati chida, komanso sangathe kulanda ndi kukweza mlengalenga. Izi zimasiyanitsa ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama.
Habitat
Condor ndi mbalame yomwe imakhala m'mphepete mwa Pacific ku South America, kuphatikiza Andes. Dera lakumwera la mtunduwu lili ku Tierra del Fuego, ndi kumpoto - mdera la Colombia ndi Venezuela. Mutha kukumana ndi mbalame zokongola izi kumtunda kumapiri ndi kumapiri, kumapiri. Malo okhala zidyamakanda zokhala ndi mbewe ndi zokulirapo, koma, ngakhale izi, kondomu ikuyandikira, mitundu yodabwitsa iyi ili pafupi kutha.
Moyo
Khondakitala limakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 50, motero zimatha kutchedwa kuti zolimbitsa ndege zazitali. Amuna ndi akazi, atapanga banja, amakhala okhulupilika kwa wina ndi mzake kwa moyo wake wonse. M'magulu akulu am'makomo, mbalame zachikulire zimatsogolera zazing'ono, ndipo zazimuna zazikazi zimayang'anira zazikazi.
Zimphona izi zimakonda kukonzera zisa zawo pamalo okwera mikono 4-5,000 kuchokera pamwamba pa nyanja, m'malo akutali. Ngakhale iyi si chisa, imangokhala zinyalala zopangidwa ndi nthambi. Kutengera ndi mtunda, mazira nthawi zina amaikidwa kwathunthu osagona, m'ming'alu pakati pa mabwalawo pathanthwe.
Nthawi zambiri, makondwerero okhala m'malo ochepa okhala m'mphepete mwa gombe, pafupi ndi gombe nthawi zonse amapatsidwa chakudya. Kudyetsa ziweto kumathandizanso kuti muzitha kuona. Zimphona izi zimatha kudya popanda masiku ambiri, koma akatha kudya izi amadya ma kilogalamu angapo a nyama pachakudya chimodzi. Popeza adadzipezera yekha chakudya, woyeserera sangathe kusamutsa kunyumba yake. Chifukwa chake mbalame imakhala ndi njira imodzi yokha yolumikizira malowo nthawi yomweyo, kenako ndi mimba yonse kuti ibwerere ku chisa chake.
Pamene chilengedwe chokongola chonchi chikuuluka mlengalenga, sizingatheke kuti muchotse maso, kuthawa kwake ndi kokongola kwambiri. Mbale ukafika msambo, nthawi zambiri imawomba mapiko ake. Mphamvu yam'mlengalenga imathandizira kuuluka, pomwe mphamvu yake imapulumutsidwa. Andean wokongola manja amakonda kumasuka, atakhala pathanthwe, pamalo okwera kwambiri. Ndikosavuta kwa iye kuti alumphe ndikuuluka kuchokera kumtunda wotere; ndizovuta kwambiri kuti kondomu yolemera ichoke pansi, makamaka chakudya chamasana. Kuti muchite izi, conductor amayenera kuthamanga kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.
Kodi chimadya chiyani?
Condor ndi mbalame yomwe imadya kwambiri zovunda. Kuphatikiza pa mitembo ya nyama zakufa, nyama zolusa zimadyanso mazira ndi anapiye, zomwe zimawononga zisa za mbalame zachikoloni. Kuti adzipetse chakudya, zimphona za Andean zimatha kuwuluka mpaka 200 km tsiku limodzi.
Kuswana
Condor (mbalame) imakula msanga pofika zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Kuti muwone kuti wamphongo wayamba kusamalira mkazi ndikosavuta: nthawi yakubala, khungu limatupa pamutu pake, pomwe utoto wake umasintha kuchoka ku pinki kupita ku chikasu cholemera. Pamaso pa wokondedwa wake, njondayo imatambasulira pachifuwa chake ndi zonena zake, kenako imatambasula mapiko ake akuluakulu ndikuyimilira, ikuwomba lilime. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri zilizonse, kumapeto kwa dzinja ndi kuyamba kwa masika.
Yaikazi nthawi zambiri imayikira dzira limodzi, nthawi zina ziwiri, makulidwe amapezeka mkati mwa masiku 55-60, pomwe makolo onse amatenga nawo mbali. Chingwe chotulutsa mazira, "chovalidwa" chofewa chakuda, chimasintha zovala zawo pokhakhala kukula kwa makolo awo. Amayi ndi abambo onse amabwera ndi chakudya kwa ana, iwo amapaka chakudya chokhazikika m'milomo kuti akhale mulomo. Maulendo apamwamba ang'onoang'ono amatha kupanga ndege zoyambira ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma amakhala ndi makolo awo pafupifupi zaka ziwiri mpaka wamkazi atakonzeka kuyimitsa pang'ono.
Choyimira pafupi pafupi kutha
Andean condor - mbalame yomwe ili pafupi kutha. Chiwerengero cha zolengedwa zazikulu komanso zamphamvuzi zikuyenda mosasintha. Kusakhazikika kotere kumadetsa nkhawa, chifukwa nthawi iliyonse dziko lingataye wolamulira wokongola wamapiri.
Anthu akuyesera kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa maoror, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kutero. Kuberekedwa mu ukapolo, anapiyewo amakhala otupa msanga, chifukwa chake akatswiri azamankhwala amayesa kulumikizana nawo pang'ono, kotero kuti posachedwa mbalame zazing'ono zizolowere kudzipembedza komanso kudziyimira pawokha. Asanatulutsire ziweto zawo, asayansi amaika zomverera zomwe zikuwonetsa komwe konderyo ilili pakadali pano.
Condor (mbalame): zithunzi, zochititsa chidwi
Kwa anthu a Andes, ma condor ndi chizindikiro cha thanzi ndi nyonga. Malinga ndi chikhulupiriro chakale, mafupa a chimphona ichi, monga ziwalo zake zina, ali ndi mphamvu zochiritsa. Chifukwa cha izi, anthu anapha mbalame mosaganizira, osaganizira zotsatira zake.
M'mafuko a amwenye, Andean condor (mbalame) amalumikizidwa ndi mulungu wa dzuwa, Amwenye amamuwona ngati wolamulira wa dziko lakumwamba. Zoposa zaka 2,5 zapitazo BC panali zojambula kale zosonyeza chimphona ichi.
ZONSE ZABWINO
Madzi akakwera m'mwamba ndikuwuluka m'mlengalenga, amawunika padziko lapansi. Zakudya zimafunafuna zovunda, popeza nyama zakufa ndizo chakudya chawo chachikulu. Kunja, makondwerero amaoneka ngati ming'alu. Iwo, monga miimba yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zakudya, idagwa. Palibe kufanana kulikonse pakati pa mbalamezi. Kafukufuku watsopano adawonetsa kuti ma condors ndi abale apamtima a adokowe. Iwo, ngati agulu, ali ndi mphuno zotseguka, zomwe sizigawika, ngati mbalame zina zodyera, ndi septum yayitali. Monga mbawala, zimayenda bwino pozungunula miyendo yawo ndi ndowe. Tsiku lililonse, pofunafuna chakudya, makondedwe amauluka makilomita mazana ambiri. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi maso owoneka bwino kwambiri, chifukwa kuyambira kutalika kwambiri imatha kuwona gulu la guanacos kapena mapira kuti muwone nyama zomwe zaphedwa ndi chakudya champhongo kapena chinyama china nthawi. Kuwona nyama yakufa, makondayo nthawi yomweyo imagwera pansi, ndipo makondedwe ena amatsatira nthawi yomweyo, omwe chidwi chake chimayamba kuuluka mofulumira kwambiri. Kaloti zingapo nthawi zambiri amasonkhana pa zovunda imodzi.
LIFESTYLE
Condor amakhala m'malo okwera. Amasankha malo opumulira komanso malo okhala miyala yamiyala yosavomerezeka, yomwe imakweza mamita mazana angapo pansi. Zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi Condor bwino kwambiri pamakhalidwe otere. Mapiko a Andean condor amafikira pafupifupi 3 m, kutanthauza kuti mapiko a mapiko ake amangocheperako pang'ono kuposa a albatross, omwe mapiko ake ali ndi mbali yayikulu kwambiri yokuthandizira. Pakuuluka, ma conductor amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde ofunda, kotero ikakwera mumlengalenga, imatha kuwuluka ndikuzungulira kwa maola ambiri osachita khama. Mbalame ikafuna kusintha komwe ikulowera, imachita izi mothandizidwa ndi nthenga za mzere woyamba. Kutsegula ndi kufinya nthenga zantchentche yoyamba, mbalameyo imadutsa m'mitsinje mlengalenga ndipo chifukwa cha njirayi. Kondwereroyi idawonedwa pamtunda wamamita 5000 pamwamba pa nyanja, koma nthawi zambiri mbalameyo imasungidwa pamalo okwera mpaka mikono 3,000. Wotsogolera akafuna kugwa pansi, amatambasulira miyendo yake kutsogolo.
Kufalitsa
Condor ndi mbalame yakhala nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zaka 50. Monga nyama zina zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wotchuka motere komanso zimakhala ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe, kuthekera kubereka mosakhazikika. Mbalame yaing'ono imafika pa kutha msinkhu pokhapokha ngati ili ndi zaka 6-7 ndipo pamsinkhu uwu imayamba kufunafuna bwenzi yomwe ikhalabe ndi moyo. Mbalamezi zimangokhala kamodzi kamodzi zaka ziwiri kapena zochepa. Nthawi iliyonse, mbalame zoyamwitsa zimayambira pamwambo wachidule kwambiri. Othandizirawo amayendayenda m'miyamba limodzi ndikupanga phokoso lalikulu ndikuwomba. Mbalame zimawombera m'mwamba ndikugwirana wina ndi mapiko, kenako m'modzi mwa omwe amagwirizana nawo amatsikira pamiyala. Akakhwima, wamkazi amayikira dzira limodzi. Mbalameyi imayiyika mu chisa chosavuta - dzenje lomwe limayikidwa ndi udzu, lomwe limapezeka pathanthwe. Makolo amatenga dzira limodzi. Pakatha masabata 7 mpaka 9, anapiye amawaswa, okutidwa ndi wandiweyani. Izi zimawonekeranso patatha zaka zochepa pamutu ndi khosi la mbalameyo. Makolo amadyetsa anapiye limodzi kwa chaka chimodzi, koma mwana wakhandayo wazaka 6 amakhala wopanda mapiko.
MALANGIZO OGULITSIRA. ZOTHANDIZA. KULAMBIRA
Condor anali atapangidwira nthenga zokongola, komanso nyama zowira. Mbalame zambiri zimafa chifukwa cha zipolopolo za abusa omwe amadana ndi mbalame zodyedwa. California Condor sipezekanso m'chilengedwe. Mbalame zitatu zomaliza zidagwidwa ndi asayansi kuti apulumutse mitunduyi kumalo osungira nyama. Tsopano mu ukapolo muli mbalame pafupifupi 30.
Mbalame zazikulu kwambiri zodya nyama Padziko lapansi. Amakhala kumadera akumapiri kumadzulo kwa America. Mapiko a condor ndi pafupifupi 3 m, kulemera kwa 9-12 kg. Mapiko akuluakulu ndi oyenereradi kuthawa, mbalame zimatha kuwuluka kwa maola ambiri pamwamba pa mapiri, kugwirira nyama. Pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi ya chakudya amadya patsiku. Amadyapo zovunda. Zingwe zimakonzedwa pamiyala. Dzira limodzi limayikidwa mchaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Nkhuku ndizanyazi kwambiri ndipo sizikhala bwino.
DZIWANI IZI:
- Chakudya chomwe Condor amakonda amakonda ndi guanaco. Kutalika kwa guanaco kufota kuli pafupifupi mita. Ma kondomu samadyera ma guanacos, amangoyang'ana nyama zakufa.
- Condor alibe fungo labwino kwambiri. Zotsatira zamaphunzirowa, zinatsimikiziridwa kuti mbalameyo imatha kununkhira carrion ndi kununkhira (panthawi ya kafukufukuyo, kondakitala anayandikira koyamba kunyongedwa, ndipo kenaka kwa nyama yakufa yomwe inakutidwa ndi chinsalu).
NTHAWI YA CONDOR
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi a conductor ndi kukula kwa mbalame. Chachikazi chimakhala chocheperako kuposa chachimuna. Malengo achikazi, m'malo mwake, ndiakulu kuposa amuna.
Nest: wamkazi nthawi zambiri amasankha malo oti aderetse pathanthwe lalitali, losakanika ndi kuyikira dzira pachisa chophweka. Mwana wankhuku amaphimbidwa.
Mchira: lonse. Condor imagwiritsa ntchito kuthawa ngati mkondo.
- Khola la Condor
PAMENE AMAKHALA
Condor amapezeka makamaka kum'mawa kwa Andes ku South America kupita ku Tierra del Fuego.
KUTETEZA NDI KUPULUMUTSA
Mtunduwu watsala pang'ono kutha. Munthu amafafaniza nyama zomwe zimasaka (guanaco ndi alpaca). Nthawi zina amakhalanso ndi malo osungira nyama.
Andean Condor. Kanema (00:00:50)
Andean Condor (lat. Vultur gryphus) - mbalame yochokera ku banja la amisi aku America, woimira yekhayo wa monotypic genus Condor (Vultur). Kugawidwa ku Andes komanso kugombe la Pacific ku South America. Imayesedwa ngati mbalame yayikulu kwambiri kuuluka ku Western Hemisphere. Andean Condor ndi mbalame yayikulu yokhala ndi maonekedwe akuda bii, kolala ya nthenga zoyera kuzungulira khosi lake komanso malezala oyera oyera pamapiko ake, makamaka otchulidwa amuna. Nthenga sizikupezeka pamutu komanso m'khosi kwambiri, ndipo madera a khungu lopanda malowa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi utoto kuchokera ku pinki kupita pamtundu wofiirira, ngakhale amatha kusintha mtundu wawo kutengera mkhalidwe wamtokowo. Amuna a Condor amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa "ma catkin" pakhosi komanso kukula kwakukuru kwakuda, kapena kukula kwa minofu pamphepete. Amuna ndi okulirapo poyerekeza ndi zazikazi, zomwe mwachilengedwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri pakati pa mbalame zodya nyama. The condor amadya makamaka zovunda.
Maonekedwe a mbalame Condor
Andean Condor ndi lalifupi masentimita 7 kuposa woimira aku California, koma ali ndi mapiko akuluakulu, ndi 270-320 centimeter.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi mbalame ndi "kolala" yoyera.
Akazi amalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 8-11, amuna amalemera zowonjezereka - 11-15 kilogalamu. Kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 130 cm.
Kukula kwa mchira ndi masentimita 35-38. Matumba amtali ndi masentimita 11-13. Mapikowo ndiotalika masentimita 80-90. Mlomo wawukulu wamtundu wopepuka uli ndi mawonekedwe owumbika.
Maonekedwe a mutu amayang'ambika pang'ono. Palibe nthenga pamutu, koma amuna amakhala ndi chotupa chachikulu. Khosi lilibe kanthu ndipo makutu ake amawonekera kwambiri. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda kwambiri. Pansi pa khosi panaumbidwa ndi nthenga zoyera zomwe zimawoneka ngati kolala. Mapiko ali pamwambapo atakutidwa ndi nthenga zoyera zazitali.
Kukula kwachinyamata kumakhala ndi maonekedwe opepuka a bulauni. Makosi awo ndi mutu wawo ndi wakuda kuposa mbalame zazikulu. Ndipo kolala pakhosi si yoyera, koma ya bulauni.
Khalidwe la Condor mwachilengedwe ndi zakudya zawo
Mbalamezi zimatha kuwuluka kwa maola ambiri m'mlengalenga, pafupifupi popanda phokoso limodzi. Njira yodziwonera ngati imeneyi imatheka chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafunde pamagetsi. Kuuluka kwamtundu wamtunduwu kumapangitsa ma conductors kuti apulumutse mphamvu. Mbalame zimapuma pamiyala yayitali, pomwe zimavuta kuchokerako. Mbalamezi zimachotsedwa pansi movutikira, zimayenera kubalalika.
Ma conductors amakhala m'magulu a amuna, akazi ndi achinyamata. Mabanja ali ndi utsogoleri wokhazikika.
Kuuluka kwa kondomu.
Mbalamezi zimadya kaloti, zimakonda ma artiodactyl. Mbalamezi zimapezeka pagombe. M'mphepete mwa nyanja, mafunde am'madzi amadya mitembo ya nsomba ndi nyama za m'madzi zomwe zimatsukidwa. Mbalamezi zimakonda madzi am'mbali mwa nyanja chifukwa zimakhala ndi chakudya chochuluka.
Mbalame izi sizimangodya zakudya zanyama zokha, zimadyanso anapiye ndi mazira a mbalame zina.
Ma Condorle akufunafuna nyama kuchokera kumlengalenga. Nthawi zambiri tsatirani mbalame zina zomwe zimadyanso zovalazo. Nthawi zonse amadya chakudya m'malo mwake, sangathe kuyimilira. Popanda chakudya, ma condors amatha kukhala masiku angapo. Koma nthawi imodzi amatha kudya nyama yambiri, kwambiri kotero kuti amayamba movutikira.
Mawonekedwe a Condor ndi malo okhala
Andes ndi Cordillera, kutalika konse kwa dera lalikulu la South America kuli ndi Andean condor. California Condor si malo otseguka kwambiri. Dera lomwe limakhalapo limapezeka kumapiri pang'ono ku California.
Chithunzicho, mbalame yaku California
Ndipo mtundu wina ndi wamtundu wa mbalame zokongola zamtunduwu umakonda kukhala m'mapiri atali, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 5000 metres, komwe kumakhala miyala ndi mitengo yayitali yokha. Amakhala moyo wongokhala.
Koma kwa mbalame zazikulu zotere, madera akuluakulu amafunikanso, motero sakhala anthu ambiri. Amatha kupezeka osati kumapiri atali okha, komanso kumapiri ndi kumapiri.
Khalidwe la mbalame ya Condor ndi Moyo
Ma conductors amakhala okha mpaka kutha. Akangolowa gawo ili amapeza mabanja awo ndikupitiliza kukhala nawo mpaka masiku awo atatha. Nthawi zambiri zimavomerezedwa m'magulu akulu am'madzi momwe mbalame zokalamba zimawuluka zazing'ono.
Condor wamwamuna kumanzere ndi wamkazi
Ndipo awiriawiri wamwamuna amalamulira zazikazi. Nthawi yayitali kwambiri pamoyo wawo amayenda pandege. Mbalamezi zimalemera kwambiri kuti mpweya uzimva mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amakhala kumapiri, motero zinali zosavuta kuchokerapo. Khondakitala imatha kumera pansi kokha ndikangoyendetsa bwino, zomwe sizovuta kwa iye chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa thupi lake komanso kukula kwake.
Amakonda kukwera m'mwamba m'mapiko otambasulidwa mmalo mowuluka nawo pafupipafupi kuwuluka. Amatha kuwuluka kwa nthawi yayitali midair, kwinaku akujambula mabwalo akulu.
Ndizosangalatsa kwa aliyense momwe mbalame yayikuluyi imangokhala mlengalenga kwa theka la ola, osatulutsa mapiko ake. Ngakhale mawonekedwe ake ovuta, ma condors ndi mbalame zamtendere komanso zodekha.
Samathamangitsa abale awo kapena kuwatsutsa ndipo samawatsutsa mwankhanza. Makondomu amakonda kukonda kuwona zomwe amachita kuchokera kumbali. Amamanga zisa pamalo okwera kwambiri pamalo osavomerezeka. Izi sizofanana ndendende. Kwambiri, mawonekedwewa amafanana ndi zinyalala wamba zopangidwa kuchokera ku nthambi.
Chakudya cha mbalame za Condor
Osanyalanyaza mbalamezi zovunda. Amamuyang'anira kuchokera kutalika kwambiri ndikutsika chakudya. Amadyetsa zotsalira za guanaco, agwape ndi nyama zina zazikulu. Nthawi zambiri umunthu woterewu ungagwire, choncho nthawi zonse amayesetsa kupeza tsogolo.
Mbalame yomwe imadya mopepuka imatha kuchoka kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha kuuma kwake. Njala siyabwino kwenikweni kwa ma condor. Popanda chakudya, amatha kuwuluka mlengalenga kwa masiku angapo osasiya ntchito. Nthawi zina kumakhala kovuta kuti woperekera zakudya azipeza yekha chakudya.
Kuukira kwa Condor pa nkhandwe
Kenako amayamba kukulitsa gawo lawo la masomphenya. Atafika pagombe, atha kunyamula zotsalira za nyama zam'madzi kapena kumaliza kachilombo kakang'ono komwe kali ndi matenda. Amatha kuyika chisa mu mbalame ya atsamunda, kuiwononga ndikudya mazira onse. Amathandizanso kupeza chakudya chowoneka bwino.
Kupatula kuti amawona malo pofunafuna chakudya, ndi masomphenya ake apambuyo, woyeserera amatsatira kwambiri mbalame zomwe zimakhala pafupi naye. Mwa ena a iwo, mphamvu yafungo imakulitsidwa kotero kuti amatenga kununkhira kwakukayikira kwa kuyamba kuwola kwa nyama yomwe ingagwere.
Kenako mbalamezo zimayamba kugwira ntchito limodzi, chifukwa ndikosavuta kwa iye wopititsa patsogolo kugwirira nyama, chifukwa champhamvu ndi mphamvu zake. Makondomu amatenga gawo lalikulu potola zovunda. Pali chiopsezo chochepa chofalitsa matenda opatsirana.
Ara parrot
Dzina lachi Latin: | Vultur |
Chizungu: | Ikufotokozedwa |
Ufumu: | Nyama |
Mtundu: | Chordate |
Gulu: | Mbalame |
Kufikira: | Zosakhala ngati zakuba |
Banja: | Amiseche aku America |
Chifundo: | Zikondwerero |
Kutalika kwa thupi: | 117-135 cm |
Kutalika kwa mapiko: | Ikufotokozedwa |
Wingspan: | 275-310 cm |
Kulemera: | 7500-15000 g |
Kuphatikiza pa Andean condor, mtundu wosowa kwambiri umadziwika - condor California, yomwe ndiyocheperako. Mbalameyi idatsala pang'ono kuzimiririka m'zaka za zana la 20, koma, kuyambira 1980s, pulogalamu yakhazikitsidwa kuti ibwezeretse mtunduwu ku San Diego Zoo.
Mapaamu ndi mtundu
Zowonjezera za conductor ndizosiyanitsa komanso zowonekera. Pafupifupi mtundu wonse wa mbalameyo ndi wakuda, kupatula khola loyera loyera kuzungulira khosi ndi malire oyera oyera pamapiko, omwe amatchulidwa kwambiri amuna. Mutu ndi mmero wa condor sizikhala ndi khungu, khungu lomwe limapezeka m'malo awa ndi ofiira a pinki kapena ofiira, ofiirira nthawi zina. Mbalame ikasangalala, madera achikopa amenewa amasintha mtundu wake kukhala wachikasu kapena wofiyira, womwe ndi chizindikiro chochenjeza anthu ena. Kudzisamalira, mbalamezo zimayeretsa mitu yawo mosamala kuti nthenga zizikhala.
Mutu wa kondomu umakutidwa pang'ono kuchokera kumwamba. Amuna amakongoletsedwa ndi minofu yayikulu yakuda bii, khungu lomwe limakhala m'khosi limakwinyika ndikupanga otchedwa "ma Cat". Mlomo ndi wautali, wolimba, wopindika kumapeto, wakuda ndi mutu wachikaso. Utawaleza waimuna ndi wonyezimira, ndipo wa akazi ndi wofiyira.
Zambiri mwa mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala zofiirira ngati utoto, pafupifupi wakuda, khungu kumutu ndi khosi, komanso kolala yofiirira.
Masamba ndi amtundu wakuda bii, zibwano zowongoka, osati zowongoka.
Komwe kumakhala
Andean condor amakhala kumapiri a Andes, mapiri omwe ali kumadzulo kwa South America. Dera lakumpoto la masambawo limafika ku Venezuela ndi Colombia, koma m'malo awa mbalame ndizosowa. Kummwera, Condor amakhala ku Ecuador, Pere, Chile, Bolivia, komanso ku Western Argentina mpaka Tierra del Fuego.
Kumpoto kwa mzere, ma condors amakhala m'malo apamwamba a mapiri, pamtunda kuchokera 3000 mpaka 5000 m pamwamba pa nyanja, kumwera nthawi zambiri amatsikira kumapiri ndi kumapiri.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, ma condor anali ochulukirapo, koma posachedwapa kuchuluka kwawo kwachepa kwambiri.
California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus)
Mapiko a coror California amakhala mpaka mamita atatu. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika pa 125 cm, kulemera sikupitirira 14 kg. Mafutawa ndi akuda ndi nthenga zoyera pamimba, pakhosi la mbalameyo pali kolala yakuda yokhala ndi nthenga zakuthwa zomwe zimatuluka mbali zosiyanasiyana. Mlomo ndi waufupi, wamphamvu.
Mitunduyi ndiyosowa kwambiri, imapezeka kumapiri a California, Arizona, Utah ndi Mexico. M'mbuyomu, ma condor aku California amakhala kudera lonse la North America. Koma kuthawa kwawo kwa mbalameyo kunakopa chidwi cha osaka, chifukwa chomwe chinali pafupi kuti ziwonongeke. Mu 1987, womaliza wokhala kuthengo adagwidwa, ndipo mbalame zonse panthawiyo zidafika 27. Mwamwayi, ma condors amabala bwino mu ukapolo, ndipo kale mu 1992 mbalame zinayamba kumasulidwa.
Amuna ndi akazi: kusiyana kwakukulu
Condor sex dimorphism imawonetsedwa makamaka mu kukula kwa mbalame. Kulemera kwa amuna ndi 11-15 makilogalamu, mwa akazi ndi kuyambira 7.5 mpaka 11 kg. Kuphatikiza apo, anyamatawa amakhala ndi khungu lalitali kwambiri pamutu pawo, ndipo khungu pakakhosi pawo limakwinya ndikupanga "ma cookie". Pa mapiko akuda a condor yamphongo, mikwaso yoyera pamphepete imakhalanso yowala.
Zosangalatsa
- Condor imatha kukhala yopanda chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali, kenako idya mpaka 3 kg ya nyama nthawi yomweyo, pambuyo pake imatha kuwuluka.
- Poyang'ana chakudya pansi, ma condor amakwera m'mwamba mpaka maola atatu, pomwe sikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti mapiko awombane.
- Andean condors amakhala ndi chizolowezi chodziyimira kumapazi awo, mkodzo womwe umalowa pakhungu limatuluka ndipo thupi limazizira motere. Chifukwa chake, ma paws a conductor nthawi zambiri amaphimbidwa ndi mitsempha yoyera ya uric acid.
- Andean Condor ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za Andes, komanso chizindikiro cha dziko la Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia ndi Ecuador. Mbalameyi imawonetsedwa m'manja mwa Chile, Bolivia, Colombia ndi Ecuador. Condor amachita gawo lofunikira mu chikhalidwe cha Andes. Zojambula za mphanga za mbalamezi zidawoneka zaka 2,500 BC. Mu nthano za mafuko aku India, Andean condor adalumikizidwa ndi mulungu wa dzuwa ndipo amadziwika kuti ndiye wolamulira wa kumtunda. Kuphatikiza apo, ma condor anali chizindikiro cha nyonga ndi thanzi, amwenye amakhulupirira kuti mafupa ndi ziwalo zamkati mwa mbalame zimatha kuchita machiritso. Chikhulupiriro choterechi chinapangitsa kuti mbalame zizithamangitsidwa.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Mbalame zamtchire izi ndi za banja la ming'alu ndipo ndi anthu okhala ku America. Miyeso ya Condor chochititsa chidwi, chifukwa cha nthumwi zafuko lomwe liri ndi mbeuyo, zolengedwa izi ndi zina mwa zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi komanso nthumwi zazikulu kwambiri zowuluka padziko lapansi za Western Hemisphere.
Amatha kupitirira mita yoposa, pomwe akulemera mpaka 15 kg. Ngati muwonjezera mulomo wamphamvu wachitsulo mu mawonekedwe a mbedza pakuwonekera kwanu, thupi lanu lolimba ndi miyendo yolimba, mawonekedwewo adzakhala osangalatsa.
Mbalame ya Condor
Koma mbalameyi ikuuluka imachita chidwi kwambiri. Condor Wingspan ndi pafupifupi 3 m, nthawi zina kuposa zina. Ndipo kotero amawoneka mlengalenga pamene akuwuluka mlengalenga, akuwafalitsa, modabwitsa kwambiri.
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti Amwenye kuyambira kale ankalambira mbalameyi, ndikupanga nthano kuti mulungu wa dzuwa yekha amatumiza zolengedwa padziko lapansi. Ndipo zimawuluka kuzungulira madera, zikuwona zomwe zikuchitika mdziko lapansi. Amithenga amayang'anira miyoyo ya anthu kuti afotokozere zonse kwa wolamulira wawo wamphamvu zakumwamba.
Zojambula za mapanga zomwe zidapezeka, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mafumu adziko lapansi, zidapangidwa zaka masauzande angapo asanafike ku Europe. Izi zikutsimikizira kuti mbalame zoterezi zakhala zikuganiza za anthu kuyambira nthawi zakale.
Nzika zaku America zidalemba nthano zoyipa zokhudzana ndi mbalame zamapiko izi. Nkhani zofananazi zidafotokozedwa kuti zidyamakanda zimati zimanyamula ana ang'ono ndipo ngakhale kudula achikulire pachibowo kuti zidyetse anapiye awo. Komabe, ngati chinthu ngati ichi chinachitikadi, sichabwino, chifukwa nthumwi zaufumu wokhala ndi kasozi sizodziwika konse chifukwa chankhanza kwa anthu.
Mapiko a Span California Condor
Chitukuko cha zaka zana zaposachedwa chathandizira kwambiri zolengedwa zokongola izi kuchokera kumadera omwe akhala. Masiku ano, mwatsoka, ma condors ndi osowa ndipo amangopezeka m'malo apamwamba a hotelo ku America.
Madera ngati awa akuphatikizapo madera ena a Venezuela ndi Colombia, komanso Tierra del Fuego. Ku North America, nyengo izi za nyama zimapezekabe, koma ndizochepa kwambiri.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi mawonekedwe a mbalamezi ndi khosi lofiira. Izi ndizapadera kwambiri mwakuti pamenepa ndiye kuti condor ikhoza kusiyanitsidwa ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama.
Mitundu ya Condor
Mitundu iwiri ya oimira oterewa akumwamba amadziwika. Amadziwika ndi malo okhala, koma amasiyanasiyana mwatsatanetsatane mawonekedwe. Mitunduyi imapatsidwa mayina kutengera ndi malo omwe oyimilira akumana.
Andean Condor pothawa
1. Andean Condor nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi nthenga zakuda, zomwe zimafanana bwino ndi mtunduwu, malire oyera oyera ngati chipale ndipo amaphika mapiko, komanso "kolala" yokhala ngati mkhosi. Kukula kwachinyamata kumawonekera kwambiri ndi mthenga wa bulauni.
Kukhazikika ku Andes, nthawi zambiri zolengedwa izi zimasankha ziwembu motalika kwambiri, komwe moyo wamtundu uliwonse sufala. Mbalame zoterezi nthawi zina zimapezekanso kumadera ena kumapiri a Pacific.
California condor
2. California condor. Thupi la mbalame zotere ndi lalitali, koma mapikowo ndi ofupikirapo kuposa achibale. Mtundu wa mbalamezi nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda. Nthenga zochititsa chidwi m'khosi zimapanga khosi.
Pansi pa mapiko mutha kuwona madera oyera momwe mawonekedwe amakona atatu. Mutu wake ndi pinki, wadazi. Zambiri mwa zazing'onazo ndi zofiirira, zokhala zokongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi malire. Zosiyanasiyana sizosowa, koma nthawi zina zimangokhala ngati kutha.
Zowonadi, panthawi inayake kumapeto kwa zaka zana lomaliza padziko lapansi panali mbalame 22 zokha. Koma ndendende chifukwa cha izi, njira zinatengedwa kuti akwaniritse zoberekera. Zotsatira zake, mbalame zoterezi tsopano zilipo mwachilengedwe. Mu chithunzi cha conductor mawonekedwe amitundu iliyonse amawonekera bwino.