Nkhalango ndi amodzi mwa malo okhala mbalame. Nthawi iliyonse pachaka, mbalame zambiri zimapezeka kuthengo. Pamenepo, mbalame zimapeza chakudya, zimamanga zisa, kuyikira mazira ndi kuwaswa anapiye awo. Nthambi zanthete zamtchire zimabisala mbalame kwa adani ndikuziteteza ku nyengo zovuta.
Moyo wa nkhuku zambiri, mbalame zam'masiku, nyama zowuluka, pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamatabwa ndi mitundu yambiri yamtambo imalumikizidwa ndi nkhalango. Mbalame zonsezi zimakhala ndi mapiko afupi, otambalala ndi mchira wautali, zomwe zimawalola kuyenda mosavuta pakati pa mitengo ikuluikulu, mwachangu kuchoka, pang'onopang'ono ndikukhala pansi.
Mbalame iliyonse yamtchire imakhalanso ndi zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kuti zizisintha mwanjira yabwino kwambiri pamoyo wa nkhalango.
Magulu a Habitat mbalame
Akatswiri a Ornithologists amasiyanitsa magulu anayi, omwe kumangiriza kwake kwa ma biotopes ena kumawonekera makamaka mawonekedwe. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi (kuphatikiza swamp) zimakhala ndi miyendo yayitali ndi khosi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusaka zakudya mu nthaka yabwino.
Mbalame zakutchire zotseguka nthawi zambiri zimawuluka pandege zazitali, motero zimapatsidwa mapiko olimba, koma mafupa opepuka. Waterfowl imafunikira chida champhamvu chogwira nsomba, zomwe kwa iwo imakhala mulomo wamphamvu kwambiri. Mbalame zamtchire, makamaka kumpoto komanso kotentha, nthawi zambiri zimasowetsedwa khosi, zimakhala ndi mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi maso mbali zawo, ndi miyendo yayifupi.
Magulu achilengedwe amtundu wa chakudya
Ndipo pano mbalamezi zimagawika m'magulu anayi: aliyense alibe zokonda zake zokha, komanso zida zapadera, komanso njira zokasaka mwanzeru. Mwa njira, mbalame zamatchire zimagwera m'magulu onse odziwika:
- safetivoresores (mwachitsanzo, ma tepi kapena ma pikas) - ali ndi mulomo wokhotakhota womwe umalowa mchimodzimodzi ndikatulutsa tizilombo kuchokera masamba,
- herbivorous / granivorous (ngati Schur) - wokhala ndi mulomo wolimba womwe umatha kuthyola chigobacho.
- nyama zolusa (mwachitsanzo, chiwombankhanga) - miyendo yawo yolimba yokhala ndi zibwano zamphamvu ndi mulomo wowoneka ngati mbeza zimasinthidwa kuti zigwire masewera ang'onoang'ono,
- omnivores (monga magpie) - adalandira mlomo wooneka ngati chibadwa kuyambira pakubadwa, wogwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya.
Kuti musagwere nthambi poyang'ana chakudya, mbalame zamatchire zosavutikira (zipatso, mafumu, pikas, anapiye ndi ena) gwiritsani ntchito zala zazitali ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa. Mbalame zodya-mapira (shchur, greenfinch, mtengo wa oak ndi ena) zimanonkha zipatso zamitengo yamtchire ndi chitumbuwa, ndikuwoloka ndi malekezero akuthwa a mtanda.
Zosangalatsa. Kuphatikiza apo ndi osaka tizilombo touluka, omeza ndi osambira ndi mlomo wofatsa kwambiri. Koma amakhala ndi odula pakamwa (omwe ngodya zake zimapita kuposa maso), pomwe "zimakoka" ma midges owuluka.
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zimagwirizananso mbalame zamtchire zodyera (kadzidzi, nsikidzi, ma shikem ndi ena) - awa ndi masomphenya abwino, kumva kwabwino komanso kuthekera kolowera m'nkhalango nthawi zambiri.
Kupatukana mwachilengedwe kusamuka
Kutengera ndi kukhalapo / kusapezeka kwaulendo ndi mtundu wawo, mbalame zamtchire zimagawidwa pokhazikika, zimayendayenda komanso zosamukira. Nawonso, kusamuka konse nthawi zambiri kumagawika maulendo amtunda (nthawi yophukira ndi kasupe), komanso kusamuka (nthawi yophukira-yozizira ndi yokhazikika-posachedwa). Mbalame zomwezi zimatha kusamukira kapena kukhazikika, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi momwe akukhalira m'deralo.
Mbalame zimakakamizidwa kugunda pamsewu ndi:
- kuwonongeka kwa chakudya,
- kuchepa masana
- kutsitsa kutentha kwa mpweya.
Nthawi yosunthira imatsimikiziridwa, monga lamulo, kutalika kwa njirayo. Nthawi zina mbalame zimabweranso pambuyo pake chifukwa chakuti zidasankha malo akutali nthawi yachisanu kuti zisangalatse.
Zosangalatsa. Sikuti mbalame zonse zamtchire sizimayenda mwakuuluka. Blue grouse imagona mtunda wautali ... wapansi. Njira imodzimodziyo imagwiritsa ntchito emu, yoyenda ma kilomita kukafunafuna madzi pakagwa chilala.
Kusamutsidwa kwakanthawi kumachitika pamtunda wautali komanso wamfupi. Chifukwa chakusuntha kwakanyengo, mbalame zamtchire zimakhala m'malo omwe sizikhala otukuka nthawi zina pachaka.
Mbalame zakutchire zosamukasamuka
Munkhalango za dziko lathu, mbalame zosamuka zimakhazikika, zimapita kumwera zokhazokha (nkhaka, owetera masana ndi ena), m'makoma kapena magulu akulu. Achinyamata, kusenda, mphodza ndi maimeza zimawuluka koyamba nthawi yozizira, ndipo kale kuzizira - abakha, atsekwe ndi swans.
Ma Flocks amawuluka pamtunda wosiyanasiyana: ma passerines - osakweza kuposa mamitala angapo mwachangu mpaka 30 km / h, yayikulu - pamtunda wa 1 km, kuthamanga mpaka 80 km / h. Kutsatira kumwera ndikubwerera mnyumbayo, mbalame zosamukira zimatsatira njira zosamukasamuka, zimadziunjikira kumalo abwino zachilengedwe. Ndegeyi imakhala ndimagawo angapo, omwe amakhala mkati mopangidwira kwakanthawi kochepa, komwe oyenda amapeza mphamvu komanso kudya.
Zosangalatsa. Zocheperako mbalame, zazifupi mtunda womwe iyo ndi anzanga zimatha kuthana nazo osayima: mitundu yaying'ono imawuluka osapuma pafupifupi maola 70-90, ikuyenda mtunda wa 4,000 km.
Maulendo akuthamanga kwa gululo komanso mbalame imodzi imatha kusiyanasiyana nyengo ndi nyengo. Mitundu ikuluikulu yambiri imakhala m'gulu la mbalame 12-16, yofanana ndi V-mawonekedwe a V: dongosolo lofananalo limathandiza kuchepetsa kuwononga mphamvu zawo. Mitundu yosamukira ku nkhaka zotentha imadziwikanso, mwachitsanzo, tinthu ting'onoting'ono tating'ono timene timakhala ku Africa koma timasamba ku India kokha.
Mbalame zamtchire zodzigonera
Izi zimaphatikizapo iwo omwe samakonda kusunthira mtunda wautali ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito nyengo yachisanu m'malo awo - maula, akhwangwala, kadzidzi, nuthatch, ma jay, njiwa zaimvi, mpheta, Woodpeckers ndi ena. Zambiri chisa mumzindawu kapena malo ozungulira, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa adani achilengedwe owopsa komanso kuchuluka kokwanira kwa chakudya. Mbalame zokhazikika zimasamukira kuzizira pafupi ndi nyumba zogona kuti zitheke mwayi wambiri pazakudya. Ngati titalankhula za mitundu yotentha, ambiri aiwo amangokhala.
Mbalame zina zamtchire
Kedari
p, blockquote 40,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 41,0,0,0,0 ->
Klest-elovik
p, blockquote 42,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 43,0,0,0,0 ->
Kiti yofiyira
p, blockquote 44,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 45,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 46,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 47,0,0,0,0 ->
Mtundu wa Blue
p, blockquote 48,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 49,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 50,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 51,0,0,0,0 ->
Moscow
p, blockquote 52,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 53,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 54,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 55,0,0,0,0 ->
Wouluka ntchofu
p, blockquote 56,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 57,0,0,0,0 ->
Redstart wamba
p, blockquote 58,1,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 59,0,0,0,0 ->
Zaryanka wamba
p, blockquote 60,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 61,0,0,0,0 ->
Pika wamba
p, blockquote 62,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 63,0,0,0,0 ->
Jay wamba
p, blockquote 64,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 65,0,0,0,0 ->
Dinani kuvina
p, blockquote 66,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 67,0,0,0,0 ->
Khungubwe wamba
p, blockquote 68,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 69,0,0,0,0 ->
Wren wamba
p, blockquote 70,0,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 71,0,0,0,0 ->
Kachilomboka wamba
p, blockquote 72,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 73,0,0,0,0 ->
Nuthatch wamba
p, blockquote 74,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 75,0,0,0,0 ->
Waxing wamba
p, blockquote 76,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 77,0,0,0,0 ->
Bullfinch
p, blockquote 78,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 79,0,0,0,0 ->
Zingwe
p, blockquote 80,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 81,0,0,0,0 ->
Wand
p, blockquote 82,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 83,0,0,0,0 ->
Gule
p, blockquote 84,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 85,0,0,0,0 ->
Wamba Owl
p, blockquote 86,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 87,0,0,1,0 ->
Garden Warbler
p, blockquote 88,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 89,0,0,0,0 ->
Mbewa yakuda
p, blockquote 90,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 91,0,0,0,0 ->
Siskin
p, blockquote 92,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 93,0,0,0,0 ->
Reel
p, blockquote 94,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 95,0,0,0,0 ->
Sparrowhawk
p, blockquote 96,0,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 97,0,0,0,0 ->
Goshawk
p, blockquote 98,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 99,0,0,0,0 ->
Dubonos
p, blockquote 100,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 101,0,0,0,0 ->
Buluu wamtambo
p, blockquote 102,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 103,0,0,0,0 ->
Oriole
p, blockquote 104,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 105,0,0,0,0 ->
Kutsiriza
p, blockquote 106,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 107,0,0,0,0,0 ->
Zaryanka
p, blockquote 108,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 109,0,0,0,0,0 ->
Magpie
p, blockquote 110,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 111,0,0,0,0 ->
Cuckoo
p, blockquote 112,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 113,0,0,0,0 ->
Khwangwala wamba
p, blockquote 114,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 115,0,0,0,0 ->
Mbalame zoyendayenda
Zomwe zimatchedwa mbalame zomwe zimayendayenda kukafunafuna zakudya kuchokera kumalo kupita kwina kunja kwa nyengo yoswana. Kuyendayenda koteroko, chifukwa cha nyengo komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya, alibe njira yoyendera, ndichifukwa chake samatengedwa kusamuka (ngakhale mazana ndi makilomita masauzande okutidwa ndi mbalame zoyendayenda kumapeto kwa nesting).
Akatswiri a Ornithologists amakambanso za kusunthika kwakanthawi, ndikuwasiyanitsa ndi zonse zazitali komanso kuyendayenda. Fomu yapakatiyi, ngakhale ndiyodziwikiratu kuti imakhala yofanana, ikuwuzidwa panthawi yomweyo pakusaka zakudya ndi nyengo zina. Mbalame zimakana kusamukira kwakanthawi kochepa ngati nyengo yotentha ili yotentha ndipo m'nkhalangoyi muli chakudya chochuluka.
Pa gawo la dziko lathu, mbalame zamtchire zodziwika monga:
Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti kum'mwera kwa mtundu wawo, khwangwala imvi komanso phokoso (mwachitsanzo) lidzakhala moyo wokhazikika, koma woyenda kumpoto. Mbalame zambiri zotentha zimawuluka nyengo yamvula ikayamba. Woimira banja la Kingfisher ku Senegalese Alcyon asamukira ku equator nthawi yachilala. Kusuntha kwakanthawi kwakanthawi komanso kusamuka kwakutali ndizodziwika kwa mbalame zamnkhalango zomwe zimakhala ku Himalaya ndi Andes.
Pomaliza
Popeza pafupifupi mitundu itatu mwa mitundu ya mbalame imapezeka m'nkhalango, kudula mitengo ndikovuta kwambiri kwa mbalame. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu sipulumuka kunja kwa nkhalango ndipo siziwuluka pakati pa nkhalango zotsalazo. Kudula mitengo kumayendetsedwa ndi kufunikira kwa mitengo, mapepala ndi nthaka pomwe mbewu ndi ndalama za mabulosi zimalimidwa.
p, blockquote 116,0,0,0,0 -> p, blockquote 117,0,0,0,0,1 ->
Mbalame zamtchire zimavutika ndi zilombo zakuthengo - amphaka. Moto wa m'nthawi ya chilimwe umawononga malo osungirako zinyama ndi ana a mbalame zamatchire nthawi ino pachaka. Kusintha kwanyengo kumakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa mitundu yankhalango. Zomwe nkhalango zimatha kuvunda kapena kugwa chifukwa kusowa chinyezi.
Mbalame za ku nkhalango ku Australia
Pazilumba zikuluzikulu komanso zoyandikana, komanso pachilumba cha Tasmania, pali mitundu 655, yomwe yambiri imadziwika kuti ndi dera (chifukwa chakupatula kwa madera). Endemism, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri pamlingo wa mitundu, genera ndi mabanja ocheperana, imakhala yochepa kwambiri m'mabanja - mbalame za lyre, oyendayenda ku Australia, emus ndi mbalame za shrub.
Mwachizolowezi, kapena chokhala ndi chisoti, kassowary
Anapatsidwa maina a mbalame yayikulu kwambiri ku Australia ndi mbalame yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri (pambuyo pa nthiwatiwa) padziko lonse lapansi. Mitundu yonse itatu ya ma cassowaries adavekedwa ndi "chisoti"
Choonadi. Mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe osiririka - Kukula kwamiyala iwiri ndi unyinji wa pafupifupi 60 kg - chipewa chotsekedwa chimawonedwa ngati mbalame yachinsinsi kwambiri ku Australia.
Masana, amabisalira pachikepe, ndikupita kukadyetsa dzuwa kutuluka / kulowa kwa dzuwa ndikuyang'ana zipatso, mbewu ndi zipatso. Khola wamba samanyoza nsomba ndi nyama zapadziko lapansi. Ma Cassowaries samawuluka, amapezeka ku Australia kokha, komanso ku New Guinea. Amuna achimuna ndi abambo achitsanzo: kumawaswa mazira ndi kulera anapiye.
Wedge Chiwombankhanga
Amadziwika kuti ndi wadyera wotchuka kwambiri wazaka zonse zaku Australia. Molimba mtima komanso mwamphamvu, chiwombankhanga chosanja chake sichotsika poyerekeza ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide, sichimangosankha mitundu yaying'ono ya kangaroo, komanso mabatani akuluakulu ngati nyama. Chiwombankhanga chosokoneza ukwati sichikufuna ndipo kuchotsa mtembowo. Chisa chimamangidwa kumtunda, pamtengo, ndikukhalamo kwa zaka zambiri mzere. Chiwombankhanga chomwe chimasokonekera kwambiri chikuchepa kwambiri, ndipo alimi aku Australia omwe akuweta ziweto ndi omwe akuchititsa izi.
Mbalame yayikulu yare
Mzinda wa Lyrebird, womwe umakhala m'malo obiriwira mvula komanso otentha kwambiri, umadziwika kuti ndi mbalame ya ku Australia ndipo umadziwikiratu pakati pa ena chifukwa cha mlengalenga wake wochititsa chidwi komanso waluso. Nyimbo yodukiza ya lyrebird ndiyodabwitsa kwambiri - imakhala mpaka maola 4 ndipo imaphatikizaponso kutsanzirira kwa mawu a mbalame zomwe zimalowa mkati ndi zikwangwani zamagalimoto, kuwombera, kubangula kwa galu, nyimbo, phokoso la injini, alamu wamoto, jackhammer ndi zina zambiri.
Mbalame yayikulu yamaluwa imagona pamitengo, ndipo imadya pansi, ikumataya zinyalala ndi makhosi ake kuti ipeze nyongolotsi, nkhono, tizilombo ndi zinthu zina zing'onozing'ono. Ma alubino ambiri amakhala m'mapaki adziko la Australia, kuphatikiza Dandenong ndi Kinglake.
Mbalame Zankhondo ku North America
Zinyama za ku North America zopezeka ku America, zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu 600 ndi malamulo 19, ndizosawuka kwambiri kuposa Central ndi South. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ina imakhala yofanana ndi ku Europe, ina inauluka kuchokera kumwera, ndipo ochepa okha ndi omwe angatengedwe kuti ndi achilengedwe.
Gigantic Hummingbird
Woyimira wamkulu kwambiri (20 cm kutalika kwake ndi 18-18 g) woimira banja la hummingbird ndi mtundu wachilengedwe waku South America womwe umakonda kukhazikika pamtunda wa 2.1 to 4 km kumtunda kwa nyanja. Mbalame zamtchirezi zakasefukira minda yakumidzi / minda m'malo otentha, komanso nkhalango zamapiri zotentha komanso zam'malo otentha, ndipo zimapezeka zitsamba zouma. Chimphona chotchedwa hummingbird chizolowera kukhala m'mapiri chifukwa cha kupangika kwa magetsi - ngati kuli kofunikira, mbalameyo imachepetsa kutentha thupi.
Buluu wamtambo
Otumizidwa ndi banja la pheasant ndikukhazikika munkhalango za Rocky Mountain, pomwe paini wachikasu ndi Douglas fir amakula. Atamaliza kubereka, buluu wamtambo wamtunduwu amasamukira ku nkhalango zamapiri zamapiri zomwe zimakhala kumtunda, pafupifupi 3.6 km kumtunda kwa nyanja. Zakudya za chilimwe za buluu zamtchire zimakhala ndizomera zamitundu yambiri, monga:
- maluwa ndi maluwa,
- masamba ndi mbewu,
- zipatso ndi masamba.
M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimakakamizidwa kusinthana ndi singano za paini, makamaka paini. Mu nthawi yakukhwima, amuna amatuluka (monga onse akuda grouse) ndikusintha - kulowetsa ma infraorbital crests, kuwongola mchira ndi kuwombera nthenga pakhosi, kukopa akazi ndi mitundu yowala ya maula.
Yaikaziyo imayala kirimu 5- kirimu, wokhala ndi mawanga a bulauni, mazira mu chisa chomwe chimakonzedwa kale, lomwe ndi dzenje pansi lakutidwa ndi udzu ndi singano.
Collared Grouse
Mbalame inanso yamtchire ku North America, mbadwa ya banja la agogo. Kutha kugwetsa "tizigolomo" kunabweretsa kutchuka kwa kola, komwe koyamba kumveka kale mu Okutobala - Marichi. Wamphongo wamwamuna amakhala akuwombera pamtengo wakugwa ndikukula ndi bulu (osati patali ndi mphepete mwa msewu, dambo kapena msewu), womangidwa nthawi zonse ndi tchire. Kenako, hazel grouse imayamba kuthamanga ndi kutsitsa thunthu ndi mchira wake kufalikira, ndikukweza nthenga ndi kolala pansi.
Zosangalatsa. Nthawi inayake, yamphongo imaleka ndikuwonekera kutalika kwake kokwanira, imayamba kuwuluka mapiko ake mwachangu komanso lakuthwa, kotero kuti izi zimamveka kukhala nkhondo ya ngoma.
Pambuyo pa kusewera, mbalameyo imakhala pansi ndikuyang'ana pansi kuti ibwererenso manambala pambuyo pakupumula kwa mphindi 10. Akasankha malo, wokonda kolala amakhala wokhulupirika kwa iye kwazaka zambiri.
Mbalame Zamtchire ku South America
Apa pamakhala mitundu yochepera 3,000, kapena zopitilira kotala za nyama za padziko lapansi. Mbalamezi zikuyimira mabanja a 93, ambiri mwa iwo ndi opezeka kumapeto, 23 komanso kulamula.
Cuckoos
South America inakhala ndi mitundu 23 ya ma cockoos, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo (ndendende, zachikazi) ndi majeremusi oona malo okhala. Ani ndi Guira cuckoos amadziwika ndi zochitika ziwiri - amadzimanga okha kapena amakhala ndi alendo. Omwe ali ndi udindo waukulu kwambiri pankhaniyi, akumanga zisa ndi kuyamwitsa ana pawokha.
Mitundu ina imakonda kuchitira zinthu pamodzi - awiriawiri amapanga chisa chimodzi, pomwe akazi onse amaikira mazira. Kukumana ndikudyetsa mitundu yonse ya gululi.
Ma cockoos aku South America ndi mbalame zamitchire, zomwe zimakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zowirira ndi zitsamba, ngakhale mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, Mexico cactus cuckoo, imapezeka m'madambo momwe cacti yokha imakula.
Parrots
Anthu okhala m'malo otenthawa amaimiridwa ndi mitundu 25 ya 25 yomwe ili ndi mitundu 111, yotchuka kwambiri yomwe ndi Amazon wobiriwira, komanso macaws abuluu, achikaso, ofiira komanso abuluu achikasu. Pali mitundu yayikulu-kakulidwe (green passerine) yomwe imakhala yotsika ndi Macaw kukula kwake, koma osati pakuwala kowonjezereka. Ma parroti ambiri amasankha nkhalango zotentha kuti azikhalamo, koma mitundu ina siziopa malo otseguka, ikamamanga zisa zawo m'miyala kapena m'miyala.
Chinamu
Banja la mitundu 42 ndilopezeka ku South ndi Central America. Osati kale kwambiri, mbalame adathamangitsidwa mu nkhuku za nkhuku, komwe zidachitika chifukwa chofanana ndi magawo, ndikuzindikiridwa ngati abale a nthiwatiwa. Ma tinama onse amawuluka bwino, koma amathamanga bwino, ndipo anyamatawa amatsata malo amtundu wawo, akumalimbana ndi ophwanya malire.
Zovuta izi sizigwira ntchito kwa akazi: mwiniwake amakumana ndi onse amene amayenda m'chigawo chake.
Nyama yonse yosautsa imagwiritsa ntchito mazira pachisa chimodzi, chopanga pansi, ndikupereka chisamaliro kwa ana kwa kholo lalikulu, lomwe limakhazikitsa mazira ndikuwatsogolera anapiye. Pokhapokha pobadwa, amatha kutsata wamwamuna komanso kupeza chakudya. Mitundu ina ya chinamu imakhala ndikusamalira ana limodzi.
Mbalame Zamtchire ku New Zealand
Ku New Zealand ndi zilumba zoyandikana nayo, pali mitundu ya mbalame 156, kuphatikizapo mitundu yotsiriza, ochokera m'mabanja 35 ndi malamulo 16. Kupatula kwokhazikika (mapiko) ndi mabanja am'badwo wathunthu (New Zealand starlings and wrens).
kiwi
Mitundu itatu ikuyimira phokoso lopanda mapiko: Chifukwa chochepetsera, mapiko a kiwi satha kuwonekera pansi pa zowuluka zambiri, zokumbutsa zambiri za ubweya. Mbalameyi si yayikulu kuposa nkhuku (mpaka 4 makilogalamu), koma imawoneka mwapadera - thupi looneka ngati peyala, maso ang'ono, miyendo yayifupi yolimba komanso mkamwa wamtali wokhala ndi mphuno pamapeto.
Kiwi amapeza nyama yake (nkhono, tizilombo, manyowa, crustaceans, amphibians, zipatso zakugwa / zipatso) mothandizidwa ndi kununkhira kwake kwabwino, akumiza mlomo wake wakuthwa m'nthaka. Ziwetozi zimadziwanso kiwi ndi fungo, chifukwa nthenga zake zimanunkhira ngati bowa.
Njiwa ya New Zealand
Mbalame yamtchireyi, yomalizira ku New Zealand, imatamandidwa monga nkhunda yokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ali ndi ntchito yofunikira kwambiri - kufalitsa mbewu za mitengo, ndikupanga mawonekedwe apadera a New Zealand. Njiwa ya ku New Zealand imakonda kudya zipatso, zipatso, mphukira, masamba ndi maluwa a mitengo yosiyanasiyana, koma makamaka imatsamira medlar.
Zosangalatsa. Tadya zipatso zamphepo, mbalameyo imakhala yotsika ndikugwetsa nthambi, ndichifukwa chake imakhala ndi dzina la "hoppy, kapena loledzera, nkhunda."
Nkhunda zimakhala nthawi yayitali, koma zimasamba pang'onopang'ono: wamkazi amayikira dzira 1, lomwe makolo onse awiri amawaswa. Pofika kuzizira, nkhunda za ku New Zealand zadzaza ndi mafuta, zomwe zimalemera kwambiri ndipo zimayamba kusaka.
Mosakhazikika
Mbadwa zanyenyezi zaku New Zealand (mitundu 3 ya mitundu 5), yotchedwa Amori Achimori, omwe adawona kulira kowopsa kwa mbalame "Uya, Uyia, Uyya." Awa ndimtundu wa nyimbo mpaka 40c wamtali wokhala ndi mapiko ofooka ndi owoneka bwino, akuda kapena amvi, omwe nthawi zina amachepetsedwa ndi ofiira (tiko). Pansi pa mulomo, utoto wofiyira wa pakhungu, wokulirapo m'mamuna, umawonedwa. Guiyi, yomwe ili pafupi kutha, ndiyophatikiza ndi malo. Mtundu umodzi, woluma guia, wathera kale pamaso pa Dziko lapansi.
Mbalame Zamtchire zaku Africa
Nyama za mbalame zaku Africa zimakhala ndi maoda 22, kuphatikiza mabanja 90. Kuphatikiza pa zolengedwa zokhazikika, mbalame zambiri zochokera ku Europe ndi Asia zimabwera kuno nthawi yachisanu.
Chitsiru
Banja la pheasants ku Africa limayimiridwa ndi mitundu 38, 35 mwa iwo ndi ma turochs (ma francolins) okhala m'nkhalango kapena zitsamba. Turach, ngati nkhuku zambiri, imakhala utoto wamitundu, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima ndi malo osiyana ndi mawonekedwe (a imvi, a bulauni, akuda kapena mchenga). Mitundu ina imakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zofiira / zofiira kufupi ndi maso kapena pakhosi.
Mafutawa ndi kukula kwa phala wamba ndipo amalemera kuchoka pa 400 mpaka 550. Amakhala ndi moyo wokhala pamtunda, amakonda zigwa za mitsinje, momwe mumapezeka masamba ambiri (mphukira, mbewu ndi zipatso), komanso ma invertebrates. Amamanga zisa pansi, ndikuyika mazira 10, omwe amadzimadzira kwa masabata atatu. Kholo lachiwiri limalumikizana ndi kulera anapiyewo atawaswa.
Buffoon chiwombankhanga
Dzina lachiwiri ndi fano. Iyi ndi mbalame yankhalango yochokera kubanja la khungubwi, yomwe ikufika pa 0,75 mamilimita, yolimba masentimita 2-3 ndi mapiko mpaka 160-180 masentimita. Ndi kuwala kowoneka bwino, chule amafanana ndi parrot: ili ndi kapezi (yokhala ndi kusintha kwa lalanje) mlomo, wofiyira. bulauni kumbuyo / mchira ndi miyendo yofiyira. Mapikowo ndi akuda, ndi nthenga zopindika za imvi. Mutu, chifuwa ndi khosi zimaponyedwa ndi anthracite.
Nyama ndizofunikira kwambiri pakasankhidwe ka mphungu, koma pali nyama zina (zokwawa ndi mbalame):
Poyang'ana kuti agwire, zigawenga zimatha nthawi yayitali kuthambo, nthawi zambiri zimasonkhana m'mathumba mpaka 50. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pachidikha cha nthambi za mthethe kapena baobab, ndikukhazikitsa zisa kupitirira theka la mita.
Nthiwatiwa za ku Africa
Itha kudziwidwa kuti ndi mbalame zamtchire, popeza kuti nthiwatiwa za ku Africa sizimakhala kumapiri kokha, zipululu, mapiri, matanthwe, komanso malo owuma. Zotsalazo nthawi zina zimadzaza ndi mitengo, ndikupanga mtundu wankhalango.
Zosangalatsa. Ostriches amakhala mumakomo, ndipo amuna oteteza atsikana awo akulira ndi kubangula ngati mikango yeniyeni.
Amayiwo amalumikizana m'magulu akuluakulu (mpaka mbalame 600) kuti asakalenso timagulu ting'onoting'ono tating'ono ndi tizilomboti. Ostriches amathandizira zakudya zawo zamatsamba tsiku lililonse ndi masewera, osayiwala kuthetsa ludzu lawo m'malo osungira zachilengedwe apafupi.
Mbalame zamtchire za kuasia
Mitundu yoposa 1.7 miliyoni ya mbalame yochokera m'mabanja 88 ophatikizidwa ndi magulu 20 a ma dolphoni ku kontinenti. Gawo la mkango la mbalame limagwera kumalo otentha ku Eurasia - Southeast Asia.
Goshawk
Zazikazi zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe zachikazi zake ndizopamwamba kuposa zazimuna kukula. Akazi amakula mpaka 0,6 m ndikulemera makilogalamu 0.9-11.6 ndi mapiko aatali pafupifupi 1.15 m. Goshawk, monga nkhuku zina zonse, amapatsidwa "nsidze" zoyera - milozo yayitali yakutsogolo pamaso.
Pakati pawo, ma goshawks amalankhulana pogwiritsa ntchito kufuula kokhazikika.
Mbalame zamtchire izi zimapanga zisa m'nthambi zowoneka bwino / zopepuka, zopepuka, komwe kuli mitengo yayitali komanso mitengo yayitali kwambiri yosaka. Masewera a Goshaws amalondola masewera owonetsedwa ndi magazi ofunda (kuphatikizapo mbalame), komanso zokwawa komanso ma invertebrates. Musaope kuukira wozunzidwayo hafu yakulemera kwawo.
Jay
Mbalame yamtchire yamtchire ya kukula kwapakatikati, imakonda kudera lamatondo. Jay ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake owoneka bwino, mithunzi yake yomwe imasiyana mitundu ndi mitundu, komanso luso lake la onomatopoeic. Mbalameyi imatulutsanso osati mbalame zina, komanso mawu amtundu uliwonse, kuchokera ku phokoso kupita ku mawu a munthu. Jay nayenso amalira mosasamala komanso mokweza.
Jays amadya nyongolotsi, maulesi, ma acorn, mtedza, zipatso, mbewu ngakhale ... mbalame zazing'ono. Chala pa tchire / mitengo yayitali, ndikuyika chisa pafupi ndi thunthu. Chopondera nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mazira 5-8, omwe anapiye ake ndi masiku 16-16.
Commonoleole
Mbalame yosamukira kwinaku yokhala ndi maula owala achikasu ku Europe. Sipangopezeka m'nkhalango zowola kapena zophatikizika zokha, komanso m'nkhokwe za mitengo ya oak, komanso m'mapaki ndi m'minda yamzinda.
Chapakatikati, nyimbo ya Oriole imakhala ndi whisteme. Mbalameyi ikasokonekera, imakula kwambiri, chifukwa chake imatchedwa kuti mphaka.
Amuna amateteza chiwembu chawo, kuyamba kumenyana ndi omenya. Zingwe zimapindika ngati foloko, ndikuyamba kuwaza mtundu wa hammock kuchokera ku ulusi wa hemp, kenako khoma, ndikuziphatikiza ndi khungwa la birch, udzu ndi moss. Mazira (zidutswa 4-5) amaikidwa mu Meyi.
Chithunzi cha mbalame jay ndi robin
Jay - ongoyendayenda komanso osamuka, kumwera - adakhazikika. Amakhala ku Europe, Asia ndi North Africa.
Samadyetsa zamasamba komanso chakudya cha nyama. Ku Europe, ma jay amakhala ndi chakudya chachikulu cha ma acorn. Amasungira nthawi yozizira ndikuthandizira kugawa mafuta oak.
Amadyetsanso njere zosiyanasiyana, zipatso, tizilombo, makoswe ang'ono, achule, abuluzi, mbalame zazing'ono, mwachitsanzo, mpheta. Jay ya anapiye ndi mazira kuchokera ku zisa amadya.
Pa chithunzi mbalame lobinRobin kapena zaryanka - mbalame yodziwika kwambiri ku banja la thrush. 
Ichi ndi chithunzithunzi chopatsa chidwi, chachikulu komanso chokhala ndi bere lofiirira, muyenera kuti mwakumana mu nkhalango, minda ndi mapaki momwe zakhalira kuyambira koyambirira kwa Epulo. 
Simudzayiwala malipenga ake ngati mabelu mukamva kamodzi. Wodziimba bwino kwambiri kwaya ya mbalame zamatchire, phwitiwa amatchuka ngati wachibale wa Nightingale chifukwa cha nyimbo yake yofanana ndi belu lasiliva.
Ndi nyimbo zoterezi, m'mawa kwambiri umayamba ndipo dzuwa limayamba dzuwa litatalika. Chifukwa chake, mbalame yodabwitsa komanso yotchedwa zaryanyanka.
Zithunzi za mbalame hoopoe ndi cuckoo
Chithunzi chojambula mbalamezomwe ndizodziwika bwino. Ali ndi chikhulupiriro chokongola chachikulu chomwe chimamuthandiza kuti asasokonezedwe ndi wina aliyense. Zowoneka bwino zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zowoneka bwino.
Kambewu kakang'ono kosunthika pamutu ndi gawo lodziwika bwino la hoopoe. Mimbayo imakhala ndi mizere iwiri ya nthenga yomwe ili ndi madontho akuda kumapeto ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono oyera omwe amasintha malo pomwe crest ikuyenda. Mlomo wa hoopoe ndi wautali komanso wowonda, wopindika pang'ono. 
Hoopoe ndiwosamala, koma osawopa. Akakhala ndi mantha kapena mantha, chikhulupiriro chake chimatseguka ngati chimphona. Zomwezi zimachitikanso pamene agwera pansi.
Pa chithunzi cuckoo mbalameamakhala kulikonse ku Russia. Kuwona cuckoo ndizovuta kwambiri. Aliyense anamumva "cuckoo", koma ochepa adaona mbalameyi.
Cockoo wamba uyu amatalika masentimita 38. Mapiko ake ndi masentimita 55. Mbalameyi imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 130. Miyendo yake ndi yolimba koma yaifupi.
Chithunzi cha mbalame yosenda, yomwe imakhala m'malo ambiri m'dziko lathu. Amatchedwa mosiyanasiyana: wopemphetsa kapena dambo. Mwa Asilav yakale, imawoneka kuti ndi yopatulika, anthu samakhudza mtambo ndi chisa chake.
