Poyamba zipatso zisanayambike mumsewu, mitengo imasiyidwa yopanda masamba, kuchokera kumadera akutali kumpoto mbalame imawulukira ife nthawi yozizira. Nthawi zambiri maonekedwe ake mdziko lathu ndi kumapeto kwa Novembala. Adatenga dzina lake chifukwa cha mawu omwe adapangidwa, mawu a mbalame kunyamulidwa kuthengo kapena kumzindawu mumzinda wa "schu-uu-ur."
Zinthu ndi malo okhala pike
Mbuto zokhazikika za mbalame ndi nkhalango za ku Europe, America, Asia, zimakhala kumadera akutali kwambiri kumpoto. Mbalame zokhazikika zimakhala "nkhalango zakutchire". Simungathe kukumana naye m'mapaki, m'minda, m'makomo ndi m'nkhalango, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachezedwa ndi anthu.
Schur amakhala osati m'malo omwe kuli anthu ambiri, chofunikira kuti mukhale malo abwino ndi kukhalapo kwa posungira. Kutanthauza gulu la mpheta, limakwaniritsa zokongoletsa za banja.
Amachokera ku banja lomwelo monga finch, canary, bullfinch, greenfinch, linnet, goldfinch, siskin. Kutalika kwa mbalame zazitali komanso zazitali kuti zitisangalatse ndi kukongola kwawo komanso kuyimba mosangalala zimatengera kupezeka kwa chakudya kudziko lakwawo. Ngati atavutika ndi zakudya amathanso kukadyetsa makilomita masauzande. Koma kukhala kwa mbalame mdziko lathu mokulira sikumakhala kosamvana.
Mverani mbalame zikuimba
Imakhala ndi mbalame yokhala ndi thupi lowonda mpaka masentimita makumi awiri ndi awiri, mapiko autali pafupifupi masentimita 37, mapiko 12c kutalika kwake, maulalo akuda, mchira wokongola womwe umasiyana ndi masentimita 9 kutalika, ndi mulomo wamfupi.
Mbalameyi imalemera pafupifupi 50 mpaka 65 magalamu. Chithunzi cha mbalame ya Schur, zomwe zimapezeka pamawebusayiti pa intaneti kapena buku lonena za mbalame zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri. Mukakumana ndi mbalame pamtengo, zimakhala zovuta kuyang'ana kumbali, mutha kuyimirira ndikusilira cholengedwa chija kwa maola ambiri. Chakuda sichimaphatikizidwa pakukongoletsa.
Chowoneka m'mapulogalamuwa ndi kupezeka kwamaso amtundu wakuda, nsonga iliyonse ya mapiko imakhala ndi kapezi ofiira kapena mtundu wofiyira. Mitundu yowala imakopa maso a ena kuzungulira mbalame yodabwitsa iyi. Amuna achikulire amawoneka okongola, msana wawo umadetsedwa, mapewa, mutu ndi chifuwa mawonekedwe amtundu wobiriwira wachikuda, ndipo m'mimba mwawo ndi kumbuyo kwawo imatsitsi.
Pa chithunzichi, mbalame yaimuna ndi yamphongo
Mikwingwirima iwiri yomenyera mapiko ndi mulomo wooneka ngati mbedza zomwe sizingachitike konse zimadambuka, izi ndi kusiyana kwa mbalame. Akazi amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ocheperako; achikasu obiriwira okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira amitundu yawo.
Mutha kuyimbira otetezeka amtunduwu - oyimba. Nyimbo schura womveka m'dera lalikulu kumene amakhala. Amphongo amakhala ngati akuyimba, koma zazikazi siziyimba, potero munthu amatha kusiyanitsa chachikazi ndi chachimuna, osaganizira mtundu.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mkhalidwe wokhala ndi mbewa ndi wofanana ndi mawonekedwe a bulfinch ndi mtanda. Wodalirika schur imalola munthu kuyenda ma mita ochepa kuti amasirire mitundu yokongola ya utoto ndikusangalala ndi kuyimba kwa sonorous.
Schur Sizimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola, pakati pa mbalame zina, koma ndi mnzake wa mbewu. Ndi thandizo lake, mitengo ya zipatso ndi tchire zimakhazikika bwino m'malo akulu kwambiri.
Zipatso za juniper zimakonda kupembedza, zimatha kukuta mnofu kuchokera kubulosi ndikusiya njira zawo pansi, zomwe zimakumbukira kwambiri njira za mbalame kuchokera ku ubale wawo - ng'ombe zamphongo. Kumpoto chakum'mawa, mbalame zamitengo yamisidala zimakhazikika, zimakonda mtedza wa paini.
Zosangalatsa zokondweretsa zimasambira m'madzi, ngakhale kuti pali chisanu choopsa ndi akadaude oyera oyera mumsewu. Mbalame zimamva bwino m'makutu a mitengo yayitali. Pofufuza moyo, amasuntha mosavuta pang'onopang'ono phulusa la mapiri, mlombwa ndi tchire labala zipatso zina.
Nthawi zina, mukawona kayendedwe, mutha kuwona zovuta zovuta za acrobatic zochitidwa ndi abwenzi omwe ali ndi anzanu. Masewera akakhala pansi, amasiya kudzikayikira ndipo amayenda bwino, amakhala oseketsa komanso osamva.
Mbalame siziwonetsetsa mwachidwi kwa omwe ali pafupi, kuwonekera nthawi zina kumadutsa malire onse. Nthawi zina, mbalameyi imatchedwa "tramp" kapena, monga zowolokera, "mbalame yotchedwa" gypsy ". Amawonekera mwadzidzidzi, amakhala ngati kunyumba, komanso mwadzidzidzi amangozimiririka.
Kubzala mbalame chakudya
Schur, monga mbalame zina za banja lomaliza, amadya nthangala za mbewu zamsongole ndi tizilombo tina tosiyanasiyana. Amadyanso zakudya zam'mera, koma samakana chakudya chanyama.
Mbewu za mbewu, mitengo imadyera schur mosangalala. Chapakatikati, mphukira, masamba ndi masamba ndizopatsa ulemu, ndipo m'thaka limakonda zitsamba za spruce. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti tizilombo siziphatikizidwa mu chakudya chachikulu cha mbalame zazikulu, koma ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha ziweto zazing'ono.
Ngati nyumba yanu ikulira kuyimba chiweto chawoneka posachedwa, ndiye kuti zakudya zake ziyenera kuonedwa mozama. Kuti musangalatse kucheza ndi mzanu wathanzi komanso wachangu, phatikizani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtedza muzakudya zake:
Lolani mbalameyi kusangalala ndi zosakaniza za chimanga, zipatso za juniper, phulusa lamapiri, mabulosi am'madzi, ma conifers amatumphuka osinthika ndi omwe amasintha, kuwonjezera zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, tchizi cha kanyumba, nyama yophika, dzira kuti lizidya.
Payenera kukhalapo mu zakudya za mavitamini ndi ma mineral complexes. Kuti mtunduwo ukhale wokondweretsa nthawi zonse, perekani chakudya, chomwe chili ndi carotene.
Kubala ndi kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Mbalame zodzipereka zimabweretsa ziweto nthawi zina. Pofuna kuswana, muyenera kuyikamo mbalameyo mu chisa chachikulu ndi mtengo wakula wa Khrisimasi. Ikani zogona zambiri pakati:
- nthambi zoonda
- udzu wofewa
- ulusi waubweya.
Akaziwo akakhala ndi chisa, amapanga ma testicles awiri kapena asanu. Amadikira mazira masiku 13 mpaka 14. Mbalame ziwiri zimachoka chisa patatha milungu iwiri. Ngati mungayang'ane mbalame zachilengedwe, ndiye kuti mapangidwe awiriawiri amatha kuwoneka nthawi yozizira, koma nthawi yogwira imayamba nthawi yomwe kuli chakudya chochuluka - kasupe. Wamphongo ndiwotengeka, chisangalalo, ndi mphamvu sizimusiya pa chibwenzi cha mkazi. Amawuluka mozungulira okondedwa komanso nyimbo za chirp mokweza.
Mu chithunzichi, anapiye amphaka mu chisa
Pambuyo pakukula kwachikazi, chachikazi chimamanganso chisa; pakuchita izi, champhongo sichitenga nawo mbali. Pa kutalika kwa mtengo, chachikazi chachikondi komanso chopindika chimapindika nyumba, imayikira mazira 2-6 mmalo mwake ndikukhalira milungu iwiri.
Pakatha masiku 14, anapiye akuwonekera, abambo amadyetsa ana ndi amayi m'masiku oyamba, popeza mkazi samasiya anapiye ake. Ndipo pakatha milungu itatu, makolo amasiya ana aang'ono kuti azikhala pawokha ndipo akukonzekera lachiwiri.
Kufotokozera kwa Schur
Maluwa oyamba akangogwera pansi, mitengoyo ikataya masamba, masamba ang'onoang'ono, owala, owuluka, amapita ku Russia. Ali ndi dzina lawo chifukwa cha phokoso lomwe limaperekedwa "schu-u-u-rrr". Mawu a mbalame amamveka kuthengo konse chete komanso phokoso la mzinda. Nyimbozi ndizaphokoso kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, amuna okha ndi omwe amayimba, zazikazi sizimapanga mawu oyimba, zomwe (kupatula mtundu wamitundu yambiri) komanso zosiyana ndi zazimuna.
Kukula kwa nyamayo ndi kocheperako, koma thupi limakhala lokhwima kwambiri, linagwetsedwa. Mwa opanga, imasiyanitsidwa ndi mulomo wachidule, mulifupi, pansi, mulomo wokhazikika pansi ndi mchira wautali mosawerengeka.
Zambiri za kachilomboka ndizodziwika bwino, zowala, m'maso a nthenga komanso kapangidwe ka mithunzi yaimuna zimafanana ndi ng'ombe yamphongo.
Mawonekedwe
Mtundu wa Schur wamba, monga tanena kale, ndi wofanana ndi mbalame ya bullfinch. Mutu wake ndi chifuwa chake zimapaka utoto wowala, wonyezimira. Kumbuyo kulinso kapezi, mchira ndi mapiko ndi a bulauni, okhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera, nthenga pamimba ndi imvi. Popeza mwakumana ndi mbalameyi m'nkhalango panthambi ya mtengo, sizingatheke kuchotsa kachidutswa kowoneka bwino komwe kali pafupi ndi chisanu, chakuda ndi choyera, kugona mtulo kwambiri. Monga mbalame zambiri, zazikazi, mosiyana ndi mamuna wammimbayi ndi wowoneka bwino, zimawoneka zochepetsetsa. "Atsikana" a pike, m'malo mwa utoto wa rasipiberi, amapaka utoto.
Kukula kwa mbalame
Woyimira gulu la odutsa la banja lansalu, kachilomboka wamba ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuposa greenfinch, Finch ndi bullfinch, ngakhale ali a banja limodzi la mbalame. Komanso, Schur, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake onyansa, amatha kutchedwa "Finnish cock" ndi "French parrot."
Common Schur - mbalame yaying'ono. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumafikira sentimita 26 kutalika. Mapiko ali pafupi 35 35 cm. Pankhaniyi, kulemera kumasintha mkati mwa 50-60 magalamu okha.
Moyo, machitidwe
Schur - mbalame yaying'ono kuchokera ku dongosolo la passerines. Amakhala makamaka kumadambo a Asia, America ndi Europe. Zikatero, mbalameyi imakhala m'malo opezeka kumpoto kwambiri. Mbalameyi sichimapezeka kawirikawiri m'malo a anthu, m'midzi ndi megacities; ndizosatheka kupeza m'minda kapena m'mapaki amizinda. Ngakhale atakhala kutali kwambiri ndi malo okhala anthu, atakumana ndi munthu m'nkhalango zowirira, adzachita mokhulupirika kwambiri, mpaka angasiye mayendedwe angapo. Chinanso chomwe chimapangitsa kusankha nyumba ya Schur ndi kukhalapo kwa nkhokwe yapafupi.
Mwachilengedwe komanso momwe moyo umakhalira, Schur yofanana ndi mbalame zamtanda kapena buromfinch. Monga tanena kale, ngakhale sanakonde malo amtopola, amene ali ndi tsitsi lomwelo amadzidalira. Amaloleza munthu kukhala yekha pamtunda wamamita angapo, ndikupatsa zochuluka kuti asangalale ndi kukongola kwake ndikuyimba.
Kufunika kwachilengedwe cha mbalameyi nkofunikanso kuzinenanso. Chifukwa cha Schur, tchire la zipatso ndi mitengo zikhonza kukhazikitsidwa m'malo akutali. Ngakhale kuli chisanu komanso kugombe lazama chipale chofewa, kusambira m'madziwe amawonedwa ngati zosangalatsa za Schur.
Ngakhale kuti ili ndi mapiko akuluakulu chotere, mbalamezi zimayenda mosavuta mkati mwa korona wamitengo yayitali ya juniper, phulusa lamapiri ndi tchire tina zazitali zopatsa zipatso. Nthawi zina pakuyenda mumatha kuzindikira zovuta za acrobatic pas. Koma ngakhale izi, squint itangokhala pansi, chisomo ndi chidaliro cha mbalameyo zimasowa kwinakwake, rasipiberi wokhala ndi utoto amawoneka wosasangalatsa, woseketsa komanso wopanda pake.
Ndi angati a Schur
Kufanana kwa mbalame ya Schur ndi bullfinch kumatipatsa mwayi wofanana ndi moyo wawo. Pafupifupi, mbalame imakhala pafupifupi zaka 10-12, bola ikisungidwa kuthengo.
Koma nthawi yomweyo, pike imatha kusungidwa. Ndikusamalira moyenera, ndikuwona kayendedwe ka kutentha, kusintha malo ndi madzi ndimakonzanso malo osambira, Schur imatha kukhala nthawi yayitali mpaka kubala ana ochulukirapo. Koma kukhala bwino kwa zotsatira za mikhalidwe kumadalira mlandu uliwonse. Mbalame imodzi yamtunduwu imatha kuzika mizu mosavuta, ndipo chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake, kwenikweni, imakhala chiweto chofewa. Wina ndi kufa posintha malo, osayanjananso ndikumangidwa m'selo.
Komanso, ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi nyama yabwino ngati iyi kunyumba, muyenera kudziwa kuti pakapita nthawi, komanso m'malo otetezedwa, abuluzi wamba amataya mtundu wawo wowoneka bwino wa rasipiberi, kusandulika kukhala mbalame yokongola kwambiri, yotuwa.
Kugonana kwamanyazi
Ya Schura yaimuna ndi wamwamuna imasiyana mosiyana wina ndi mnzake. Mwaimuna, monga momwe zimayimira mbalame zazimuna zambiri, mtundu wake umakhala wowoneka bwino komanso wowala. Nthenga zake zimakhala ndi khunyu wowoneka bwino komanso utoto wofiirira, zazikazi, monga mbalame zazing'onozi, ndizo utoto wachikasu. Zowonjezera zawo sizowoneka zokopa. Pali zosiyana pamankhwala olimbitsa thupi. Amuna amakhala ochepetsedwa komanso ochulukirapo.
Komanso, amuna amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi khutu. Amuna okha a Schura ndi omwe amatha kufalitsa zoimbira. Chifukwa chake, iwo nthawi yakubereka akuwuza oyimilira achikazi za komwe ali komanso kukonzekera kukhwima.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Nyama zokhala ndi mbewa izi ndi abale a canaries, mitengo yam'madzi ndi ma sison, ndiye kuti, mbalame zomwe zimayimira chikondwerero cha banja, kuwonjezera, iwo omwe ndi mamembala ake. Komabe, ali pafupi kwambiri pamalire ndi zopondera ng'ombe kwambiri kotero kuti ali gawo la kusintha pakati pa majini awiriwo.
Kukula Kwa mbalame imatha kufika 22 cm, ndi kulemera mpaka g 60. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu am'banja lawo ayenera kuwonedwa kukhala okulirapo. Zamoyo zam'mapiko zotere zimawoneka zokongola kwambiri, zimakopa maso ndi maonekedwe awo. Akazi amasiyanitsidwa ndi mithunzi yachikasu komanso yaiwisi komanso yakuda.
Mtundu wofanana ndi cholembacho ndi amuna achichepere, kuphatikiza ndi matani a pinki enieni. Koma zomwe zimawoneka bwino kwambiri ndi amuna okhwima, omwe chifuwa, kumbuyo ndi mutu ndi kapezi, pomwe ali ndi mchira wakuda ndi mapiko, komanso tummy grey. Komabe, ndi zaka, mtundu wa amuna umakhala wowala kwambiri.
Chifukwa chowala, komanso chifukwa mbalame zotere zimakonda kukhala ku Finland, adazitcha "maparishi aku Finnish", ndipo mwa anthu adapatsidwa dzina loti "roost Roosters". Koma kukhala ndendende mpaka kumapeto, nthenga mbalame zachikazi ambiri amtundu wakuda. Ripiberi wokhazikika ndi ofiira ndi malangizo awo okha. Amapanga kuwala kowoneka.
Mitundu yokhala ndi minyewa imeneyi ndi yofinya. Zowoneka mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi aatali, opindika kumapeto kwake, mchira wowongoka, mapiko okhala ndi awiri, akudutsa mizere yoyera, komanso mulomo wopindika kunsi, wokulirapo, wamfupi.
Mawu a mbalame, mawonekedwe ake, ndiwosangalatsa: sonor, okonda thupi, okongola. Phokoso lomwe mbalame zimafotokozerali limatha kukhala nyimbo za paphiri, nthawi zina zimakhala ngati kulira kwa "pew-li", nthawi zina kumakhala ngati likhwangwala, kumveka ngati "kukuwona", pakufotokozerana maubale - awa ndi mawu okhumudwitsa a "kukonzanso kubwezeretsa." ".
Mverani kuimba
Mitundu ya pike imagawidwa kukhala mitundu. Komabe, oimira awo sakhala ndi zochitika zapadera kwambiri. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pamakhalidwe, komanso mtundu wamafuta. Kusiyana kwawo konse kumakhala kwakukulu komanso momwe amakhalira.
Mwa mitundu yayikulu, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa zotsatirazi.
- Schur wamba. Zosiyanasiyana za mbalame zoterezi zimaphatikizapo kumpoto, koma osati ozizira kwambiri kumayiko awiriwa, Europe ndi North America. Pamapu, ndi yopapatiza kuyambira kumpoto mpaka kumwera, koma lalitali kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo, mikwingwirima imafalikira kudera lachitatu la mayiko: Europe, Asia ndi America. Mtunduwu umagawidwa pafupifupi khumi ndi m'modzi, ofanana wina ndi mnzake, subspecies. Amasiyana mu malo okhala malo osungira chisa komanso malo achisanu.
- Schur rhododendric. Oimira mtunduwu ndi anthu okhala ku Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Tibet ndi China. Zili zazing'ono kukula kuposa mitundu yam'mbuyomu ndipo nthawi zambiri sizimakula kutalika kwa 20 cm. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zotere zimapezeka m'mitengo ya Rhododendron. Izi zinali chifukwa cha dzina lawo.
Nthawi zambiri, Schur amagawidwa m'mitundu molingana ndi malo okhala. Mwachitsanzo, subarctic ndi taiga schur amadziwika. Kuphatikizanso apo, kuchuluka kwazinthu zam'madzi zoterezi kumadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha kutentha kwake. Ngati mumvetsetsa bwino, palibe kutsutsana. Ngakhale kuti mtundu wocheperako wa kum'mwera umakhala kumpoto, nthawi zambiri zimayenda nyengo yotentha nyengo yozizira.
Ngakhale taiga nthawi zambiri imakhalabe yozizira kumayiko awo ovuta, ndichifukwa chake amafunikira kutentha kwambiri. Asayansi nawonso atazindikira zomwezo mwa kufufuza mbalame kuchokera ku maluwa okongola a mabanja ku Alaska.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti schurov nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi odya njuchi. Koma awa ndi mbalame zosiyaniratu, zimachokera ku banja lina la anthu omwe amadya njuchi, ndipo amakhala kutali kwambiri kumwera. Ndipo chifukwa chazosokoneza ndizofanana m'mazina.
Chimodzimodzinso mamembala ena a ufumu wokhala ndi mbee ndi omwe timafotokoza schur. Wagolide Mwachitsanzo, wakudya njuchi, mwachitsanzo, ngati woimira banja lodyera njuchi, amakula kukula ndipo amafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 28. Lilinso ndi mtundu wowala, koma wosiyana kwenikweni ndi kafadala.
Chibwano chachikaso chowoneka bwino pakati pa miinjiro, ndichifukwa chake mbalameyo idatchedwa "golide." Komanso, zolengedwa zamphongozi zimatchedwanso kuti zimadya njuchi, chifukwa zimadya njuchi.
Habitat, malo okhala
Common Schur ndi wokhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi za ku Europe, North America, ndipo anthu awo amakhala ndi zisa m'nkhalango za Asia. Nthawi yomweyo, nkhalango zowongoka zokha ndizomwe zimakhazikika pakubadwa kwa ana a Schur. Shura wamba onse amakhala osamuka komanso okhalitsa.
Nthawi zina amasokonezedwa ndi ma bullfinches, koma ngakhale pachithunzichi zimatha kuwoneka kuti, poyesedwa mwaluso, mbalamezi zimasiyana mosiyana.
Zomwe zimadya
Ma Schuras ndi mbalame zokongola ndipo nthawi zambiri amadya nthangala za mitengo yabwino komanso yopanga zipatso, masamba ake ndi mphukira, ndi zipatso. Amawonjezeranso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'zakudya zawo, makamaka nthawi yozizira (kafadala, mphutsi zawo, agulugufe, omwe ali makanema ojambula). Nkhuku zimafunanso chakudya cha nyama, chifukwa chake makolo amazidyetsa ndi tizilombo.
Schur amakonda kwambiri kudya ndi zipatso za juniper ndi zipatso za phulusa, komanso kum'mawa ndi mtedza wa paini.
Komwe kumakhala
Schur - okhala m'nkhalango wamba, amakhala kudera lalikulu la Asia, Europe ndi America. Kwa moyo wonse, mbalamezi zimasankha nkhalango ndi ma cookie, odabwitsa komanso osakanikirana, koma nthawi zonse pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena matupi ena amadzi, chifukwa amakonda njira zamadzi.
Shura sakonda kusunthira pansi, chifukwa chake mitengo yayitali ndi chitetezo chodalirika ku chisa chawo komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Kusamukira kapena nthawi yozizira
Pakati pa Schur, pali onse omwe amasamukira, komanso osunthika ndikukakhazikika. Kudera lililonse, kusunthidwa kwa ma schuros kumadalira nyengo komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya. M'nyengo yozizira, ma pike amatha kupita kummwera komwe amakhala, koma samawulukira patali.
Mitundu ya schur imaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri: wamba ndi rhododendral schur, omwe ali ofanana mu mtundu wa zulu.
Rhododendral schur imasiyana ndi mtundu wawo wobadwa nawo m'mlingo wocheperako (mpaka 20 cm m'litali) ndi malo ogawa. Nyimbo iyi ndi nzika ya China, Tibet, Burma, Bhutan ndi Nepal. Mitunduyi idatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha malo omwe imakonda kwambiri - m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi m'nkhweli za rhododendron ndi juniper.
Amuna ndi akazi: kusiyana kwakukulu
Kuyerekeza kugonana mu Schurov kumatchulidwa kwambiri. Amuna amafanana ndi ma bullfinches amtundu - maso awo amakopeka ndi mawere awo owoneka bwino ndi zotsika. Madera omwewo mwa akazi ndi mbalame zazing'ono amapakidwa utoto wachikasu.
Okonda mbalame nthawi zambiri amakhala mu ukapolo ndipo amayamikila mtunduwu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kosangalatsa komanso mawu osangalatsa. Chochita chawo chokha ndichoti ali mu ukapolo, zyra zimabereka bwino.
Ngati apanga awiriwo, mbalamezo ziyenera kuyikidwa pamalo otsekera ndikusiyira zinthu zambiri zomangira chisa (nthambi, udzu, fluff). Pachilichonse, schurah yaikazi imakhala ndi mazira ochepa amtundu wa buluu, omwe amaswa kwa milungu iwiri. Kenako masiku 13 mpaka 14, makolo amadyetsa anapiye.
Kwa pike, mudzafunika khola lalikulu lokhala ndi mitengo ndipo muli ndi zotengera ziwiri zamadzi - imodzi yoti azimwa, ndipo yachiwiri posambira, monga mbalame zimakonda njira zamadzi.
Zodyetsa?
Monga mbalame yokongola, pike adzafunika kusakanikirana kwa tirigu, masamba ndi mphukira zamitengo yabwino komanso yosakanikirana, masamba ndi zipatso, buliberries, zipatso za mzere, ndi juniper. Muthanso kuwonjezera dzira lokhazikika ndi zidutswa za nyama yophika muzakudya.
Mutha kuchiza chiweto chanu ndi mtedza - ma hazelnuts, mtedza, mtedza ndi mtedza wa paini. Ndipo kuti mbalameyo isataye mtundu wake wowala, nthawi ndi nthawi imadyetsedwa ndi michere yama michere ndi mavitamini.
Zosangalatsa
- Chifukwa cha mitundu yawo yowala, anthu a Schurov amatcha "Kifinishi parrot" kapena "tambala wa ku Finland".
- Ma Schuras amakonda kwambiri kusambira, ndipo ngakhale nthawi yozizira amapeza mayiwe otseguka a izi, ndipo kunyumba, kwa iwo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukonza malo osambira kuwonjezera pa mbale yakumwa.
- Akazi a Schura akumanga chisa pawokha ndipo samalola mwamunayo kuchita nawo njirayi. Akazi okhaokha amasamaliranso anapiye.
- Zakudya zokoma za Schurov, komanso ng'ombe zamphongo, phulusa laphiri. Ndiye chifukwa chake mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka zikaona nthawi yozizira pamakwalala atchire.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Schur kapena kachilomboka wamba - wokhala ndi tsitsi, wa banja labwino kwambiri, dongosolo la Passeriformes ndi mtundu wa Schur. Oyandikira kwambiri ku mtundu wa Schur ndi ofiira komanso owonda ng'ombe. Shchurov kuchokera ku bullfinches amadziwika ndi mulomo wapamwamba.
Chifukwa choti mlomo wa schura ndi waufupi, wopindika komanso wowoneka ngati mbedza, mbalamezo zimatchedwa "mbalame zotchedwa Finnota". Amadziwikanso kuti "Roost roosters" chifukwa cha zovala zofiira kwambiri. Ndipo nthenga adatcha "Schur" chifukwa cha mawu ake, kulira kwa mbalame kumakhala kofanana ndi mawu akuti "schu-uuu-ur."
Kanema: Schur
Mu mtundu wa Schur, pali mitundu iwiri yosiyanitsidwa: Schur wamba ndi rhododendron schur. Karl Linnaeus anali woyamba kufotokozera pike wamba kalelo mu 1758. Tidzafanizira mbalameyi mwatsatanetsatane pambuyo pake. Pike la rhododendra adalongosola koyamba ndi wolemba zachilengedwe wachi England Brian Hodgson mu 1836.
Ponena za mtundu, mitundu yonse ya ma schur ndi ofanana kwathunthu, koma kukula kwa Rhododendron ndi kotsika kuposa wamba, kutalika kwa thupi lake sikupita masentimita 20. China, Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan, Burma amakhala mdera lino. Amakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, kumalumikizana m'nkhalango za juniper ndi rhododendron, chifukwa chake ali ndi dzina.
Tizilomboti timakhala kuti timatupi tambiri komanso tosongoka; timayesedwa ndi achibale oyandikana kwambiri ndi mulomo wotalikirapo komanso wowoneka ngati mbewa kumbuyo kwake ndi mchira wautali kwambiri kuyerekeza thupi lonse. Kutalika kwa thupi lokhala ndi tsitsi kumafika masentimita 26, ndipo unyinji umasiyanasiyana masentimita 50 mpaka 65. Ndiwofanana kukula ndi nyenyezi, ndipo mtundu wake umafanana ndi bulfinch.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Schur ndi wokhala pachikhalidwe kumadera akumpoto kwambiri, samawopa nyengo yozizira ndipo amakhala wokonzeka kutenga njira zamadzi ngakhale mu nthawi yachisanu. Mbalamezi zimasamukira, kukhazikika, komanso zosamveka. Zonse zimatengera nyengo yamadera ena ndi chakudya chochuluka. M'madera ozizira kwambiri, pike imawulukira kumadera akutali kwambiri, koma sichikhala kutali kwambiri ndi malo omwe mungakhale.
M'makhalidwe a anthu, Schura samawona kwambiri, amakonda malo obisika komanso malo akuthengo. Koma, atakumana ndi munthu, Schur samakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndipo amawagwira osalimba, kumulola iye patali kwenikweni kuti munthu athe kulingalira za kukongola kwake ndikumva kuyimba kwamayimbidwe. Misewu imayimbidwa ndi amuna okhaokha omwe amakhala okonzekera china chilichonse kukopa mnzake.
Kuuluka, squint amakhala wachinyengo kwambiri komanso yurok; amayenda mosavuta pakati pa nthambi zolimba, akumachita maphunziro apadera. Mbalameyo ikangolowa, imayamba kukhala yovuta, yosasunthika, yosiya chidaliro komanso chisomo. Chifukwa cha izi, squint samakhala pansi, chifukwa kumtunda kumakhala kokhazikika pamafunde ake ndipo amatetezedwa, akukonda kukhazikika pamitengo yayitali yodziyimira.
Kuyimba kwa Schurov kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri munthawi yaukwati, koma amuna samasiyana ndi nyimbo chaka chonse. Cholinga cha mbalameyi ndi monga kulira mokweza mawu komanso mokuwa kwambiri, kumawoneka kosakoma komanso kosasangalatsa, koma izi ndi mawonekedwe chabe, munthawi yomwe ochita masewerawa amachita amakhala akuyesetsa kuti adziwonetse okha kuchokera kumbali yabwino.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Nthawi ya mbalame yaukwati ku Schurov imachitika kumapeto kwa masika. Osati kawirikawiri, zitha kuwonedwa mu Marichi, koma izi zimachitika pamene masika afunda. Schur cavalier ndiwotsika mtima, amakhala ngati munthu wofatsa, nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi osankhidwa, akuwuluka mozungulira mozungulira mozungulira ndikuyimba nyimbo zake zamkati, zofanana ndi phokoso la chitoliro.
Atagonana, mzimayiyu payekha amayamba kukonzekeretsa chisa chake, wophunzirayo sachita nawo ntchitoyi, koma si vuto lake, mayi wokhala ndi mtsogolo amamuletsa kuchita izi. Chisa chikumangidwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe, chimakhala chokwera kwambiri, chachikazi chimachiyika kutali ndi thunthu kuti chizikhala chotetezeka. Kapangidwe kake kali kokulirapo ndipo kamafanana ndi mbale yomangidwa ndi nthambi zazing'ono, masamba osiyanasiyana. Pansi pa chisa pali bedi la nthenga lofewa lomwe limapangidwa ndi ubweya, moss, fluff masamba, nthenga.
Kulimbitsa kwa pike kumakhala ndi mazira atatu mpaka 6, pomwe chipolopolo chake chimakhala ndi mtundu wamtambo wamtambo wokhala ndi madontho amdima. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Ndi munthu wamkazi wokhala ndi tsitsi lokha amene amasodza mazira, ndipo bambo wamtsogolo amapatsa mnzakeyo chakudya, chifukwa chachikazi sichisiye malo okhalamo. Pambuyo pa kuwakhanda kwa ana, yamphongo imapitilizabe kudyetsa ena mwa akazi ndi ana, omwe nthawi zonse amakhala chisa chofunda.
Anapiye obadwa kumene amavala chovala chofiirira, amakhala ndi chidwi chodabwitsa, amafuula mokweza ndipo amafunikira kuwonjezera. Zakudya zawo ndizodzaza ndi mitundu yonse ya tizilombo, kotero kuti tiana ta mapiko tikukula msanga. Pakupita milungu itatu, amapanga ndege zawo zoyamba, ndipo akakhala ndi mwezi umodzi ndi theka, anapiyewo amadzilamulira okha, kusiya malo awo okhalamo kufunafuna moyo wabwino. Kutalika kwa moyo wa Schurov okhala zachilengedwe kuyambira zaka 10 mpaka 12.
Adani achilengedwe a Schura
Chithunzi: Kodi squint amawoneka bwanji?
Schur ndi laling'onoting'ono ndipo lili ndi mtundu wamafuta owoneka bwino, motero imatha kuwonekera kutali ndi adani ena omwe satsutsa kudya mbalamezi. Nthawi zambiri Schurov amapulumutsa mfundo yoti amakonda kukhala pamwamba kwambiri korona wa mitengo, sikuti chilombo chilichonse chimatha kufika kumeneko. Tizilombo tating'ono tating'ono timakonzekeretsa zisa zawo kutali ndi mitengo ikuluikulu kuti iwapangitse kuvutika. Adani a Schurov kuthengo akuphatikizapo zikho, martens ndi amphaka amphaka.
Zachidziwikire, achinyamata osadziwa zambiri komanso anapiye ochepa kwambiri amakhala osatetezeka ndipo amakonda chizolowezi chomenya. Koma chachikazi sichimasiya makanda obadwa kumene, banja lonse limadyetsedwa koyamba ndi bambo wachikondi wopanda tsitsi, kotero kuti ana nthawi zonse amakhala pansi pa chitetezo cha amayi, chomwe chimapulumutsa miyoyo yawo.
Kwa adani a Schurov amathanso kuwerengedwa anthu omwe amavulaza mbalame ndi machitidwe awo osaganizira, omwe amangofuna kukondweretsa munthu. Mwa kulowerera ma biotope achilengedwe, kutsitsa matupi amadzi, kumanga misewu ndi mizindayi, kudula mitengo, kuwononga chilengedwe, anthu amasokoneza moyo wa mbalame, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwawo.
Musaiwale za kukhulupirika kwa mbalame zokongola izi, zomwe nazo zimatha kusewera nthabwala zankhanza. Ena schuras amakhala mizu bwino muukapolo, ngakhale kubereka ana, amakhala omasuka kwathunthu komanso ochezeka, pomwe ena amafa m'makola, chifukwa sangathe kupirira kutaya kwa ufulu wa mbalame ndi kudziyimira pawokha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Schur - mbalame, makamaka kumpoto, zimakhala kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti mutha kukumana ndi Schur kulikonse, ngati mpheta, sizofala kwambiri ndipo amayesera kuti asakhale kutali ndi malo okhala. Sizachilendo kuwona shchurov chifukwa mbalame zimakhala m'malo omwe phazi la munthu silimayenda pafupipafupi, ndipo pafupifupi nthawi zonse mbalame zimakhala zazitali kwambiri korona wamtengo.
Ndizolimbikitsa kuti IUCN sinalembedwe pa Mndandanda Wofiyira, mbalame yokongola modabwitsa iyi siyikumana ndi kutha, ndipo njira zapadera zotetezera sizitengedwera pokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa Schur. Pa gawo la dziko lathu, Schur mulinso mtundu wa Red Book, womwe sungakhale wosangalala koma wokondwa. Mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko Lonse, Schur ili m'gulu la mitundu yomwe imayambitsa nkhawa pang'ono.
Zachidziwikire, kuchuluka kwachuma kwamunthu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kupanga misewu yayikulu, kumanga malo okhala komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe chonse, zimakhudza moyo wamomwe ambiri amayimira, kuphatikizapo Schur, koma pakadali pano mbalame zowala izi mosamala mwapadera zifunike. Tikukhulupirira kuti zoterezi, zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi, zipitiliza.
Mapeto, ndikufuna kuwonjezera izi schur mu chovala chake chowala komanso chokongola ndichabwino. Simungathe kudzipatula, kuyang'ana chithunzi cha mbalameyi mutakhala panthambi kapena phulusa laphiri lamapiri. Schur, ngati masamba okongola, limaphuka pamtengo nthawi yozizira, ndikukongoletsa malo ozizira a monochrome. Kuyang'ana kutsogolo kwa chipale chofewa, squint, kuti mufanane ndi mumaikonda kwambiri owoneka bwino, amawoneka okopa, akuwoneka kuti ndi okongola komanso opatsa chidwi, akutsimikizira zabwino komanso zolimbikitsa.
Mbale
Mbalame ya squint imadziwika kuti ndi nkhalango yanadongosolo. Kudya mbewu, mbalame zamnyengo zam'madzi zomwe zadyeka kale zimagawira mbewu zotsalira m'malo ambiri, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mphukira zatsopano zikamera. Komanso, mbalame zimathandizira mitengo yobzala kale polandira tizirombo tating'ono kuchokera ku makungwa - nyongolotsi, nsikidzi ndi mphutsi zake. Ngakhale alimi ambiri angatsutse mkangano ndi izi. Zowonadi, pike ikhoza kukhala chiwopsezo chachikulu ku gulu la njuchi. Ngakhale zinali zomvetsa chisoni chotere, Schur imatchula za munthu wokonda kwambiri tirigu, zakudya zake makamaka zimakhala ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali komanso yabwino kwambiri. Zosankha zingaphatikizeponso mphukira zazing'ono, zipatso ndi masamba.
Ngakhale ndizofunikira kwambiri pakudya pacakudya, popanda chakudya chazomera, Schur wamba nthawi zina imalimbikitsidwa ndi tizilombo. Pakati pawo pali agulugufe okhala makanema ojambulira, nsikidzi zazing'ono ndi mphutsi zawo. Komanso, ndi chakudya chochuluka cha nyama, zakudya za anapiye ang'onoang'ono zimakonzedwa. Makolo amawapatsa chakudya.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Chakumapeto kwa nyengo yophukira, kachilomboka kawirikawiri, nthawi yopanga imayamba. Nthawi zina, kusiyana kwanyengo, komwe kumatentha kwambiri, nthawi imeneyi imatha kumayambiriro, komwe ndi mu Marichi.
Pike yamphongo ndi njonda yolimba, chifukwa amayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi mayi wosankhidwa. Amawuluka chachikazi pafupifupi nthawi zonse. Nthawi yomweyo, bambo wamwamuna amangokhalira kumayimba, nyimbo za schur sizotsika ndi ma nightingales konse, amatha kufananizidwa ndi nyimbo yomwe ikusewera chitoliro.
Akazi zikagonjetsedwa ndikukhwima zikachitika, champhongo chimaleka kutenga nawo gawo limodzi, ndipo mayi wamtsogolo amatenga chithandizochi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndiye chachikazi chomwe sichimalola kuti bambo wamtsogolo agwire nawo ntchito yomanga nyumba ndikupititsa maphunziro a anapiye. Nthawi yamakonzedwe imagwera kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe kapena kumapeto kwa masika. Nyumba ikumangidwa pamalo okwera kwambiri; mkaziyo akuyesera kuyiyika kutali kwambiri ndi mtengo.
Chisa cha Schur ndichabwino kwambiri. Ngakhale kakang'ono ka mbalameyo palokha - nyumbayo imamangidwa modabwitsa ndipo imakhala ndi kapu. Monga chida chomanga, timitengo ting'onoting'ono ndi mitundu yonse ya udzu timagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pansi pali linga ndi pilo yofewa yopangidwa ndi moss yomwe imapezeka m'malo otseguka pansi, nthenga ndi ubweya.
Chisa chikangokonzeka, nthawi yakumanga kwina. Mu clutch imodzi, monga lamulo, mpaka 6 okongola, imvi, buluzi, mazira achikuda amaikidwa. Pamaso pa chipolopolo, mutapenda mozama, mutha kuwona malekezero akuda.
Masabata angapo atagona, anapiyewo amabadwa. Zachidziwikire, ndi mkazi yekha yemwe amachita nawo kuwaswa. Potere, wamwamuna amayamba kuchita theka lachiwiri la ntchito yake atakhwima - chakudya.Amapatsa mayi wa mtsogolo chakudya, mwana akangobadwa kumene amamugwirira ntchito, popeza wamkazi wosamala samachoka mchisa ndi anapiye.
Thupi la nyama zazing'ono mukangobadwa limakutidwa ndi imvi. Ndipo kuyambira mphindi yoyamba ya moyo, ana amasiyanitsidwa ndi kudya kwambiri, omwe amafunafuna chakudya cha achikulire mosalekeza. Pakatha milungu itatu ya chakudya chabwino, anapiye amayamba kuyesa kuthawa, ndipo atatha mwezi umodzi ndi theka atha kuchoka pachisa, kukafunafuna moyo wodziyimira payekha.
Jiografia yokhala
Common Schur ndi wokhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi za ku Europe ndi North America, ndipo anthu ochepa amakhala m'nkhalango za ku Asia. Zomera mu nkhalango zowongoka zokha. Ma Schuras amakhala ndi moyo wosamukasamuka komanso wamakhalidwe.
Mbalame yokhazikika: yamphongo pa spruce.
Wamphongo wa Schur amawoneka ngati ng'ombe yamphongo.
Schur ndizovuta kusiyanitsa kuchokera ku bullfinch.
Schur amakonda kwambiri phulusa laphiri.
Gulu la shchurov phulusa laphiri.
Zopatsa Thanzi ndi Khalidwe
Common Schur amathanso kudya zonse zam'mera ndi nyama. Nthawi zambiri, m'zakudya zake, mitengo yaying'ono, mphukira zam'mera, masamba, masamba, zipatso za spruce, mtedza, zipatso ndi zipatso, zipatso. Kudya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, Schur imathandizira chilengedwe kulimbana ndi majeremusi, koma tizilombo ndizosowa m'zakudya zake, zimapanga maziko a kupatsa thanzi kwa anapiye ang'onoang'ono.
Mbalamezi ndizodekha, zokhala chete komanso zobisalira, zimadalira kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuyandikira munthu pafupi ndi iwo, kotero kupanga chithunzi chawo sikungakhale kovuta.
Ma Schuras nthawi zambiri amakhala okha, m'magulu ang'onoang'ono - mpaka mbalame khumi - amatha kuchoka ku Okutobala mpaka Marichi.
Male Schura phulusa laphiri.
Male Schura phulusa laphiri.
Male Schura phulusa laphiri.
Pike yachikazi imadyera phulusa la kumapiri.
Schur: wamwamuna m'nyengo yozizira amadya phulusa laphiri.