Msodzi wina wa mdierekezi yemwe amalumikizana ndi cryptozoological ndi chimphona chachikulu cha manta (manta birostris), yotchedwanso nsomba zazikulu za mdierekezi kapena njira ya chiwanda.

Ngakhale Manta ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa mbola, kwenikweni, ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, kupezeka kwake sikunavomerezedwe mwasayansi mpaka 1829. Komabe, chojambulira wa nsomba nkhani pofotokoza nsomba ija, anenedwa patsikuli.

Kulemera mpaka matani 1.5 (ngati sichoncho koposa) ndi kutalika kwa mita 6, chingwe chachikulu cha ma manta chitha kuzindikirika popanda chifukwa cha zipsepse zake zazikuluzikulu zooneka ngati pterygo, zakuda pamwamba komanso zoyera pansi, zomwe zimafika mpaka 6.5 mita kudutsa. Mchira wake wamtali, komanso pakamwa pake, ndikuyang'ana kutsogolo kwa mutu, pakona iliyonse pakamwa pamabweranso “nyanga” - mtundu wa zipsepse.

Mogwirizana ndi mantha ake makamaka lakuthwa ndilumphepo m'madzi ngati kuti chilombo ziwanda - yaikulu mleme, kuuluka kuchokera pansi pa nyanja, n'zosadabwitsa kuti chovala (kwenikweni vuto lililonse limbikitsa, akuyandama pamwamba ndi chakudya pa zomera), anauzira ambiri wachisoni, koma zolakwika nkhani za iye.

Chimodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri, koma choseketsa kwathunthu ndichakuti ma manta ray amatenga ma scuba divers kapena osambira ena aumunthu omwe ali ndi zipsepse zake zazikulu za pectoral ndikumaliza mwatsoka. Komabe ngakhale nkhanizi chongoyerekeza, palinso zina chenicheni cryptozoological zinsinsi za nsomba yaikulu komabe ayenera kukhala njira zogwira mtima.

Choyamba: kodi manti ndi akulu bwanji? Samagwira kawirikawiri, ndipo zomwe zinapezeka sizinkafufuzidwa bwino chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu kapena chifukwa choti mwangozi zidapezeka zinaponyedwa pagombe lina lakutali, komwe kulibe njira zophunzirira kapena kuyenda malo ena. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri a ichthyologists sangathebe kudziwa molondola kukula kopezeka kwa mitundu yosangalatsayi. Nthawi ndi nthawi, malipoti osiyanasiyana amakumana ndi ma colossal manta rays, omwe amadziwika kuposa momwe amadziwika kale, koma ndizosatheka kutsimikizira mauthengawa.

Mwina mbiri kwambiri zosaneneka, anapanga ndi French diver Corneille Lumiere anasonyeza chimphona manta kunyezimira, Virigoyu owonjezera mamita 18 m'mimba mwake ndipo zimalemera matani oposa 2. Ngati ndizowona, ndiye kuti ma manta ray akadaposa ngakhale shaki yamphamvu kwambiri, yomwe pano imadziwika kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Chocheperachepera, koma chosasangalatsa kwambiri chinali chodabwitsa chodabwitsa cha manta ray chomwe chidawonedwa kuchokera ku Tower Island ku Islands ya ku Galapagos ndi wolemba zachilengedwe waku America wotchuka a William Beebe, monga tafotokozera pambuyo pake m'buku lake la Galapagos Islands, End of the World (1924). Beebe, ndithudi, kunali pang'ono anadabwa lalikulu manta kukula osachepera mamita 3 awiri inawombana ndi sitima wake. Komabe, pamene iye anafufuza mwatsatanetsatane nyama, anali kwambiri anadabwa, chifukwa anali ngati palibe mtundu wina kunyezimira manta, wodziwika ke:

"[Amakhala] ndi mtundu wamba wa nsomba kapena mdierekezi pokhapokha ngati mapiko ake sanali omata komanso zipsepse zamkati sizinali zakuthwa. Zomangira ngati za mutu wake zinali zowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino kuposa zowongoka. Kumbuyo lonse anali woderapo, pang'ono blotchy, pamene mbali yochititsa chidwi anali atavala lonse, zoyera mikwingwirima yaitaliyo pakati pa nsana pa mbali pa mutu. Malangizo a mapiko anathandiziranso kwambiri oyera. ”

Pakatha zaka zopitilira 70, mawondo oyera a Biba okhala ndi maonekedwe oyera sadziwikabe ndipo sinafotokozedwe m'mabuku ofotokoza za nyama, ngakhale kuti zofananazi zambiri, zofanananso zofananazi zalengezedwa padziko lonse lapansi, kutsimikizira kuti ngakhale masiku ano kuli anthu ambiri achilendo panyanja akuthawira chilolezo cha boma.

Ngati mwazikonda, kanikizani chala chachikulu ndikulembetsa ku njira yathu. Zowonjezeranso chidwi!

Iwo mbali chifaniziro cha mdierekezi moyo nyanja

Ray ya Manta imapezeka m'madzi a nyanja zonse (kupatula Arctic). Imakhala m'malo am'madzi otentha komanso otentha, ndipo imapezeka m'malo otentha. Malire a kugawa ake kupanga madigiri ndi 35 kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa dziko. Moyo - pelagic, wokhala ndi zina:

Zimasambira, ndikugwedeza zipsepse zazikulu zam'mphepete mwa mmbali, zokhala ngati mapiko . Kukhala kutali ndi nyanja, kusambira mu mzere wolunjika pa liwiro zonse m'madzi osaya zambiri kupumula pa madzi kapena pang'onopang'ono kukuzungulira pa malopo.

Nsomba za Manta ray zimadziwika chifukwa chokhoza kudumphira m'madzi (kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka). Munthu wamkulu atalumpha m'madzi, amamveka mawu ofanana ndi mabingu, omwe amamveka kwa mtunda wautali.

Maonekedwe, kadyedwe ndi adani

Mphete zamatumbo a mdierekezi ndi zazikulu, chifukwa cha momwe mawonekedwe a diski (thupi) amawonekera ngati kamtunda kokulirapo. Mtunda kuchokera pa nsonga za faifi penti imodzi kukafika kumapeto kwachiwiri ndi wopitilira kawiri kutalika kwa thupi la nsomba iyi ya stingray. Zolemba malire analembedwa zikulilima zipsepse manta - za mamita 9, mamita 4.5 imatengedwa pafupifupi.

Nsomba ya manta ray ili ndi miyendo itatu yomwe ikugwira bwino ntchito, zomwe sizokhazokha ndi ma vertebrates:

• Mphesa za pelvic zidasinthira kumchira.
• A peyala ya zipsepse pectoral, imene pa manta kusambira m'mwamba ngati mapiko.
• Zipsepse zamutu, zomwe ndi gawo lakunja lakunja kwa zipsepse. Ndiwotalikirapo ndipo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchotsa chakudya.

Mutu zipsepse ndi apangidwe ndi kunyezimira manta amakhala ofanana ndi mwauzimu "nyanga." Amawongoledwa kuti azitsogolera kuyenda kwa madzi limodzi ndi zamoyo zam'madzi zangonena pakamwa.

Migodi ya Plankton

Mdyerekezi Nsomba ali okonzeka ndi kukamwa kwake, yomwe ili patsogolo pa mutu. Pachifukwachi pakamwa ndi chosiyana ndi ena, chifukwa kwa ena onse oyimilira kwambiri ,otsegula pakamwa ili pansipa. Mano ang'ono mu mawonekedwe a tubercles m'mizere amapezeka pa nsagwada yapansi (toothless kumtunda). Chigawo chapakati 18 amanyamula nsagwada dentition, m'makona a kuchuluka pakamwa dentition yafupika 12.

Mwa njira yodyetsera, mdierekezi wamkulu wam'nyanjayi ndi zosefera. Ali ndi zida zabwino zosefera: ma-brownish-pinki okhala ndi mawonekedwe, omwe ali pakati pa ziphuphu za branchial zomwe zimatchera plankton (crustaceans ndi nsomba zazing'ono). Nyanja Mdyerekezi nsomba kufunika kusambira mitunda yaitali kupeza chakudya, izi zomera, amene alibe kuima ndipo wangayo.

Kuwona ndi kununkhira ndi ziwalo zazikulu zamalingaliro zomwe zimathandiza ma mantas kufunafuna chakudya. Njira yodyetsera ndiyosangalatsa:

• Poyamba nsomba zazikulu pang'onopang'ono zikuzungulirira masango zomera, galimoto iye mu mulu waukulu.
• Kenako chimbudzi chimathandizira komanso kusambira mwachangu ndi pakamwa pake potseguka mpaka pakatikati pa tsambali.
• Zipsepse zamutu wazitali, zomwe zimapinda mkati mozungulira, zimathandizira kuwongolera madzi limodzi ndi chakudya kukamwa.

Mukakonza ndende yaikulu kwambiri ya zinthu planktonic, chimphona nyanja Mdierekezi akhoza kugwera mu khalidwe la misala chakudya, monga anati mu nsombazo.

Mawonekedwe

Manti amakhala ndi khungu lakuda, lomwe limatha kuponyera zakuda, zamtambo kapena zofiirira. Malo owala omwe ali pamwamba kumbuyo, kuli ngati mbeza. Pamimba nyama yowala. Zoyimira zamtunduwu zimakumana, zikukhala ndi mtundu wakuda wokha, kuchepetsedwa ndi malo oyera okha thupi lonse.

Manti amadya pa plankton, kusefa madzi. mano alipo yekha mu nsagwada m'munsi. Ngakhale ndi zochuluka motani, mapiko a mapiko amatha kukhala olanda kwa zilombo zazikulu monga shaki.

Asayansi sanathebe kudziwa chifukwa chake manti akuyesera kuuluka. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, amuna tcheru anthu akazi. Akatswiri ena a zinyama akuti motere mapiko amapondera nsomba, kupeza chakudya chawochomwe:, pambuyo pa kulumpha, malo otsetsereka pansi pamadzi, kumamveka phokoso lomwe limafalikira kwa ma kilomita. Palibe mwazina zomwe zidatsimikiziridwa, kotero zimangolingalira kuti chifukwa chiyani manty adang'ambika m'mlengalenga, ndikusirira mawonekedwe odabwitsa awa.

Nyanja Ziwanda kuyang'ana kwambiri osati pa ndege nthawi pa madzi. Amachita chidwi ndi chisomo chawo akusambira. Nyama zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, zikuuluka nthawi ndi nthawi ndi zipsepse zazikulu, ngati mapiko.

Kodi kubereka?

Monga ziwanda zonse zam'nyanja zazikulu zimaberekanso mwa njira yopumira. Mazira okhathamira amakula m'thupi la mayi, pomwe ana amatenga kamwana, kenako wamkazi amabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi, wokonzekera moyo wodziimira payekha.

Manta cheza amayamba kugonana okhwima akafika zaka 5 - 6 zaka. Nyengo yoswana imatha mwezi wa December mpaka Epulo. Pakadali pano, nsomba zimawonetsa chidwi:

• Choyamba, amuna limodzi kapena kuposa 20 - Mphindi 30 kuthamangitsa mchira wa mkazi, ndipo kangapo izo chiwembu.
• Kenako m'modzi mwa abambo, atayandikira chachikaziyo, amagwira m'mphepete mwa malekezero ake a penti ndi kamwa yake ndikutembenuzira mnzake pansi.
• Kenako kuphatikizira kumachitika: pterigopodi yamphongo imalowetsedwa mu chovala chachikazi. Mu udindo uwu, akhale kwa wina - mphindi ziwiri.

Manta amayala wokwera kumtunda wamadzi. Amuna m'modzi kapena awiri amatha kumvana ndi mkazi m'modzi ndi kumuthira manyowa.

Kuswana

cheza Mbalame kubala mwana moyo ku dziko lapansi, kuti sikutanthauza chisamaliro cha makolo. Akakhwima, dzira limodzi kapena awiri amayikidwa m'mimba mwa mkazi. Pakapita kanthawi, makanda amawonekera kuchokera kwa iwo omwe akupitiliza kubereka m'mimba mwa amayi. Nthawi yonse gestation ukhoza kwa miyezi 12 mpaka 13.

Manty nthawi zambiri amabereka zaka ziwiri. Nthawi zina mzimayi amakhala ndi mwana chaka chilichonse. Unamwali Mbalame cheza kufika zaka 8 mpaka 10. Nthawi zambiri, a manti amakhala pafupifupi zaka 50.

Kukula kwa mluza

Osauka thupi la mayi mu chiwalo wapadera, ofanana "mimba" ya nyama, Ndisanaumbidwe pa siteji oyambirira ndi zoyendetsedwa ku yolk sac. Zakudya izi sizili zokwanira kukhazikika kwathunthu kwa chamoyo chochepa kwambiri, chifukwa, patapita nthawi, gwero lazinthu zowonjezera kuchokera kwa amayi limalumikizidwa. Kudzera m'njira zapadera zomwe zimapanga chiberekero, mluza umayamba kulandira madzi mu michere ndi mapuloteni.

manti Ndisanaumbidwe akufotokozera kwa nthawi yaitali (pafupifupi chaka chimodzi).

Ma stingrays achichepere pakubadwa ndi akulu kwambiri: diski m'lifupi limafikira mita yopitilira (mpaka 130 sentimita). Kulemera kumatha kukhala kilogalamu 9 mpaka 12. The wamkazi chibala wina cheza Bakuman manta (kawirikawiri - awiri). Izi zimachitika m'madzi osaya, pomwe zaka zingapo zotsatira achinyamata amayenda.

Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa ana ndi ana ang'onoang'ono ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zokhala pachiwopsezo cha stingray iyi komanso kuchepa kwa ziwerengero. Zotsatira yakula m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi (chifukwa Kupha nsomba mosakaza). Chifukwa chake, mdierekezi wamkulu wam'nyanja adalandira "zolengedwa zosatetezeka" kuchokera ku International Union for Conservation of Natural.

Manta ray kapena satana wamkulu wanyanja ndi mtundu wa masitayilo amtundu womwewo wa banja la bracken-tailed bracken order, over-Order of stingrays. The subfamily Mobulinae, womwenso manta ndi inakhala okha ndi magulu atatu a nthambi ntchito. Ichi ndiye chachikulu kwambiri pamtsetse, m'lifupi mwa anthu payokha mumafika 9.1 m (m'litali mwake mikono 4-4,5), ndipo unyinji wa toyesa zazikulu ndi mpaka matani atatu.

Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chispanya, dzina la nsomba'li limamasuliridwa kuti "malaya" kapena "bulangeti". Ndipo ndithu, mwa kakakulu akuyandama mandala madzi manta ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa muofesiyo matsenga, elegantly ndi majestically kuuluka mu mlengalenga.

Ray ya Manta ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mbola. Choyamba, amatchuka chifukwa cha kukula kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa, zomwe zapangitsa kuti nthano, nthano komanso nthano zambiri zokhudzana ndi nsomba yodabwayi zizioneka kuyambira nthawi zakale kwambiri.

Maonekedwe ndi kukula mikanjo, ndithudi, lapadera. Ngakhale "chovala" chatsopano chimafikira m'maso mwa zipsepse zoposa 150, ndipo munthu wamkulu amatha kufikira mapiko a pafupifupi 8 m ndi kulemera kwa matani oposa 2! Ichi ndiye chimphona chenicheni cham'madzi.

Mu chilungamo, ayenera kuti chovala si chofukizira umboni mwa cheza cha thupi kutalika - "olankhulira" mu izi Mpikisanowo kudzachitika sawfish, mitundu ina amene kufika mamita 7.6 ku nsonga ya ikhale pamphuno kuti nsonga ya mchira. Thupi la manti silikula kuposa 2 metres. Koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka ndi kutalika kwa mapiko, kuwala kwa manta kumaonedwa limodzi ndi akatswiri a sayansi kuti ndiye njira yayikulu kwambiri yopangira sayansi.

Maonekedwe a nsomba salola kuti tisasokoneze ndi stingrays wina aliyense kapena nyama nyanja. Thupi lake limafanana ndi kapeti wooneka ngati diamondi, wakuda pamwamba komanso yoyera chipale chofewa kumbali yamkati. Mapiko akulu opangidwa ndi zipsepse za mchenga, chingwe chokhala ngati chikwapu, ndi nyanga zodziwika pamutu wopangidwa ndi nsonga zakutsogolo za zipsepse zamakutu. nyanga izi limbikitsa ukuwonjezeka otaya madzi kuti patsekeke m'kamwa mwake yaikulu. Chifukwa chiyani manta amafunika kuchuluka kwa madzi mkamwa? Inde, pachifukwa chosavuta kuti mbola izi ndi nyama zam'madzi zam'madzi, monga anangumi, cetaceans ndi shaki zikuluzikulu. Ngakhale pakamwa dumplings zooneka ngati kamwa ndi Nsombayo chinsomba, anasiyana Komabe, kapangidwe ka zida mano.

Kutha kwa ziwanda zam'nyanja kutuluka m'madzi ndikodziwika bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, imatha kukwera 1.5 m pamwamba pake. Sound madzi kugwa pa toyesa lalikulu ngati phokoso bingu anamva ndi mailosi pang'ono. Manta ndiwotetezeka kwathunthu kwa anthu, chifukwa siwankhanza. Komabe, kukhudza khungu lake, lokutidwa ndi nthenga zazing'ono, ladzala ndi mikwingwirima ndi mafupa.

The njira matsango a zomera, kuwala amatha kuyenda zikwi makilomita. Stingrays amakhala m'madzi ofunda a nyanja zonse, kupatula ku Arctic. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu Indian Ocean, pomwe amapanga gulu lonse la ziweto. Kawirikawiri tiwolokere mu ndime madzi, kungolandira yokolola zomera, nthawi zambiri wakhazikika pa pamwamba poyera pamwamba pa nsonga ya zipsepse pectoral.

Ming'alu za Manta zimasambira, zikuwulutsa zipsepse zawo ngati mapiko. Potseguka panyanja, amayenda molunjika pamzere wowongoka, ndipo kuchokera kumtunda nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi pamadzi kapena mozungulira. Zidzachitika kuyambira pa aliyense payekha komanso mu magulu zilipo kwa anthu 30. Nthawi zambiri zimatsatiridwa ndi nsomba zina, komanso nsombazi.

Chochititsa chidwi, manti ndi nsomba "zowala kwambiri" zam'nyanja. Specific manta ubongo kulemera (wachibale thupi) wa nsomba waukulu ndi sayansi. Ndizotheka kuti ma rays a manta ndi nsomba "zanzeru kwambiri" padziko lapansi.

Choopsa chachikulu ku manti ndi munthu. Nyama cheza ndi zokoma, ndi chiwindi ndi zamafuta. Chifukwa chake, m'malo awo, asodzi odziwa kusambira komanso asodzi-asodzi amasaka zovala zapamwamba. Kutulutsa nsomba yayikulu m'madzi sikophweka, chifukwa chotchuka. Zimenezi zimabweretsa dontho chiwerengero cha manta kunyezimira, kuchititsa nkhawa pakati zachilengedwe.Masiku ano, ntchito ikuchitika pakubala kwa nyama izi ku ukapolo. Mu 2007, ku Okinawa Aquarium (Japan), mwana wa manti woyamba kubadwa.

"Bulangeti" kapena "chofunda" amamasulira mawu Spanish "limbikitsa". Mdierekezi wapanyanja - uyu amatchedwanso nyama yopambana, komanso yotetezeka kwathunthu.

Kuyanjana kwa anthu

Kwa nthawi yaitali ankaganiza kuti cheza manta ndi oopsa kwa anthu. Anthu adalemba nkhani zoyipa za momwe mapiko a mapiko, ngati ma vampires, amamwa moyo kuchokera kwa munthu, akumadziphimba mozungulira iwo ndi zipsepse zake zazikulu. Ena anena kuti manti amatha kumeza anthu mosavuta. Ndipotu, nyama ndi mtendere kwambiri. Samazunza osiyanasiyana, makamaka mabwato. Kukula kwawo kwakukulu kokha kumapangitsa mantha mwa anthu.

Manta kunyezimira kwa zaka zambiri kwambiri anaononga anthu. Adagwidwa pazolinga zosiyanasiyana:

• Nyama zaphedwa chifukwa cha mantha komanso malingaliro olakwika pa ngozi yawo,
• nyama cheza ntchito pophika,
• zikumbutso zimapangidwa kuchokera mbali zina za thupi,
• M'mankhwala ena ku China, anthu ochita masewera apamwamba amafunidwa.

stingrays Mbalame kawirikawiri anali mu ukapolo. Ndi ma aquariamu okhaokha akuluakulu omwe angakwanitse kukhala ndi nyama yodabwitsayi. Mu Aquarium waku Japan, manti adayamba kuswana. Zimenezi zimathandiza akatswiri kukhazikitsa yabwino kwambiri stingrays mapiko osauka.

Ziwanda zam'nyanja nthawi zambiri zimasokonezedwa ndi mapiko ena a mapiko - mafoni. Nyama izi ndizofanana kwambiri ndipo zimasiyana pang'ono pakapangidwe ka thupi. Mobula otsika chovala kukula ndi kulemera. Kutalika kwa thupi la Mobulinae kumatha kufika pa 5.2 m, ndipo amalemera pang'ono kuposa tani. Zimapezeka m'madzi otentha komanso madera otentha.

Mobula monga dumplings, nthawi zina kuuluka pamwamba pa madzi. Kutalika kwa kudumpha kumatha kufika mamita 3. Nthawi zina mutha kuwona momwe mapiko a mapikowo amathandizira chidwi nthawi ina isanakwere pansi pamadzi. Zanenedwanso kuti pamene ziweto zonse zinaponyedwa pansi. Ngakhale kuti onse akatswiri kudziwa kwenikweni chifukwa cheza ndi panamveka ku dziko, izo analephera. Mwambiri, asayansi amakonda kutengera kuti chomwe chimayambitsa khalidweli ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.

Ray ya Manta ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimakhala m'nyanja. Chifukwa malo kodabwitsa kwa zipsepse pectoral kupanga mtundu nyanga pachiyambi, mikanjo munakhala dzina "nyanja mdierekezi nsomba." Koma alibe "diabolical" m'moyo wawo ndi machitidwe awo. Izi ndi zolengedwa zamtendere ndi bata. komanso kudya zomera, ottsezhivaya izo m'madzi.

M'masodzi a nsomba, Manta (dzina lasayansi Manta birostris) ali mgulu la nsomba zamatumbo. Ili ndi dongosolo la masitayilo okhathamira (opanda kachilombo koyamwa mchira) ndi banja la ma bracken, mkati mwake momwe mumakhala ma subfamily (dzina lachiwiri ndi mantle, Mobulidae).

Dzina amachokera kufanana Rogachev zokhudzana ili pa mutu, ndi nyanga. Ndipo banja la Orlyakov mwina lidatchulidwapo chifukwa cha zipsepse zambiri zakutsogolo, zomwe zimafanana ndi mapiko a chiwombankhanga. Mbola ikasambira, imawoneka ngati mbalame yayikulu pansi pamadzi, chifukwa mayendedwe a zipse zake amafanana ndi mapikowo.

Systematics manta kunyezimira

Ma ray a Manta ndi a Dasyatiformes a mawonekedwe a caudate (malinga ndi zina, malinga ndi dongosolo la chiwombankhanga - Myliobatidae). Mu mtundu Manti (Manta), ndi mitundu yokha ya malaya am'banja. Sistematory akadali ndiribe kubwera maganizo limodzi za kukhalapo kwa ena mayunitsi kunyezimira. Olemba ena akuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa gulu la zibangiri, kuphatikizira banja la stingrays, pomwe ena amawasiyanitsa mu banja losiyana. Komabe, ili ndi gawo la kafukufuku wa akatswiri asayansi.

Maonekedwe manta ray nyanja mdierekezi

Kukongola komanso pulasitiki poyenda kwa njirayo ndikosangalatsa, ngati kuti ndi kapeti wamatsenga woyenda munyanja yakuya. Manta rays (Manta birostris) - wasayansi wotchuka kwambiri. Makulidwe ndi maonekedwe zodabwitsa anayambitsa chilengedwe cha nthano nkhani za nsomba modabwitsa.

Gulu la manta cheza kutsatira plankton

Manta kale pobadwa amafika kupitirira mita imodzi ndi theka m'mphepete mwa zipsepse, ndipo akakula, amatha kufikira mita 8 ndikulemera kuposa matani awiri. Tikumbukenso kuti si zamtundu waukulu kunyezimira manta, sawfish Championship zatenga kukula kwa imene imafikira mamita 7.6 ku nsonga ya ikhale pamphuno ndi mchira. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka ndi zipsepse za manta ray, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo amaiona ngati malo otsetsereka kwambiri, chimphona chenicheni cham'madzi.

Maonekedwe a stingrays ndi apadera, matupi awo amawoneka ngati kapeti wooneka ngati diamondi: pamwambapa ndi wakuda komanso wowala bwino kumbali yamkati. Lonse-mapiko zipsepse knutoobrazny mchira nsonga lalifupi ndi zipsepse pectoral pa mutu mu mawonekedwe a nyanga, amene otsetsereka kumawonjezera otaya madzi M'mimbamo m'kamwa.

Manta ray - chimphona chokha cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya scuba, koma otetezeka kwathunthu kwa iwo

Kodi manto satana ndi wowopsa kwa munthu?

Mantha maonekedwe chifukwa kukula ndi "nyanga" zonyenga manta, kuwala ndi otetezeka kwa anthu. Komabe, ngakhale kupindika pang'ono kwa mapiko ake kumavulaza munthu kwambiri. M'mbuyomu, panali nthano zazokhudza kukhetsa magazi kwa chovala chamkati. Iye akhapidziwa kuti iye akanakhoza akukumbatirana munthu kupotokola ndi kudya. Koma manti sakhala amtundu wa nyama zam'madzi zapamadzi ndipo samazunza anthu.

Mawonekedwe a Nyanja ya Mdyerekezi Manta

The njira matsango a zomera, kuwala amatha kuyenda zikwi makilomita.

Stingrays amakhala m'madzi ofunda a nyanja zonse, kupatula ku Arctic. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu Indian Ocean, pomwe amapanga gulu lonse la ziweto. Kawirikawiri tiwolokere mu ndime madzi, kungolandira yokolola zomera, nthawi zambiri wakhazikika pa pamwamba poyera pamwamba pa nsonga ya zipsepse pectoral.

Chochititsa chidwi, manti ndi nsomba "zowala kwambiri" zam'nyanja. Mphamvu inayake ya mphamvu ya manta ray (yokhudza thupi) ndiye nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imadziwika ndi sayansi. Si lilibe kuti cheza manta ndi nsomba kwambiri "wanzeru" mu dziko.

Manti akuluakulu alibe pafupifupi adani olusa, majeremusi okha omwe amayambitsa mavuto akulu, amayambitsa kuyabwa komanso kupweteka chifukwa chodya nyama. Anthu ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amakhala ovutika ndi asodzi ndi ena omwe amadya zam'madzi. Chifukwa cha otsika mathamangidwe manta osapitirira 20 Km / h,

Kugonana kwa dimorphism muulemerero wake wonse. Zimawonetsera mdierekezi nsomba . Amuna ndi akazi omwe ali pansi pano, ngati kuti amachokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana. Akazi amafikira kutalika kwa mita 2 ndipo amakhala ndi nyali pamitu yawo.

Nsomba nyanja mdierekezi

Imawalira m'malire a madzi, kukopa nyama. Amuna a Mdyerekezi ndi mainchesi 4 kutalika, opanda mawonekedwe owunikira. Izi si chidwi mfundo za chilengedwe cha kwambiri,.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a nsomba za mdierekezi

Mdierekezi nsomba chithunzi Zikuoneka chotheka. Ambiri amakwiya ndi mawonekedwe a nyamayo, yomwe anayifanizira ndi mdierekezi. Kuchokera muyezo nsomba zamdierekezi:

1. Flattened thupi. Zinali ngati kuti zili pamwamba pake.
2. Mutu waukulu. Chimachititsa magawo awiri a nyama.
3. Monga kuti ndi thupi lozungulira patatu, mwachikoka ndikupopa kumchira.
4. Pafupifupi gill amatha kuwombera.
5. Kukamwa ntchentche Tsegulani circumference lonse la pamutu. Nsagwada yapamwamba ndiyofulumira kuposa wotsika. Yotsirizira imakankhidwira patsogolo. nsomba A mukufuna kudya.
6. Mano ake ndi akuthwa komanso owongoka mkati.
7. Kusinthasintha ndi kusuntha kwa mafupa a chibwano. Adagawana ngati njoka, kotheka kumeza nyama zazikulu kuposa mlenje lapansi.
8. Wamaso ang'ono, ozungulira komanso owoneka bwino. Amachepetsedwa mphuno, ngati chowuluka.
9. Bipartite dorsal chipsyepsye. Kumbuyo kwake kuli mchira komanso zofewa. Gawo lakumapeto kwa finyo lili ndi nthiti 6 zowuma. The atatu a iwo akupita uko. Mbali yakutsogolo imasinthidwa kukhala nsagwada ndipo imakulira. Amatchedwa Eska, amakhala nyumba ya mabakiteriya oyatsa.
10. Kupezeka kwa mafupa chigoba mu zipsepse pectoral. Izi pang'ono zimawapatsa ntchito ya mwendo. Adierekezi amasuntha pansi zipsepse pansi, kukwawa kapena kudumpha m'njira zachilendo. Luso monkfish kusambira ndi n'zoperewera. Nthaka zimathandizanso kukumba pansi, kubisala kuti asamayang'ane maso.

Mdyerekezi Wam'madzi wa Caspian

Chakudya nsomba mdierekezi

Ziwanda zonse zam'nyanja ndizidyamakanda. Kupatula, nsomba zimakwera pamwamba pamadzi, kusaka hering'i ndi mackerel. Nthawi zina Nyanja Ziwanda katengedwe swaying pa mafunde a mbalame. Koma nthawi zambiri zimakonda kusaka nyama pansi, kuzigwirira pamenepo:

• squid ndi ma cephalopod ena
• gerbils
• mbola
• cod
• akuvutika
• zakuda
• asodzi ang'ono
• nkhanu

Adierekezi amadikirira omwe akuvutika ndi nsomba, omwe amabisala pansi. Kuwala kwa "nyali" za wolusa kumakopa anthu akuzama. Pamene akuvutika angathe kupweteka ESG mdierekezi kwambiri amatsegula pakamwa pake. Fomu yopanda kanthu m'deralo, ndikupsinjika. Wosambira kwenikweni amakokera nsomba mkamwa mwake. Pakuti chilichonse anakhala 6 milliseconds.

Chithunzi: filipmije (on and off)

Nyamayi siipatsidwa chilichonse chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chitetezo kwa ogwirira ntchito zapamadzi. No mano akulu kapena spikes kapena mwayi kumenya panopa, monga kuchita cheza cha. Mantas nthawi zambiri amakhala ovutitsidwa ndi anthu ena okhala munyanja. Asodzi akulu makamaka amakonda kuwasaka. Ngati cha m'ma chatha, anthu ankaganiza kuti Sea Mdyerekezi oopsa kwa anthu, koma tsopano ife tonse tikudziwa kuti palibe chifukwa choopera iwo.

Chithunzi: Tim

Chakudya chachikulu cha Sea Mdyerekezi ndi plankton, nsomba zazing'ono ndi mphutsi. Monga anamgumi cheza manta ndi ambiri pakamwa, Pomeza nyamazo aang'ono, ndiyeno kukhetsa madzi, kusiya chakudya pakamwa.
Manty ndi anzeru kwambiri. Kukula kwa ubongo wawo amaposa kukula kwa ubongo wa mbola komanso amphaka. Ndi wosavuta zikhale ngati osiyanasiyana. Alendo ena amapita kukapuma pagombe la Indian Ocean kuti akasambira limodzi ndi Nyanja ya Leo. Nyamazi ndizosangalatsidwa kwambiri ndipo zikaona china chosangalatsa pamadzi, zimasambira kuti ziwone zomwe zikuchitika. Nthawi zina chidwi kwambiri chimawononga nyama zabwinobwino.

Chithunzi: Saschj

Imodzi mwa miyambo yomwe Amakonda amakonda kudumphira pamadzi mpaka kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka. Tikufika chachikulu chinyama anamva makilomita ambiri. Cholinga cha masewera ngati awa sichimveka, koma, mwina, mwanjira iyi, Nyanja Mdyerekezi imakopa chidwi cha anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzanu kapenanso kuyesa kukola nsomba zazing'ono zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mukudya kwake.
Maonekedwe a ana a Manta ndimwadzidzidzi. The wamkazi abala mwana mmodzi yekha. Kutalika kwake kwa kubadwa ndi mita! Mdyerekezi wanyanja wabadwa mwa chubu chopotanitsidwa, koma, kukhala kunja kwa chiberekero cha amayo, kumatulutsa mapiko ake nthawi yomweyo. Kuyambira pamenepo, iye akuyamba "kuwuluka" kuzungulira mayi mabwalo.

Chithunzi: Steve Dunleavy

Mutha kuwona Mantoux stingray m'madzimo. Koma padziko lonse malo oterewa asanu okha, monga kuchuluka Aquarium zoterozo yaikulu kanyama ayenera kukhala m'malo chachikulu. Ndizodabwitsa kuti ku ukapolo, manti amaberekanso, chifukwa sadzafa, atapatsidwa mwayi woti sangabereke mtundu wawo. Kubala Nyanja Mdyerekezi muukapolo ndi ntchito yovuta komanso yayitali, koma ndiyofunika. Mmodzi Nyanja Mdyerekezi anabadwa mu Aquarium, amene ankakhala mu Japan. Chochitikacho chinachitika mu 2007 ndipo chinajambulidwa pa TV. Kukonda kwa munthu nyama iyi, kuyankha mwachikondi, kunabwera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo tsopano Manta amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazinyama zapadera kwambiri padzikoli.

Stingray - stingray Manta Ray. Manta ray (dzina lina ndi "satana wanyanja" yayikulu imatha kukula mpaka 7 m, kuchokera kumphepete mwa mbali imodzi mpaka kumunsi kwa ina (yopingasa yotsetsereka). . Kulemera kunyezimira zoterozo 2.5 mamita Mwachizolowezi pafupifupi zamitundu manta - ndi 4-4.5 mamita mitundu sayansi dzina -. Manta birostris. Ma ray a manta ndi a mayendedwe apabanja a manta, kapena ziwanda zam'nyanja. Thupi lathyathyathya la kanjira liri ndi mawonekedwe a rhomboid, omwe amapitilira mbali ndi zipsepse, kumbuyo kwa mchira wautali kwambiri. Kotero, chikufotokozera myliobatiformes, iwo amati stingray stingray, kuseri kwa spines waminga pa mapeto mchira. Malinga ndi katswiri wama hydrobiologist Andrea Marshall, yemwe wakhala akuphunzira manta rays kwa zaka zoposa 10, manta ray, kwenikweni, pali ma subspecies awiri. Koma ndizovomerezeka kuwerengera mtundu umodzi wa malaya. cheza Manta moyo mu madzi otentha a m'nyanja zonse. Anthu ophunzira kwambiri pagombe la Mozambique. Manti m'madzi ndi okongola modabwitsa. Pamwamba pa wakuda, ndi yowala mimba woyera, kumene kuli mdima mawanga kuti ndi khalidwe munthu aliyense. Mantas amayenda pang'onopang'ono, mayendedwe amakhala omasuka komanso achisomo, ngati kuti abwera m'madzi. Mosiyana ndi ma stingrays ena, ma mantas amakonda kukhala m'madzi apamwamba, nthawi zina amagona pansi, ndikuyika pentioral patuluka m'madzi.

cheza Manta a gulu la nsomba cartilaginous ngati nsombazo. Manti amadya plankton, crustaceans ang'ono ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Kusuntha kupitirira plankton kumatha kuyenda mtunda wautali, ngakhale liwiro la chovalacho silili lalikulu, pafupifupi 10 km / h. Front mutu waukulu pakamwa, mpaka 1 mita awiri pamene pakamwa ndi lotsegula. M'mphepete mwa kamwa ya mandis, zipsepse ndizo zipsepse zomwe zimatsogolera kutuluka kwa madzi mkamwa. Chifukwa cha nyanga za lobes izi, zomwe pakuyenda zimatha kupotozedwa ndi mizere, ndi mtundu wakuda kumbuyo, adatcha dzina la "ziwanda zam'nyanja" panthawi yake. madzi ndi osasankhidwa mu fyuluta zida, gill slits ngati Nsombayo chinsomba. Chilichonse chomwe chimamangidwa chimakhala chakudya. Amayi amakhala ndi ubongo waukulu kwambiri wa nsomba, molingana ndi kulemera kwa thupi lonse. The zimbalangondo wamkazi mmodzi ng'ombe manti pafupifupi 12 miyezi. Mosazolowereka, kukhala m'mimba, mwana amadya mkaka wake. Fry yaying'ono yolemera mpaka 10 kg yokhala ndi transverse fin kukula kwa 1.5 m imabadwa kwathunthu, imasinthidwa mokwanira kukhala moyo wodziyimira m'madzi. Pachibwenzi, chingwe wamkazi namtsata ndi amuna angapo, nthawi zina kwa anthu 20, pamene mkazi Asankha wina. Manti mate akuya kwa mita imodzi mpaka angapo. M'moyo, amakonda kukhala m'magulu, osatalikirana ndi miyala ya coral. cheza Manta komanso nsombazo akhoza limodzi ndi nsomba mahang'ala kuti oyera khungu ku mantas zamoyo zitamangiriridwa. Komabe, manti amayenda pafupipafupi m'matanthwe kupita "kusamba nsomba" ngati nsomba zazikulu zam'madzi. Manti ndi achidwi osati okonda zachilengedwe.

Ngati kudumpha kuchokera mmadzi. Zomwe amachitira izi sizikudziwikiratu. Akadumphira m'mlengalenga, amawuka mpaka 1.5 m, kenako ndikubwerera m'madzi. Sound pomenya limbikitsa padziko madzi angamvele pa mtunda wa makilomita angapo. Ngati pali madzi m'madzi kapena bwato likuyimirira, ndiye kuti ma manta ray amatha kusambira chifukwa chochita chidwi. Ngozi yokhayo ndikuti kulumphira kunja, ma manta ray amatha kugwera pamaboti kapena osambira. Chilakolako kudumpha opatsirana pamene wina alumphira

Kodi nsomba zamtchire zimakhala kuti?

Mantas posaka chakudya amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali, amatsata kayendedwe ka plankton. Awa ndi magazi ofunda.

Mantas amatha kuyenda modabwitsa m'madzi, amawombera "mapiko" awo mosavuta komanso mochititsa chidwi. Nthawi zina mumatha kuwona ma mantas, chifukwa choti amakonda kugona pamadzi. Pofuna kukhala padziko madzi ndi wopindidwa mmodzi wa zipsepse pectoral, kotero kuti m'mphepete mutuluka ake kunja.

Ziwanda zam'nyanja zimadziwika kuti zimadumphira m'madzi. Mwanjira iyi, manti amatha kutalika kwamasentimita 150 pamwamba pamtunda. Mkokomo wa kugwa madzi pa lalikulu phokoso manta ngati bingu ndi amatha kumveka pa mtunda wa makilomita angapo.

Kodi nsomba za Manta ndi zilombo?

Manta sachita ukali chifukwa chake sikhala ndi vuto kwa osokera. Koma kukhudza khungu la otsetsereka kuti ali ndi spines yaing'ono, kuyambitsa maonekedwe a zimakhalapo ndi mikwingwirima. Kumbuyo kwa manti ndikuda ndipo m'mimba mwayera.

Izi chimphona chachikulu Angapezeke mu madzi otentha a m'nyanja osiyana ndi nyanja. Manti amakhala pamadzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amasambira munyanja.

Amayi amakhala ndi mano pakanthawi kotsikira, kukula kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi kukula kwa mutu wa pini.Mbali yam'mwamba ya mano iliyonse imakhala ndi malo osawoneka bwino okhala ndi ma groo ofooka. Mano awa sakukhudzidwa panthawi yolowa chakudya. Amatha kukwaniritsa zolinga zaukhondo, komanso ndizofunikanso pa chibwenzi.