Thupi la kachilombo kameneka ndi lalikulu, lofiirira, la bulauni kapena lamaso achikasu, ndipo limakhala ndi marble. Thupi la kachiromboka, komanso lofanana ndi chiwombankhanga, lili ndi chivundikiro. Kutalika kwa nsikidzi ndi 10 - 12 mm, m'lifupi ndi 6 - 7 mm. Pafupifupi thupi lonse la cholakwika chimakutidwa ndi scutellum yayikulu, mpaka kumapeto pamimba. Maonekedwe a bug ndiwopezeka kwambiri ndipo amagwirizana ndi dzina "bug".

Chingwe cholumikizachi chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe am'mimba. Amasinthidwa kukhala chipangizo chogwiritsa ntchito choboola, chotchedwa proboscis. Kusintha kumeneku kumalumikizidwa ndi njira yodyetsera nsikidzi. Kubowola khungu la tirigu wosapsa, kachilombo komwe kamayamwa timadziti.

Moyo wamtundu wa kamba

Tizilombo tating'ono timalowetsedwa nthawi yachisanu pansi pa masamba omwe adagona m'nkhalango, minda, minda, zitsamba, zina. Chapakatikati, pomwe masamba agwa afunda mokwanira ndikumauma mokwanira, nsikidzi zimadzuka ndikuwonekera pamwamba pa zinyalala. Mu Epulo - Meyi asamuke kuminda ya mbewu. Makamaka nsikidzi zambiri zimakhala pano mkate utatsika. Chingaliricho chimatulutsira malovu mumbewu ya chinthu china chapadera, ndikusungunula zomwe zili mkati mwake. Pambuyo pake, amamwe mankhwalawo kuchokera ku mbewu, imakhala yopepuka, ndipo koposa zonse - imataya mawonekedwe ake ophika, komanso kumera. Ufa wa mbewu zotere umakhala wowawa, wopanda pake. Zowonongeka ndi nsikidzi, mbande zazing'ono za mbewu zikudwala. Masamba awo apakati amasanduka achikasu ndikuwuma.

Kubalana ndi kukulitsa nsikidzi

Kuwonekera m'minda, nsikidzi zazikazi - akamba amayamba kuyikira mazira pamphepete mwa masamba a mbewu ndi milu ya mazira 10 mpaka 20. Pakupita kwa mwezi, zazikazi zimayikira mazira kangapo - kuchokera makumi khumi mpaka 200 zidutswa.

Masiku asanu ndi atatu pambuyo pake, mphutsi zimatuluka mazira, ofanana kwambiri ndi nsikidzi zachikulire, zazing'ono zokha komanso zopanda mapiko. Pakatha masiku atatu mpaka asanu, mphutsi zimatuluka, zimamera pamizimba ndikuyamba kudya.

Pambuyo pamiyala isanu, mphutsizo zimasanduka nsikidzi zachikulire. Mu gawo lazous, turtle ali ndi masiku 35 mpaka 40. Magawo a nsapato za pupae samadutsa.

Nsikidzi zakugona ndi tizilombo tina timadziwika chifukwa cha kusinthika kosakwanira. Ndi chitukuko ichi, mphutsi ndizofanana ndi tizilombo tating'ono, ndipo gawo la ana silikupezeka.

Mu mzere wopondera, nsikidzi zimakhala pamunda mpaka nthawi yokolola. Akangokolola, amasamukira kumadera achisanu ndipo nthawi yophukira, masamba akagwa pamitengo, amabisala mpaka kumapeto.

Kuwonongeka kwa nsikidzi

Rook ndi mbalame zina, carnivores, nyerere ndi akangaude amawononga nsikidzi. Koma mdani wamkulu wa nsikidzi ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri, ovule-telenomus. Telenomus imayikira mazira ake mumphako, ndikuwononga kachilomboka. Mphutsi zawo zimakula, kudya zomwe zili ndi cholakwika. Mkazi wa telenomus amaikira mazira 100.

Posachedwa, kuti awononge kachilombo, mbewu za tirigu mdziko lathuli zimapukutidwa mwanjira zapadera ndi kukonzekera - fumbi la chlorophos, metaphos ndi ziphe zina.

Pambuyo pakuwonongeka kwa nsikidzi masiku 20 musanakolole, kupukutira kwamira.

Mitundu ya banja

Mapiko onse ophatikizika ndi olumikizidwa ndi anthu otsatirawa. Amakhala ndi moyo wamtunda kapena wamadzi. Ali ndi zida zapadera zapakamwa zokhala ndi luso la kuboola. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakamwa pazilombo zonse za banja ili, zimawalola kuboola khungu la munthu, chinyama kapena chomera ndikuyamwa zakudya zomwe zimakhala m'maselo.

Mitundu yonse ya nsikidzi imakhala ndi mapiko apamwamba osasunthika komanso mapiko otsika. Gawo lalikulu la chapamwamba la elytra limakhala ndi chidinous kudula, mbali yake ya apical imakhala yolumikizidwa. Zilonda zosanjidwa zimawoneka mosavuta ndi diso lamaliseche. Mitundu ina ya nsikidzi yataya mapiko chifukwa chosafunikira, chonse kapena china.

Chingwe cha pabedi nthawi zambiri sichitha kuwuluka. Matendawa amadya magazi a anthu. Amaopa kucha masana, ndipo magulu amtunduwu amatha kupezeka pafupi ndi zakudya zake zachikhalidwe, m'malo omwe anthu amagona. Amakhala matiresi, amakhala pamipando ya mipando ndikumverera bwino.

Kuti muteteze kwa adani, nthumwi za banja lino zimakhala ndi fungo lonunkhira lomwe limakhalapo nthawi zonse. Mtundu wobiriwira wamtchire umadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha kununkhira kwake.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsikidzi imakhala ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Pali ochepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi thupi lomwe silidutsa 1 mm, pali anthu omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa 10 cm.

Zothandiza ndi zovulaza nsikidzi

Mitundu yothandiza imaphatikizapo mitundu yam'munda ya nsikidzi. Ndizofala kwambiri, ndipo anthu ena amawalakwitsa ngati nsikidzi. Tizilombo totere timawononga tizilombo tomwe timadya udzu wobzalidwa.

Tizilombo touluka Podisus timatha kuwononga tizilombo ta Colado tating'ono. Amawerengeredwa mwapadera m'makampani apadera ndikumasulidwa pamabedi a mbatata. Mmenemo amatsutsana ndi mbozi za kabichi, komanso tizilombo tina zovulaza, ndi mphutsi zawo, ndikuziwononga.

Msirikali yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito mazira a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, samanyoza nyama zakufa, amabweretsa zabwino pamalowo. Anthu ambiri amayesa kuwaononga osazindikira, koma ichi ndicholakwika kwathunthu ndi chilengedwe.

Tizilombo ta maluwa nthawi zambiri timayang'aniridwa kuti tiziyang'anira tizirombo m'nyumba. Amatha kuwononga mazira a tizilombo tambiri, nkhupakupa, mphutsi, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kupindika.

Zoyenera kudya zimadyanso tizirombo zovulaza zomwe zingawononge malo olimapo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mzipinda zapansi, m'malo opezeka anthu, amapeza chakudya mu zinyalala, pomwe pali mphutsi zosiyanasiyana.

Mitundu ya m'munda imathandizira munthu kusamalira mbewu, chifukwa chake wina safunika kuwayika poizoni ndi kukonzekera kwa poizoni.

Mwa mitundu yoyipa imatha kutchedwa akamba (chithunzi kumanzere). Amamatirira nthambi zamitengo yam'munda ndikuyamwa madziwo. Nthambi zazing'ono pambuyo pa kuukira kwa tizilombo izi zimafa kwathunthu. Zosiyanasiyana zamtunduwu zimatha kuwononga kwambiri mbande za chimanga. Akuluakulu amaononga mbewu zanthete, ndipo mphutsi zawo zimadyera nthanga.

Gulu la nsikidzi zopachika ndi la tizirombo timene timadya mbande za kabichi ndi mbewu zina kuchokera pagululi. Mitundu yamundawu ili ndi mtundu wowala womwe umalefula mbalame. Amadziwa kuchokera pazomwe adakumana nazo kuti tizilombo ta mtundu uwu amatha kutulutsa madzi ndi fungo losasangalatsa.

Nsikidzi

Masamba ofunda nthawi zina amatchedwa a m'nyumba kapena a bafuta. Awa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi losaposa 5 mm kutalika. Ali ndi thupi lopanda mapiko, yokutidwa ndi chipolopolo cha chitin chakuda. Atamwa magazi, amasintha mawonekedwe a thupi, ndikuzungulira. Makina opepuka ndi ocheperako.

Izi ndi tizilombo tosamukasamuka. Adafika ozizira ku Russia atavala masutikesi apaulendo ndi m'mabokosi okhala ndi masamba ndi zipatso m'manja zomwe zombo zimabwera kuchokera kumayiko otentha. Chifukwa chake, amawopa chisanu, ndikukhala komwe kwatentha. Mutha kuthana ndi tizilombo tomwe timayamwa magazi ngati muimitsa malo anu okhala bwino, osawasiyidwa kwa masiku angapo. Ndikotheka kutenga zinthu zozizira zomwe zimayamwa magazi kuti zithetse

Tizilombo tina tokhala m'nyumba timakhala zobisika, ndipo ndi ziwalo zathupi zokha zomwe zimatha kufotokozera kupezeka kwawo.

Wachikulire amakhala ndi chaka chimodzi. Pokhapokha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino, amatha kugwirira ntchito ndikukumana ndi zovuta zina. Kuperewera kwa zakudya kumapangitsa kuti tizilomboti tiziyenda mtunda wautali. Izi zikufotokozera zakulowa mwadzidzidzi kwa ophonya magazi m'chipinda choyera.

Mikhalidwe yabwino ya moyo ikawoneka, imayendetsedwa ndikubwezeretsa ntchito yofunika. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamba kubwezeretsa mwachangu komanso kuchulukitsa anthu. Tambala kachikazi nthawi yonse ya moyo wake amatha kuyikira mazira 500, omwe amakhala ndi mwayi wokana zinthu zina zowonongeka zakunja. Tizilombo timayambitsa masonry m'malo osavuta kufikako. Kusintha kwazira kokwanira kumachitika masiku 60. Patatha mwezi umodzi kusiya mazira, munthu amasintha kukhala wokhwima ndikuyamba kubereka, akudya mwachangu. Vutoli liyenera kukumbukiridwa polimbana ndi tiziromboti komanso munthawi yokwanira kukonza chipindacho.

Kufotokozera

Ngakhale mitundu ikuluikulu ya mitundu, nsikidzi ndizofanana:

• kuchuluka kwa miyendo: Akuluakulu, magulu atatu a miyendo, amatha kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana, amasinthidwa kukhala ndi moyo padziko lapansi kapena madzi,
• zida zamkamwa mwa mawonekedwe a phenoscis ndi mabroni: cholowacho chimadya chakudya chamadontho, chimabowola membrane ndikutsitsa zomwe zili, kaya ndi magazi kapena madzi a chomera,
• tiziwalo timene timapanga zinthu zonunkhira zomwe timapangira kuti ziwopseze adani,
• mapiko - mitundu yambiri ilinayo, imawoneka mwanjira ina: theka la mapiko ndi achikopa, theka linalo ndiloboweka, palinso oimira banja omwe amangokhala ndi elytra kapena mapiko otayika kwathunthu ngati osafunikira.

Tambala tating'onoting'ono timabwera mosiyanasiyana - kuchokera pa mamilimita angapo mpaka masentimita 15. Munthu wamkulu kwambiri m'banjali ndi cholakwika ndi madzi, chomwe chimakula mpaka kutalika kwa 15 cm. Mafomu ozungulira kapena ndodo amapezekanso. Sikuti nsikidzi zonse zili ndi maso. Koma ziwalo zogwira mitundu yonseyi zimapangidwa bwino.

Nsikidzi zakugona zimabwera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yowala ya omwe ali bwino kuti asakhudze. Ndi chitetezo komanso njira yopseza. Njira ina yothetsera fungo labwino kwambiri. Nsikidzi zimabayira katulutsidwe kuchokera ku tiziwalo timene timatulutsa. Fungo ili silili ngati nyama ndi mbalame zomwe zimatha kudya nsikidzi.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsikidzi

M'malo okhalamo, nsikidzi zimakhala zapadziko lapansi kapena zam'madzi, zapakhomo kapena mumsewu.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya, mitunduyi ya nsikidzi imasiyanitsidwa:

1. Herbivores (phytophages) - idyani madzi a cell, omwe amachokera ku zipatso, mbewu ndi masamba a mbewu zosiyanasiyana.
2. Predators - nyama pa mphutsi, tizilombo ndi invertebrates.
3. Ectoparasites (hematophagous) - amadya magazi a anthu ndi nyama zokhala ndi magazi ofunda.

Mitundu yambiri ya nsikidzi ndi herbivorous. Pali tizilombo tokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakudya. Pali milandu yofala pafupipafupi, kutanthauza kudya abale awo.

Malinga ndi zoopsa komanso zowonongeka zomwe zapezeka, oimira amtunduwu agawidwa kukhala othandiza, osavulaza komanso tizirombo. Kwenikweni, ndizovulaza kwa anthu.

Zothandiza nsikidzi

Mitundu ina ya nsikidzi imatha kukhala yothandiza kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, khunyu wofiirira w mapiko, yemwe amatchedwanso msirikali, amadya zotsalira za ma invertebrates akufa kapena masamba agwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke. Chingwe cha mitundu ya buluu ya buluu chimawononga mphutsi ndi mazira a kachilomboka. Chifukwa cha ntchito zake, kuchuluka kwa zikumbu za mbatata ya Colorado kumachepetsedwa. Komanso kuwonongeka kwa kachilombo ka mbatata ku Colorado, kuphatikiza ndi imago, ndizovuta. Mitundu ingapo ya nsikidzi zamaluwa imadya nsabwe za m'masamba, nkhupakupa, mazira ndi mphutsi za tizilombo zoipa, imadzipangira makamaka kuteteza mbande ndi maluwa obisika.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Odziwika bwino kwa olima ndi olima ndi tizirombo tating'ono tating'ono:

• Wachiwawa ndi ogwiriridwa - kuwononga kubzala kabichi, wogwirira, mpiru ndi radish.
• Bokosi la Berry, kapena cholowetsa chobiriwira chobiriwira - chimadya msuzi wa rasipiberi, jamu ndi zipatso zina zimathanso kuthira chimanga. Zipatso zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi njirayi zimakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa, ndizosatheka kuzidya.
• Kamba woipa, tizilombo chomwe chimavuta kuzindikira pazomera chifukwa cha mtundu wake ndi mawonekedwe ake pa chipolopolo, chimakhudza chimanga. Akamba amaikira mazira, pomwe mphutsi zimawonekera ndendende nthawi yakucha kwa mbewu. Mphutsi ndi achikulire amawononga chimanga, chomwe chimakhala chosayenera kuchichita.

Nsikidzi zamadzi

Mitundu yambiri ya Hemoptera yasankha madzi kuti akhale malo awo okhala. Mitundu yotchuka ya nsikidzi zamadzi ndi:

• Scorpion yamadzi - banja ili limaphatikizapo mitundu yopitilira 200 ya nsikidzi. Kutalika kwawo kumafikira 4,5 cm. Ndi a bulauni, okhala ndi kutsogolo, omwe amasintha ngati zibwano. Amakhala m'madzi osaya, sadziwa kusambira. Amapuma kudzera mu ntchito ya caudal, yomwe imawululidwa pamwamba pamadzi. Amasaka ma tadpole ndi crustaceans.
• Zoyimira madzi - banja lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 700. Ali ndi miyendo yayitali pomwe amayang'ana pamadzi. Amadyetsa tizilombo tomwe tawonongeka m'madzi. Zimakhazikika mumasamba otsala kunja kwa matupi amadzi.
• Ma Smoothies - amakhala m'madzi, komanso amadziwa momwe amauluka. Amadyetsa tizilombo komanso nsomba zazing'ono, zimatha kuluma nyama kapena anthu, koma kuluma sikowopsa.
• Plavt wamba - amadya tizilombo, mphutsi, mapira ndi mwachangu.
• Giant Bialystoma - cholakwika chidatenga dzina la kukula kwake, anthu akuluakulu amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Amatha kuukira osati tizilombo komanso nsomba ndi akamba. M'dziko lathu sapezeka.

Chingwe chopanda kanthu

Nsikidzi zakugona zimakhala mosiyanasiyana. Amakhala pamtunda, udzu, tchire ndi mitengo. Amatha kukhala m'malo aliwonse otentha, m'nkhalango ndi m'minda, m'zipululu komanso mapiri, ngakhale tundra. Ambiri chifukwa cha kupezeka kwawo amasankha nyumba kapena nyumba zina zotenthetsedwa, mwachitsanzo, crib, nyumba.

Pakati pa mitundu yapadziko lapansi, yomwe imakonda kwambiri ndi nsikidzi zotchinga. Adalandira dzina chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo, ngati kuti ali ndi chishango pamsana pawo. Amadziwikanso kuti ndi nsikidzi za mtengo, ngakhale kuti samangokhala pamitengo. Shchitnikov - mitundu yopitilira 4, ambiri aiwo ndi tizirombo taulimi.

Chishango chokhala ndi mzera chimakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, chakamtambo komanso chowala kwambiri, chimadya inflorescence a kaloti, parsley ndi katsabola.

Chishango cha Berry - chofiirira chofiirira, chimadya zipatso, masamba ndi masamba a mafuta ndi zipatso.

Chikopa cha Turtle - pansi pa dzinali chimadziwika ndi mitundu yoposa 50 ya nsikidzi. Wonongerani mbewu monga chimanga.

Mbawala za Marble zimadya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu. Ndiwachonde kwambiri, alibe adani achilengedwe. Amadzibisalira m'nyumba.

Zimbudzi Zanyumba

Mimbulu yamagazi ndiyowopsa kwa anthu. Ma ectoparasites apakhomo - mitundu yambiri ya khumi. Onsewa ndi ang'ono, athyathyathya. Akadzaza ndi magazi, amachulukitsa kangapo. Alibe mapiko, koma ali ndi miyendo yothamanga. Mimbulu yakunyumba imakhala ndi thupi loyimitsa, imakhala yachikasu kapena mtundu. Palibe maso, malingaliro okonzekera bwino okhudza ndikununkhiza. Kukula kwakukulu kumakhala kuyambira 1 mpaka 4 mm, ndipo akuluakulu amakula mpaka 6 mm.

Tizilombo timabisala m'nyumba mipando, ming'alu ndi zokutira. Amatha kusamukira ku nyumba kupita ku nyumba ina kapena nyumba zapafupi. Zochita zikuwonetsedwa usiku.

Ngakhale nsikidzi zotere zimadziwika kuti ndi nsikidzi, sizimangokhala kokha momwe munthu amakhala ndipo zimangodya osati magazi a munthu. Mitundu yambiri imadziwika kuti imakhala m'mapanga omwe mileme imakhala. Palinso zotchedwa nsikidzi. Zimatulutsa mbalame, komanso zimatha kuwoloka kupita kwa anthu.

Nsikidzi zogona zimakhala paliponse, m'maiko onse. Kugawa kwawo sikudalira chikhalidwe, msinkhu kapena moyo wawo.

Pali mitundu ya nsikidzi zomwe sizofala kwambiri, koma osakhala m'dziko lathu:

• kachilombo koyaka - kuluma kwake kumayambitsa matupi osagwirizana,
• triatom bug - pambuyo kuluma, anaphylactic mantha amatha, komanso tiziromboti timanyamula matenda a Chagas ndi zotsatira zakupha.

Mitundu ya nsikidzi imakhala m'maiko omwe kumatentha kwambiri ndipo sikutiyimira pachiwopsezo, koma muyenera kukumbukira za iwo mukamayenda.

Ku Russia, pali mitundu itatu ya nsikidzi:

• Cimex lexctularius - cholumikizira kwambiri, magazi masiku
• Cimex pipistrelli - parasiting on the pop,
• Oeciacus hirundinis ndi kachilombo komwe kameneka komwe kamafotokozedwa pamwambapa, kamagwirira ntchito mbalame, kamatha kuukira anthu, ndipo ndionyamula matenda.

Mavuto a nsikidzi

Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timakhala pafupifupi miyezi 12-14. Amadyetsa kamodzi pa sabata. A nymph wa cholakwika amatha kuyamwa mpaka 0,5 ml ya magazi nthawi, ndi imago mpaka 7 ml. Kulumwa kwa nsikidzi zonse kumayambitsa kuyabwa komanso khungu. Komanso, munthu mwiniyo sangazindikire nthawi yakuluma, chifukwa majeremusi amalowetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pakuluma.

Kuopsa kwa nsikidzi zakugona ndikuti nkovuta kuti mutulutse. Amakhala m'mazipinda akuluakulu mnyumba kapena munyumba ndikuzunza anthu omwe akuwasala nthawi zonse. Izi zimabweretsa kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe. Pankhani ya thanzi, palibe vuto lalikulu kuchokera kuluma. Koma zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto. Nsikidzi zimathanso kufalitsa matenda ngati zisuntha pakati pa zipinda. Kuphatikiza apo, kulumidwa kuchokera kulumidwa ndikumayambitsa kwambiri, kuphatikiza kumatha kuyambitsa matenda m'mabala, omwe umayambitsa matenda a khungu.

Mimbulu yakunyumba imazindikira kusintha kwa moyo. Zabwino kwambiri kwa iwo ndi kutentha kwa 25 - 30 degrees. Ndi kukula kowopsa (kupitirira madigiri 45) kapena kuchepera (kuzizira), amafa. Koma nthawi imodzimodzi, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tikulimbana ndi njira zokuthana nazo. Munthu ayenera kupanga zida zatsopano pakuwonongerana mankhwala kwa nsikidzi.

Tizirombo tachilengedwe

Zosiyanasiyana za nsikidzi zimayambitsa zowonongeka zazambiri. Anthu achikulire ndi mphuthu zawo amadya zakudya zamasamba. Popanda chithandizo pa nthawi yake, mbewuzo zimasiya kukula ndikuyamba kufota. Panthawi yolanda tizilombo, mutha kutaya mbewu yonse.

Zina mwa tizirombo tofala kwambiri paulimi ndi anthu awa.

Asolder (Pyrrhocoridae)

Mwa mitundu yonse ya tizirombo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timayesedwa kwambiri wopanda vuto. Thupi la tizilombo touluka. Kutalika, sizidutsa 10 mm. Chizindikiro cha nsikidzi ndi mawonekedwe amizere yakuda pamsana wofiira.

Idyani asirikali ambiri amakhala ndi timadziti udzu udzu. Koma osayang'anira zochitika zina, sakanakonda kudya mapesi a kabichi, mphesa ndi nyemba.

Kukhazikika kwa nsikidzi ndiko kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dziko lapansi. Samakhala kum'mwera chakum'mwera; kumatentha kwambiri pamenepo. Kumpoto kwa kumpoto kumabweza tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

Tizilombo timeneti timakhala thukuta masana. Pofika madzulo, amayamba kunyamula malo onyowa kuti agonepo. Makonda m'malo Zitsa zowola ndi zina zimaganiziridwa ngati tizilombo nkhuni zosaphika.

Kuyika kwa dzira kumachitika ndi asitikali kumbuyo kwa masamba azomera.

Chingwe cha Rapeseed (Eurydema oleracea)

Tizilombo timakonda msuzi wa mbewu zopachikika ngati chakudya. Kwambiri zovulaza chifukwa mbewu zimaganiziridwa mphutsi nsikidzi zomwe madera awo mwachangu amadya mphukira zazing'ono. Akuluakulu amavulaza mbewu za mbewu zisanakhwime.

Mbali yodziwika bwino ya nsikidzi ndi mutu wamfupi, womwe umamatira mbali. Thupi limatha kukhala la mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yakuda ndi yamtambo kapena yakuda komanso yobiriwira. Kutalika, tizilombo amafika 7 mm. Antenna nsabwe zakuda. Kumbali zakumbuyo kwanyimbi yachitsulo ndi zingwe ziwiri. Pakatikati pake pali mlengalenga. Elytra tizilombo tokhala ndi mawanga achikasu kapena ofiira.

Awo mazira tizirombo thetsa chikhumbokhumbo m'malo osiyanasiyana. Zitha kukhala nthaka, achichepere mphukira kapena zotsalira zamasamba.

Mutha kukumana ndi nsikidzi zogwiriridwa ku Europe konse, ku North Africa ndi Kazakhstan. Komabe, zigawo za Far North ndi Far East a Russia, tizilombo tofotokozedwayi siofala konse.

Chishango chobiriwira chopepuka (Palomena prasina)

Chingwe chobiriwira chobiriwira, kapena monga chomwe chimatchulidwanso kuti "nkhuni", ndiye tizilombo tofala kwambiri mu dongosolo la Hemoptera. Izi nsikidzi zitha kupezeka ku Russia. Kupulumuka kwa majeremusi ndi chifukwa choti alibe tsankho. Amalekerera onse kutentha ndi kuzizira.

Chingwe chimakhala ndi thupi lalikulu patatu, kutalika kwake kumafika 16 mm. Khalidwe labwino kwambiri la munthu ndi chishango cha chitin, chomwe chimalepheretsa zinthu zina zakunja. Kutengera ndi nthawi ya chaka, tizilombo amasintha mtundu wa thupi kukhala chophimba. M'chilimwe, nsikidzi zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, womwe umawaphatikiza ndi masamba. Pofika m'dzinja, thupi la tizilombo limasanduka mafunde ofiira.

Chida chosiyanitsa ndi zishango chimaganiziridwa mwamphamvu kununkhira. Tizilombo timakhala fungo labwino monga chitetezo kwa adani. Ngakhale kuti zishango sizowopseza nyama, zimadalira mbalame.

Chakudya cha chishango ndi mbewu zaulimi. Tizilombo tosunkhira bwino timadya tchire la zipatso ndi zipatso. Nthawi zina, safuna kudya zovalazo.

Turtle Woipa (Eurygaster integriceps)

Banja la nsikidzi ndi mdani wowopsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu ya phala panthawi yake, akambuku owononga amatha kuwononga mbewu zonse.

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi dzina lotanthauza mtundu ofanana ndi akamba am'madzi. Akuluakulu amakhala ochepa. Kukula kwawo kumatha kufika 13 mm. Thupi la nsikidzi limatetezedwa ndi carapace yowonda momwe malo ndi mizere ili. Mapiko a tizirombo amapangidwa bwino. Kusintha malo okhala, akamba owononga amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali. Nthawi zina kuthawa kwawo ndi 200 km.

Makulidwe a moyo wa anthu ndi miyezi 10-11. Nthawi yomweyo zimachulukana mwachangu. Akamba ovulaza amatha kuikira mazira ma 15 nthawi imodzi.

Tizilombo tambiri (Cimex lectularius)

Mu chilengedwe mumakhala zambiri Mitundu 100 nsikidzi. Zakhazikika padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, sawopa nyengo yovuta. Chifukwa chake, zimatha kupezeka ngakhale kumpoto chakumpoto. Monga lamulo, nsikidzi zogona zimakhala m'nyumba za anthu. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri malo awo amakhala m'mapanga, omwe amadzala ndi mileme.

Ubale wa banja lino ulibe mapiko ndi msana. Komanso pa matupi awo palibe utoto. Kapangidwe ka nsikidzi zakuthambo ndizomzungulira. Matupi awo onse ali mgulidwe. Chifukwa chake, nsikidzi za pabedi nthawi zambiri zimasokonezedwa ndi nsabwe ndi nkhupakupa.

Tizilombo ta invertebrate timadalira magazi a anthu ndi nyama.

Zindikirani! Ngati pali chisankho pakati pa akulu ndi ana, ndiye kuti omwe amapereka magazi amapereka zomwe amakonda kwa mwanayo.

Kuopsa kwa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuti kuluma kwawo kumayambitsa mavuto ambiri. Pakadali pano, zikaukira tizilombo, anthu amayamba kuyamwa khungu.

Mitundu ya nsikidzi ndi iti

Mitundu yonse ya nsikidzi imagawidwa m'magulu atatu:

1. Zothandiza. Amatetezedwa mwapadera kuteteza mbewu za m'munda, nectariferous, mbewu zamasamba ndi mitengo yazipatso ku tizirombo. Pakafunika mbuto za mbatata za Colorado, mavu, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi ma phytophages ena, nsikidzi zothandiza zimatha kuthandiza ntchito yofunika mothandizidwa ndi mungu ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Komabe, sizivulaza mbewu.
2. Zowopsa. Gululi limaphatikizapo nsikidzi zowopsa za parasitic ndi tizilombo ta herbivorous. Oyamba amakhala ndi zida zoyamwa pakamwa, kukhazikika pafupi ndi anthu komanso nkhuku. Ambiri amakhala mwamabedi, zovala. Tizilombo ta Herbivorous timawopseza mbewu.
3. Zowopsa. Izi zikuphatikiza nsikidzi, nsapato zazitali ndi nsikidzi zamadzi. Samazunza anthu, ziweto, ziweto ndi mbewu. Nthawi zina, njala ikhoza kuluma munthu, koma siyikhala ndi ngozi. Saliva alibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso zotheka kugwirizanitsa. Kulumidwa ndi nsikidzi zomwe zimadya msuzi wamasamba sizimapangitsa kuyanika kwa mbewu ndikuwonongeka kwa zipatso. Sangagwiritsidwe ntchito paulimi kuteteza mbewu ku tizirombo.

Katundu wa kabichi

Eurydem ili ndi mtundu wokhazikika wokhotakhota, thupi lokhazikika lomwe limafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 1. Mtundu wosiyanitsa - mu scutellum ndi elytra, exoskeleton imakutidwa ndi mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira. Zimabweretsa chiwopsezo kuzomera za banja la Cruciferous. Zazikazi zimayikira mazira 300. Kutha kuwononga kabichi mbewu m'masiku ochepa. Ntchito ya tizilombo imachulukana ndikumawonjezera kutentha kwa mpweya.

Chishango cha olamulira

Chitin chidendicho chimapakidwa utoto wofiirira wowala bwino, wamalanje ndi mizere yakuda. Dzina lachiwiri ndi cholakwika cha ku Italy. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika pa 10-11 mm. Pali tinyanga wakuda pamutu. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi phytophages, chifukwa timadya masamba azitsamba ndi mitengo. Idyani mphukira zobiriwira zamera zipatso.

Yang'anani! Mphutsi za wolamulira zimateteza inflorescence a katsabola, kaloti ndi parsley.

Chingwe cha Triatomina

Masewera oyamwa akhungu ma pratomic amaganiziridwa owopsa kwambiri tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ta mitundu yonse ya nsikidzi. Izi nsikidzi zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti munthu afe.

Tizilombo ta Triatomic sikhala ku Russia. Kupha nsabwe kumakhala makamaka ku South America. Monga nyumba, amasankha zisa za mbalame, zotchinga ndi mitengo m'chilengedwe. Komabe, mitundu ina ya nsikidzi imatha kupezeka pafupi ndi malo okhala.

Ma paratomic tiziromboti ndi tizilombo tambiri tokhala ndi thupi lakuda. Kutalika kwa akuluakulu kumafikira masentimita awiri. Mutu wawo ndi mapiko ake amakhala opindika. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timakhala tchuthi chamtundu wamtunduwu ndimakulirakulira kuposa ma nsikidzi. Komabe, amamwa magazi ochepa.

Choopsa choluma anthu awa ndikuti amanyamula matenda a Chagas. Matendawa amatha kuchiritsidwa pokhapokha matendawo atayamba kudwala.

Berry cholakwika

Tizilombo ndi ma polyphages. Amakonda kuyamwa madzi a zipatso, maluwa ndi masamba azokongoletsa ndi mafuta a mitengo, mitengo yazipatso. Pambuyo pake, masamba ndi kusiya, zipatso zimagwa kapena zofunkha mwachangu. Bokosi la beri limafika kutalika kwa 12 mm, thupi lopaka utoto wofiirira. Pamwamba pa exoskeleton pamakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakutulutsa. Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi lingaliro lazikhalidwe pamimba pamtambo wakuda ndi loyera.

Chimbalangondo

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komwe kumagwira mitundu 300 ya zomera. Amapereka fungo losasangalatsa lomwe limafooketsa mbalame ndi makoswe. Thupi la kachilomboka ndi loboola pakati. Kumbuyo kuli madambo oderapo osiyanasiyana, ochulukirapo, momwe mawonekedwe amwala amapangira. Ndikamayambira chisanu, nsikidzi zimakwera m'zipinda zamkati. Mu kasupe, amachulukana mwachangu, atagona mazira 20-30 nthawi. Mpaka mibadwo itatu imaberekedwa pachaka.

Buku! Kuyambira pa Julayi 1, 2017, European Union yakhala ikuphatikiza nsapato za mabo pa mndandanda wazinthu zoyikika.

Cimex adjunctus

Mayina ena - oyera, mbewa ya mbewa. Amadya magazi a mileme, osakhala pogona anthu. M'mawonekedwe, sizimasiyana ndi Cimex lectularius. Kutalika kwa thupilo kuyambira 3 mpaka 8.5 mm, zimatengera kuchuluka kwake kwa majeremusi ndi magazi. Akazi ndiakulu kuposa amuna. Chochititsa chidwi ndi cholakwika ndi mbewa ndi kukhalapo kwa tsitsi loyera pafupi ndi mutu. Tizilomboti tili ndi mapiko akutsogolo kapena kumbuyo.

Cimex hemipterus

Cimex hemipterus yemwe ndi wadwala woyamwa magazi. Masamba amakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi anthu. Kubangula nsikidzi za Cimex lectularius, zomwe zikufanana. Mawonekedwe ake ndi miyendo yopyapyala komanso thunthu lozungulira. Ndi kumayambiriro kwamadzulo, ntchito za majeremusi zimachepa. Amalimbana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Tikukuku

Tizilombo touluka timafanana ndi nthata za nkhuku. Amapakidwa bulauni, thupi limasenda. Kutupa kuchokera pagazi lakuledzera, sinthani mtundu kukhala wakuda, burgundy. Amakhala moyo wamadzulo, masana amabisala m'malo ovuta kufikako. Kupezeka kwa majeremusi mu mbalame kumatha kukayikiridwa ndi kupsa mtima, khungu. Kuluma kwa nsikidzi kumayambitsa kuyabwa kwambiri komanso kupweteka, chifukwa choti mbalameyo imayamba kukhomera malo omwe akukhudzidwayo, ikudzipweteka yokha ndi zopindika.

Tizilombo tokhala m'madzi

Madzi am'madzi amazolowera kukhala ndi moyo makulidwe komanso pamwamba pa malo osungira. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Mitundu ya nsikidzi yanyamula miyendo, kukulira kumapeto. Amagwira ntchito yosanja kuti ayende mwachangu pa filimu yamadzi. Amakonda kukhala ndi moyo wodziphatikiza ndi algae ndi matope pansi. Mitundu yonse ya nsikidzi zamadzi ndi adani. Kutengera ndi kukula kwa imago, nyama zawo zidzakhala tizilombo, mazira, caviar ndi nsomba za nsomba.

Zofunika! Tizilombo timafunikira mpweya wopumira. Anasunganso mapiko opendekera ofunikira kwaulendo wautali kwambiri kukafunafuna malo atsopano.

Zomenyera madzi

M'nyengo yotentha, amakhala pamadzi pazama madzi. Mikanda yokutidwa ndi tsitsi la hydrophobic exoskeleton imathandizira kuyendayenda mwachindunji pamadzi. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndiyifupi, imagwiritsa ntchito kugwira ndi kugwira nyama. Okwera madzi akuluakulu amafika kutalika kwa 30 mm. Maso owoneka bwino ndi zolandilira zomata pamiyendo amalola tizilombo kuti tizilandira zambiri zakumazungulira ndikuwunika kugwedezeka pang'ono kwa filimu yamadzi. Amadyera ma invertebrates.

Gladysh

Ndudu zazikulu zam'madzi oyera zimakhala ndi convex elytra. Mtundu wa exoskeleton umatengera mtundu wa pansi pa chosungira chawo. Nthawi zambiri, achikulire amakhala pansi pamadzi, kupumula miyendo yawo kumbuyo kwa filimu yamadzi. Mosiyana ndi madzi am'madzi, thupi la kachilombo limamizidwa m'madzi. Chifukwa cha izi, yosalala imagwira tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi nsomba zowuma. M'nyengo yozizira, nsikidzi zamadzi zimakwera pansi pamtunda wovunda. Dziwe likauma, amawulukira kumalo ena. Nthawi yonseyi osagwiritsa ntchito mapiko.

Bialystoma

Dzina lina ndi chimphona chachikulu madzi. Ili ndi thupi lolocha lolocha lotsogola lomwe limatsogola, ndikugwira ntchito yabwino. Anthu achikulire, mpaka kutalika kwa 15 cm, amadya achule, salamanders ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Amatha kuluma kudzera pakhungu la munthu, koma samawoneka owopsa kwa osambira.

Buku! Wamphongo amasamalira mwana, amene wamkazi amayikira mazira kumbuyo kwake.

Bedbug Podisus maculiventris

Kudya kwa nsikidzi kumaphatikiza mitundu 90 ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono taulimi:

• Colado mbatata wa mbatata
• Zovala zoyera zaku America
• kachilombo ka nyemba
• ulusi wopanda waya.

Zazikazi ndizazikulu kuposa zamphongo, zotsalazo zimafikira 11mm. Mtundu wa thupi umasiyanasiyana kuyambira bulauni mpaka beige yakuda. Akazi amayikira mazira 20 mpaka 70, mpaka 1mm kukula kwake. Mphutsi zamkaka pakatha miyezi 1-1.5.

Anthocoris nemorum

Tizilombo ta Antokoris timakhala mitengo yabwino ndi mitengo, zitsamba zam'munda ndi masamba, mbewu zokhala ndi timadzi tokoma. Thupi limakhala lokwera, lopakidwa utoto wamafuta. Zachikazi ndizazikulu kuposa zazimuna, mpaka 4mm kutalika. Ndiwothandiza chifukwa ndizizilombo zodya nyama zambiri, zomwe zimadya zomwe zimaphatikizapo tizirombo taulimi:

• mazira a tambala akuukira ma currants ndi jamu,
• pakhosi,
• chidutswa cha zipatso zofiira,
• nseru,
• timapepala.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a genus Orius

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tofiirira. Olimba kwambiri, ogwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakulimbana ndi kupindika, idyani tizilombo nthawi iliyonse ya chitukuko. Nsikidzi ya genus Orius amadyanso:

• nsabwe za m'masamba
• ma kangaude,
• zovala zoyera
• mazira ndi mbozi zimalira.

Tizilombo touluka timadziwika chifukwa timawononga tizilombo tambiri kuposa momwe timafunira chakudya.Pakakhala phytophages, Orius amatha kudya mungu, womwe suvulaza mbewu.

Banja la Predators (Reduviidae)

Iwo ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri la oimira theka. Amakhala ndi moyo wosangalala usiku, kuyamwa mazira a tizirombo touluka. Zoyang'anira zakuda, zakuda, zofiirira, zofiirira komanso zamtundu wa lalanje, zachikaso ndi zobiriwira.

Yang'anani! Mitundu yazinyama zotentha zitha kudya magazi a anthu.

Macrolofus (Miridae banja la gulu la akavalo)

Ma nsikidzi ogona ndiwowonekera bwino. Pazitali zonse za moyo wa masiku 30, mphutsi 2500 ndi mazira oyera a 3000 amadyedwa. Akuluakulu ali ndi thupi lalitali lamtambo wobiriwira, 2.7-4 mm kutalika. Exoskeleton imakutidwa ndi tsitsi laling'ono. Yaikazi imasiyanitsidwa ndi pamimba pamimba yokhala ndi ovipositor yotchulidwa.

Macrolofus amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera tizirombo ta herdivorous dothi lotsekedwa, chifukwa amadya wowonjezera kutentha ndi nthomba zofiirira, njenjete za phwetekere ndi masitepe.

Bicentennial chiwopsezo

Amadyapo herbivores. Chokoma chachikulu cha perillus ndi kachilomboka ka mbatata wa Colorado, kamene chimadya mazira ndi mphutsi zonse. Ngati palibe kachilomboka pamalo omwe amakhala, agulugufe, mbozi ndi mitundu yaambule zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya.

Chimbudzicho ndi thermophilic, chimafa msanga pa kutentha pang'ono. Ali ndi chipolopolo chakuda chokhala ndi mitundu yowala ya lalanje.

Picromerus

Tizilombo tothandiziranathu tanena kuti ndi mwayi wogonana. Akazi ndi okulirapo komanso amakula poyerekeza ndi amuna. Thupi la nsikidzi zachikazi limafikira 15 mm kutalika. Amuna amakhala ndi thupi lochepera komanso lalikulu osakwana 10 mm. Thupi laimvi la picromerus ndi lopaka mawonekedwe, miyendo imapakidwa utoto wofiirira, tinyanga ndi mutu ndi zakuda. Ngakhale pali mapiko otukuka, tizilombo touluka siziuluka. Elytra imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuparazika kuchokera kuzomera zazitali.

Tizilomboti timakumana ndi gulu ndipo timadya yemwe titha kuzunzidwa mwachitsanzo:

• Zovala zoyera zaku America
• Tizilombo ta Colado,
• mbozi zimalira
• macheka
• mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphutsi.

Armata nyama yolusa

Tizilombo timeneti timadya tizirombo tamadimba ta mbewu. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu mpaka 14 mm. Carapace ndi utoto wa bulauni ndi mawanga akuda ambiri. Zida zankhondo zam'mbuyomu ndi malo otentha kwambiri, ndipo malo okhala nsikidzi amakhala m'malo oteteza nkhalango.

Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo:

• mbozi
• hawthorn
• kachilomboka
• Chikumbu cha mbatata ya Colorado ndi mazira ake.

Mtambo wa Zicron

Zikron buluu imapulumutsa mbatata kuchokera ku kachikumbu ka Colorado, komwe ndi chakudya chawo chachikulu. Amawononga mazira azirombo zokha; nsikidzi sizidyetsa anthu akuluakulu. Ziwonetserazo zimakhala ndi thunthu lozungulira lobiriwira lomwe limakhala ndi chipolopolo. Nthawi ya ntchito imagwera masana.

Asitikali a Bedbug

Kukhala wa banja la nsikidzi zofiira. Osamaopseza anthu, sikuti onyamula matenda owopsa. Asitikali apakidwa zakuda, elytra ndi kumbuyo kwa exoskeleton ali ndi mawonekedwe ofiira. Mapiko akumbuyo kulibe; pali thunzi lakutsogolo. Maziko a chakudya cha asirikali ndi msuzi wa mitengo yazipatso, madzi ochokera pamasamba, osavulaza malo olimapo. Masamba pambuyo pobowoleza simumauma, zipatso sizikuwonongeka.

Chingwe cha Alder

Mbalame ya alder ili ndi dzina chifukwa chachikazi, yomwe, ikamayikira mazira, imangosankha zokhazokha. Zimatengera zishango zamatabwa. Ili ndi thupi lokwera kufika mpaka 8 mm. Zopaka utoto wonyezimira ndi madontho amdima ambiri. Mitambo yakuda ndi yachikasu imasinthana m'mphepete mwa mapiko.

Pamitengo, tizilombo timakhala moyo wawo wonse. Zachikazi sizimasiya mazira ndi mphutsi zosemedwa kufikira atatha kupeza chakudya popanda kudzipatula. Kwa anthu, nkhuku sizimawopseza.

Pomaliza

Pali mitundu ing'ono yamavuto, yoyipa komanso yopanda vuto. Zoyambazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ma phytophages omwe amawopseza mbewu yamtsogolo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kukhala owopsa pamtengo wazipatso, kumunda ndi mbewu zamasamba. Amadyetsa zakudya zamasamba. Pambuyo kuukira kwawo, kuyanika masamba kumawonedwa, dontho la mbewu yabwino.

Mitundu ina ndi majeremusi, tizilombo tomwe timayamwa magazi. Izi zimaphatikizapo nsikidzi zakugona komanso zopondera zomwe zimakhala ndi matenda opatsirana. Tizilombo zovulaza timakhala mwamtendere ndi anthu, popanda kuvulaza thupi kapena malo olima.

Morphology

Bedbug ili ndi thupi lolochika mwamphamvu ndi kutalika kwa 3 mpaka 8,4 mm, kutengera kuchuluka kwa magazi. Amuna ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa akazi. Utoto kuchokera pachikasu chakuda mpaka zofiirira zakuda. A proboscis, yomwe imasinthidwa kuti ikhudze minofu ndi kuyamwa magazi, imachoka pamphepete kutsogolo kwa mutu. Nsagwada zam'mwamba ndi zam'munsi zimawoneka ngati zibowo zolimba zopanda mawonekedwe ndipo zimapanga njira ziwiri: m'lifupi - pakulandira magazi ndi yopapatiza - yopukutira malovu pamalo opangira jekeseni.

Chifukwa cha kupendekeka komanso kusinthasintha kwa gawo logulikalo, cholakwika chimakhala chochepa panjira zovuta kuzilamulira. Kudya komwe kumadyetsedwa bwino kumakhala kovuta kuyenda, thupi lake limakhala lozungulira komanso mtundu wofanana ndi magazi (mtundu wake - kuchokera wofiyira mpaka wakuda - ungathe kutsimikizika kuti munthu uyu wadyetsedwa komaliza).

Mbiri yogawa

Kudya koyamba kwa budu kungakhale kuti inali mapanga aku Middle East, komwe kumakhala anthu ndi mileme. Amatchulidwa koyamba m'mabuku akale achi Greek mu 400 BC, kenako Aristotle adalemba za iwo. Pliny, m'mbiri yake Yachilengedwe, adapatsa nsikidzi kuti izitha kuchiza njoka ndi matenda amkhutu. Kukhulupirira zakufunika kwamankhwala kwa bedi kunakhalapo mpaka m'zaka za zana la 18, Gettar atalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chiphuphu. Kutchulidwa koyamba ku Germany m'zaka za XI, ku France m'zaka za XIII, ku England mu 1583, ngakhale mpaka 1670 sizinali komweko. M'zaka za zana la 16, ogonjetsa a New World adabweretsa ku America. Ku Central Asia, ngati tizirombo taumunthu, cholowera pabedi chidayamba kuwonekera m'zaka za makumi asanu ndi limodzi za zana la XIX ndikufika kwa asitikali aku Russia ku Turkestan (gwero silinatchulidwe). Kwa zaka 20, adawonekera m'mizinda ndi m'midzi yonse ya Turkestan. Komabe, kuwonjezera pa malo okhala anthu, nsikidzi za pabedi zimapezekanso zachilengedwe: m'maenje a mitengo, m'mapanga, etc. Zimadziwika kuti zimapezeka kuphanga la pansi pa Baharden ku Turkmenistan. Phanga, lomwe lili kumpoto kwa Kopet-Dag, silifikika ndipo nthawi zambiri anthu amabwera. Zimbudzi zidapezeka mgawo mwake, zomwe zilibe kuwala, apa zimapezeka m'malo otetemera ndipo ngakhale m'madzi a pansi padziwe, pomwe, mwachiwonekere, zimagwera kuchokera malo omwe nyama zadzikundana. Ku Daurian steppe, kachiromboka kakhala m'makola a makoswe (Daurian pika, mifulo yazitsamba, ndi zina), komanso m'mizere ya mpheta zam'munda, ngolo ndi zomeza zokhazikitsidwa pazinyumba za anthu. Chidziwitso cha mbali ino ya moyo wa kachiromboka chikadali chovuta kwambiri.

Zowopsa

Sichotsimikiziridwa kuti kudalira nsikidzi kumatha kulekerera matenda. Komabe, samachotsa kuthekera kwa kufalitsa kwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa tularemia, brucellosis, nthomba, hepatitis B, chifuwa, typhoid fever ndi anthrax. A. B. Diter adawonetsa kuti ndowe za nsikidzi zitha kukhala ndi Burnet rickettsia. Amabweretsa zowawa kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amaluma, kuwalola kugona mokwanira komanso kugona motero amachepetsa mphamvu yogwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina, kuluma kumatha kuyambitsa zotupa pakhungu, chifuwa, kapena kukhala chinthu chomvetsa chisoni. Pakuwukira, cholakwika, mosiyana ndi udzudzu, sichikhala m'dera limodzi la khungu - m'malo mwake, chimayenda chammbali, ndikusiya "njira" yoluma. Mtunda pakati pa kuluma ungafike masentimita angapo. Malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo, kulumidwa 500 kapena kuposerapo ndikotheka mu usiku umodzi.

Zatsimikiziridwa [ ndi ndani? ], kuti 70% ya anthu mwanjira ina sazindikira kulumidwa kwa nsikidzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuzindikiritsa kwa nsikidzi kukhala kovuta. Amapezeka m'miyendo yofiirira pabedi, amapangika pomwe kachikumbu kophwanyidwa ndi munthu wokoka ndikusintha munthu m'maloto yemwe akuda nkhawa ndi kuluma. Ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda m'chipindacho ndi nsikidzi, fungo linalake lingawonekere.

Chifukwa cha fungo lawo, nsikidzi zimapeza zovala za anthu tsiku lililonse (zomwe zimapangidwa nthawi zambiri) ndipo zimabisala, ndikumapita kunyumba zina. Zimbudzi zimathanso kubisala ndi kuyikira mazira mu zida zamagetsi zilizonse, mu penti, mabuku, mabokosi.

Njira zamakono zolimbana

Kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa nsikidzi ndi mazira awo kumatheka chifukwa chotenthetsera kwathunthu kwa chipinda chonse kachilombo ka nsikidzi ndi kutentha kouma mpaka kutentha osachepera +48 ° C kwa maola 6-8.

Pakati pa mankhwala opha tizilombo, ma pyrethroid ndi omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri (cypermethrin, alfacipermetrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cygalotrin). Komabe, ma pyrethroid amakhala osakhazikika pamlengalenga komanso opepuka. Pakhoza kukhalanso kukula kwa kusagwirizana kwa ma pyrethroids pakati pa nsikidzi. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kusinthana magwiridwe antchito ndi mankhwala ena kapena kugwiritsa ntchito limodzi mu emulsion. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a organophosphorous, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu mankhwala ophera tizilombo, amakhala ndi ovicidal. Komanso kukonzekera kwa anti-bug kungakhale ndi neonicotinoids, zotengera za carbamic acid, phenylpyrazoles ndi boric acid.

Njira yothandiza ndi yogwira zovala zoyipitsidwa, zofunda, zoseweretsa, nsapato, zikwama zam'mbuyo, ndi zina ndi chowumitsira zovala, chokhazikitsidwa ndi kutentha kwapakati komanso kotentha kwa mphindi 10 mpaka 20.

Mwa njira zachilengedwe zodzitetezera, zobwezeretsa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito maluwa, masamba ndi zimayambira za tansy wamba kapena decoction masamba a marsh rosemary.

Nsikidzi zamadzi

M'malo onse osungirako komwe kulibe magetsi amphamvu pakadali pano, mtundu wina kapena mtundu wina wa nsikidzi ukhoza kupezeka. Nthawi zambiri moyo wawo umadutsa m'madzi. Apa tizilombo timaswana, kusaka ndi kudyetsa. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nsikidzi zam'madzi ndizizidyamakanda.

Nyama zotsatirazi zimadziwika kuti ndi mabanja ofala kwambiri omwe amakonda madzi akumwa.