Palibe repatti zambiri zomwe zitha kudzitamandira pazomwe zidalipo. akudya mazira a african (lat. Dasypeltis scabra) M'miyoyo yawo yonse, njoka izi zimangokhala pachakudya chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika, zimakhala khungu, koma nthawi imodzimodzi zimasinthidwa kukhala ndi moyo kumphepete mwa Africa.
Kutalika kwenikweni kwa thupi sikudutsa 110-120 cm, anthu pafupifupi 80 cm kutalika kumakhala kofala. Mtunduwo umakhala wosiyanasiyana kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala wokongola kwambiri - matani amatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera ku imvi yakuda kupita pabowola malingana ndi malowa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake nthawi zambiri amawoneka bwino mawanga owoneka ngati diamondi kapena V pamsana, opangidwa ndi miyeso yokulirapo pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wa Dasypeltis scabra umagwirizana bwino ndi chilengedwe ndipo umalola kuti njoka ipite.
Wodya mazira aku Africa amadya mazira okha. Popeza zilombozi siziyenera kuthamangitsa nyama yogwira, thupi lake lasintha zinthu zingapo zosangalatsa.
Choyamba, masomphenya a njoka ya mazira ndi ofooka kwambiri, koma lingaliro ili lidasinthidwa ndikumveka lakuthwa ndi fungo. Mothandizidwa ndi lilime lanzeru, njokayo imapeza mosavuta ndodo za mbalame ndi mazira.
Kachiwiri, chigaza ndi chibwano chapansi sichilumikizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakamwa pakhale kotseguka kwambiri komanso mazira akuluakulu kuti amezedwe.
Chachitatu, mano a njoka amadzaza, ndi ofooka komanso ochepa. Komabe, koyambirira kwa esophagus pali "mazira ofikira" - njira zakuthwa ndi zazitali za mbali yakumaso ya vertebrae ya thupi. Pogwiritsa ntchito chida ichi, wodya mazira ku Africa amaduladula ndi chipolopolo champhamvu cha dzira. Zomwe zimadzaza dzira zimalowa m'mphepete, ndipo zigombazo zimatsalira.
Mutha kukumana ndi Dasypeltis scabra ku Africa kokha, koma amagawidwa pafupifupi kulikonse, kupatula nkhalango zowerengeka zokha komanso zigawo zapakati pa Sahara. Wosinthidwa bwino ndi moyo wokhala ndi mitundu yambiri, kuchokera kumapiri ouma komanso opanda moyo mpaka nkhalango zamvula zambiri.
Njoka ya mazira aku Africa, monga banja lonse lodziwikiralo, silikhala ndi poyizoni. Pakadali pangozi, njokayo imabisala m'maenje a mitengo, m'miyala ndi pakati pamizu yamitengo. Ngati sizotheka kubisala, zokwawa zimagwiritsa ntchito zoyipa zowopsa - zopindika ndi zisanu ndi zitatu ndipo zimapanga phokoso lowopsa lomwe limapangidwa ndikupaka sikelo zazikulu zakumaso wina ndi mnzake - akuti zikuwoneka ngati zowopsa.
23.07.2013
Wodya dzira la mu Africa (lat. Dasypeltis scabra) - njoka ya mabanja Pompano (lat. Colubridae). Amatchulidwanso kuti njoka ya mazira a ku Africa chifukwa amakonda kwambiri mazira a mbalame, omwe amakhala chakudya chake chachikulu.
Wodya mazira sakhala ndi poizoni ndipo alibe mano, chifukwa chake okonda nyama zachilendo amasangalala kuti azisamalira kunyumba. Zoona, kusamalira ziweto zotere kunyumba kumafuna kuchitapo kanthu.
Makhalidwe
Zakudya za mazira ndizodziwika ku Africa-kum'mwera kwa Sahara. Amamva bwino m'malo okhala ndi zitunda zazitali, komanso m'malo omera udzu okhala ndi miyala yomwe ikulowa pansi.
Njoka iyi imakonda kutentha kwambiri ndipo pakuzizira pang'ono imabisala pobisalira ndikugwa. Amakhala moyo wachisangalalo. Masana, wodya mazira amabisala pobisalira, ndipo pofika tulo amapita kukafunafuna chakudya.
Wodya mazira aku Africa samasinthidwa kuti adyetse mazira okha.
Nsagwada zake, m'malo mwa mano, mumakhala timizeremizere tomwe timakhala ngati zipatso. Makataniwo, monga makapu oyamwa, amasindikizidwa ku chipolopolo cha dzira, kuti sichitha kutuluka mkamwa mwake.
Zamoyo zouluka bwino pamitengo ndikuyang'ana zisa za mbalame. Akapeza dzira, njoka imamva lilime lake kuti itsimikizire kuti ndiyatsopano. Amatha kudziwa ngati mluza ukuyambika kale kapena ayi.
Mazira okha omwe mluza usanapangidwepo amadya. Atasankha dzira, ovipar amatsegula pakamwa pake ndikumeza kuchokera kumapeto.
Njira yolowera ndiyotenga nthawi yayitali komanso nthawi yayitali. Choyamba, njokayo imakhomera khosi lake ndikusunthira dzira kudzera mu "dzira linaona" kuchokera kuzinthu zakupsinjika kwa chinthu chamkati mwa thunthu. Ndi chithandizo chake, imadula chipolopolo cholimba, kenako madzi amadzimadzi amataya m'mimba.
Minofu yapadera imapanikizana ndi pharynx, ndipo zotsalira zake sizingathulira.
Patsiku labwino, njokayo imadya mazira a mbalame 5 nthawi imodzi. Izi ndizokwanira kwa iye kwa masabata angapo.
Phula la ku Africa limadyera makamaka munthawi ya mbalame zambiri.
M'miyezi yanjala, amadzuka, akukhala ndi mafuta omwe anali nawo kale. M'nyengo yozizira, hibernates, kupeza pobisalira padera.
Pokhala cholengedwa chovulaza kotheratu, wodya mazira aku Africa ngati ali pachiwopsezo amatsata zizolowezi za njoka yakupha. Amakunga thupi ngati chovala cha akavalo ndi zingano ndi mamba ometera mbali, ndikuponyera mdani wowopsa.
Kuswana
Nthawi yakukhwima pakati pa anthu omwe amadya mazira ku Africa imayamba nthawi yomweyo. Pakadali pano, anyani amphaka amayenda mozungulira kuzungulira kuyang'ana wamkazi. Pambuyo pamsonkhano wocheperako, othandizira adagawana.
Akazi posachedwa amayang'ana malo odalirika komanso osakira ana, pomwe amaberekera mazira 6 mpaka 25. Nthawi zambiri mumsuzi pamakhala mazira 10 27-46 mm kutalika ndi 15-20 mm mulifupi. Mkazi sasamala za kubereka.
Kuchulukitsa kwa mazira kumadalira kwathunthu kutentha. Pakatha miyezi 2-3, njoka zopangidwa mokhazikika komanso zodziyimira zazitali 21-25 masentimita zimabadwa.Ukukula kwawo kumachitika zaka 2.
Kufotokozera
Mtunduwo ndi wonyezimira kapena wobiriwira maolivi. Mtundu wakuda wa mawanga kapena mikwingwirima imayandikira kumbuyo. Kumbuyo kwa mutu kuli malo amdima mawonekedwe a zilembo zachilatini V.
Mutu ndi wocheperako. Maso ndi akulu ndipo amawonekera pang'ono. Pakamwa pamakhala lozungulira ndipo limatha kutambasulidwa kwambiri.
Kutalika kwa moyo kwa munthu wakudya mazira ku Africa mwachilengedwe kuli pafupifupi zaka 10.
Malo okhala ndi njoka yam'madzi
Komwe kuli njoka ku Africa, kupatula ku Central Sahara ndi nkhalango zowerengeka. Chiwerengerochi chafalikiranso ku Morocco, Sudan, South Africa (kumpoto, kumwera), ku Egypt, Senegal. Anthu ena amalowa m'chigawo cha Arabia, malo okhala, zipululu, mapiri, nkhalango zamapiri.
Ziweto zimamva bwino pansi komanso pamitengo, chifukwa chowopsa ukhoza kubisala mumphako kapena m'mizu ya mitengo. Ngati sangathe kuthawa, amayamba kuzungulira, ndikupanga mawu osokosera komanso owopsa, omwe amapezeka pakupukuta mamba wina ndi mnzake.
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MU Vidiyo iyi, MUKUONA Momwe WOFUNA WODULA ASAKHALA NDI MALO OGULITSA
Njoka yamayi ya ku Africa(Dasypeltis scabra)
Kalasi - Repitles
Gulu - Scaly
Mtundu - Njoka Zazira
Njoka yamtundu wapakatikati mpaka 1.1 m kutalika, nthawi zambiri imakhala yocheperako - pafupifupi 80 cm.Miyeso ya thupi yokhala ndi keel zopangidwa bwino. Maso ndi ochepa. Utoto umasiyana kwambiri. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yokhala ngati "maumboni": mawonekedwe aktundu wake ndi a bulauni, ofiira kapena otuwa, m'mphepete mwa msewuwo pali malo angapo osawoneka bwino kapena amizere otalikirana ndi malo oyera. mikwingwirima. Pali ena okhala ndi mtundu wofowoka kapena osakhala ndi amodzi (owoneka wonenepa kwambiri, lalanje kapena wa imvi).
Kugawidwa m'malo okhala ndi kumwera kwa Africa, kuyambira ku Senegal ndi Sudan kumpoto mpaka kumapeto ndi South Africa kumwera. Gawo la malo okhala mitunduyi limapezeka kumwera-kumadzulo kwa Peninsula ya Arabia.
Imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana: malo onyowa ndi owuma, zipululu, nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa mapiri, mapiri ataliatali a udzu. Anthu omwe amadya mazira amasangalala kwambiri pansi komanso pamitengo. Pakakhala zoopsa, amayesa kubisala m'miyala yakuya pansi pa mizu kapena m'maenje a mitengo. Kuchokera pamaso ang'onoang'ono ndi ana opindika, palibe ntchito. Koma kusawona bwino kumalipidwa ndi kununkhira bwino komanso kukhudza. Wodya mazira amapeza nyama yake mothandizidwa ndi lilime ndi fossa yapadera pamphuno. Atapeza mwanjira iyi chisa ndi mazira, njokayo imayamba kudya. Njoka za mazira zimangodya mazira okha, chifukwa chake pali zinthu zingapo kapangidwe kake.
Awa ndi njoka za ovipositing. Akazi amayikira mazira 25.
Potengedwa ukapolo, kiyubiki kapena ofukula ndi nthambi zambiri zolumikizana komanso malo okhala pamwamba pa nthaka ndioyenera bwino. Izi zitha kukhala chubu la ceramic kapena pulasitiki, khungwa limodzi, kapena pogona pabwino lililonse. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga ngati gawo lapansi. Kutentha kumasungidwa pamlingo wa 28-30, chinyezi sichikhala chokwera, ndikokwanira nthawi iliyonse 2-3 kuti utsiwike chidebecho kuchokera mfuti yolusa. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino mu terarium, yomwe siyilola kuti mpweya uzimiririka. Njoka izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodekha, zopanda vuto lililonse ndipo zimakhala bwino ukapolo.
Vuto lalikulu ndikuwapatsa chakudya. Njira yabwino ndi mazira atsopano a mbalame zazing'ono zokongoletsera, zomwe zimasungidwa ndikugawidwa muukapolo: mbalame zotchetchera, maulalo, canaries, etc. mazira a Quail ndi abwino kwa akuluakulu, koma mazira osambitsidwa ndi ozizira omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo samanunkha kanthu ndipo amataya chidwi cha njoka. Mukadyetsa mazira, mutha kuyiyika mu chisa chakulengedwa kuchokera kumitengo, komwe imagwiritsa ntchito kuswana mbalame mu osayenera. Chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa chakudya m'chilengedwe, njoka za mazira zimatha kudya mwachangu, kudziunjikira mafuta mwachangu, mosemphanitsa, kumakhala ndi njala kwa nthawi yayitali, kukana chakudya.