Suricata suricatta (Schreber, 1776)

• Suricata suricatta suricatta
• Suricata suricatta iona
• Suricata suricatta marjoriae

Meerkat , kapena meerkat (lat. Suricata suricatta) - mtundu wa nyama zoyamwitsa zochokera ku banja la mongoose (Herpestidae) Kugawidwa ku South Africa (makamaka m'chipululu cha Kalahari: madera akumwera chakumadzulo kwa Angola, Namibia, Botswana ndi South Africa).

Kufotokozera

Meerkat ndi mongooses ang'ono, kulemera kwawo kwa thupi ndi 700-750 g. Kutalika kwa thupi la meerkat (palimodzi ndi mutu) kumayambira 25 mpaka 35 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa mchira (wowonda komanso wokutira kumapeto) - kuyambira 17,5 mpaka 25 cm Makina a mano a Meerkat ndi awa:

I 3 3 C 1 1 P 3 3 M 2 2, < showstyle I <3 over 3> C <1 over 1> P <3 over 3> M <2 over 2> , ,,>

(apa I < showstyle I> ndi ma incisors, C < showstyle C> ndi ma fang, P < showstyle P> ndi molars, M < showstyle M> ali molars owona), kotero ali ndi mano 36 onse. Mwanjira iyi, zofunikira zimapindika pang'ono, ndipo ma molars amakhala ndi ma tubercles okwera.

Mtundu wa malaya nthawi zambiri umakhala wonyezimira. Mitundu yonse yamakina ili ndi mawonekedwe amizeremizere yakuda, yomwe imakhala tsitsi laumwini, maupangiri ake ali utoto wakuda. Mutu uli woyera, makutu ndi akuda, mphuno ndi zofiirira, mchira ndi wachikasu, nsonga ya mchirayo ndi yakuda. Ubweya wake ndi wautali komanso wofewa, undercoat ndi yakuda. Chovala chomwe chili pamimba ndi pachifuwa ndichachifupi. Thupi la meerkat ndi laling'ono, koma ubweya wake wakuda amabisala. Pali tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timadzi tambiri timene timabisala khungu, timene timasungiramo zinsinsi. Kutsogolo kwawo kuli ndizitali zazitali komanso zolimba. Akazi ali ndi nsonga 6.

Meerkat ndi nyama zomwe zikuwotcha. Amzimbi a Meerkat amakumba mabowo kapena gwiritsani ntchito mabowo osiyidwa a agologolo a ku Africa. Mabowowo ndi ozama, nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku 1.5 metres ndikuzama, ndikulowamo zingapo. Ngati amakhala m'dera lamapiri, pamenepo mapanga amiyala amakhala pobisalirako. Tsatirani moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Pa tsiku lotentha amakonda kuyenda pakadzuwa, amatenga zinthu zopatsa chidwi kwambiri. Amatha kuyimirira ndi miyendo yakumbuyo kwanthawi yayitali. Ma bwaloli nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa, ndipo nyumba zatsopano nthawi zambiri zimakhala 1-2 km kuchokera yakale.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Meerkat amadya pafupi ndi mabowo awo, amatembenuza miyala ndikukumba ming'alu pansi. Nthawi zambiri, meerkat amadya tizilombo, koma chakudyacho chimathandizidwanso ndi abuluzi, njoka, zinkhanira, akangaude, mphero, mazira a mbalame, zigawo zomera. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, zakudya zomwe zidachokera ku nyama zomwe zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya za meerkat ndizipatso 82% ndipo ma 7% arachnids (3% ndi olembetsa ndi mamilili, 2% ndizokwawa komanso mbalame).

Meerkat sakhala ndi vuto la njoka. Alinso oletsa (mosiyana ndi anthu) ku poizoni wa zinkhanira wokhala m'chipululu cha Kalahari, ngakhale kulumidwa kwa mitundu ina yoopsa ya zinkhanira kungaphe munthu ndi meerkat, koma mawonekedwewo nthawi zambiri amasungidwa ndi kunyentchera kwa nyamayi, kuyatsa kwake kwa mphezi komanso kakulidwe ka zinthu zomwe nthawi amayamba kuchotsa mchira wa poizoni, ndikumuluma, kenako mchenga umachotsa zithupsazo kuchokera pachinkhanira cha chinkhanira. Scorpions amadya onse akulu ndi ana. Nthawi yomweyo, akuluakulu samangodyetsa ana, koma amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zophunzitsira momwe angagwirire ndi kusankha chinkhanira.

Moyo

Meerkat ndi nyama zokhazikitsidwa bwino zomwe zimaphatikizana madera (Madamu, mileme, akalulu ndi makoswe ena amatsogolera pamkhalidwe woterewu, koma izi ndi zomwe zikuchitika pakati pa olusa). Madera a Meerkat amaphatikiza mabanja awiri kapena atatu, koma anthu 20-30 (mbiri ya anthu 63). Magulu a mabanja amakhala ndi udani pakati pawo magawo, ndipo nkhondo zimakonda kukhala m'malire awo, nthawi zambiri zimatha osakhumudwitsa kamodzi. Zolemba zina zodziwika bwino za sayansi zimazindikira kuti nyamayi ndi imodzi mwamtundu wamagazi kwambiri: malingana ndi deta yawo, mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a nyama imapatsidwa zotsatira zakulimbana kwawo wina ndi mnzake.

Gulu lililonse la mabanja limakhala ndi nyama ziwiri ndi ana awo. Matriarchy amalamulira mu gulu la meerkat, wamkazi amatha kukhala wamkulu kuposa wamwamuna kukula kwake ndikulamulira. Meerkat nthawi zambiri amalankhula wina ndi mnzake, manambala awo akumawu amaphatikiza mawu osakwana makumi awiri mpaka makumi awiri ndi asanu.

Zomwe zimachitika tsiku lililonse ndi meerkat nthawi zambiri zimatsata njira yofananira: m'mawa kwambiri nyama zimadzuka, kuyeretsa khomo kuchokera kumchenga, kutuluka kukafunafuna chakudya, kupumula mumthunzi nthawi yotentha kwambiri, kenako ndikubwerera kukafunafuna chakudya ndikubwerera kudzenje pafupifupi ola limodzi kulowa kwa dzuwa.

Pomwe anthu ena akung'ung'udza pansi, ena amayang'ana uku ndi uku pofuna kuwopsa, chifukwa cha ichi amatha kukwera mitengo.

Kuchotsera burashi kupita kumzinga kumachitika pazifukwa ziwiri: kukhala nthawi yayitali mu burashi wakale, komwe kudachititsa kuti tiziromboti tikhazikike m'ngolo, kapena kufikira banja lampikisanalo kuti lipangire. Kusamutsidwa nthawi zambiri kumayamba m'mawa kukafunafuna chakudya. Atafika, banjali limayamba kuyeretsa mabowo onse omwe ali mdzenje.

Kuswana

Meerkat amatha kutha msinkhu pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Meerkat yachikazi imatha kubweretsa malita anayi pachaka. Mimba imatenga masiku 77 kapena kuchepera. Pali zinyumba zosakwana 7 mu zinyalala, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zinayi kapena zisanu. Mwana wakhanda wolemera 25 mpaka 34 g, amatsegula maso ake pa tsiku la 14, ndipo poyamwitsa amakhala masabata 7-9, nthawi zambiri amakhala 7.5. Zitsamba zimatha kusiya dzenje pokhapokha ngati zimakhala milungu itatu. M'mabanja otetezedwa, mkazi wamkulu yekha ndi amene ali ndi ufulu kubereka. Ngati mayi wina aliyense ali ndi pakati kapena wabereka kale, mkazi wamkulu amatha kutulutsa "wolakwayo" kubanja, nthawi zambiri amapha ana ake.

Ziweto

Meerkat amachepetsa. Amakonda kwambiri kuzizira. Ku South Africa, meerkat amasungidwa kunyumba kwa makoswe ndi njoka. Meerkat nthawi zina amasokonezedwa ndi ma mongooses achikasu (Cynictis), omwe amakhala nawo pafupipafupi. Ma mangooses achikasu satetemera ndipo palibe ziweto zomwe zimatuluka mwa iwo.

Ngamila - zombo zamchenga

Wodziwika kwambiri wokhala m'chipululumo, ngamila. Pali mitundu iwiri ngamila - ziwiri-humped ndi imodzi-humped. Dongosolo la sayansi la ngamira yokhala ndi minyewa iwiri ndi Bactrian (Camelus bactrianus), ndipo ngamila yonyamula-imodzi -yo ndi ya dromedary (Camelus dromedarius).

Ma Bactrian Akutchire ankapezeka ku Asia konse, lero amakhala ku Gobi Desert kokha. Ngamila zowerengeka zokhala ndi masamba awiri zimapezeka ku China, Mongolia, Kalmykia, Kazakhstan, ndi Pakistan.

Ma Dromedars amtchire kulibenso. Makolo awo kale ankakhala kumapululu otentha komanso zipululu za Arabia ndi North Africa. Ngamila zokhala ndi buluku umodzi ndizodziwika ku North Africa ndi Peninsula ya Arabia.

Ngamila zimalekerera mikhalidwe yozama, kutentha ndi kuzizira. Chimanga cholimba, chimateteza miyendo ndi kulumikizana kwa miyendo ya nyama kuti isabwenso ndi mchenga. Miyendo yayitali komanso mutu wokwezeka amaonetsetsa kuti ziwalo zolimba za thupi ndizotalikirana ndi nthaka yotentha. Mawonekedwe ataliitali kwambiri, komanso mphuno zokhala ngati zotsekemera zimateteza nyanjayi pamchenga wowuluka. Mafuta amasungidwa mumkaka ndikusungidwa, womwe umasunga mphamvu. Ndime zazitali zammphuno zimachotsa chinyezi chamtengo wapatali kumlengalenga. Kuphatikiza apo, ngamila zamtunduwu zimasinthidwa ndikusowa chinyontho kotero sizikuwavulaza kuti ataya madzi ochuluka mpaka 40% ya thupi. Amayamba thukuta pokhapokha kutentha kwa thupi kufika 40 C.

Kutentha, ma drummers amatha kupita osamwa mpaka milungu iwiri. Pamatenthedwe ochepera komanso zakudya zamafuta wamafuta, nyama zimatha kumwa nthawi yayitali. Koma mwayi utapezeka, ngamira imamwa ma malita 130 amadzi m'mphindi 10! Amadya udzu, masamba prickly ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mthethe.

Ngamila zakutchire zinkakhala kunja kwa chipululu. Ndipo atatengedwa adayamba kuwoloka ndi mwamunayo madera akulu a Sahara. Munthu anakumba zitsime zakuya kuti azipatsa nyama madzi paulendo wawutali. Chifukwa chake panali ubale: popanda "ngalawa yake yopanda chipululu" munthu sakanakhoza kudutsa nyanja zamchenga izi, ndipo popanda munthu kutenga nawo gawo, ngamira sakanapulumuka pa dziko lapansi ngati mtundu wodziimira pawokha.

Bulu wamtchire - nyama yosadzinyenga

Bulu wamtchire waku Africa (Equus africanus) nthawi ina amakhala kumapiri a Atlas ku Moroccan mpaka ku Cape Horn ndipo adagawidwa kumpoto konse kwa Africa. Lero lipulumuka m'madambo ochepa okhaokha.

Chakudya cha bulu wamtchire ndi chimanga, udzu wowuma, ndi masamba achitsamba. Kagayidwe mu nyama ndizakuti amakhutitsidwa ndi chakudya chochepa komanso ngakhale munyengo zouma sizimadwala. Komabe, amafunika kumwa tsiku lililonse, kotero abulu amtchire amayesera kuti akhale pafupi ndi magwero kapena mafinya. M'mabedi a mitsinje omwe awuma amakumba maenje akuya ndikuchotsa madzi kumeneko. Kuti asunge chinyontho, abulu amatuluka thukuta pang'ono kwinaku akuthamanga, akusinthasintha liwiro lawo kutentha. Izi ndi nyama zosalemekeza, zolimba komanso zachangu. Tsoka ilo, akuwopsezedwa kuti atha chifukwa cha zandalama.

Kuchokera ku bulu wamtchire waku Africa kunabwera bulu wakunyumba, yemwe masiku ano m'malo ena ndi nyama zomwe amakonda.

Mbawala - okongola okhala ku Sahara

Ku Sahara kuli gazelle wa mchenga (Gazella leptoceros) ndi ofanana kwambiri, koma amtundu wakuda bii wa gazelle dorcas (Gazella dorcas). Mitundu yonse iwiri imadyera madzulidwe komanso usiku, ikudya ma forts, zitsamba ndi udzu wa phala. Masana amayesa kubisala dzuwa. Samafunikira madzi akumwa, popeza amalandira chinyezi chofunikira kuchokera ku chakudya. Zovala zazing'ono, ngati nsapato, zimathandiza kuyenda pamchenga wotsetseka wa mchenga.

Rocky Damans ndi Gundis

Ma Desan Damans amtundu wa Procavia siwachikhalidwe, abale a njovu ndi ma sirens. Zala zawo zimatetezedwa ndi misomali. Zitsulo zazitali za Hamster zokhala ndi mapiritsi mukamayendetsa thukuta kuchokera ku tiziwiti. Anthu aku Damayan amatha kuyenda mosavuta m'matanthwe. Nyamazo sizitha kukumba mabowo kapena kumanga zisa, ndipo miyala yamiyala imakhala pobisalirako.

Ma Daman amadya masamba, nthambi ndi zitsamba.

Gundi - makoswe ofanana ndi nkhumba za Guinea. Amakhala m'magulu okhala m'matanthwe. Monga madamana, gundis amathanso kukwawa m'matanthwe, koma matumbo awo samatulutsa thukuta. Tsitsi lakuda la gundi ndilabwino kwambiri, lomwe limawathandiza kupirira usiku wozizira wa kumpoto kwa Sahara komanso kuti asavutike. Ubweya wonyowa umapulumutsanso ku kutentha kwa tsikulo. Mbewu, masamba ndi masamba ena ndiwo chakudya chawo.

Onse a Gundi ndi ma Daman m'chipululu ali ndi adani ambiri. Zimasakidwa ndi mbalame zazikulu zodya nyama, buluzi woyang'anira chipululu, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, steppe lynx, etc.

Daman ndi gundi ndi ofanana kwambiri, chifukwa chake mitundu iwiriyi nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "gundi", zomwe zimatanthawuza "mlonda" mu Chiarabu (chifukwa cha adani ochulukana a nyama omwe adayikirako alonda).

Jerboa waku Egypt - jumper zabwino

Jerboa waku Egypt (Jaculus jaculus) amakhala ku North Africa, Middle East ndi Iran. Miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndiyitali ndipo idasinthika kuti idumphire kuyenda kwakutali pamtunda wautali, ndipo kutsogolo kwake ndikufupikitsa, kotero nyama sizingayende konse. Akadumpha, amakhala ngati mchira wawo. Kukhazikika pamiyendo kumapereka mpata kwa nyanjayo, chifukwa thupi lanyama limachotsedwa kwambiri pamchenga wotentha kuposa poyenda ndi miyendo inayi.

Jerboa wachiiguputo amayenda kukafunafuna chakudya usiku. Usiku, nyama yaying'onoyi imatha kuphimba mpaka 10 km, kutola mbewu, zipatso ndi mizu, osasowa tizilombo komanso nyama zina zazing'ono. Munthawi yochepa yamvula m'chipululu, "moyo" umayamba, chakudya chimakhala chambiri ndipo mafuta am'madzi amadzaza, kotero kuti amathanso kudyedwa munthawi yanjala.

Chipululu Hedgehog - Bingu lamkuntho

Thethiopian (chipululu) hedgehog (Paraechinus aethiopicus) imapezekanso m'chipululu chowuma, koma imakonda mabedi a wadi - owuma amtsinje wokhala ndi masamba ochepa. Ndiwocheperako kuposa abale ake aku Europe, ndipo pa chisoti chachifumu pamakhala mawonekedwe a dazi.

Amapita kukasaka pansi pa chitetezo chamdima. Ndi nsagwada zake zamphamvu, amagwira ma invertebrates okhala m'nthaka. Dzombe, akangaude, mphero, zimasakazidwa kwa hedgehog. Koma koposa zonse amakonda zinkhanira. Asanadye chibakera, amaluma mwachangu.

Pachilumba cha Arabia ndi lamba wouma ku Asia, hedgehog ya Brandt kapena hedgehog wamdima (Paraechinus hypomelas) amakhala. Ndiwocheperako pang'ono kuposa hedgehog. Pafupifupi singano zakuda zimapachikika pamizu yakuda yaimvi. Monga mnzake waku Africa, hedgehog wa Brandt amagwira ntchito usiku. Amapulumutsidwa ku dzuwa ndi adani mumiyala yamiyala.

Mitundu yonse iwiri imagwera mu hibernation, ndi dzanzi pakufa ndi njala, yopulumutsa mphamvu.

Mwana wa nkhosa wamphongo - wokhala modzicepetsa wokhala kumapiri

Maned ram (Ammotragus lervia) ndi woimira banja la bovine. Amadziwika ndi dzina lake chifukwa choti ali ndi chingwe chachitali pakhosi ndi pachifuwa, ndipo gulu latsitsi lalitali limapachikika kumapazi kwake kwa kutsogolo. Kutalika kwa nyama zikafota kumatha kufika mita imodzi, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 140. Nyama zonse zachikulire zakhala ndi nyanga zopindika, ndipo zazimphongo zazitali zimatha kukhala 70 cm.

Malo okhala nkhosa zamphongo zokhala ndi amuna ndi malo omwe madzi amakokoloka, pomwe m'mphepete mwake mumasunthira miyala yamiyala. Apa, nyama chifukwa cha ziboda zolimba komanso minofu yolimba imatha kuyenda mwachangu komanso mopanda mantha.

Mbuzi zamphongo zimadyera zitsamba, nyemba, masamba, kufunikira kwa madzi kumakwaniritsidwa makamaka chifukwa cha chakudya.

M'mbuyomu, nyamazi zinali zofala, koma tsopano zimatha kupezeka m'malo ena osafikirika.

Antelope Mendes - dzina la nyanja lamchenga

Antelope Mendes (kapena Addax) (Addax nasomaculatus) ndi mayi wachizungu ku banja la nkhokwe. Chizindikiro pa nyamayi ndi nyanga zazitali.

Awa ndi akatswiri otopa. Magulu a Antelope amayenda maulendo ataliatali kuti akapeze malo odyetsedwera pakati pa nyanja zamchenga ndi miyala yamiyala.

Addax amadya zitsamba ndi masamba a mitengo ndi zitsamba. Kuti achepetse madzi ambiri momwe angathere, nyama zimadyera usiku ndi madzulo pamene mame agwa. Kutentha masana ku Antelope Mendes, kutentha kwa thupi kumakwera madigiri angapo. Chifukwa chake chimapewa kutenthetsa ndi kuwonongeka kwa chinyontho, chifukwa ikakhazikika ndi thukuta, mosakayikira imataya madzi ambiri. Amadziteteza kuti lisatenthe, nyamayo ndi ziboda zake zakumaso zimakumba pansi ndikuzibisala masana.

Jumper antelope

Mtundu wa Springbok antelope (Antidorcas marsupialis) - mtundu wokhawo womwe umakhala kumapanda owuma a Namibia ndi Kalahari. Chinyengochi chidadziwika ndi dzina loti chizitha kulumpha kuchokera kumalo kupita kumtunda. Elastic, ngati mpira wa mphira, nyerere imachoka mumlengalenga, imagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndi miyendo yonse, ikugwedeza kumbuyo kwake, khosi ndi mutu pamzera umodzi. Amatha kudumphira pamtunda wamamita atatu ndi kutalika kwa mamita 15!

Mbidzi zam'mapiri

Mbidzi zam'mapiri (Equus zebra) ndizochepa kwambiri pakati pa mbidzi. Oyimira odziwitsa a banja la akavalo, amadziwika mosavuta ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pamaso oyera, chikudya m'mphepete mwa mapiri. Ziboda zawo zimakhazikika msanga, kulipirira kuvala zolimba mukasunthira pamiyala.

Popewa ngozi kuti adani asamagwire m'mapiri, ankakhazikitsa malo achitetezo.

Aardvark

Aardvark (Orycteropus afer) amafanana ndi nkhumba, koma si abale. Aardvark ndi mtundu womaliza wopulumuka wa akale unulates.

Masana, chilombo sichitha kuwoneka kawirikawiri, chifukwa panthawiyi chimabisala chifukwa cha kutentha m'khola. Imagwira usiku, ndipo masana simaona. The aardvark amadya makamaka ndi tizilombo.

Odyera zipululu

Pamodzi ndi nyama zowononga komanso zopanda chitetezo, nyama zodyera zimapezekanso m'chipululu. Choyamba, awa ndi mikango, nyalugwe ndi nyalugwe.

Komwe kulibe adani akuluakulu, mpirawo umalamulidwa ndi nkhandwe yakuda (Canis mesomelas).

M'mphepete mwa Namibia, mutha kupeza nkhandwe zina zowuma (Otocyon megalotis). Makutu amtunduwu ndi otsika pang'ono makutu a Fenech, koma khutu la nkhandwe lalikulu silikhala loopsa, ngakhale limagwira mphutsi komanso tizilombo tosavomerezeka mobisa.

Steppe lynx kapena caracal (Felis caracal) ndi msaki wina wabwino kwambiri wamchenga wamchere. Zinali kuti nyamayi imangoyang'anira nyama zazing'onoting'ono, koma zidadziwika kuti mphakayo ndi wa 50cm kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito ma sprigbok akuluakulu, omwe kulemera kwake kumakhala kochulukirapo kuposa kokwake. Kuchokera pamalo okhala, chilombocho chimatha kudumpha mamita angapo kutalika ndikugwira mbalame.

Wodabwitsanso wina wokhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri ndi fisi. Ndiosavuta kuzindikira ndi kutsogolo kwa kutsogolo, kutsika kumbuyo ndi khosi lalitali. Kapangidwe kake ka nyama kamasonyeza kusinthasintha kwake kogwiritsa ntchito chilichonse chomwe nyama zazikuluzikulu zimazisiya ikasaka bwino. Komabe, mafisi amasaka okha.

Fenech

Fenech (Vulpes zerda) ndi membala wocheperako wa banja la canine. Chodabwitsa chake ndi makutu akuluakulu, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika masentimita 15. Amakhala m'mapululu amchenga a North Africa ndi Peninsula ya Arabia, omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri ku Sahara.

Nkhandweyo imadikirira nyama zake - tizilombo, abuluzi ndi zazing'ono zazing'ono usiku. Amadyanso mazira ndi zipatso. Nkhandwe zam'chipululu zimakwaniritsa kufunika kwamadzi ndi chakudya. Dziwani zambiri za Fenech kuchokera m'nkhaniyi.

Matumba

Mtundu umodzi wa mileme adasamukira kuchipululu cha Namib. Uwu ndiye kuwala kowopsa kwamadzulo, komwe kumakhala mtundu wamadzulo usiku, kapena mileme wamaso amfupi (Myotis seabrai). Nyamazo zimabisalira m'mphepete mwa m'matanthwe omwe amapezeka pakati pa zitunda. Moyo wa zinyama zouluka izi umakhala pachiwopsezo nthawi zonse chifukwa cha mphepo zam'nyanja zomwe zimakhala ndi silt.

Mbalame

Mchipululu, mumakhala mbalame monga chiwombankhanga, mavu, mikango yaku Mediterranean, nthiwatiwa zaku Africa, zibangiri za m'chipululu, grouse, golide shyloklyuvye woodpeckers ndi ena ambiri.

Poyerekeza ndi ena ambiri okhala m'chipululu, mbalame zimakhala ndi zabwino zambiri. Mosiyana ndi zolengedwa zomwe zimayamwa nthawi zonse kutentha kwa thupi, kutentha kwa thupi kwa mbalame kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, chifukwa chake, amasuntha kutentha mosavuta. Koma koposa zonse, zimatha kuuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti, kutentha kwambiri, kukwera pamwamba m'mlengalenga ozizira.

Mbalame zodya nyama zimazungulira m'mphepete mwa mapiri atakwera pamwambamwamba, komwe kumakhala kozizira kwambiri kuposa kufupi ndi dziko lapansi. Koma nthawi zambiri masana mbalame zotenthera kwambiri zimakhala pansi pama tchire kapena pakati pa nthambi zamitengo. Amasinthira zochitika zawo m'mamaŵa osangalatsa kwambiri.

Njoka zagonjetsa pafupifupi malo onse okhala padziko lapansi komanso zigawo zopanda moyo kwambiri. Njoka zonga njoka yolira, njoka yakuda yaku Africa, njoka zolimbana, ndi njoka zamoto zokhala ndi moyo mchipululu chotentha. Pamchenga wotentha, amasuntha motere. Ikakola mbali, njokayo imagwira nthaka yotentha yokhala ndi mfundo ziwiri kapena zitatu za thupi lake. Kuti achite izi, amadzutsa mutu wake ndikulekanitsa thupi ndi nthaka, ndikuwatembenuza momasuka komanso cham'mbali, pambuyo pokhapo atagwira pansi. Potere, mutu ndi thupi zimatsogozedwa kuti zisunthidwe. Mukuyenda komwewo iye amapanga kuzungulira kwatsopano. Amakhala ngati "masitepe" mtsogolo.

Zovala zachi Moor: Anthu achihabwi amakhala m'chipululu

M'chipululu, ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amatha kukhala ndi moyo, chifukwa amafunika madzi abwino kuti aponyere caviar. Tchalitchi chachi Moorish chokha (Bufo mauritanicus) chimadzaza matupi amadzi ndi makina amadzi amadzi ochokera ku Western Sahara. Pakuponya caviar, amakhala wokhutira ndi ma puddles am'madzi momwe madzi amakhala kwa milungu ingapo. Usiku, chikhodzodzo cha Moorish chimadyera crustaceans, tizilombo ta m'nthaka, komanso mphero.

Chinyama chakupha chamchenga - chinkhanira

Mitundu yambiri ya zinkhanira imakhala m'chipululu, chimodzi mwazomwezi ndi nkhono zam'madzi za ku Sahara (Androctonus australis). Mtundu wamtunduwu umakhala ndi utoto wochokera ku chikasu chowoneka chofiirira, chifukwa chomwe chimakhala chosiyana ndi dothi lamchenga wowala. Ndi kutsogolo kwake, amakumba mabowo pansi, nthawi zina amabisala pansi pa miyala. Kuchepetsa kutayika kwa madzi, chinkhanira chimachepetsa kupuma. Kungoyambira usiku chabe, nyama yolusa imasiya pobisalira ndi kukasaka. Mitundu yonse ya tizilombo imakhala chakudya chake.

Mollusks

Ngakhale ma buluu okonda madzi adatha kuzolowera kukhala ndi moyo m'madzi amchenga. Izi zikuphatikiza, mwachitsanzo, nkhono ya m'chipululu (Helix desertorum), oimira ena a banja la Sphincterochiladae. Amakakamizidwa kuteteza thupi lawo kuti lisawonongeke. Chifukwa chake, ma gastropods apadziko lapansi (Sphincterochilidae) nthawi zonse amakhala ndi utoto wowala kwambiri ndi chipolopolo chakuda kwambiri, chomwe chimawonetsera mpaka 95% ya kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikuteteza ziwalo zamkati kuti zisawonongeke. Koma popeza ndiuma kwambiri izi sizikwanira, nkhono zimatseka nyumba yawo ndi chivundikiro cha laimu ndipo zimatha kukhala zaka zitatu m'bomali.

Artemia crustacean - wokhala m'chipululu

M'malo omwe madzi amafikira padziko lapansi, Artemia salmon (Artemia salina) amakhala. Gill-crustacean wamtunduwu amatha kukhalanso ngakhale mu brine ya Schott (nyanja yowumitsa mchere), ndipo mwambiri kotero kuti amachititsa madziwo kukhala ofiira. Akuluakulu crustaceans 1 cm, ali owonekera, ofiira.

Dzombe Lachipululu - Zowopsa Zaku

Nthawi zina m'zipululu nthawi yamvula kumakhala tsoka lalikulu - kuwukira kwa dzombe. Dzombe la chipululu (Schistocerca gregaria), posaka chakudya nthawi zonse, mumasonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu omwe amatha kuwayenda mtunda wautali mothandizidwa ndi mphepo yabwino, ndikuwononga madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi mavutowa.

Pakukhazikitsa mazira a dzombe, chinyontho chimafunikira, chomwe m'malo omwe amagawidwa chimangobwera mvula yamvula koma yovuta. Pakumera kwazomera zambiri, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya, tizilombo timatulutsa. Nthawi zabwino dzombe, limakhazikitsa mazira 20,000 pa 1 m2 wa dothi.

Ziphuphu za Sahara

Woimira wamba wa chipululu cha Sahara ndi mchira waminga (Uromastyx) wochokera ku banja la agam. Nyama iyi imawoneka yoyipa. Ali ndi thupi lathyathyathya komanso mutu waching'ono wofanana ndi mutu wa kamba. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mchira waufupi, wokutira ndi mamba opepuka, omwe amateteza. Pakachitika ngozi, zingwezo zimabisa mitu yawo m'khola, ndipo ndi mchira wowala amakangana ndi mdani.

Mchira wa spiky umatetezedwa bwino ku kusinthasintha kwamphamvu mu kutentha kwa chipululu. Kuti achite izi, amasintha mtundu. M'mawa kwambiri, kukacha kumakhalabe pambuyo pausiku wozizira, abuluzi amadetsedwa ndipo dzuwa limawotcha thupi lomwe latentha usiku.

Nthaka ndi nyama zodziwitsa, ndi achinyamata okha omwe nthawi zina amasintha zakudya ndi tizilombo.

Pharminkutical skink (Scincus scincus) - mmodzi mwa oimira odziwika kwambiri pa ma skinks, gawo lofunikira la zipululu zam'chipululu.

Buluzi, wofanana ndi ng'ona yaying'ono, imayenda momasuka pamwamba komanso mkati mwa mchenga. Miyendo yayifupi koma yolimba imachirikiza mchira, gudumu ndi mbali zakuthwa zam'mimba zomwe zimadulidwa mumchenga. Chinyontho chikuyenda, chimakhala ngati chikuyandama mumchenga.

Skink ndi chosasamala chakudya, komabe, monga nyama zina zam'chipululu. Amayang'anitsitsa pachilichonse chomwe angathe kuthana: kachikumbu, mphutsi, dzombe, mphero, etc. Ngati zingatheke, amadya maluwa, masamba, nyemba ndi mbewu mosangalala.

Skink anaphunziranso kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi madzi. Iyi ndiye njira yokhayo yopulumukira m'malo owuma komanso ochepa. Monga chinyezi, imagwiritsa ntchito madzi omwe ali m'manja mwa nkhandwe, ndipo imapeza mafuta osungidwa kumizu ya mchira. Ngati mchenga umakhala wotentha kwambiri masana komanso kuzizira kwambiri usiku, tsambalo limatsika mpaka masentimita 20 mu mchenga wosazungulira, komwe kumatentha kwambiri.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Meerkats monga mtundu wa banja la mongoose, dongosolo ndiwotsala, suborder ndi mphaka. Meerkat sakhala ofanana kwenikweni ndi amphaka, mawonekedwe awo amthupi ndiosiyana kwambiri, ndipo zizolowezi zawo ndi moyo wawo ndizosiyana kotheratu. Ngakhale akatswiri ambiri opanga chisinthiko amati mzere woyamba udalipo pakati pa nyengo ya Eocene pafupifupi zaka miliyoni 42, "kholo wamba" la gulu lonselo mu paleontology silinapezeke. Koma mbali inayi, mitundu yachilendo ya meerkats inapezeka, chifukwa chomwe panali lingaliro kuti nyamazo zinachokera ku mongoose wamizeremizere yemwe amakhala kumwera kwa Africa.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Nyama ya Meerkat

Meerkat - nyama yaying'ono, magalamu 700-1000 okha polemera. Wocheperako pang'ono kuposa mphaka. Thupi limakhala lokwera, pafupifupi masentimita 30 mpaka 35 ndi mutu. Masentimita ena 20-25 amatenga mchira wa nyama. Amakhala ndi yopyapyala, ngati khoswe, wakhazikika kumapeto. Meerkat amagwiritsa ntchito michira yawo ngati balanc. Mwachitsanzo, nyama zikakhala kuti zili ndi miyendo yakumbuyo, kapena zikulowetsa njoka. Panthawi yolimbana ndi njokayo, nyama imatha kugwiritsa ntchito mchira ngati nyambo ndi chandama chabodza.

Ndikosavuta kuyeza kutalika kwa thupi la meerkat pomwe akuwona china chake, atayimirira miyendo yake yakumbuyo. Meerkat amatenga izi nthawi zambiri. Pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse akufuna kuyang'ana mtunda. Amagwiritsa ntchito kutalika kokwanira kotero kuti mbali yoyang'ana imapereka malingaliro momwe angathere. Chifukwa chake chilengedwe chimasinthana ndi nyamazo kuti ziziwona nyama zomwe zikudyazo zili kutali ndi kwawo.

Akazi ali ndi nsonga zisanu ndi chimodzi pamimba zawo. Amatha kudyetsa ana pachilichonse, ngakhale kuyimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo. Akazi ndi okulirapo kuposa abambo ndipo amatengedwa ngati apamwamba. Ma Meerkat paws amakhala afupikitsa, oonda, owuma komanso amphamvu kwambiri. Zala zazitali ndizitali. Mothandizidwa ndi iwo, meerkat amatha kukumba pansi, kukumba mabowo, kusunthira mwachangu.

Phokoso laling'ono ndi laling'ono, laling'ono m'dera la makutu ndipo laling'ono kwambiri mpaka mphuno. Makutu amakhala m'mphepete, m'malo otsika, ang'onoang'ono. Mphuno ndi feline kapena canine, lakuda. Meerkat ali ndi mano 36 mkamwa mwawo, 3 a iwo incisors kumanja ndi kumanzere, kumtunda ndi pansi, canine imodzi, 3 ma incisors oyambira ndi ma molars awiri owona. Nyama imatha kudula chivundikiro chowirira cha tizilombo tokhala ndi nyama zolimba.

Thupi lonse lanyama limakutidwa ndi ubweya, kuyambira kumbali yakumbuyo limakhala lakuda komanso lakuda, kuyambira kumbali yam'mimba nthawi zambiri, lalifupi komanso lopepuka. Utoto umasiyana kuchokera kufiira owoneka bwino kapenanso masikasu achikasu mpaka timaso tofiirira. Ma meyketa onse ali ndi mikwaso yakuda pa chovalacho. Amapangidwa ndi nsonga zakuda zakuda zomwe zimakhala pafupi. Nkhope komanso pamimba ya nyama nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopepuka, ndipo makutu ake ndi zakuda. Ku nsonga ya mchira nawonso kupakidwa wakuda. Ubweya umawonjezera voliyumu kwa nyama yakhanda. Popanda iye, ma mechalo akanamawoneka ochepa thupi komanso ochepa.

Chosangalatsa: Pamimba, meerkat ilibe chovala cholimba. Pamenepo, nyamayo imangokhala ndi undercoat yofewa.

Kodi meerkat amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Live Meerkat

Meerkat amapezeka makamaka kumwera kwa Africa.

Zitha kupezeka m'maiko monga:

Nyamazi amazisintha kuti zizikhala nyengo yotentha, yolekerera mkuntho. Chifukwa chake, amakhala m'madambo komanso zipululu. Mwachitsanzo, meerkat amapezeka ambiri m'malo a chipululu cha Namib komanso chipululu cha Kalahari.

Ngakhale amatha kutchedwa Hardy, koma ma mekitala sanakonzekere konse kuzimitsa pang'ono, ndipo sangathe kulekerera kutentha pang'ono. Izi ndizofunikira kukumbukira kwa mafani kuti apeze nyama yosowa kunyumba. Ku Russia, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kutentha kwa nyumba ndikuchotsa zolemba zanyama.

Meerkat amakonda dothi louma, lochulukirapo kapena locheperako, kuti athe kukumba pogona. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yolowera ndikulowera ndipo imalola nyamayo kubisala kwa adani khomo limodzi, pomwe nyamayo ikangotsika malowa, meerkat imathawa kutuluka kwina. Komanso nyama zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito mabowo a anthu ena, zokumbidwa ndi nyama zina ndikusiyidwa. Kapena mungobisala mu ma dothi achilengedwe.

Ngati malowa ndi olamulidwa ndi maziko amiyala, mapiri, malo otsetsereka, ndiye kuti ma mekitala amagwiritsa ntchito mapanga ndi ma novu ndicholinga chofanizira.

Kodi meerkat amadya chiyani?

Meerkat amadya makamaka ndi tizilombo. Amadziwika kuti osatetezeka. Nthawi zambiri, samapita kutali ndi malo awo okhala, koma kukumba pafupi ndi nthaka, mizu, kutembenuza miyala kuti potero adzifunire okha chakudya. Koma alibe zakudya zomwe amakonda, motero ali ndi mitundu yambiri.

Meerkat amapeza michere kuchokera:

• tizilombo
• akangaude
• milili
• zinkhanira
• njoka
• abuluzi
• mazira a akamba ndi mbalame zazing'ono,
• masamba.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe amakonda kwambiri nyama ndi kusaka zinkhanira zomwe zimakhala m'malo ambiri m'chipululu. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, poizoni wa njoka ndi zinkhanira sizowopsa kwa nyama, chifukwa meerkat imatha kupewa ziphezi. Ngakhale pali zochitika zina zowonjezeka komanso kawirikawiri zomwe zimachitika kuti zimwalira ndi nyama zomwe zimalumidwa ndi njoka kapena chinkhanira. Meerkat ndi onyansa kwambiri. Amachotsa mwachangu dalyo ndi zinkhanira, ndiye kuti adye mosamala.

Amaphunzitsanso ana awo maluso oterowo, ndipo ngakhale kuti anawo sangathe kusaka okha, anawo amawapatsa chakudya ndipo amaphunzitsidwa kuti azitha kupeza okha chakudya ndikusaka. Amathanso kusaka makoswe ang'ono ndikudya. Chifukwa cha izi, meerkat adadziwika kwambiri ngati ziweto.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Nyama ya Meerkat

Meerkat amadziwika kuti ndi anzeru kwambiri. Kuti athe kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oposa makumi awiri, lililonse lili ndi zilembo zingapo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kuchenjeza zoopsa m'chinenedwe chawo pali mawu omwe akuwonetsa kutalika kwa wolumikizana ndi mawu akuti "kutali" ndi "pafupi". Amauzananso komwe ngoziyo imachokera - pamtunda kapena mlengalenga.

Chochititsa chidwi: choyamba, chilombo chimasayina kwa achibale za momwe ngoziyo iliri, ndipo pokhapokha - ikuchokera kuti. Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi awona kuti ana amatinso amaphunzira tanthauzo la mawuwa motere.

Pachilankhulo cha meerkat palinso mawu omwe akuwonetsa kuti kutuluka kuchokera pogona panu ndi kwaulere, kapena, kutinso, kuti simungachokepo, chifukwa pali ngozi. Meerkat amagona usiku. Khalidwe lawo limakhala masana. M'mawa, atadzuka, mbali ina ya paketi imangokhala osamala, anthu ena amasaka. Kusintha kwa olondera nthawi zambiri kumachitika patadutsa maola ochepa. Nthawi yotentha, nyama zimakakamizika kukumba mabowo.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti panthawi yakakumba, makutu awo amawoneka kuti atsekeka kuti nthaka ndi mchenga zisalowe.

Chifukwa chakuti usiku wam'chipululu kuzizira, ndipo ubweya wa meerkat nthawi zambiri samapereka kutenthera bwino, nyama zimawuma, motero m'gululo nthawi zambiri amagona mwamphamvu kuti akumanirane. Izi zimawathandiza kuti asazizire. M'mawa, gulu lonse limawotha dzuwa. Komanso, kutuluka kwa dzuwa, nyamazo nthawi zambiri zimatsuka nyumba, kutaya dothi lambiri, ndikukula mabowo.

Kuthengo, nyama zamtchire nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka zopitilira zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena zisanu. Nthawi zambiri, zaka zomwe munthu amakhala ndi moyo zimakhala zaka zinayi ndi zisanu. Komanso ma mekitala amakhala ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe, nthawi zambiri amafa, koma kufa kwa anthu kumathandizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwambiri, kotero kuchuluka kwa meerkats sikuchepa. Ndipo chifukwa chake, chiwopsezo cha nyama ndizokwera, chimafika 80% mwa achinyamata ndi 30% ya achikulire. Ali mu ukapolo, amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka khumi ndi ziwiri.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Meerkat Gopher

Meerkat ndi nyama zoyanjana kwambiri. Amachita chilichonse m'magulu. Amakhala m'magulu akulu akulu, pafupifupi 40-50.Gulu limodzi la meerkat limatha kukhala pafupifupi ma kilomita awiri, nkukhalamo ndikusaka. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kusamuka kwa meerkat. Ayenera kuyendayenda pofunafuna chakudya chatsopano.

Pamutu pa gululo pali wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, zazikazi kukhala zazikulu, meerkat amakhala ndi matriarchy. Chachikazi choyimirira pamutu pakepuyo chili ndi ufulu wobereka. Ngati wina agulitsa, atha kuthamangitsidwa ndikukukhadzulakhadzula. Ana ang'ono amathanso kuphedwa.

Meerkat ndi prolific. Akazi amatha kubereka ana atsopano katatu pachaka. Mimba imatenga masiku 70 okha; Mu litala limodzi pakhoza kukhala ana awiri kapena asanu. Gulu lonse la nkhosalo nthawi zambiri limasamalira mbadwa za akuluakulu. Amembala amabweretsa chakudya, kuluma majeremusi kuchokera ku ana agalu, mpaka atakhala njira zochitira okha, ndikuwateteza munjira iliyonse. Zimafika kuti ngati mdani wamkulu wokwanira aukira gulu, ndipo aliyense alibe nthawi yobisala, ndiye kuti anthu akuluakulu amadziphimba okha ndi ana, ndipo potero amapulumutsa achichepere mtengo wake.

Kulera kumaikidwa bwino m'masukulu, omwe amasiyanitsa mwamphamvu ndi nyama zina, zomwe ana awo saphunzira pakukonzekera, koma pakuwona momwe makolo awo amakhalira. Amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa chomwe adawonetsera izi m'malo achipululu omwe amakhala.

Chowoneka chochititsa chidwi: Meerkat otchedwa, mosiyana ndi meerkat, ndi makolo oyipa kwambiri. Amatha kusiya ana awo. Cholinga chake ndichakuti nyama zimapatsa chidziwitso ku m'badwo watsopano kudzera pakuphunzitsidwa, ndipo zimagwira gawo lalikulu kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira.

Adani achilengedwe a meerkat

Chithunzi: Meerkat Cub

Kukula kwa nyamazo kumawapangitsa kukhala ozunzidwa ndi adani ambiri. Pansi, ankhandwe amadula nyama za meerkat. Kuchokera kumwamba zimawopsezedwa ndi kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama, makamaka ziwombankhanga, zomwe sizimangodya ana ochepa, komanso pama megkaka akuluakulu. Nthawi zina njoka zikuluzikulu zimatha kukwawa. Mwachitsanzo, mfumu cobra imatha kusangalala ndi ana agalu okha, komanso ambiri akuluakulu pafupifupi anthu akuluakulu - omwe amatha kuthana nawo.

Kuphatikiza apo, meerkats samalimbana ndi adani okha, komanso abale awo. M'malo mwake, iwowo ndi adani achilengedwe. Amakhulupirira kuti ma meya ambiri amathanso kudya zakudya zopezeka m'bomalo ndikuwononga gawo lomwe amakhala. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi, mabanja akukakamizidwa kuti azingoyendayenda kumalo ena kupita kwina.

Izi zimabweretsa nkhondo zapawiri pakati pa gawo komanso pamwamba pa chakudya. Nkhondo za nyama ndizowopsa kwambiri, zisanu zilizonse zamtundu wankhondo zimamwalira. Nthawi yomweyo, zazikazi zimateteza makhola awo mwankhanza, popeza mabanja akamwalira, adani nthawi zambiri amapha ana onse popanda kusiyidwa.

Meerkat amalowa mu ndewu kokha ndi oimira amtundu wawo. Kuchokera kwa olusa amayesa kubisala pobisalira kapena kuthawa. Nyama ikaoneka m'munda mwake wamasomphenyawo, nyamayo imauza abalewo mawuwo kuti gulu lonse ladziwike ndipo lithawire.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Banja la Meerkat

Ngakhale zimafa mwachilengedwe, ma mekitchu ndi mtundu womwe ungathe kuperewera pang'ono. Masiku ano, sikuti ali pachiwopsezo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mitundu yamtunduwu ndikokhazikika. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi chitukuko chachilengedwe pang'onopang'ono m'maiko ena ku South Africa, malo okhala nyama amachepa, ndipo malo awo achilengedwe amasokonezeka.

Kuchulukirachulukira kwa anthu kungakulitse vutolo. Koma ngakhale ma mekitikesi ndi amtundu wotukuka ndipo sakuphatikizidwa ndi Mabuku Osafunika. Palibe njira kapena zomwe zimatengedwa kuteteza ndi kuteteza nyama izi.

Anthu ochulukitsa nyama amatha kufikira anthu 12 pa kilomita imodzi. Makulidwe a asayansi amawona anthu ochulukirapo 7.3 pa kilomita imodzi. Ndi mtengo uwu, kuchuluka kwa meerkat kumalimbana kwambiri ndi zovuta ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.

Nyama sizisamalidwa mosavuta, motero nthawi zambiri zimakhala malonda m'maiko ambiri aku Africa. Kuchotsedwa kwa nyama zakutchire sikunakhudzenso kuchuluka kwawo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo. Ndizosangalatsa kuti meerkat osawopa anthu. Amakhala ozolowera alendo apaulendo mpaka amadzilola kuti azisenda. Amapita kwa munthu popanda mantha, ndipo amafunitsitsa kulandira “mphatso” zabwino kuchokera kwa alendo.