Kutalika kwa thupi la chule ndi mamilimita 19-20; zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zazimuna. Mbali yodziwika bwino yamphongo ndi mawonekedwe pakhosi mwanjira ya khola la akavalo, lomwe ndi lalikulupo kuposa la akazi. Mutu ndi wakuda. Khungu limakhala losalala. Chotengera chachikazi ndi umbilical.

Mantella Bernhardi (Mantella bernhardi).

Mitundu yonse yapamwamba komanso pansi ya Bernhard mantella ndi yakuda. Kutsogolo ndi chikasu, ndili ndi madontho akuda komanso abulauni. Miyendo yakumbuyo yakuda kapena yofiirira yokhala ndi mawanga akuda. Ntchafu yakumtunda ndi wachikasu. Magawo am'munsi mwa ma tchire ndi mandimu.

Bernhard Mantella Behaeve

Achule awa amakhala m'magulu ndipo amatsogolera moyo wobisika. Amafunafuna chakudya padziko lapansi. Akazi ndi ochepera kuposa amuna kawiri. Bernhard malaya amuna amakonda kuimba nyimbo. Nyimbo zawo ndizosiyana ndi mawu a achule ena; Yaimuna imapatsa trill imodzi yaying'ono, yomwe imakhala ndi 2-8 kudina, iliyonse imatenga pafupifupi mamilimita 11.

Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya mantella, amakhala otakataka kwambiri kutentha kwambiri. Amasaka masana. Mantelles amathera masana kufunafuna chakudya. Zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi Drosophila, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zina zazing'ono za arthropod.

Ndi chikhalidwe cha Bernhard mantella olimba mtima komanso amphamvu.

Kusindikizidwa kwa Bernhard Mantellas

Nyengo yakubzala imagwa pa Novembala -March, imagwirizana ndi nyengo yamvula. Achule awa samasamba m'madzi. Mwambo wa chibwenzi wabisika, zovala zamkati mwa ziboliboli kapena makungwa.

Akakhwima, wamkazi amapeza malo oyenera kukagona. Malowa ayenera kukhala onyowa, mwachitsanzo, moss, chipika chonyowa, makungwa ndi zina zomwe angachite.

Mvula ikamagwa, mazira amasambitsidwa mchisa ndikuwasandutsa zimbudzi kapena zimbudzi zazing'ono zoyimirira. Ma tambara a zovala za Bernhard ndi herbivores; zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi detritus ndi algae.

Muukapolo, zovala za Bernhard zimasungidwa pafupipafupi. Awa ndi achule owopsa, motero sayenera monga mphatso kwa mwana. Amuna amayimba tsiku lonse.

Chifukwa cha kuopsa kwa zovala zam'madzi, sizipezeka kawirikawiri m'mizinda komanso m'mizinda.

Achule awa amasungidwa m'malo opotera mozungulira. Malo ochitira masewerawo ayenera kuvekedwa ndi gridi pamwamba. Kwa anthu 3-4, kukula kwa nyumbayo kuyenera kukhala masentimita 60x45x40.

Zipika, sphagnum kapena chisakanizo cha makungwa a manyowa a manyowa ndi sphagnum amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi. Gawo laling'ono lifunika kusinthidwa kamodzi pa sabata. Moss amatha kutsukidwa kwathunthu pansi pamadzi ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito, koma osapitirira katatu.

Mantyll ndi zodetsedwa zodabwitsa, kotero malo owotera amayenera kutsukidwa masiku 7 aliwonse, ndipo ngati pali achule ambiri, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri. Ngati malo odyera atakhalabe auve, zovala zake zimayamba kupweteka. Kutentha masana ndi madigiri 22-30, ndipo usiku sikuyenera kupitirira kuposa 20 degrees.

Malingaliro ambiri samatha kulekerera kutentha kwambiri.

Kutentha kwa terarium kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi phukusi lotenthetsera, lomwe lili pansi pa theka la boma. Zowunikira zimaperekedwa ndi nyali za ultraviolet fluorescent. Masana masana nthawi ya chilimwe ndi maola 14, ndipo kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi amatsitsidwa maola 11. Chinyezi mu terarium yokhala ndi mawu osayenera sayenera kukhala oposa 90%.

Terrarium imapangidwa ndi mbewu zomwe zimakwera, mwachitsanzo, ivy kapena fittonia, ferns ndi bromeliads ndizoyeneranso. Zomera zimayikidwa mumiphika mu terrarium, ndipo pansi pamiphika ndimakutidwa ndi moss.

Mantellas amafunika dziwe losaya, lotalika masentimita 10 ndi kuya kwa masentimita awiri. Mbale yochokera pomwe dziwe limapangidwira ili kutali ndi komwe kunachokera kuwala komanso kutentha. Komanso mu terrarium mutha kuwonjezera nthambi, miyala, mitengo, malo okhala ndi malo okwezeka.

Mawu

Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mantella chifukwa imafanana ndi kuyimba kwa cricket. Nyimbo yaimuna imakhala ndi timapepala tating'ono, tokhala 2-8. Kutalika kwa kudina ndi mamiliyoni 11 mpaka 19. Pafupipafupi magawo 4,8 ndi 5.7 KHz.

Mantella Bernhard - achule woopsa wochokera ku Madagascar

Mantella Bernhard amakhala m'malo okhala mvula yamvula pansi pamtambo wamtambo masamba. Uyu ndi mlenje watsiku, ambiri masana akusaka Drosophila, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zina zazing'ono za arthropod. Amakhala moyo wachinsinsi. Achule amakhala otentha kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya zovala. Khungu la zovala zachikale ndi zapoizoni.

Dera: chilumba cha Madagascar.

Kufotokozera: Bernhard mantella ndi chule wamoyo komanso wokangalika. Akazi ndi okulirapo kuposa amuna. Amuna amasiyanitsidwa ndi akazi ndi kupezeka pakhosi pa njira ya akavalo omwe amakula kuposa akazi. Mutu ndi wakuda. Zitsamba zachikazi ndizazikulu. Khungu limakhala losalala.

Mtundu: pamwambapa ndipo pansi pa mawu akutiella pamakhala utoto wakuda. Ma forelegs ndi achikasu ndi madontho a bulauni ndi akuda. Miyendo yakumbuyo yopepuka kapena yofiirira yakuda ndi mawanga akuda. Mbali yakumtunda ya femur ndi chikasu, tibia ndi tarsus ndi zofiirira. Kunja kwa miyendo ndi utoto wa mandimu.

Kukula kwake: 19-20 mm.

Vote: chimasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mantella chifukwa imafanana ndi kuyimba kwa kricket. Nyimbo yaimuna imakhala ndi timapepala tating'ono, tokhala 2-8. Kutalika kwa kudina ndi mamiliyoni 11 mpaka 19. Pafupipafupi magawo 4,8 ndi 5.7 KHz.

Habitat: nkhalango zamvula zotentha, pansi pa masamba ambiri.

Chakudya: Bernhard mantella ndi mlenje watsiku lomwe amathera masana kufunafuna chakudya. Imasaka Drosophila, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zina zazing'ono za arthropod.

Khalidwe: kumakhala moyo wachinsinsi. Pali amuna ambiri kuposa akazi mu chiŵerengero cha 2-1: 1. Amuna amtunduwu amakonda kuyimba, molimba mtima mwachilengedwe. Bernhard Mantella ndi wotentha kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya mantella.

Kakhalidwe: amakhala m'magulu.

Ntchito: Bernhard mantella samasamba m'madzi (mazira m'madzi sagona). Akakhwima, wamkazi amafufuza malo abwino opangira ubweya (ayenera kukhala onyowa). Izi zitha kukhala mbewa, chinkhupule, ming'alu m'matanda, kumbuyo kwa miyala kapena makungwa. Mvula imatsuka mazira kuchokera ku zisa, ndikuzisunthira kumadziwe osaya kapena ozungulira.

Nyengo / nyengo yakubzala: ndi nyengo yamvula (Novembara-Marichi).

Mwambo wa chibwenzi: chibwenzi chimachitika mobisa, pansi pa khungwa kapena mitengo.

Kukula: tadpoles herbivores - chakudya cham'madzi cham'madzi ndi chotsekemera.

Ndemanga: Pantella ya Bernhard ili ndi khungu lapoizoni.

Voterani nkhaniyi: Mavoti onse 0, pafupifupi 0

Agogo akale a achule omwe adakhalapo zaka zambiri zapitazo padziko lapansi pafupifupi zaka 290 miliyoni zapitazo, ndipo chilengedwe chidalamulira kuti oimira okongola kwambiri am'mera zopanda njoka nawonso ndi oopsa kwambiri. Achule a mitengo, achule ndi zala zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito poizoni poziteteza, ndipo samakonda kuwukira. Kuwunikira kwathu kwakanthawi kukuwonetsa achule owopsa kwambiri omwe asankha nkhalango zam'malo otentha, zithaphwi ndi madziwe a pulaneti lathu lodabwitsa. Ndipo mutha kuwona tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwambiri m'cholemba patsamba lathu la TopCafe.su13

Phyllomedusa / Phyllomedusa bicolor

Pakati pa nkhalango zamvula zomwe zimafalikira m'chigwa cha Amazon, pamakhala phylomedusa yokongola, koma yoopsa yochokera ku banja la achule. Poizoniyu alibe poizoni, koma angayambitse kukhumudwa m'mimba thirakiti, kuyerekezera zinthu m'magazi, kulimbana kwambiri. Amwenye am'deralo amagwiritsa ntchito poizoni wake kuchiza matenda amtundu uliwonse komanso pamiyambo yoyambira kulowerera.

Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa chule cha nyani, ndipo monga mwa zizolowezi zake amakhala wokonda chidwi kwambiri. Mitunduyi imalembedwa ngati ili pangozi, chifukwa chake imatetezedwa. 12.

Zingwe zopindika / tsamba la Phyllobates vittatus

Achule okongola amenewa, omwe amakhala kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Costa Rica, maonekedwe awo okopa amachenjeza kuti ndi owopsa ndipo ndibwino kudutsa zolengedwa zokongola'zi. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira mzere wamtambo wachikaso womwe umayenda kumbuyo. Mikwingwirima imadutsa onse kumutu ndi kumbali zam'mimba, chifukwa chake chule adalandira dzina lake.

Sizotheka kuzindikira iye nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa amakonda kubisala m'miyala ndi pakati pamiyala. Poizoni, kufika pakhungu la munthu, kumamupweteka kwambiri, komanso kumatha kudwalitsa ziwalo. khumi ndi imodzi.

Chuma cha Blue Dart / Dendrobates azureus

Cholengedwa chokongola, monga tikuonera pachithunzichi, chomwe chili ndi mtundu wamtambo wabuluu, chimakonda nkhono ndi nkhalango zamvula zam'malo otentha, ndipo chimadya makamaka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Ngakhale unyinji wochepa wa poizoni ndi wokwanira kupha adani akuluakulu achilengedwe, ndipo imfa pakati pa anthu zalembedwa. Amakula mpaka 5cm kutalika, ndipo amakhala pakati pa masamba, akusonkhana m'magulu a toyesa pafupifupi 50.

Ngakhale kuti ndi zoopsa kwambiri, okonda nyama zakutchire amabala munthu wokhala ku America ngati chiweto. 10.

Chosangalatsa cha Listolaz / Phyllobates lugubris

Mtundu wa dzina wokhala wokhala m'mphepete mwa Atlantic ku Central America umagwirizana kwathunthu ndi mawonekedwe a chule. Mikwingwirima yamitundu yambiri imadutsa thupi lakuda, kuchokera pachikaso mpaka golide wowala bwino. Osati poizoni monga oimira ena a banja la listolaz, koma amatha kudziteteza kwa adani achilengedwe. Pokhala ndi poyizoni, sichimabisala zambiri, kotero imapezeka mosavuta pamsewu wamnkhalango komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi malo osungira.

Leafolase ndi maso akulu akulu pamutu wocheperako amakhala okha. 9.

Poison Frog / Ranitomeya reticulatus wofiira

Kukongola uku, komwe ndi poizoni wamphamvu, kumakhala pakati pa zokongola zachilengedwe ku Peru. Iyo inali nalo dzina lake ndi mtundu wofiira wammbuyo, ndipo thupi lonse ndi lamabala. Ngakhale pali poizoni wapoizoni yemwe amatulutsidwa ndi achule, ndikokwanira kuyambitsa zovuta zaumoyo wa anthu, komanso kupha nyama.

Chule imalandira poyizoni ndikudya nyerere zakupha, ndipo chimagwiritsa ntchito nthawi ya ngozi. Nthawi zina, imapitilira tiziwalo tathupi la chule. 8.

Zambiri tweet

Ku Panama ndi Costa Rica, amodzi mwa ma sumu ofiira kwambiri amatha kupezeka, omwe ali ndi utoto wowala ndipo samakula kuposa masentimita 5. Dziwani kuti amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako ndipo amakula mpaka 3 cm. Poizoni ulowa pakhungu, zotchinga zamitsempha yotseka zimatsekedwa, ndipo kuphwanya mgwirizano wogwirizana kumachitika mwa munthu, kukhudzika kumayamba mwa munthu, ndipo zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni za zonsezi zimatha kukhala ziwindi zathunthu.

Tsoka ilo, mankhwalawa sanapangidwe, koma ndikofunikira kuyambitsa kusintha kwina panthawi, kenako zotsatira zosagwirizana ndi thanzi la munthu zitha kupewedwa. 7.

Chule choyipa / Chule / Trachycephalus venulosus

Chule chachikulu, chomwe chikukula mpaka 9cm kutalika, chimachokera ku Brazil, ndichifukwa chake chimatchedwanso chule cha ku Brazil. Amakhala ndimtundu wachilendo, wopanga mawanga osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, amapanga mawonekedwe owoneka mthupi lonse. Mbali yodzilekanitsanso ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono ofiira kumbuyo ndi khosi la amphibian.

Amakonda kwambiri moyo pamitengo, ndipo nthawi yakuswana amayenda pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Akazi amayikira mazira m'madziwe ndi m'madzi, omwe amatha kuwuma, koma ana onse amapulumuka mofulumira. 6.

Chule chaching'ono cha Dart / Oophaga pumilio

Chule laling'ono kwambiri, lofiira kwambiri limakhala pamwamba m'mapiri pakati pa mitengo yakale ya m'nkhalango zotentha za Central ndi South America. Kupaka utoto wowoneka bwino ndi chizindikiro. Ndikwabwino kuchilambalala, kuti musatenthe kwambiri komanso mavuto azaumoyo.

Poizoniyo amalilowetsa m'matumbo, ndipo amapeza mwa kudya nyerere zakupha. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ali ndi mdani m'modzi - wamba, pomwe poizoni sachita. 5.

Mantella Bernhardi

Wokhala pachilumba cha Madagascar amabisala pakati pa masamba omwe adagwa, akusaka ntchentche ndi tizilombo tina. Ili ndi mtundu wakuda, ndipo abambo akadali ndi kachidutswa ka mawonekedwe amtundu wa akavalo pakhosi. Akazi alibe mtundu wotere, koma amakula kuposa amuna kukula.

Chule sichiri poizoni, koma pakapita nthawi, khungu limatulutsa poyizoni, lomwe limatsogolera kupsa, chifuwa. Mtundu uwu wa mantella umatsogolera moyo wokangalika kwambiri pakati pa mitundu ina yaku Africa. 4.

Gray Toad / Bufo bufo

Kugawidwa kwa timiyala tatsitsi tambiri ndikukula kwambiri, kuchokera ku kufalikira kwa Siberia ku Russia kupita kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Europe ndi North Africa. Chala chachikulu kwambiri chomwe chimakhala ku Europe ndichonso chakupha. Chowopsa cha poizoni ndi chowopsa makamaka ku ziweto, komanso kwa anthu. Ndikosayenera kwambiri kuti poizoni wam'madziyu alowe m'maso kapena mucous nembanemba.

Mfundo ina yosangalatsa, ikafika pangozi, chikhalalachi chimakhala choopsa, chikukwera m'mwamba mwake. 3.

Spotted Poison Frog / Ranitomeya variabilis

Mutha kukumana ndi kukongola kwa nkhalango iyi, komwe thupi lake limapakidwa utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake, kokha mukukula kwa Peru, komanso ku Ecuador. Koma kukongola uku ndikunamiza, chifukwa chule ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zoyipa kwambiri ku Latin America. Ngakhale poizoni wocheperako ndi wokwanira kupha anthu asanu.

Poizoniyo ndi poizoni kwambiri kuti kukhudza pang'ono kwa amphibian kungawononge thanzi lathu. Chilimbikitso chimodzi ndikuti chule ndi wodekha kwambiri ndipo sichidzakumana ndi chiwembu choyamba. 2.

Aha / Rhinella marina

Zovala zapoizoni zapoizoni zimakhala malo achitetezo pakati pa zosefera, koma kuopsa kwake zimawatsogolera kwa atsogoleri omwe ali ndi poizoni wambiri. Choyerekeza chachikulu kwambiri chinali chachikulu masentimita 24, ngakhale kuli kwakuti chovalachi chimakula kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 17 cm. Chimachokera ku Central America, koma kuti amenyane ndi tizilombo adabweretsa ku Australia, kuchokera komwe Aga adakhazikika pachilumba cha Oceania.

Poizoni wamphamvu kwambiri amakhudza mtima komanso amakhudza masoka amanjenje. Choyipa chachikulu ndichoti bala lamtundu wobiriwira limatha kuwombera poyizoni patali. 1.

Chowopsa cha Leaf Lizard / Phyllobates terribilis

Nkhalango yaying'ono kwambiri kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Colombia ndiye chule woopsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Anthu akuluakulu amakula osaposa 2-4 cm, ndipo mtundu wake ndi wosiyana komanso wowala. Achule achikasu ndi owopsa kwambiri kotero kuti ngakhale kuwugwira pang'ono ndikokwanira kupha. Ma phyllobates terribilis si oopsa, ndipo, pakudya tizilombo, timakhala poyizoni.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ali mu ukapolo, chule wa ku Colombia yemwe ndi woopsa amakhalapo pang'onopang'ono amataya zoopsa zake, popeza mulibe tizilombo m'zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti poizoni wakeyo aphedwe.

Tchulani mwachidule

Chifukwa chake tidakumana, ngakhale achule okongola, koma owopsa, ndipo mwatsoka, mauthenga okhudza poyizoni anthu omwe ali ndi achule nthawi zambiri amabwera kudzadandaula. Mwachilengedwe, chilichonse chimaganiziridwa pazinthu zazing'ono kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe osadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a amphibians amakhala ngati chenjezo kuti muli ndi cholengedwa chowopsa komanso chakupha.

Kudyetsa Bernhard Mantell

Mantell amatha kudyetsedwa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi Drosophila. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisakhale ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mantel sayenera kupatsidwa mbewu ya ufa.

Mantella Bernhard ali ku Madagascar. Akuluakulu Bernhard mantellas amadyetsedwa kamodzi patsiku, ndipo achule omwe akukula amadyetsedwa kangapo patsiku. Ndikosatheka kuthana ndi achule awa. Mavitamini ndi calcium zochuluka zimawonjezedwa muzakudya kamodzi kapena kawiri pa sabata.

Bernhard mantell kuyanjana ndi anthu ena okhala ku terarium

Zovala zoterezi zimagwirizana bwino ndi ma geckos aku Madagascar. Amuna a Bernhard mantellas amawonetsa malo amtunda, amateteza tsamba lawo mwachangu. Mwambiri, nkhondoyi imakhala yachilengedwe m'magulu onse awiri, amuna ndiomwe imatchulidwa.

M'mikhalidwe yabwino, abambo amawonetsa malo awo ndikuyimba. Ngati izi sizingachitike, ndiye kuti pakufunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi kupopera madzi pa gawo lapansi nyengo yotentha. Chiwerengero cha amuna ndi akazi chikhale 2 kapena 3 mpaka 1. Chibwenzi cha chipinda cham'malochi sichitha, chifukwa zimachitika mobisa.

Kwa masiku angapo atayikira mazira sayenera kukhudzidwa. Miphika imasungidwa mu terariamu yosunthira, momwe kutentha kwa madigiri 21-25 kumakhalabe. Ngati patatha maola 30 sizikuwoneka kuti mazira amakula m'mazira, ndiye umuna sunachitike. Mazira amayenera kuthiridwa nthawi zonse ndi madzi.

Mukamaweta ana am'misasa m'ndende, mazira ambiri amakhalabe opanda chonde.Pambuyo pa masiku 2-6, mphutsi zimaswa. Ngakhale kuti ma tadpoles amakula, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa madzi pazinthu zomwe amagwira. Kuti achule afikire kumtunda, pamafunika kuti pakhale gombe lokhala ndi phokoso, lomwe lili ndi moss.

Mantella tadpoles ndi herbivorous, koma amatha kudya nyama ndi nsomba, komanso amadyetsedwa ndi letesi. Mantellas, masentimita 5-10 kukula kwake, omwe asankha pamtunda, amaikidwa mu zotengera zakumapulasitiki, zomwe pansi pake zimakongoletsedwa ndi moss, komanso amaika mbale yamadzi ndi mainchesi a 2,5 cm.

Achinyamata amadyetsa nsabwe za m'masamba, popeza Drosophila ndi wamkulu kwambiri kwa iwo. Pa nthawi iyi ya chitukuko, pafupifupi 30-50% ya zovala amafa, osasamala kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Pambuyo pa masiku 10-12, mtundu wa mawu otsekera umakhala wowala, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumafika mamilimita 10-14.

Zipewa za Bernhard ndizovuta kwambiri pakusintha kwachilengedwe.

Matenda a Bernhard Mantell

Achule awa amadwala makamaka chifukwa cha zovuta. Nthawi zambiri, zovala zapamwamba zogwidwa ndi chilengedwe zimayambukiridwa ndi ma virus, chifukwa chake achule ayenera kugulidwa m'masitolo. Aliyense watsopano ayenera kukhala kwa milungu iwiri.

Pokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri ku terarium, ma labell amapanga matenda osiyanasiyana a bacteria. Nthawi zambiri, mantella amadwala mwendo kukokana, komwe kumachitika kutentha kwambiri, komanso bacteria Aeromonas hydrophilia.

Chidwi, TSOPANO!

Gawani pamasamba ochezera: Zofanana

Kupeza zochititsa chidwi kunapangidwa ndi ofufuza aku Ireland. Adapeza kuti amphibians aku Madagascar ndiye nyama zokhazo padziko lapansi zomwe zimatha kupanga shuga. M'mbuyomu, kuthekera kotereku kumapezeka mwa mbewu zokha, malinga ndi Discovery.

Phata lachilendo limatulutsa khungu la achule a mtundu wa Mantella. Komabe, kuyesera kuti anyambite wokhulupirira amatha kutha mwachisoni. Khungu limapanganso ziphe, monga zikuwonekera ndi mtundu wowala wa nyamazo.

Herpetologist Valerie Clark ndi anzawo aku Queen's University Belfast adazindikira zonsezi atayang'anitsitsa kapangidwe kazitsulo ka mankhwala achinsinsi komwe kamakhala ndi khungu la mitsempha ya jini Mantella, Epipedobates ndi Dendrobates.

Asayansi apeza kuti shuga amalowa m'matupi a achule ndi chakudya, chifukwa ma amphibians omwe amabedwa mu ukapolo sanadziwike pakhungu lawo. Iwo, mosiyana ndi nthumwi zamtchire Mantella, samadyera nyerere zomwe zimapeza shuga kuchokera kumera lomera. M'mimba zanyowa, akatswiri asayansi ya zinthu zachilengedwe anapeza zakudya pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi limodzi, zomwe zambiri zinali nyerere. Ndikusintha kuti zinthu zokoma zimasinthidwa kuchokera ku mbewu kupita kuzilombo, kenako amphibians.

Chifukwa chiyani achule owopsa ayenera kukhala okoma, asayansi sakanatha kudziwa. Koma adamvetsetsa chifukwa chake khungu la amphibians ku Madagas secrete bile acid. M'nkhani ina mu Journal of Natural Products, alemba kuti zomwe zimapangidwa ndi metabolic, pomanga zoopsa, zimateteza mamembala amtundu wa Mantella ku ziphe zawo.

Mu kanema pansipa, Clark "amasekerera" chule wina (osati wokoma). Komabe, katswiri wazolimba mtima salimbikitsa aliyense kuti abwereze zomwe amachita: "Kunamizira chule lolakwika kumatha kutha kwambiri."

Gome: Boophis ankarafensis gulu

Zotsatira zakufufuza kwaposachedwa komwe kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Madagascar, mitundu yatsopano yazinyama inapezeka. Chosangalatsa kwambiri chinali chule chaching'ono kuchokera ku mtundu wa Boophis, womwe uli ndi gawo limodzi lapadera.

Chule watsopano adatchedwa Boophis ankarafensis polemekeza nkhalango yamwali ya Ankaraf, yomwe idapezeka. Ndi wa gulu la anthu amtundu wotchedwa Madagas paddler (lat. Boophis), gawo la banja la a Mantella (lat. Mantellidae). Pakadali pano, mitundu 75 yamtunduwu imadziwika, onsewa ndi angozi ku Madagascar ndi chilumba cha Mayotte ndipo apezeka posachedwa.

Boophis ankarafensis ndi chule kakang'ono komwe kamakhala pamitengo yomwe ili m'mitsinje yaying'ono ndi mitsinje. Khungu lake limakhala lowonekera, koma osati lofanana ndi achule agalasi - mutha kuwona mafupa ndi mafotokozedwe a ziwalo zina, osatinso kanthu. Mtundu wake ndi wobiriwira wowala, pafupifupi wobiriwira. Thupi lonse lakumaso limakutidwa ndi mawanga ofiira omwe mwina amachenjeza za chowopsa - mamembala onse amtunduwu ndi oopsa. Amuna ndi otsika pang'ono kukula kwa akazi: 23-24 mm motsutsana 28-29 mm.

Chowunikira chachikulu cha B. ankarafensis, titero kunena kwake, ndi kakhalidwe kamiyeso itatu m'malo mwazonse 2, i.e. m'malo mwa "kva-kva" amafuula "kva-kva-kva" - chodabwitsa komanso chosaneneka, palibe chule wina amene amatulutsa mawu ngati amenewa.

Kupeza kumeneku kunapangidwa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Sakhalamaz ndi gulu la asayansi osiyanasiyana ochokera ku University of Kent ku University of Kent ku Conservation of Species and Ecology, motsogozedwa ndi Dr. Goncalo Rosa. Monga momwe ofufuzawo amanenera:

Malowa ndi amodzi mwa madera omwe sanafufuzidwe bwino ku Madagascar ndipo angatibisire mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zomwe sizimadziwika ndi sayansi. Pafupifupi palibe kufufuza komwe kumafikira ku Sakhalamaz sikokwanira popanda zomverera zazing'ono; mwachitsanzo, pomaliza, mitundu iwiri ya amphibians idapezeka: Boophis tsilomaro ndi Cophyla berara.

Tsoka ilo, B. ankarafensis ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha. Zikuwoneka kuti mitundu yakale yamtunduwu inali yotalikirapo, koma tsopano akukakamizidwa kuti azikhala okhutira ndi nkhalango yaying'ono, malo achilengedwe omwe pang'onopang'ono akuwonongeka. Olembera zomwe apezazo akuti akuyenera kukhala m'gulu la IUCN mndandanda wa "Zowonongeka Zosachedwa".