Nkhosa yam'tchire ndi imodzi mwa oimira wamkulu wa dziko nyama. artiodactyls amenewa amaonedwa makolo a nkhosa zoweta. Ngakhale iwo amene sanaonepo nkhosa yamphongo atha kuzizindikira ndi nyanga zake zozungulira.
Nkhosa yam'tchire Mountain Ram Khalidwe
nkhosazi Wild ili paliponse Europe ndi ku Asia Komabe, chifukwa kapangidwe zachilendo nyanga ndi ubweya wapatali odula, iwo ankasakidwa m'mayiko ambiri. Kuchulukitsidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa zinyama ndi anthu kwapangitsa kuti mitundu ina ya Mouflon yalembedwe mu Red Book. Lero, nyama amenewa anali mu nkhokwe ndi malo osungira nyama, komanso m'mayiko ena ali zimaŵetedwa kunyumba.
Zosiyanasiyana ndipo mitundu ya nyama
Mouflon ndi chinyama chamadzi chotchedwa artiodactyl, malo omwe nthawi zambiri ndimapiri. nkhosa amenewa amaonedwa makolo a nkhosa ndi wa mmodzi wa oimira kwambiri wakale wa dziko nyama.
Pali mitundu iwiri chachikulu cha mtundu umenewu, umene amasiyana kunja awo ndi malo:
- European mouflon,
- zakutchire Asian nkhosa yam'tchire kapena Arkal.
The European ogawika-hoofed mtundu amakhala m'malire lamapiri la nyanja ya Mediterranean, makamaka oimira ake padziko:
Mouflon waku Europe amakhala ku Armenia ndi Iraq. mtundu umenewu angathe kupezeka mu Crimea, kumene anali kunja ochokera m'mayiko kum'mwera. Nkhosa yam'tchire ndinazolowera Crimea nyengo, ndi kutsogolera moyo theka zaufulu mu nkhokwe. M'mayiko a ku Europe, amadziwika kuti ndi nkhosa yomaliza kukhala kumapiri komwe amakhala.
The Asian zakutchire nkhosa yosiyana ku mitundu European chake dongosolo chachikulu thupi, kuwonjezera, nyanga za nkhosa zamphongo kum'mawa zakutchire ndi wokhotakhota kumbuyo, osati mbali. Mungathe kusiyanitsa pakati European ndi Asia nkhosa yam'tchire ndi chithunzi.
Dera la kum'mawa kwa artiodactyl lili kum'mwera kwa Asia. Nkhosa yam'tchire akupezeka m'mayiko monga:
Arkal amadziwikanso pa dera la Kazakhstan, amene am'deralo ulemu artiodactyl izi. Nkhosa zam'madzi zimapezeka kumapiri a Mangyshlak ndi Ustyurt.
Mawonekedwe
European nkhosa yam'tchire moufrone (nkhosa), moufra (nkhosa) - nkhosa yakuthengo, mu mapiri atali wa Corsica ndi Sardinia yekha nkhosa yakuthengo mu Europe. Ndinazoloŵera ku Crimea. Chovala chimakhala chachifupi, chosalala bwino, chodukaduka pachifuwa, mbali yakumwambapo imakhala yofiirira nthawi yotentha ndi msana wakuda, chifuwa chofiirira nthawi yozizira, mbali yakumbuyo ndiyoyera, kutalika konse kwamphongo ndi 1.25 m, komwe masentimita 10 kutalika kwake, ndi kutalika kwa phewa 70 cm , wamwamuna ali wotukuka kwambiri wandiweyani, triangular mu mtanda gawo nyanga, mpaka masentimita 65 yaitali, ndi makutu 30-40, mwamuna kulemera 40-50 kg. Yaikazi mbandakucha, ang'onoang'ono ndi zambiri wopanda nyanga, nyanga za akazi imapezeka milandu zapadera, kenako ochepa.
Mapiri a Transcaucasian mouflon ndi nkhosa yamphongo kapena yocheperapo pang'ono. Msinkhu mapewa ndi 84-92 masentimita, kutalika thupi angafikire 150 cm. Unyinji wa amuna ndi 53-79 makilogalamu, ndi wa akazi 36-46 kg. nkhosazi Transcaucasian amakhala penapake lalikulu kuposa nkhosa. Thupi lawo ndi lamphamvu komanso laling'ono. nyanga lalikulu, spirally zopotoka, trihedral, mawonekedwe zosaposa zisinthe wina. nyanga ndi ndichotse woyamba kunja ndi mphambu, kenako kunsi, malekezero pang'ono anatembenuka mkati. Nyanga zazimuna zimasiyana kwambiri kutalika kwake komanso kukula kwake, kutulutsa kwake m'munsi ndi masentimita 21-30. Nyanga zazikazi ndizochepa, zopendekeka, zopindika pang'ono, nthawi zambiri zimakhala palibe. Pa nyanga, ambiri yopingasa makwinya ndi noticeable.
Chigaza amuna ndi 225-297 mm m'litali, akazi ndi 208-264 mamilimita ndi yochepa gawo kutsogolo. Fossa yamtsogolo ndi yakuya. M'litali njira tentha mthupi kuposa girth awo pa maziko a. Mu nsagwada m'munsi pali atatu zapambuyo-muzu mano mbali iliyonse.
Mtundu
M'chilimwe, Asia mouflon amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira kapena wachikasu ndi ubweya wamfupi. M'nyengo yozizira, mtundu ndi brownish, ndi bwino anayamba malankhulidwe ofiira ndi oyera. Mimba ndi mkati mwa miyendo ndi opepuka, ndi chikasu mtundu kapena zoyera. Pali gulu lakuda pokwerapo, lotchulidwa kwambiri mwa nyama zokulirapo. Pamodzi ndi underside wa khosi, nkhosazi Asian zambiri ndi manyenje a tsitsi lakuda bulauni ndi woyera. Young pups nkhosa yam'tchire okutidwa ndi zofewa ubweya wooneka imvi.
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February, mouflon waku Asia amayamba kusungunuka, nthawi zambiri kumatha ndi Meyi. Kuyambira May mpaka August pali yotentha hairline. Mu September, yozizira ubweya imayamba kuoneka, zomwe mpaka December limakula kwathunthu.
Kufalitsa
Mouflon wamtchire waku Europe adangokhala pazilumba za Corsica ndi Sardinia, koma zidakhazikika padera kum'mwera kwa Europe. Ndinazoloŵera ku Crimea. Iwo amakhala malo lotseguka ndi mpumulo pang'ono kuwoloka, otsetsereka yaulemu ya m'mapiri. Amasungidwa ndi ng'ombe zosakanizidwa, nthawi zina zazikulu kwambiri. Mu chilimwe, amuna ndi akazi moyo popanda. M'nyengo rutting, zomwe zimachitika mu kugwa, ndewu mpikisano akukangana amuna.
Mouflon waku Asia amagawidwa kuchokera ku Transcaucasia ndi madera akumwera kwa Turkmenistan ndi Tajikistan kupita ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India. M'dzinja 2018, a nkhosa yam'tchire anatulukira pa Ustyurt yachonde kumadzulo Kazakhstan.
Nkhosazi ndi munthu
Kusaka nyama zam'madzi zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira nthawi zakale. Wopambana acclimatization wa nkhosa yam'tchire European n'kofunika kwambiri sayansi ndi zothandiza, chifukwa angathe kuonjezera mitundu zikuchokera kusaka wapatali ndi nyama malonda. Nkhosazi kupereka nyama chokoma, khungu. Monga kholo la zoweta, msuzi umapangira pakati pa nkhosa zosiyanasiyana, ndikusintha mtundu wawo, chifukwa chake ikhoza kukhala njira yoyambira yophatikizira. Academician M.F. Ivanov, ntchito nkhosa yam'tchire ayipanga mtundu watsopano wa nkhosa - phiri merino, zomwe zimadya m'phiri msipu kwa chaka.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nkhosa yakuthengo
Artiodactyls amakonda njira yosamukasamuka. Njira gulu lawo zambiri anaika pakati mabowo madzi ndi msipu. Nyama amakhala wodekha lamapiri mtunda. Mosiyana ndi mbuzi zakutchire, ma Arkals amamva kukhala osatetezeka m'malo amiyala.
zamphongo Wild kukhala moyo usiku akugona mu madzulo m'zigwa phiri kapena nthandala nkhalango. Akazi ndi ana a nkhosa kulenga ng'ombe wa ku nyama 100.
Amuna amakonda kukhala pawekha, kumalumikizana ndi ng'ombe nthawi yakukhwima. Artiodactyls yodziwika ndi dongosolo okhwima masanjidwe: zaka amuna pansi 3 saloledwa amamuchitira ndi anthu akuluakulu ndi wopirikitsidwa.
Mu zam'tchire nyama zolusa achilengedwe:
Kwa nyama zazing'ono, nkhandwe kapena galu wamtchire imatha kukhala ngozi.
Artiodactyl kunja
Oimira mtundu European amakhala aang'ono kwambiri kuposa nkhosa. Ma Artiodactyl amtundu wamtunduwu ali ndi mawonekedwe:
- Kutalika wa nkhosa wamkulu ndi 90 cm, kutalika thupi pafupifupi 131 masentimita.
- Kulemera kwa mkazi malire 30 makilogalamu, aamuna zambiri umalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 50 chifukwa nyanga lolemera.
- M'badwo wa nyamayo imatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwamphamvu ngati mphete.
- Yaikazi zambiri hornless kapena ali ndi nyanga yaing'ono.
- Chovala ogawika-hoofed amasintha mtundu, malingana ndi nyengo pa chaka: mu chilimwe, hairline ali ndi mtundu wofiira, m'nyengo yozizira mthunzi kukuchita mdima.
Mouflon amadziwika ndi chingwe chakuda kumbuyo. Pamimba, mphuno ndi ziboda amakhala kuwala mtundu.
Oimira mtundu Asian ndi unyinji wochuluka dongosolo thupi, ndi ndevu pa nkhope ndi khalidwe la nkhosazi Chiameniya. Kunja kwa nkhosa yam'mawa imaphatikizapo izi:
- Kutalika kwa chinyama wamkulu ukufika 95 cm, ndi kutalika thupi 150 cm.
- Kulemera kwa mwamuna zimasiyanasiyana makilogalamu 53 mpaka 80, malinga ndi kulemera kwa malipenga. Zachikazi zimalemera makilogalamu 45.
- Nyanga za amuna ndi wokhotakhota m'mbuyo; iwo ndi awiri a ku masentimita 30 pa maziko a.
- Akazi ndi zambiri hornless.
Utoto wamafuta a Arkalov ndi wofanana ndi achibale aku Europe, komabe, mtundu woyera wa sternum ndi wofanana ndi mtundu wakummawa.
Wild nkhosa zakudya
Nkhosazi ndi herbivores, kotero mbali yaikulu ya zakudya zawo ndi monga chimanga chakudya ndi forbs. Nyama nthawi zambiri imapezeka pambewu, ndikuvulaza mbewuyo.
Alipidwa artiodactyl zakudya tichipeza zigawo izi:
- wobiriwira chakudya: nthenga udzu, tirigu udzu, sedge,
- zitsamba ndi mitengo yaying'ono,
- bowa ndi zipatso,
- Moss, ndere.
M'nyengo yozizira, artiodactyls amachotsa mizu yachomera pansi pa chisanu. Wormy zipatso, miimba anthu ofunika herbivores chifukwa iwo kupereka thupi ndi mapuloteni zofunika.
Artiodactyl kuswana
Akazi a Mouflon amafika kutha msinkhu zaka 2, zomwe zimawerengedwa ngati zotentha kwambiri pakati pa oimira ena a artiodactyls. Mimba kumatenga miyezi 5, kenako nkhosa imodzi kapena ziwiri amabadwa.
Ana kuima tsiku loyamba ndi kutsatira zimene zikukambidwa ng'ombe. Nthawi zambiri, kubadwa kwa ana kumagwera mu Marichi ndi Epulo, chifukwa ndikosavuta kubereka anaankhosa munyengo yotentha.
Wapakati moyo wa nkhosa zakutchire ndi zaka 15. nkhosazi European kawetedwe bwino mu ukapolo. Mosiyana ndi ku Europe, Mouflon wamtchire samakhala bwino ku malo osungira nyama.
Nkhosa yam'tchire ndi munthu
Mtundu European wa nkhosa yakuthengo ntchito mwakhama kuswana. Kutengera mtundu wamtunduwu, ziweto zatsopano zoweta zadulidwa, zomwe zimatha kuweta msipu wazaka zonse kumapiri. European ogawika-hoofed nyama ali kukoma zabwino, ndi khungu ntchito makampani kuwala.
M'nyengo yozizira, ndi hairline wa nyama ukhala wakuda ndi wandiweyani Choncho, malaya ubweya anapangidwa kuchokera nkhosazi m'mayiko kumpoto. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamakhalidwe abwino m'maiko ena, sikuti amangoyang'anira nyama zamtchire zokha, komanso ntchito yoweta nyama pamafamu.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Nkhosa yam'tchire - nyama ya nkhosa mtundu, ndi ruminant artiodactyls. Nkhosazi ndi achibale kwambiri a nkhosa yakuthengo. Nyama zonse zochokera ku mtundu wa nkhosa zamphongo zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imapezeka mwa oimira ambiri.
- kukula pa zinafota mpaka masentimita 65, akazi ndi masentimita mpaka 125 amuna,
- iwo konse (kapena kawirikawiri - pa mitundu ina) kusintha malaya awo, koma mtundu zimasiyanasiyana kuwala kwa pafupifupi wakuda,
- Amphongo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mozungulira khosi, ndipo nkhosayo imakhala yayikulupo, ndi ukulu wambiri,
- nkhosa nthawi zambiri kusokonezedwa ndi mbuzi, koma mbali chosiyana ndi kusowa kwa ndevu pa nkhope ndi nyanga yokhota kumapeto (mbuzi ali molunjika),
- zamphongo amakhala zaka 10-12,
- nkhosazo zikakhala ndi nyanga ndipo zimatulutsa zazitali, ndipo zazikazizo zimatalika.
Choona chidwi: Nthawi zina, mu nkhosa zamphongo akale, nyanga kufika anayesetsa kuti ayambe kutsatira malekezero lakuthwa mu chigaza, ndi kukula mu izo. Anthu ena kufa chifukwa nyanga zawo.
Kulemera kwa nkhosa kumasiyana - akhoza kukhala anthu wamba kukula mpaka 20 kg, ndi zimphona 200 kg. Pali mitundu mu mtundu, aliyense amene ali ndi nambala inayake DNA. Ngakhale kusiyana wambiri, mitundu akhoza interbreed. Ma genetics adagwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu kupeza ana abwinobwino kwambiri, ogwira ntchito bwino a zoweta, omwe ali ndi ubweya wambiri, nyama komanso munthu wodandaula.
Habitat ndi maonekedwe a nkhosa yam'tchire ya
The kholo la nkhosa akuti ndi zazing'ono nkhosa phiri, mouflon. Animal artiodactyls, nyama, ruminants, barnacles, a mbuzi subfamily ndi nkhosa.
Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu kumafikira mamita 0.9, kutalika kwa 1,3 metres. Kulemera kwa akazi okha za makilogalamu 30, aamuna amatha kulemera kwa makilogalamu 50, chifukwa kukula chidwi nyanga. nkhosa yam'tchire Age ndikosavuta kuzindikira powerengetsera mphete zake pachaka pa nyanga zake; zazimuna ndi zokulirapo komanso zopindika, pomwe zazikazi zimakhala zazing'ono, zooneka bwino komanso lathyathyathya.
Tsitsi la nyama ndi yochepa kusalaza, mtundu kusintha kwa nyengo, ali kulocha wofiira m'chilimwe ndi mgoza bulauni m'nyengo yozizira. Chilimwe ubweya chivundikiro kumatenga mpaka August, ndiye m'malo mwa coarser ndi zambiri Chimaona yozizira Baibulo.
Nyama imakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chosangalatsa, kuyambira kumutu mpaka mchira wamfupi, mzere wakuda woonda umadutsa msana wonsewo. Mphuno, kuchepetsa torso ndi ziboda, zoyera.
Kusiyanitsa pakati European ndi Asia nkhosa yam'tchire amene amatchedwanso Ustyurt mouflon kapena arkal. Pali ochepa kwambiri mbali zimasiyanitsa pakati pawo, wachibale Asian ndi pang'ono ikuluikulu ndipo, ndithudi, aliyense ali malo yake. Pama cartal, awa ndi Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan ndi Turkey. Ustyursky amakhala m'dera la Kazakhstan, m'chigawo steppe wa Ustyurt ndi Mangyshlak.
European-kalembedwe malo mu mapiri a Cyprus, Sardinia ndi Corsica zimapezeka pa Chiameniya mapiri ndi ku Iraq. Makamaka, zimalemekezedwa ndi anthu a ku Kupro, amasunga kuchuluka kwa mouflon, ndikum'pembedza, monga chizindikiro cha chilumbachi. Nthawi zambiri za pa ndalama ndi masitampu, Cyprus pankhani imeneyi si zosiyana, monga ndi anthu a Kazakhstan.
Amasamukira malingana ndi malo odyetserako ziweto, ndi madamu. Amakhala omasuka pamtunda wochepetsetsa wamapiri komanso kumapiri, m'malo amiyala samachita molimba mtima ngati mbuzi zamtchire. Kamodzi m'mphepete mwa kuphompho kapena miyala gorge, ndi nkhosa yam'tchire amakhala osatha kuchita chilichonse.
Ngati nyama akuona mavuto, izo mwamsanga muziyendayenda pamalo oonekera pamene opereka mokweza ndi lakuthwa phokoso chizindikiro. Mwachilengedwe, zolengedwa zazikuluzikulu zimatha kutchedwa adani a mouflon, chifukwa kwa achichepere, nkhandwe imakhalanso yangozi.
Video: nkhosa yam'tchire
nkhosa zonse ndi tsiku nyama zomwe Ndi mmene kwa herbivores ambiri, ngakhale usiku iwo akhoza pita otsika ku msipu pa udzu. Akazi omwe ali ndi ana amuna amapanga magulu aakazi a munthu mmodzi wamkulu. Koma amuna moyo monga gulu osiyana limene pali utsogoleri wolowezana kwambiri. Adzakhazikitse ufumuwu ndi kutalika nyanga (amene nyanga yaitali, mphamvu) kapena mothandizidwa ndi contractions. Amuna akuwonetsa mphamvu zawo pomenya nkhondo panyanga, nthawi zina nkhondo zotere zimafika pakufa kwa adani.
Mitundu yambiri ya nkhosa amakonda kukhala m'mapiri: miyendo yawo ndinazolowera ndi kayendedwe pa miyala ndi boulders, ndipo pali zolusa kwambiri ochepa kumeneko. Koma pali mitundu ya nkhosa moyo m'zipululu ndi steppes.
Mouflon Chakudya
Nkhosazi ndi herbivores, chakudya pa dzinthu ndi zitsamba zina, iwo nthawi zambiri m'zimene minda ya tirigu. Iwo amakonda zanthete za mitengo ndi zitsamba ndi zosangalatsa.
Zakudya zomwe nyamayi imadya zimaphatikizapo mbewu zamtchire ndi zipatso, makungwa ndi masamba a mitengo yazipatso, mababu a mbewu zina zomwe mouflon amatulutsa pansi. Iwo amakonda kupita ku malo kuthirira, nkhosa yam'tchire yamphongoamene amatha kumwa madzi amchere kwambiri.
Kubereka ndi moyo wautali
Animal nkhosa yam'tchire zimaswana mwachangu kuposa nthumwi zina zamtundu wa nkhosa, zimayamba kutha zaka ziwiri. Nkhosa yam'tchire akazi kubereka ana kwa miyezi pafupifupi isanu, kenako mwana munthu sabadwa, kupatula zambiri ziwiri kapena zambiri. Izi zimachitika March ndi April, pa tsiku loyamba la nkhosa yam'tchire Bakuman ali kale pa mapazi ake ndipo akudya ngakhale kudumpha. Kutalika kwa nyama ndi zaka 12 mpaka 17.
Nkhosa yam'tchire ndi ng'ombe nyama, akazi ndi ana a nkhosa moyo m'chigulu chiwerengero cha amene angafikire anthu 100. Mu autumn, pamene nthawi mating akuyamba, amuna adjoin iwo.
Pakadali pano, kulimbirana kwamphamvu ndikulimbirana kumenyera ufulu kuti uzindikiridwe ngati chinthu chachikulu mu gulu la ng'ombe, motero, kukhala ndi ufulu woyamba wamkazi, nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakati pa oyenererayo. nthawi yonse ya pachaka, amuna moyo zachilendo.
Nkhosa yam'tchire ndi nyama wakale kwambiri, kutchula koyamba za angapezeke mu zojambula mu Sahara chipululu ndi pachibwenzi ku zaka zikwi zitatu BC.Chosangalatsa kwambiri, ma mouflons owona, omwe ndi makolo a nkhosa zoweta ndi nkhosa, tsopano amakhala ku Corsica ndi Sardinia, ndipo Sahara ndiyotali kwambiri ndi malowa.
M'zaka zamakumi awiri, nyama idasinthidwa kusaka, kuchuluka kwa mouflons kunayamba kuchepa kwambiri. Koma iwo anakhala ankangofuna kupulumutsa mtundu nthawi ndi chifukwa, malo komwe ankakhala anamukwiyira kutetezedwa ndi nkhokwe zinalengedwa.
Nyama, baba wa nkhosa, kotero tsopano mu minda zambiri iwo akuyesera kuti accustom kuti njira aviary wa moyo. Makamaka omwe amabadwira mu ukapolo mouflonskusinthidwa kwa moyo kunyumba. Kulera mouflons sikovuta, aliyense oyambira angathane ndi izi popanda zovuta zambiri.
Gulani mouflon, Mungathe kufufuza malonda pa Intaneti. Kuti mupeze buku lomwe likuyenera, muyenera kuwerenga za zomwe zili muzolemba, zakudya zomwe munthu amazolowera, ndipo, nkhosa yam'tchire chithunzi ikhala mfundo yomaliza posankha chiweto.
Kugula ndi nyamayo zosowa si wotchipa, mtengo chinyama ranges ku rubles 15 100 zikwi, malingana ndi msinkhu ndi zikalata za munthuyo. Ubweya wa nyama samakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala ndi zina.
Mouflon, uyu ndiye nthumwi womaliza wamapiri a ku Europe. Ali wamanyazi kwambiri ndi wosamala, miyoyo okwera pa mtunda kufikako ndi mlenje kawirikawiri akhoza kudzitama za nyama.
nkhosa yam'tchire odula, Ichi ndi chinthu chotsika mtengo, chamtundu wapamwamba komanso chotentha, koma simungachipeze nthawi zonse chogulitsa. M'nyengo yozizira, mitundu nyama wandiweyani kwambiri ndi wandiweyani odula, ndi kuchokera kuti zinthu zodabwitsa analandira kuti atiteteze kwa nyengo yoipa.
The zamalonda anatengerapo mwayi Soviet academician M.F. Ivanov, adatulutsa mtundu watsopano wa nkhosa - mapiri a mapiri, powagwiritsa ntchito ngati mapiri atchire. Ndi ku merino ubweya, tsopano nthawi zambiri mungapeze osankhika zofunda, mabulangete, bedspreads ndipo, ndithudi, basi ndi zovala ofunda.
opanga zida zankhondo dzina la nyama, mouflon mfuti, Mkulu zamakono, kusalaza-inabala ndi kuleza barreled chida ndi malire yaikulu ya chitetezo.
Monga Dzina nyama yake, ndi zachilendo kwambiri mbali zambiri, mu maonekedwe ndi setifiketi mfundo mkati, ngakhale katiriji wapadera analengedwa mwachindunji chida ichi.
Kodi nkhosa yam'tchire moyo?
Chithunzi: Mouflon ku Russia
Mitundu iwiri ya mouflon imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, koma malo awo ndi malo okhala.
Nkhosa yam'tchire European kale chinthu kusaka, chotero lero, kuwonjezera nkhokwe, angapezeke mu malo zotsatirazi:
- chilumba cha Corsica. Izi ndi omasuka moyo malo kwa nkhosa zamphongo, kuyambira chilumba aphimbidwa ndi mapiri wofatsa mkulu, ali ndi gawo mwachilungamo lalikulu la nkhalango ndi madambo. Nkhosa imatha kupezeka pakatikati pa chilumbachi,
- Chilumba cha Sardinia, nyengo yotentha yophatikizira nyengo yotentha. Nkhosa zimakhala pachilumba chonsecho, koma makamaka kumapeto,
- resettlement yokumba zinachitikadi kum'mwera kwa Ulaya.
Mouflon wamtunduwu umakonda malo ammapiri, udawoloka madera ena - chifukwa nyengo yozizira imapita kumatanthwe, ndipo nthawi yotentha imapita kukafura pachidikha. Ng'ombe ya nkhosazi European angafikire mitu zana, koma onsewo ndi akazi. Amuna amalowa m'busa mu nthawi ya chilimwe ndi nthawi yachilimwe, nthawi yophukira, akakonzekera kumenyera ufulu wawo wokwatirana naye.
Mouflon waku Asia (kapena Transcaucasian) akhoza kupezeka m'malo otsatirawa:
- Transcaucasia
- Turkmenistan,
- Tajikistan,
- zilumba za nyanja yamchere. Nkhosa zimabweretsedwa kuno ndi omwe anasamukira kumayiko ena monga chakudya panthawi yomwe nthaka ikutukuka, koma anthu ena amatha kubereka ndikusintha nyengo yotentha.
- kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India.
Chochititsa chidwi: Mu 2018, mouflon waku Asia adapezeka pamapiri a Ustyurut ku Kazakhstan. Izi ndi malo achipululu mu phiri laling'ono, koma nkhosa bwinobwino ndinazolowera moyo m'dziko lino.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nkhosa yamphongo yamtchire imakhala. Tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kodi mouflon amadya chiyani?
Photo: nkhosa yam'tchire wamkazi
Dera lamapiri, lomwe mumakhala anthu ambiri ku Asia mouflons, mulibe masamba ambiri. Nkhosa zinaphunzira kupukuta mizu yomera ndikusaka chakudya pamiyala. Potengera kupezeka kwa madzi akumwa ndi chakudya, nkhosazi akhoza amasamukira ku malo malo.
Gawo lalikulu la zakudya za ma mouflons ndi:
- udzu wobiriwira,
- chimanga,
- mizu
- nthambi youma
- kubzala zipatso, mphukira,
- zipatso
- masamba a mitengo yazipatso.
M'nyengo yotentha, ma mouflons amadya kwambiri, chifukwa amafunika kulemera nthawi yozizira isanakwane, pomwe chakudya chimakhala chovuta kupeza. Mimba ya nkhosa yamphongo imatha kugaya mitundu yazomera yolimba, yofunikira makamaka nthawi yozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, amachepetsa thupi, amuna ena, omwe amakhala m'malo otsika kwambiri, samakhala m'nyengo yozizira chifukwa chosowa chakudya.
Nkhosa nthawi zina zimafikira kuminda zaulimi, komwe zimadyetsa tirigu ndi mbewu zina. Iwo mofulumira kunenepa pa iwo, koma mu nthawi yochepa gulu la nkhosa kungachititse kuti mbewu. Iwo mavuto ofanana zanthete kuti awonekere zigwa mu kasupe. Nkhosa zamphongo, zotsika kumapiri, zimadyanso mitengo yazing'ono ndi zitsamba, kukumba mizu.
Mouflons samamva kufunika kwa madzi, chifukwa amatha kumwa ngakhale amchere kwambiri - matupi awo amapanga mchere bwino. Choncho, nthawi zambiri kuthetsa m'madera ogwirira sangakhoze kukhala moyo wabwino chifukwa cha kusowa madzi.
Nkhosa yam'tchire Kufotokozera
Analemba wa nkhosa uyu kusamala kwambiri zakutchire aakulu nyanga kachigawo woboola pakati, zomwe anthu ofunika alenje ambiri ndipo amaonedwa zikho. Kukula kwa nyama yomwe ili mgululi zimatengera kukula kwake. Nyanga zazikulupo zimazindikira mphamvu zazikulu kuposa zachimuna. M'masamba ambiri, zazikazi zimakhalanso ndi nyanga, koma ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zazimuna. M'madera ena, akazi ambiri samakula.
Mouflon wamwamuna wamkulu si wamkulu kwambiri. m'malo mwake kutalika ndi za 0,75 m, m'litali ndi 1.2-1.4 m, mchira ndi za 10 cm yaitali, mutu wake ndi zazing'ono, okhwima wamwamuna ali kwambiri kuyambira nyanga, anawerama ndi pafupifupi munthu zisinthe, pa 40 cm yaitali. Kunenepa waumuna - mpaka makilogalamu 50. Mkazi wamkazi wa mouflon ndi wopepuka pang'ono komanso wocheperako, kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi 35 kg.
Mouflon amakhala ndi miyendo yolimba komanso thupi lamatupi lomwe limamuthandiza kuyenda mozungulira. Mutu wa nyama bwino moyenera ndi njila kwa thupi lake. Mtundu wapaubweya umati uyenera kupitiriza mutu wake kukhala watcheru.
M'masamba osiyanasiyana a mouflon, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amasiyana pang'ono, mtunduwo umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi nyengo, komanso pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Mphuno ndi mkati mwa makutu amakhala woyera. Miyendo ndi yayitali komanso yocheperako ndi mzere wakuda wokhazikika pansi pa mawondo. Nkhosa yam'tchire ali ndi mimba woyera ndi odula, amene zimasiyanasiyana mtundu kuchokera imvi ndi kulocha pabuka kuti zofiirira ndi khofi, pamene mwamuna European nkhosa yam'tchire ndi mdima mgoza ndi akazi ndi beige.
Nthawi zambiri nkhosa zamphongo zazitali zimakhala ndi utoto wokwera kwambiri wa tsitsi lalitali, lomwe limakhala loyera kummero, limasanduka lakuda pomwe limafikira kutsogolo. Mu subspecies kwambiri, nkhosa yam'tchire amuna komanso ndi opepuka chishalo malo akufotokozera ndi kukula kukula akamakula, ndi lamizeremizere wakuda kuti akuyamba pa theka nape, kumatenga pamodzi mapewa, akupitiriza pansi thupi ndi malekezero pa miyendo kunsana. Nkhosa yam'tchire ali zopangitsa lalikulu pansi maso, nthawi zambiri exude chinthu yomata.
Habitat
Monga lamulo, ma bouflon amakhala m'mapiri okhala ndi mapiri ndi zipululu, ngakhale ku Europe mouflons adayambitsidwanso m'malo a nkhalango. Amatha kupezeka pamtunda wamamita 3000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Iwo amakonda otsetsereka waulemu wa ranges mapiri ataliatali ndi kuchuluka oyenera pa chivundikiro, ndi ntchito phompho, malo otsetsereka zolusa kupewa.
Nkhosa yam'tchire moyo
Malamulo, Mouflons, monga lamulo, amadya m'mawa kwambiri ndi madzulo, kupumula masana pansi pa chitsamba kapena mwala wokutidwa, momwe umabisidwa bwino. anthuwa ng'ombe nyama kupanga ng'ombe sanali Kupititsa msipu pa udzu. Ngati chakudya zimasowa, ndiye iwo kudya masamba ndi zipatso. Malingaliro awo amakula bwino chifukwa nkhosazi zimadalira kuzindikira koyambirira ndikuuluka kuchokera kwa olusa, makamaka nyalugwe, nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe.
Nkhosazi kufika msinkhu pa usinkhu wa zaka zitatu, ngakhale amuna ndi chodziwikiratu kawetedwe kwa zaka zinayi anthu pampanipani ndi otsika kusaka. Akazi zambiri adzabereka mwana wa nkhosa mmodzi (nthawizina mapasa). Akazi okhala ndi ana a nkhosa amamatira pamodzi kwa anthu zana limodzi, amuna amangoyenda okha, amabwerera kubusa nthawi yakukhwima.
M'chaka, nkhosazi moyo mu Mzere wa nkhalango wosanganiza, mmene, kuwonjezera chakudya, komanso mthunzi. zamphongo Awa woyendayendawu mitundu imene kaŵirikaŵiri amayenda mu kufufuza malo atsopano kudya. M'nyengo yozizira, amasamukira kuti ukhale otentha kupewa otsika kutentha kwambiri ndi njala.
Mouflon ndi nyama yomwe ikuyenda usiku. Amadyetsa usiku wokha, akupita ku kapinga pafupi ndi nkhalangoyi. tsiku lonse iwo kubisala m'nkhalango, ndipo madzulo iwo kusiya m'misasa masana kukafunafuna chakudya. Nkhosazi msipu usiku wonse, ndipo m'mawa kubisa kachiwiri mu nkhalango.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
nkhosazi Kodi zingwe nyamazokhudzana ndi artiodactyls. Iwo ali achibale ndi makolo nkhosa ndi nkhosa. Kunja nkhosa yam'tchire kukumbukira za abale omwe ali pamwambawa, koma ili ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Chifukwa chake, kukula kwa nyamayo kumakhala kocheperako kuposa nkhosa zoweta, osapitirira mita imodzi m'litali ndi m'lifupi, kulemera pafupifupi kilogalamu makumi asanu. Mutu wa mouflon ndi wocheperako, khosi limadukiza pang'ono.
Makutu ndi ang'ono, ndipo maso a bulauni akuda. Thupi la nyama limakhala loonda komanso lokongola, chovalacho nthawi zambiri chimakhala chachifupi. Miyendo ndi yayitali komanso yopyapyala, koma yolimba kwambiri komanso yolimba. Mchira wake ndi waufupi kwambiri.
Mtundu wa ma mouflons, a akazi ndi a amuna, ndi ofanana: mithunzi yofiirira imakhalapo, pachifuwa tsitsi limakhala lakuda komanso lozama (m'malo awa limatha kukula ngati mawonekedwe a frill), miyendo imakutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera ndi lakuda, m'mimba mulinso loyera.
Chochititsa chachikulu cha ma mouflons ndi nyanga zawo zazikulu, zomwe zimayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi asaka. Nyanga za nyama zimenezi zambiri, angafikire ku 75 masentimita m'litali. Zazungulira mozungulira, zalunjika kumapeto. Nyanga zimatha kupindika kumbuyo kapena m'njira. Akazi alibe nyanga, kapena iwo ali ofooka chionetsedwe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kusiyanitsa pakati pa kulemera kwa zazikazi ndi zazimuna kumakwaniritsidwa makamaka chifukwa cha kupezeka kwamphongo zazimuna zazing'ono komanso zolemetsa zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera ma kilogalamu khumi mpaka khumi ndi asanu.
Amadya chiyani
Mu chilimwe, nkhosazi kudya msipu womera mu malo awo. Choyamba, amadya udzu, ndipo ngati sikokwanira, amasintha masamba obiriwira zitsamba. M'nyengo yozizira, amadya zina mwa mbewu zomwe amapeza pamwamba pa matalala; samadziwa kuyang'ana udzu wouma m'chipale chofewa. Akazi amakhala nawo malo bwino kudyetsa chifukwa thanzi lawo n'kofunika kwambiri kwa kuswana. Mu nthawi ino ya chaka, iwo kudya nthambi za tchire kum'mamatira kuchokera pansi chisanu, mphukira za mitengo, lichens mitengo ndi udzu zouma.
Mitundu ya Mouflons
Mouflons amabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana - zimatengera kwawo. Mitundu yotsatirayi imasiyanitsidwa:
- Europeanmouflon - amakhala ku Europe ndipo akuwoneka monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
- Transcaucasian nkhosa yam'tchire - Izi mitundu ndi akuluakulu pang'ono kuposa lina ku Ulaya, koma maonekedwe palibe pafupifupi osiyana.
- Wachifwambamouflons - Umenewu ndi mtundu wa nkhosa yam'tchire European, zomwe zinkachokera ku dera la Crimea kuposa zaka zana zapitazo ndipo anakwanitsa mizu pano.
- nkhosa yam'tchire Asian kapena arkal - mitundu si losiyana kwa Ulaya, kupatula malo wina ndi makulidwe zikuluzikulu.
- Chizolowezimouflon - Uwu ndi mtundu wina wa Asia mouflon omwe amakhala kumapiri a Kazakhstan.
- Chiarmeniamouflon - yosiyana kwa nthumwi lililonse ndi kukhalapo kwa zomera wandiweyani pa nkhope.
- Chikosikamouflon - Mtundu wa European mouflon wokhala pachilumba cha Corsica.
Monga mukuonera, mitundu yonse ya nkhosazi ndi pafupifupi chimodzimodzi anatomical dongosolo, koma chifukwa malo awo osiyanasiyana ali ndi mayina osiyanasiyana.
Kuberekera kwa Mouflon
Mouflons ndi polygynous, Amuna amalimbana okhaokha kuti apeze ulemu ndikupambana mwayi wokwatirana ndi akazi. The ulamuliro wa nkhosa yamphongo kudzadalira msinkhu wake ochuluka bwanji nyanga zake. Nkhondo pakati pa nkhosa zamphongo zazikazi zazikazi zazikazi sizimayambitsa kuvulala kwakukulu, ndipo wopambanayo sapwetekanso.
Nkhosazi kufika msinkhu wa zaka za 1.5 zaka. Akazi omwe ali ndi chaka chachiwiri cha moyo amatha kudzala ndi umuna, ndipo azaka 2 zakubadwa amatha kubweretsa mwanawankhosa woyamba. Amuna kuyamba amamuchitira pang'ono kenako - pa zaka 3-4. Ndili kale iwo wopirikitsidwa kwa akazi ndi amuna okhwima. Amapangana kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka nthawi yachisanu.
Mimba imatenga pafupifupi masiku 210, ndipo mu Epulo, mwana wamphongo mmodzi amabadwa. Masamba wamkazi wa ng'ombe pamaso lambing kubereka mu malo kwaokha. Mwanawankhosa akhanda athanso imani pa mapazi ake kwa maminiti angapo, ndipo posakhalitsa atabadwa amayamba kuthamanga. Mwanawankhosa amakondana kwambiri ndi amayi ake, amadya mphindi khumi ndi zisanu zilizonse. Pamene nkhosa kwambiri, akazi kubwerera ziweto. Kuyambira amuna ndi waudaniwo nkhosa, akazi kuwapewa.
Chiwerengero cha ma mouflons chikuchepa masiku ano, ndipo akuikidwa m'gulu la mitundu yomwe ili pangozi. nkhosazi European kukhala ndi chilombo kwa zaka 8, ndi kumalo osungira - mpaka 14, nthawi zina mpaka zaka 18 (m'mikhalidwe yabwino).
Moyo & Habitat
Nthawi zambiri nkhosa zamphongo ndi nyama zam'mapiri, choncho dziwani kumene nkhosazi moyo kukhala kovuta. Nyama amakopeka ndi moyo mu mitunda lamapiri steppes, koma sangathe kukhala pa ovuta phompho ndi olimbika mtunda, ngati mbuzi phiri kuchita.
Kukhazikika kwa nyama izi ndizochepa. Mouflons amagwirizanitsa magulu a anthu pafupifupi 100, makamaka aakazi, ana aankhosa aang'ono ndi ana aang'ono.
Amuna amakonda kukhala yekha ndi kukajowina gulu wamba chabe pa chisokonezeko kwa miyezi ingapo. Monga tanena malo a nkhosa yam'tchire ndi yaing'ono. Izi ntchito ndi zifukwa zingapo monga:
- Kukhalapo kwa akazitape omwe amafafaniza nyama chifukwa cha nyanga zake zamtengo wapatali, ubweya ndi nyama.
- Kulephera kumakhala m'mapiri komanso kumapiri.
- Kupezeka kwa steppe ndi moto wamitchi, chifukwa chomwe gulu limakakamizidwa kupita kumadera ena.
- Kupezeka kwa zilombo zolusa komanso adani kuti akhoza kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha nkhosa zam'tchire.
Mouflons amakhala ku Europe ndi Asia. Mitundu European makamaka populates zilumba monga Cyprus, Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia ndi Crimea. Pano, nyama izi zimalemekezedwa komanso kuyambira kale zomwe zimatchulidwa mu ntchito zosiyanasiyana zaluso. Ku Asia, mitundu ina imapezeka ku Armenia ndi Iraq, koma unyinji wa anthu amakhala gawo la Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan ndi Turkey.
Ndizofunikanso kudziwa kuti anyaniwa ndi nyama zosankhika - zimangoyendayenda, pofunafuna malo abwino okhala. Nthawi zina amatha kukhala malo amodzi osapitilira masiku angapo kenako ndikupitiliza ulendo wawo.
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ziŵerengerozi, tsopano ali otetezedwa mwapadera kumalo osungira zachilengedwe ndi malo opatulikirako, komwe anthu amapanga zikhalidwe zapadera kuti abwezeretsenso kuchuluka kwawo.
Phindu ndi mopweteka wa nkhosazi
Kwa anthu, ma mouflons sakhala pangozi. Mukaswana nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito mtundu wa ku Europe. Pa maziko ake, Mitundu nkhosa anali ayipanga, angathe msipu paphiri msipu chaka chonse. European nkhosa yam'tchire chikopa ntchito makampani kuwala, ndipo nyama yake ali kukoma zabwino.
Zowopsa za demokalase
Mouflons akuwopsezedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ulimi ndi ulimi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero chawo ndikugawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, osagawanika. Kugwiritsa odyetserako moyandikira awo, chifukwa cha kukula kwa kuswana nkhosa, zinachititsa kukokoloka, womwe zinachititsa kuti kuchepetsa malo oyenera a mitundu.
Tizirombo ndi matenda opatsirana ziweto, nkhosa makamaka m'banja, loopsa kwambiri m'madera ambiri. Achiwembu amadyera nkhosa zamphongo zachikulire chifukwa cha mtengo wa nyanga zawo ngati zifaniziro, ndipo pobadwa nthawi zina amakopa anaankhosa kuti apange ziweto.
Mouflons nthawi zambiri amalowetsedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa maulalo amtundu waku North America, koma mouflons osachedwa samasakidwa kawirikawiri, monga lamulo, mtunduwo umawoloka ndi nkhosa zapakhomo kuti upangire nkhosa zosowa zambiri komanso zapadera za asaka.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Photo: Crimea nkhosa yam'tchire
Nkhosazi, monga mitundu ina ya nkhosa, moyo m'chigulu cha ku mitu zana. Ziweto ndi zazikazi ndi anaankhosa. Palibe wolowerera m'busa uyu; anaankhosa amaleredwa osati ndi amayi awo okha, komanso ndi nkhosa zina. Amuna moyo mosiyana ndi akazi mu gulu laling'ono.
Chidwi mfundo: Mu Transcaucasia, nkhosa zamphongo amatchedwa "moufrone", ndi mkazi wotchedwa "moufre".
Utsogoleri wamagulu achimuna ndi osiyana ndi gulu la akazi: pali alpha yomwe imasunga nkhosa zonse kuti zigonjere. Pambuyo pa alpha, pali nkhosa zamphongo zingapo zomwe zimakhala ndi gawo lotsatila lolamulira - ndi zina zotero ku gulu la omega. Monga ulamuliro, izi ndi nkhosa yamphongo kapena anavulazidwa ndi odwala anthu, komanso nkhosa zamphongo kuti chifukwa ena ataya nyanga.
Nyanga ndi chizindikiro cha chuma chawo mwa nkhosa. Ngakhale nkhosa yamphongo yakale yokhala ndi nyanga yofalikira, imakhala ndi mbiri yabwino pagululo. Nkhosa zimakonzekera ndewu nthawi ya chikondwererochi, ndikatsimikiza kuti ndani amene ali ndi ufulu wokwatirana ndi wamkazi. Nkhosa wamphamvu adzakhala manyowa chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha nkhosa, pamene anafooka sadzakhala ndi ufulu amamuchitira konse.
Nkhosa okha ndi bata ndi manyazi nyama zomwe Ndi mmene kwa herbivores. M'nyengo yozizira, akakumana ndi zoopsa, ngakhale abambo amphamvu angasankhe kuthawa, pokhapokha akakakamizidwa, kumenya nkhondo ndi mdani. M'nyengo yozizira, nyamazo zimakhala zofooka chifukwa chosowa chakudya, chifukwa zimabisala m'malo a mapiri kuti sizikumana ndi anthu ambiri omwe amadya.
Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, nkhosa zamphongo amakalipa, ndi ngozi alankhule nawo. Nthawi kwambiri mokwiya zidzachitika zikufuna, pamene amuna nkhondo lamanja kapena yaimuna. Akazi nthawi zonse amakhala amantha, koma ngati ngozi ikuwopseza mwanawankhosa, amatha kubweza mdaniyo. Amphongo a mouflon sateteza ng'ombe mwa njira iliyonse, chifukwa chosowa mtsogoleri m'modzi, nkhosa zamphongo zimangoyenda mozungulira, kusuntha ndikumwa madzi ndi chakudya.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Photo: Chiameniya nkhosa yam'tchire
Pa nyengo rutting, gulu la amuna nkhosa yam'tchire wakumana ndi gulu la akazi pa mtunda mosabisa. Pamenepo, amuna amayamba zokongoletsera za ufulu wakukwatirana ndi akazi. Zikondwerero ndimamenya momwe amuna awiri amagundana ndi nyanga za wina ndi mnzake. Kapangidwe a Chigaza awo zimawathandiza kulimbana choopsa kwambiri popanda vuto kwa wamanjenje dongosolo ndi ubongo. Nthawi zina ndewu zimenezi ndi oipa kwa amuna wofooka, iwo akhoza kulandira anavulala kwambiri kapena kufa. Komanso, nthawi zambiri pamakhala ma mouflons amalumikizana ndi nyanga ndipo sangabalalikire.
Mpikisanowu umayamba nthawi zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo okhala mouflon - ukhoza kukhala Marichi-Epulo kapena ngakhale Disembala, ngati nyamayo sikhala kumalo ozizira. Akazi anawagawa ng'ombe yaing'ono ya anthu 10-15, limene 4-6 amuna kubwera. Pamaso colliding ndi nyanga, amuna kumwazikana kwa mtunda wa mamita 20 ndipo adzawombana ndi mzake pa liwiro lalikulu. Nthawi zambiri, samakhala wamphamvu amene amapambana, koma yolimba, chifukwa nkhondo zotere zimatha.
Zazikazi zimatha kutha msinkhu pachaka chimodzi ndi theka, ndipo amuna azaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Ngakhale amuna amene sanalandire udindo wa amphamvu ndi ambiri kupirira nawo mwayi amamuchitira, chifukwa pambuyo "thupi" nkhosa si kuchotsedwa ng'ombe. pregnancy wa nkhosa kumatenga za miyezi isanu, koma mwamuna satenga mbali iliyonse mu chisamaliro cha mkazi kapena kusamalira mbewu - nkhosa sapeka mabungwe mitala.
Yaikazi imabweretsa kamwana kamodzi kapena kawiri, kamene pamaola awiri oyamba amoyo imatha kuyimirira. Kwa milungu inayi yoyamba, mwanawankhosa amadya mkaka, koma amatha kudya zikhalidwe zofewa zamasamba. Pa zaka zitatu, nkhosa yamphongo kusiya gulu la akazi ndi zatenga malo mu ufumu wolowezana wa gulu la amuna.
Choyamba, nkhosa wamng'ono akhalabe mwa Omega, kutenga malo a kuthungo mu utsogoleri wolowezana. Koma amatha kumenyana ndi nkhosa zamphongo kuti atenge malo awo ndikukwera masitepe angapo. Pafupifupi, nkhosa zimakhala kuthengo pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, koma mu ukapolo, chiyembekezo cha moyo chimatha kufikira zaka 10-15.
Adani a nkhosazi
Photo: Transcaucasian nkhosa yam'tchire
Kutengera ndi malo, adani a mouflons ndi osiyana.
Ma Asia mouflons angakumane:
Monga mukuonera, ambiri a ogwirira ndi felines, okhoza kukwera miyala ndi kupeza kuti nkhosa zamphongo mu malo otetezedwa.
Adani a nkhosa yam'tchire European ali motere:
- Sardinian Lynx
- Sardinian dholi (zotsekera),
- nkhandwe,
- martens
- Nthawi zambiri nkhosa zimatha kuthamangira m'mimbulu.
Mouflons kumadera a ku Europe amatetezedwa ku nyama zomwe zimadya nyama, chifukwa kusaka kumalepheretsedwa ndi mapiri omwe amakhala ndi nkhosa zamphongo.
mbalame zikuluzikulu zodya nyama, zomwe kokani nkhosa wongobadwa kumene, komanso ndi kuopseza, akuti:
Nkhosazi sangathe kulimbana kumbuyo adani. Nyengo yamapeto yokha, amuna omwe akuchita ukali amatha kuukira adani omwe ali pagululo. Zachikazi siziteteza ana, ndipo zikavuta, ng'ombe zimakonda kuthawa wowukira. Chotero kuthedwa nzeru zoteteza ndi moyenera ndi mbiri lalifupi Nthawi ya bere mwa mitundu yonse nkhosa, komanso ndi fecundity mkulu wa nkhosazi - ng'ombe imodzi Ndi mmene kwa nkhosa zamphongo, ndi nkhosazi akhoza kubweretsa awiri kapena itatu.
Zosangalatsa
Nkhosazi ndi nyama wapadera, kotero pali nambala yaikulu mfundo zosangalatsa ndi zachilendo wokhudza. Tsoka ilo, pakati pawo palinso achisoni achimwemwe.
- Nyangankhosa yam'tchire Iwo ali a mtengo wapatali padziko lonse, posachedwapa anthu opha aononga za sate pa zana a anthu okwana nyama. Ndipo zonsezi kwa nyanga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zikho. Komanso, khungu ndi nyama ya nyama iyi ilibe phindu lililonse.
- Nkhosazi zalembedwa mu World Book Red ndipo ndiotetezedwa ndi nkhokwe chikhalidwe ndipo malo.
- nkhosazi Female angathe kuswana pa zaka imodzi ndi theka zaka ziwiri ndi chimbalangondo mbewu palibe miyezi yoposa isanu. Nthawiyi ndi mbiri pakati pa oimira gulu lonse la nkhosa ndipo limapangitsa kuti ma mouflon abwezeretse chiwerengero cha anthu mwachangu kwambiri.
- Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti kuphatikiza mitundu ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopulumutsira anthu. Choncho, anachita kuyesera, chifukwa cha chinthu chongopeka pakati ndi wamkulu nkhosa anabadwa, amene anakhala pafupi miyezi isanu. njira yosungira nkhosazi ndi kuwonjezeka chiwerengero chawo chimachititsa ambiri mikangano sayansi zikuyenela pakati pa anthu a mibadwo yosiyana.
- Mouflons ndi nkhosa yokhayo yomwe siponya nyanga zake.
- Ku Kupro, chithunzi cha ma bouflons chimapangidwa ndi ndalama.
- Nthawi zina munthu amene amatha kukhumudwitsa anthu ena iye ndi khalidwe lake amatchedwa nkhosa yam'tchire. Komabe, dzina ili mwamtheradi kugwirizana ndi nthumwi izi za nkhosa zamphongo.
Kusamalira ndi kukonzanso mouflons kunyumba
Posachedwa, kusamalira nkhosa pamafamu, nyumba ndi magawo othandizira zakhala zinthu zachinyengo. Anthu kawetedwe nkhosazi kuonjezera makhalidwe awo chuma chidwi ndi kawetedwe kwambiri kupirira mbewu.
Komabe, mosiyana ndi nkhosa zina, nkhosazi pali zinthu zingapo zofunika zenizeni, ndi kugwilizana ndi amene amasankha n'zotheka kusunga nyama kunyumba. Popeza m'mafamu amatha kusungidwa m'makoma, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa pokonzekera:
- Zakudya za Mouflon (muyenera kudziwa zomwe nyama izi zimadya ndi kuchuluka)
- Kusowa kwa adani ndi ogwirira kuti ankatha kuopseza chitetezo ng'ombe ndi,
- Kukwanitsa nyama kusuntha, ndiye m'dera la mpanda sayenera zosakwana mahekitala ochepa (anthu khumi ndi mahekitala a dziko chofunika),
- Kuthekera kwa kubereka kwa mbewu, ndiye kuti, mu gulu la atatu kapena anayi, wokhoza kubereka ana, wamkazi ayenera kukhala ndi wamphongo mmodzi.
Komanso mu aviary muyenera kukhalapo:
- Permanent chakudya odzazidwa nkhosa yam'tchire feeders,
- Zinthu zochitika Chowona Zanyama ndi mayeso,
- Zinthu zofunika kuperekera madzi nthawi zonse kapena malo osungira,
- Hay odyetsa
- Akutsutsa ndi slimes brackish,
- Nyumba pansi amene nkhosazi angathe kubisala kwa nyengo.
Zikhazikikazo pazikhala padothi louma komanso lamiyala kuti nyama zizimva bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito waya wotchinga popanga mipanda sikuvomerezeka, popeza ma mouflons amatha kuvulazidwa nazo. Izi yochepa ya mavuto nkhosazi akhoza kukhala mwamtendere kunyumba.
Nkhosa yam'tchire Makulidwe
Phiri la Transcaucasian mouflon limakula kukula kuposa ma mouflons ena, amakula mpaka 80-95 masentimita kufota ndi 1.5-mita kutalika ndi kufika 80 makilogalamu. Mouflon waku Europe amawonetsa miyeso yocheperako - thupi lamamita 1.25 (pomwe 10 cm imagwera mchira) ndi mpaka 75 masentimita pa kufota ndi kulemera kwa 40 mpaka 50 kg. Kutalika kwa nkhosa yam'tchire wa ku Kupro pafupifupi 1.1 mamita ndi kutalika pa zinafota wa masentimita 65 70 ndi kulemera lenileni la makilogalamu 35.
Utali wamoyo
Nkhosazi, kaya subspecies ndi kukhala ndi masoka pafupifupi 12-15 zaka. Ndianthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti nyanga zake zolemera ndizomwe zimayambitsa kutalika kwa maphunzirowa. Amakhala ndi m'mafupa opanga maselo am magazi. Iwo amanyamula mpweya thupi lonse, popanda imene nkhosa yam'tchire kuti suffocate mu mapiri, pamene pali woonda kwambiri mpweya. The apamwamba nyamuka, m'pamenenso mafupa chofunika ndi kovuta nyanga ayenera kukhala.
Kugonana kwamanyazi
Mutha kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndi kukhalapo / kusakhalapo kapena kukula kwa nyanga, komanso kulemera ndi kutalika kwa nyamayo. Akazi ndi opepuka osati ndi opepuka kuposa amuna (kulemera kawiri kapena wachitatu zochepa), koma nthawi zambiri iwo ali wopanda nyanga. Nyanga za nkhosa yam'tchire wamkazi kukula kwambiri kawirikawiri, koma kenako iwo ali ochepa.
Amphongo a ku European mouflon amatha kudzitama kuti ndi wandiweyani (wokhala ndi zikutiro 30 mpaka 40) ndi nyanga zazing'onoting'ono pamtanda mpaka mpaka 65 masentimita. Nyanga zazitali komanso zazitali zomwe zimayenda nthawi zambiri zimavalanso ndi nzika za ku Kupro.
Nyanga za amuna a nkhosa yam'tchire Transcaucasian zosiyanasiyana massiveness ndi kutalika, komanso girth pa m'munsi, kuyambira masentimita 21 mpaka 30. Nyanga za zazikazi ang'ono, pang'ono n'njokhota ndi flattened, ndi makwinya ambiri yopingasa, koma nthawi zambiri iwo ali kwina.
Habitat, malo okhala
Mouflon amapezeka kuchokera ku Transcaucasia ndi madera akumwera a Tajikistan / Turkmenistan mpaka Nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India. European mouflon amakhala kuzilumba za Sardinia ndi Corsica, komanso kumwera kwa kontinenti ya Europe, komwe adayambitsa.
M'dzinja 2018, a nkhosa yam'tchire anapeza kumadzulo Kazakhstan (Ustyurt chikweza). Nkhosa yam'tchire Transcaucasian amadyetsa m'madera lamapiri la Azerbaijan ndi Armenia (kuphatikizapo Chiameniya okwera), kufika Zagros phiri dongosolo mu Iran, Iraq ndi Turkey.
Kuphatikiza apo, nyamazo zimayambitsidwa m'mafamu osakira aku US. Nyama zimabweretsedwa Kumpoto ndi South America kuti akazisake.
Pali njuchi ka nkhosazi pa Islands Kerguelen mu gawo kum'mwera kwa nyanja ya Indian Ocean. Mu Cyprus, ndi subspecies kuderako amakhala - ndi wa ku Kupro nkhosa yam'tchire. Malo omwe amakhala ndi mapiri. Mbuzi zamphongo (osati mbuzi) sizimakonda mapiri amiyala, zimakonda malo opanda phokoso okhala ndi mapiri ozungulira, phiri komanso malo otsetsereka.
Nkhosazi kwa chete kuli kufunika wabwino ziweto ndi view lonse, komanso moyandikana wa dzenje kuthirira. migrations nyengo ndi zachilendo mitundu ndi zimachitika kawirikawiri, koma kayendedwe ofukula za anthu zasonyezedwa.
M'nyengo yotentha, nkhosa zamphongo zimakwera m'mapiri, momwe mumakhala masamba ambiri obiriwira komanso mpweya wozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zam'madzi zimatsika m'malo otentha, kumene kumatentha. Mu zaka youma, ng'ombe zambiri amayendayenda kukafunafuna chakudya ndi chinyezi.
Nkhosa yam'tchire zakudya
M'nyengo yotentha, nyama zimapita kubusa kukayamba kutentha, ndipo zimangosiyira pang'onopang'ono. Mouflon, monga nkhosa zina, ndi wa herbivores, chifukwa udzu ndi chimanga ndizambiri pazakudya zake. Akungoyendayenda kwa minda alimi, ng'ombe ya nkhosazi zakutchire Kudya tirigu (ndipo dzinthu ena) ndi kusangalala ndi kuwononga mbewu.
Masamba ena ali nawo m'chilimwe zakudya nkhosa yam'tchire:
- udzu ndi nthenga,
- zipatso ndi bowa,
- Moss ndi ndere
- fescue ndi udzu tirigu.
M'nyengo yozizira, nkhosa zimayesetsa kudyera m'malo opanda chipale chofewa, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kuti udzu wouma, kapena mizere yozizira chifukwa cha matalala ndi ayezi. Sakonda makamaka phunziro lomaliza, choncho ma mouflons amatha kusinthana ndi nthambi kapena udzu pakhungwa.
Iwo amapita ku malo kuthirira dzuwa litalowa ngakhale ndi isanayambike usiku, pambuyo pake iwo mpumulo, ndipo ndi kunyezimira woyamba wa dzuwa kumwa ndi kuwuka mu mapiri. Nkhosazi amadziwika luso lawo kuzimitsira awo ludzu osati ndi watsopano, komanso ndi mchere madzi.
Kumenyera akazi
Mouflons siamwazi wamagazi, ndipo ngakhale kumenyera mtima wa dona, samabweretsa milandu kuti aphe kapena kuvulala kwambiri, kudzipangitsa kuti awonetse kukhala apamwamba. Chinthu chokha amene agonjetsa duelists amene ataya maso awo titadziwa m'chikondi atikhaulitse ndi kugwera mu ukapolo wa chilombo kapena kukhala wosaka mpikisano.
Pa nyengo rutting, nkhosazi kusunga m'chigulu yaying'ono zolinga 10-15, pamene pali angapo amuna okhwima, pakati zomwe ndewu m'dera chichitike. Mbuzi zamphongo zimasunthira pafupifupi 20, kenako zimathamangira wina ndi mzake, kugogoda pamodzi ndi nyanga zopota kuti zomwe zimawombedwa zigawike 2-3 km.
Zosangalatsa. Nkhosazi nthawi interlock ndi nyanga, abut kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo nthawizina kugwa, kupanga mtundu wa kubuula. Mwa mphamvu, amuna kusiya kumenya nkhondo, kuyambiranso pambuyo yopuma.
Koma, mosasamala kanthu za zotsatira za ulendowu, nkhosa zamphongo zonse zili ndi ufulu wophimba zazikazi zoyenda, zonse zogonjetsedwa (zomwe palibe amene amazichotsa pagululo) ndi iwo omwe apambana. Azimayi nthawi yayitali kwambiri amakhala odekha komanso odekha akuwona kumalizidwa kwa ubale pakati pa amuna.
Naye, anabvomereza kuti khalidwe thupi ngati nkhosa iliyonse - ndi kukhuluma yofewa nthawi zonse motere wamkazi, akusisita khosi lake m'mbali mwa mwamuna wake ndi kuyesa kubisa ake. Kumapeto kwa nyengo kuswana, amuna nthaŵi zambiri amakhalabe ng'ombe, m'munsili akazi awo mpaka masika.
Kubala mwana ndi ana
Nyama yaikazi (monga nkhosa yoweta) imabala ana kwa miyezi isanu. Ana a nkhosa oyambirira amabadwa ndi mapeto a March, koma ambiri a kubadwa kumachitika mu theka lachiwiri la April kapena zoyambirira za May.
Atatsala pang'ono lambing, masamba wamkazi ng'ombe kupeza malo mosatekeseka azikhala mu placers miyala kapena m'zigwa. Nkhosa imabereka ana a nkhosa awiri, ochepera kwambiri - imodzi, itatu kapena inayi.Poyamba, anaankhosa alibe thandizo, sangathe kutsatira amayi awo, ndipo pangozi sathawa, koma kubisala.
Pakatha sabata ndi theka atabadwa, amalimba mphamvu kuti apite ndi mayi kukaweta kapena kukapanga watsopano. Kuyimbira amayi, amalira, ngati ana a nkhosa. Akazi amawadyetsa mkaka mpaka Seputembara / Okutobala, pang'onopang'ono (kuyambira mwezi umodzi) kuwaphunzitsa kutsina udzu watsopano.
Kulemera kwa mouflon wazaka chimodzi kumakhala kofanana ndi 30% ya kuchuluka kwa munthu wamkulu, ndipo kukula kumapitilira pang'ono 2/3 pakukula kwake. Kukula kwacinyamata kumakula mpaka zaka 4-5, koma kumapitilira kukula motalika komanso kulemera mpaka zaka 7.
Ntchito zolerera ana mouflons sadzuka asanakhale wazaka 2 mpaka 4, koma anyamata achichepere sanayerekeze kupikisana ndi anzako achikulire, chifukwa chake satenga nawo mbali pakusaka kwa zaka zina zitatu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Mouflon wakhala chinthu chofunikira kwa alenje (makamaka osaka) chifukwa cha nyama yake yokoma, yopanda nyama, khungu lozizira, ubweya wosalala komanso nthawi zonse, nyanga zopindika. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, inali nyanga zomwe zinakhala chifukwa chachikulu chothamangitsira anthu 30% mwa nyama zonse.
Mndandanda Wofiyira wa IUCN ukuphatikizapo imodzi mwazosankha za Ovis orientalis mouflon (European mouflon). Chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi chikuchepa, ndikupangitsa kuti Ovis orientalis azindikire kuti ali pangozi. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kayendedwe ka anthu osungidwa mouflon:
- kuwononga chilengedwe,
- chilala komanso nthawi yozizira.
- mpikisano ndi ziweto zodyetsa / madzi,
- mikangano yankhondo kumalo okhalamo,
- poaching.
Ovis orientalis adalembedwa mu CITES Appendix I (pansi pa mayina O. orientalis ophion ndi O. vignei vignei) mu Appendix II (pansi pa dzina la Ovis vignei).
Ku Afghanistan, Ovis orientalis imaphatikizidwa pamndandanda woyamba (womwe unakhazikitsidwa mu 2009) wamitundu yotetezedwa ndi boma, zomwe zikutanthauza kuletsa kusaka ndi kusaka nyama mouflons.
Masiku ano, mapiri a Transcaucasian mapiri amatetezedwa ku Ordubad National Park (Azzerani) ndi Khosrov Reserve (Armenia). Masabusikiriponi amaphatikizidwa ndi Red Red of Azzeran ndi Armenia. Kuphatikiza apo, nazale idakhazikitsidwa ku Armenia kuweta nkhosa za Transcaucasian ndipo ndizoletsedwa kuzisaka kuyambira 1936.
Komanso, Zoological Institute of Armenia yapanga pulogalamu yowasungira ali mu ukapolo. Asayansi apereka malingaliro angapo:
- munthawi yochepa kuti mudziwe mtundu wamtunduwo (ndikuwerengedwa kolondola kwa anthu),
- kukulitsa malo osungirako Khosrovsky posungira madera omwe anaperekedwa kwa nkhosazi,
- perekani tanthauzo la boma la Ordubad,
- sinthani / chotsani zoyeserera,
- kuwongolera ziweto.
Ku Iran, kuyang'aniridwa kwapadera ndi boma ndi Ovis orientalis gmelinii (Armeni mouflon). Oimira mabungwewa amakhala m'malo 10 otetezedwa, malo osungirako nyama zakuthengo 3, komanso kumalo osungirako nyama amtundu wa Lake Urmia.
Pamodzi ndi izi, zigawenga zakupsa zomwe zimatsutsana ndi Armage mouflon zimapezeka m'malo opezeka dziko limodzi, malo otetezedwa komanso malo amodzi osungirako. M'malire a malo otetezedwa, kudyetsa ziweto kumayendetsedwa mosamalitsa, ndipo kusaka mouflon (kunja kwa madera awa) kumaloledwa kuyambira Seputembara mpaka February ndipo kokha ndi chiphatso.