1. Mbalame ya marabou ndi ya banja la mbawala.
2. Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimakhala ku South Asia, komanso kumwera kwa Sahara. Amakhala kumayiko otentha pomwe nyengo ndi yotentha koma yabwino.
3. Mosiyana ndi agulu ena, mbalame za mbalamezo zomwe zimayenda m'mlengalenga sizoluka khosi, koma zimakweranso ngati mbalame
4. Ngakhale maonekedwe osawoneka bwino, Aluya amalemekeza kwambiri mbalameyi, kuiona ngati chizindikiro cha nzeru. Izi ndi zomwe zidamupatsa dzina loti "marabu" - kuchokera ku mawu oti "mrabut" - ndilo dzina la wophunzira zamasilamu.
5. Mbalamezi zimagawidwa m'mitundu itatu - marabou aku India, African ndi Javanese.
6. Kutalika kwa mbalame zamtundu wa Marabu kumasiyana masentimita 110 mpaka 150, mapikowo - kuyambira 210 mpaka 250 centimeter. Kulemera kwa mbalame yotere kumatha kupitilira ma kilogalamu 8.
7. Thupi lam'mwamba ndi mapiko a marabu ndi akuda, mbali yakumbuyo ndiyoyera. Pansi pa khosi pali zoyera. Mbalame zazing'ono sizochepa motere kuposa okhwima.
8. Mutu uli ndi dazi, ndipo mulomo wawukulu komanso wokulirapo. Mu mbalame zazikulu, chikwama chachikopa chimapachikidwa pachifuwa. Khosi la pakhosi limalumikizana ndi mphuno, motero limatha kulowa m'mlengalenga ndikumapumula pomwe marabou amapumula.
9. Kusowa kwa madzi pamutu ndi m'khosi mwa mbalameyi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakudya kwake. Kupatula apo, mbalame za marabou zimadya zovunda, mwanzeru chilengedwe chidawalanda chivundikirocho kuti nthenga zisadetsedwe pakudya.
10. Monga nthumwi zonse za ma Ciconiiformes, marabou amakhala ndi mulomo wokulirapo wowonekera masentimita 30. Ndi "chida" chotere mbalame imasweka mosavuta pakhungu la nyama, komanso kumeza mafupa athunthu. Komanso marabou amatha kuyamwa makoswe, ena am'mimba komanso tizilombo.
African marabou
11. African Marabou ndiye membala wamkulu wa banja la Stork. Kuchokera pa dzinalo nthawi yomweyo zimadziwika kuti mbalameyi ndi mbadwa za ku Africa.
12. Kukhazikika kwawo ndi pakati komanso kumwera kwa Africa; mbalamezi sizimapezeka ku South Africa kokha. Amakonda kukhala m'matanthwe, mapiri a savannah, zigwa za mitsinje ndi malo a marshy. Sichikhala m'nkhalango ndi m'zipululu.
13. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo opezeka malo okhala pafupi ndi mizinda yayikulu. Mutha kukakumana nawo pafupi ndi nsomba ndi malo ophera, kumene kuli zinyalala zambiri za chakudya, zina zomwe zimapita ku marabou.
14.African marabou imatha kutalika ndi masentimita 150 kutalika ndi kulemera kwa kilogalamu 9. Wingspan - 2,5-3.2 mamita. Kutalika kwake, matupi awo amafikira mita 1.2-1.3. Palibe kusiyana kwakunja pakati pa akazi ndi amuna, kupatula kuti amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi.
15. Oimira mtundu uwu ndiabwino kwambiri, zakudya zokhazokha zomwe mbalame zimasamba ndikuyamba kudya. Ndipo marabou aku Africa nawonso sakonda kusamba.
Indian marabu
16. Marabou m'chilengedwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri: amadya mitembo, ndikuyeretsa dziko lapansi ndikupewa kuyambika kwa matenda ndi miliri.
17. Amathandizanso m'mizinda, momwe oimira ambiri a iwo otumphukira asonkhana pamiyala, akudya chilichonse chomwe angameze.
18. Maziko a mbalamezi ndi zovomerezeka, koma amatha kudya nyama yamoyo, ngati kukula kwa womenyedwayo kumalola kumeza nthawi yomweyo. Amatha kukhala anapiye a mbalame zina, achule, zala, zodzikongoletsera, nsomba, mazira.
19. Marabu khazikika m'midzi yayikulu. Osawopa kukhala pafupi ndi anthu, mwinanso njira ina yozungulira - nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimawoneka m'midzi, pafupi ndi zotayidwa, ndikulimbikitsa kuti mupeze chakudya kumeneko.
20. Ndi marabu ndi mimbulu yomwe imagwirira ntchito monga njira zachilengedwe. Katemera nthawi zambiri amabvula nyama yakufa, ndikung'amba khungu. Ndipo marabou, kudikirira mphindi yabwino, ndikugwira nyama yakufayo poyenda kamodzi, pambuyo pake amapitikiranso kumbali kuyembekezera nthawi ina yabwino.
21. Chifukwa chake, ankhandwe ndi marabou amadya nyama yonse, kusiya mafupa okhaokha padzuwa. Khama la mbalamezi limatsimikizira kuti nyama zamtundu uliwonse zizichotsamo zinyalala.
Javanese marabu
22. Javanese marabu, iyi ndi mitundu yomwe yasowa.
23. Marabou ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'malire. Amapeza malo awo, monga lamulo, pafupi ndi malo odyetserako ziweto zosiyanasiyana za artiodactyl, komanso pafupi ndi minda ndi ma landfill.
24. Chifukwa cha mbalame izi, miliri yosiyanasiyana ikupewa, zomwe zimayamba kuphulika apa ndi apo mu nyengo zamapiri izi.
25. Mbalamezi sizimachoka komwe zimakhala, komabe, zikafunafuna malo oti zikadyere, zimayendera limodzi - ichi ndi chowoneka bwino komanso chopatsa chidwi.
26. Zidzu za marabou m'malo ambiri. Mbalamezi zimamanga zisa kuchokera ku nthambi ndi nthambi. Pakatikati, chisa cha marabou chimakhala cha kuya kwa mita - 30 mpaka 40 cm.
27. Zapezeka m'makona a mitengo pamtunda wa pafupifupi 15-25 mita pansi. Nthawi zina, zisa zimakhala pamiyala.
28. Marabou amakula pazaka 4-5. M'nyengo yamvula, marabou amayamba nyengo yakukhwima, ndipo anapiye amasaka pofika nthawi ya chilala. Izi ndichifukwa choti nyama zambiri zimafa popanda madzi, ndipo nthawi yak phwando lenileni yafika ku Marabou.
29. Mphete zawo zimakhala ndi mazira awiri. Zonse zazikazi ndi zazikazi zimaswa mazira. Onsewo, amasamalira mbadwo wachinyamata mpaka ana awo atadzilamulira okha.
30. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Mbalamezi ndi makolo osamala, amabweretsa anapiye awo kwa nthawi yayitali, kudyetsa, kuteteza, kuteteza ndi kuphunzitsa. Pachisa, anapiyewo amakhala miyezi 4, pambuyo pake amayamba kuwuluka.
31. Pomwe anapiye ali mchisa, amadya chakudya chamoyo chomwe makolo awo amawabweretsa.
32. Ndiye kuti mbalame za marabou zaku Africa zimawuluka ndikuyang'anira nyama. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri m'malo odyetserako ziweto. Chimodzi chikangofa chiweto, mbalame za mkango zimasonkhana pomwepo.
33. Ku Kenya, ku Nairobi, mbalamezi zimakhala m'mizinda, kupanga nyumba pamitengo, ndipo palimodzi, awiriawiri, kuwaswa ana, osasamala phokoso ndi phokoso lozungulira.
34. Chiwerengero cha marabou aku Africa ali ndi anthu ambiri, motero sichowopseza chiwonongeko.
35. Komanso, mbalamezi zimagwira nsomba: marabou amakhala m'madzi osaya ndikutsitsa mulomo wosungunuka pang'ono kulowa m'madzi, nsomba zikafika mkatimo, mulomo umagunda ndipo marabou ameza nyama.
36. Chifukwa cha kukula kwakakulu, marabou nthawi zina amalolera kuti adye chakudya kuchokera kwa ang'ono, owopsa, olusa, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku chiwombankhanga.
37. Nthawi zina maraba amatchedwa mbalame yoyandikira chifukwa cha ulemu ndi mtundu wankhondo.
38. Pothawa, marabou amatha kutalika mpaka 4000 metres. Izi zikuwoneka zodabwitsa, poganizira kuti mbalame ya marabou ndiyoti imagwiritsa ntchito modekha, koma ndi mbalame yolemetsa, koma imawulukira modabwitsa.
39. Mukayang'ana mbalameyi ndipo simukuganiza kuti ndi luso lenileni pakuwongolera mafunde amlengalenga.
40. Pankhani ya zisa, marabou amasiyanitsidwa ndi nyengo yokondweretsa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti banja limakhazikika chisa chakale, chopezedwa "ndi cholowa", ndikungochikonza pang'ono.
41. Pali nthawi zina pamene marabou adakhala mbadwo kum'badwo wina m'malo amodzi zaka makumi asanu!
42. Mwambo waukwati wa marabou ndiosiyana kwambiri ndi malingaliro athu. Ndi akazi omwe amamenyera chidwi cha amuna omwe amasankha kapena kukana onyengawo. Izi zikachitika, amayenera kuteteza chisa chawo kwa alendo osawadziwa.
43. Amapangitsa maraba iyi ngati mawonekedwe a nyimbo, koma kunena zoona, mbalame izi siziri konse zaphokoso ndipo sizokoma.
44. Phokoso lomwe apanga limakhala longa kulira, kuwomba kapena kuwomba mluzu. M'zochitika zina zonse, phokoso lokha lomwe limamveka kuchokera ku marabou ndikugunda kwa milomo yawo yamphamvu.
45. Mimbulu ndi mpikisano waukulu wa mbalamezi, koma mbalame ya marabou sichingachite popanda marabou kuphera nyama yakufa. Ndi okhawo omwe amatha kuthana ndi kutsegula kwa nyama yakufa, chifukwa cha mulomo wawo wakuthwa.
46. Ku Kenya, ndi ku maiko ena a ku Africa, mbalameyi imatha kuwoneka ikuuluka m'mwamba ndikuyang'ana nyama.
47. Chilichonse chomwe chidalipo, koma m'maiko ambiri a ku Africa kuti akumane ndi maraba ndi chizindikiro choyipa. Amakhulupirira kuti mbalameyi ndi yoyipa, yachinyengo, yoyipa komanso yonyansa.
48. Ku Africa, mbalame za marabou zidadzaza mizinda yonse, sitingathe kuzipeza, simungazipeze kumalo osungirako nyama, ndipo zili ngati akhwangwala, koma sizingasinthe mu mzindawu, chifukwa ngakhale kuli mizinda yomwe ikubwera kumene, kuli zinyalala zambiri kumeneko.
49. Utali wonse wa mbalamezi kuthengo ndi zaka 22-25, zaka 3032 mu ukapolo.
50. Mwachilengedwe, mbalame za m'madzi zilibe mdani, koma kuchuluka kwa mitundu iliyonse panthawiyo sikungathe kupitirira 1000 chifukwa kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe kwawo.
Khalidwe
Marabou amakhala m'midzi yayikulu, yomwe amakhala ndi malo otseguka, zitsamba ndi nyanja, komanso amawonekera m'midzi yopanda zinyalala kuti akapeze chakudya kumeneko. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo zovalazo, achule, tizilombo, anapiye ang'ono, abuluzi ndi makoswe. Mlomo wamphamvu umakupatsani mwayi wopha nyama zing'onozing'ono, ndipo phukusilo limateteza zinyalala zina kuchokera ku mafinya ndi magazi ku mtembo.
Marabou atha kugwira nyama zomwe zimadyera, monga chiwombankhanga. Marabou amathanso kudya mazira ndi ana a ng’ona.
Kuswana
Tikamayamwa tiana m'makola, timayala chisa mkati ndi nthambi ndi masamba. Chisa chimakhala chamtali pafupifupi 1 mita, 20-30 cm, pamitengo 3 mpaka 40 m pamwamba pamtunda pamadontho. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira 2-3. Zonse zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimaswa mazira kuyambira masiku 29 mpaka 31. Mikwingwirima ya zaka pakati pa 95 ndi masiku 115 ndiyokhazikika.
Kugawa
- African Marabou ( Leptoptilos crumeniferus )
- Indian Marabu ( Leptoptilos dubius )
- Javanese Marabu ( Leptoptilos javanicus )
- Leptoptilos robustus -Munthu wokalamba womwe udakhala zaka 20-50 zapitazo pa chisumbu cha Flores. Munali kutalika kwa 1.8 m ndikulemera 16 kg. Kufotokozedwa ndi mafupa anayi am'munsi am'munsi komanso zidutswa za kutsogolo m'mapanga a Liang Bois.
Zolemba
- ↑Boehme R. L., Flint V.E. Mtanthauzira wamagulu awiri wa mayina a nyama. Mbalame. Latin, Russian, English, Germany, French. / kusinthidwa ndi Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M: Rus. lang., "RUSSO", 1994. - S. 26. - 2030 makopi. - ISBN 5-200-00643-0
- ↑Koblik E.A. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame (kutengera zomwe zatulutsidwa pa Zoological Museum of Moscow State University. - Publishing House of Moscow State University, 2001. - T. Gawo 1 (Gulu Class, Ostrich, Tinama-like, Penguin-like, Loon-like, Podgillous, brown-like, Pelican-like, Ciconiiformes, Flamingo-like, Goose- , Falconiformes) .- 384 mas. - ISBN 5-211-04072-4
- ↑ Encyclopedia yayikulu ya nyama. Moyo wa nyama. T. 1 Per. ndi iye. M: LLC "World of mabuku", 2002. - 192 p. - ISBN 5-8405-0155-7
- ↑Mwamuna wa Florentine amatha kukhala chakudya cha marabou chimphona - Sayansi ndi ukadaulo - Mbiri, zakale, paleontology - Paleontology - Wophatikiza