Republic of Tatarstan ndi laling'ono: dera lake ndi lalikulu 68,000 mita. km Ngakhale gawo laling'onoting'ono, republic imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwawo kwapadera komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa zikhalidwe ndi mayiko. Koma lero sizokhudza izi. Chisamaliro makamaka chiyenera kulipidwa ku mtundu wa Tatarstan. Pali zipilala zachilengedwe 138 ku republic.

Chipilala chachilengedwe ndi chiyani

Chipilala chachilengedwe ndichinthu chapadera chamoyo kapena chamoyo, chosatetezedwa ndi boma komanso chidwi cha sayansi.

Chifukwa chachikulu chotetezera zipilala zachilengedwe ndikusungidwa kwachilengedwe. Kuteteza zipilala zachilengedwe ndi mabungwe omwe ali ndi madera omwe amakhala.

Mtundu wa Tatarstan komanso mbiri yachitukuko cha republic zimalumikizidwa palimodzi kudzera zipilala zachilengedwe. Akuluakulu ndi anthu amvetsetsa kuti moyo kunja kwachilengedwe ndi kosatheka, ndipo yesani kuchita chilichonse kuti muupulumutse.

Zomwe zimachitika ku Tatarstan

Republic ili pamalire a nkhalango ndi zigawo za steppe, kotero chikhalidwe cha ku Tatarstan chimagwirizanitsa kudzichepetsa ndi chithumwa nthawi yomweyo. Misewu yayikulu kwambiri ku Europe - Kama ndi Volga - imakumana moyang'anani mdera la republic. Ndipo kum'mawa kwake, chigwa cha Russia chili kutsogolo kwa "miyendo" ya mapiri a Ural.

Kukongola kwachilengedwe kangapo komwe kukuchitika m'chigawo cha Tatarstan nkovuta kufotokoza buku lonselo. Tidzayesera kukukokerani pang'ono kudziko lamatsenga.

Zipilala Zamtchire

Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, madera omwe anali kumpoto kwa Volga ndi Kama anali nkhalango yowirira ya taiga. Kum'mwera, adadutsa bwino kulowa m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino zamapayini, ndipo kum'mwera kwa mitsinje yayikulu kunali nkhalango yotambalala.

Mu zaka 13 mpaka 1300, ma burs amphamvu adayamba kudulidwa mwachangu, malo opondera adalima, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti nkhalango isawonongeke.

Ndipo posachedwapa, mahekitala opitilira 100 a nkhalango adasefukira ndi madzi a nkhokwe za Nizhnekamsk ndi Kuibyshev.

Madera ochepa okha a nkhalango zachilengedwe adatsala, omwe lero ndi miyala yachilengedwe ya ku Tatarstan.

Nkhalango zakum'mwera zamdima yotentha, spruce ndi fir, ndizotetezedwa "Source of the Kazanka", "Meshebash Forestry" ndi "Bersutsky Fir".

Mitengo ya payini, yotambasuka kwambiri imatha kuwoneka mu "Big Forest", "Kzyltau", "Peter Pines", ndi zina zambiri.

Nkhalango zokhala ndi mapiri otetezedwa zimatetezedwa m'makumbutso awiri achilengedwe a Pre-Volga dera - m'nkhalango za Kaybitskaya ndi Tarkhanovskaya. Kuchokera mwa mitundu iyi ya mitengo komwe Peter 1 amapanga zombo zake zotchuka.

Zipilala za steppe

Kumpoto chakumwera kwa Tatarstan - ku Zakamye ndi kum'mwera kwa Pre-Volga - kuli malo oteteza nkhalango. Maulalo angapo opangira chonde ndi omwe anali ndi chonde adalimidwa, ndiye malo ochepa chabe omwe adasungidwa. Zodabwitsa kwambiri za mbewu za steppe zimamera pamayiko awa, ambiri omwe ali pafupi kutha ndipo adalembedwa ku Red Book. Zina mwa izo ndi:

• wodera wamtambo
• dinari yayikulu maluwa,
• keleria ndiwofatsa.

Pakati pazomera za masamba awa palinso zomwe sizipezeka kwina kulikonse.

Zipilala zachilengedwe za Republic of Tatarstan ndi monga:

• malo otsetsereka a mitsinje m'chigawo cha Novosheshminsky, atchedwa S.I.Korzhinsky, katswiri wa sayansi ya University of Kazan.
• Salikhovskaya phiri.
• Phiri la Karabash.
• Woyendetsa Yanga-Salinsky.
• Malo otentha a Klikovsky.

Zoological Monological

Ufumu wa nyama republic ndiwosiyanasiyana. Pafupifupi mitundu 420 ya anyaniwa amakhala ku Tatarstan, ndipo mwa mitundu yonseyi muli mitundu ya taiga (chipmunk, hazel grouse, capercaillie) ndi mitundu ya steppe (jerboa, jerboa, steppe viper, ndi marmot-baibak).

Kudera la republic kuli makasitomala osaka 20 osaka nyama zina.

Pali zipilala 8 zochaka 8 zokha ku Tatarstan:

• Magulu a imvi heron.
• Zipolopolo za mutu wakuda.
• Magulu a marmot marmot, zazikulu kwambiri ndi Chershilinskaya ndi Chetyr-Tau.

Kukula kwa mafakitale komanso kuba zaciwawa popanda ngozi zikuopseza kupezeka kwa mitundu yambiri ya zinyama. Komabe, olamulira ku Tatarstan akuchita zonse zotheka kuti ateteze ndikuchulukitsa anthu osowa.

Zokopa zachilengedwe zaku Tatarstan

Tatarstan ili ku East European Plain potengera Volga ndi Kama. Repubulikiyi imapezeka m'nkhalango komanso nkhalango zowirira. Mitundu yowola yamitengo, yomwe imapezeka yambiri, imayimiridwa ndi thundu, linden, birch. Mwa malo obzala, ma pine ndi spruce amapezeka m'malo ano. Chigwa cha Tatarstan nthawi zina chimasinthana ndi zitunda zazing'ono.

Ku republic kuli chiwerengero chachikulu cha zokopa zachilengedwe. Apa, malo abwino kwambiri adapangira kuti mitundu ya nyama ndi mbalame zizikhalamo. Ena adalembedwa ngakhale mu Buku Lofiyira. Pokhala pano, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukayendere malo omwe amakonda alendo.

Masamba achilengedwe

Zipilala za geological ndizinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kayendetsedwe kamadothi lapansi: miyala ikuluikulu, njira zosazungulira, miyala, matako, ndi zina.

Ndipo ngakhale ambiri ku Tatarstan ali East European Plain, pali zipilala zambiri zam'malo pano. Munjira zambiri, mitsinje yayikulu pamtunda ndi pansi pa nthaka idathandizira kuti ipangidwe. Mwanjira ina, ndi nthawi yolankhula izi mwatsatanetsatane.

Nyanja yolephera

Lake Kulephera ndi poyambira karst. Ili ku boma la Alekseevsky pafupi ndi mudzi wa Zoteevka. Kuyambira 1978, nkhokwezi zapatsidwa mwayi wokhala ngati chipilala cha chilengedwe. Nyanjayi ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. M'litali mwake mosungiramo ndi 75 m ndi kutalika kwa 60 m. Kuya kwake sikukula kupitirira mamita atatu. M'mbuyomu, kulephera kwa nyanja inali yakuzama kangapo.

National Park "Lower Kama"

National Park "Lower Kama" idapangidwa mu 1991 kuti isunge ndikupitiliza kuphunzira nkhalango ndi malo otetezedwa. Ili kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Tatarstan m'chigwa cha Kama ndi malo ake. Kusiyana kwa pakiyo ndikuti pali gawo limodzi la zigawo zitatu za nyengo. Chifukwa cha izi, "Lower Kama" imasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo komanso kuchuluka kwa nyama.

Zomera ndi nyama zochulukidwa pano zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Paki iyi yofunika kwambiri dziko lonse lapansi ndi malo osungirako zinthu zakale zachilengedwe. Malo okongola ndi nyimbo zachilengedwe zoyambirira zomwe zitha kuwoneka m'malo ano sizingasiye aliyense wopanda chidwi.

Pechishchinsky kunja

Gawo la Pechishchinsky geological linadziwika kuti linali loyamba mwa zachilengedwe ku Tatarstan. Kuphatikiza kwake ndi kufunikira kwake zili m'lingaliro loti zigawo zake zonse zimayimira madongosolo a nthawi inayake. Ma dolmites ofiira, oyera, amtundu wobiriwira amasinthidwa ndi dongo la bulauni ndipo amamuunjikira ndi ma jasi oyera. Zatsika la zaka mamiliyoni angapo zakubadwa zidayamba kuwoneka chifukwa cha "zoyeserera" za Volga, ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe zakudula kwa mwala.

Mtsinje wa Sheshma

Dzinali la mtsinje limatanthawuza "kasupe." Sheshma imayenda kudera la Tatarstan ndipo imakhudza gawo la Samara. Mtsinjewu ndi gawo lamanzere la Kama. Gwero la Sheshma lili pa Bugulma-Belebey Upland. Mtsinjewo umayenda mosungira madzi ku Kuibyshev. Ndi kukhala wolunjika kwambiri - mu Kama Bay. Kutalika kwa nkhokweyi ndi 259 km.

Mtsinjewo makamaka umakhala ndi chipale chofewa komanso pansi pamadzi. Sheshma amakhala ngati msewu wapaderalo. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhokweyi imachita gawo lalikulu kwa alimi kumeneko. Mtsinje ndi malo ofunika kwambiri opezeka ndi madzi, popanda izi kulima kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Monga estuary

Ichi ndi gawo la Tatarstan, chodabwitsa ndi kukongola kwake komanso malo ake odabwitsa, malo okhala oyera komanso otetezeka. Chokopa chapadera chapadera chimapezeka pakuwonekera kwa mitsinje iwiri yakutsogolo kwambiri ku Tatarstan - Volga ndi Kama. Kuphatikizidwanso kwa mitsinje kumakhala pano lachitatu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso malo akulu kwambiri a Kuibyshev pa Volga. Ulendo wopita ku Kama Estuary uli m'gulu la zokopa "zamtchire". Mutha kukafika kuphiri ndi phazi, kuyenda makilomita ochepa kuchokera kumudzi womwe uli ndi dzina lomweli, kapena kuyenda pagalimoto pamsewu wopita kumayiko ena.

Malo: Nail fotokto.ru, Elena Gordeeva Photocentra.ru

Nyanja zamtambo

Nyanja zamtambo zimatchedwa ngale weniweni, womwe wakula chikhalidwe cha ku Tatarstan. Pakati pa nkhalango yowirira pali unyolo wamadzi. Madzi mwaiwo ndi omveka, m'malo ambiri pansi akuwonekera. Nyanja zamtambo zadzitcha dzina chifukwa dongo lamtambo lobindikira pansi. Madzi amadyetsedwa kuchokera akasupe mobisa. Malowa ndi otchuka chaka chonse. Pali malo oimikapo magalimoto, matebulo, milatho, zipinda zokhotakhota ndi zinthu zina zazing'ono zosangalatsa zosangalatsa. Nyanja yayikulu ya buluu ndi malo omwe amakonda kusambira ndi mitundu yambiri yosambira nyengo yachisanu.

Zomera zaku Tatarstan

North Cis - taiga. Malo ena a Pre-Kama, dera la Pre-Volga, ndi kumpoto kwa Zakamye ndi larch. Dera lakumwera la Pre-Volga ndipo pafupifupi madera onse a Trans-Kama ndi nkhalango.

Palibe nkhalango zambiri ku Tatarstan - 18% yokha ya malowa ndi yokutidwa ndi nkhalango. Zipatso, linden, birch, aspen, paini, spruce - zimayimira nthumwi za maluwa.

Taiga ndi kumwera kwa taiga, subtaiga. Mtundu woyamba umayimiriridwa ndi singano, chachiwiri ndi chisakanizo cha larch ndi singano. Spruce ndi fir kumpoto kwa dera la Volga m'malo mwake ndimatayala otchedwa oak ndi linden, acutifolia ndi elm. Chingwe cham'munsi ndichopanda, mtengo woterera, zitsamba. Nthawi zina matumba a udzu wa oak, timabowo ta ferns timapangidwa.

Kum'mwera kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa malo obzala otambalala kumawonjezeka ndipo kuchuluka kwa nkhalango zachilengedwe kumachepa. Kummwera kumalandira alendo okhala ndi nkhalango-malo otentha, kutentha, nthenga, nthenga zazing'ono, zamiyendo.

Dziko lanyama ku Tatarstan

Muzu wa malingaliro ndi magawo onse pamakhala chidziwitso chakuti m'chigawo cha Tatarstan pamakhala kusintha kudzera mzere wa zoogeographic olekanitsa nkhalango ndi stepep. Chifukwa chake, nthumwi zambiri za zilombo zomwe zili ndi zigawo zonse ziwiri zamderali zimamva bwino kwambiri kuboma. Mitundu yoposa mazana anayi a zinyama ndi mitundu pafupifupi 27 ya mbalame ikuyimira nyama zaku Tatarstan.

Ankhandwe, nkhandwe, ma hedgehogs, mphalapala, zimbalangondo, ma lynxes, martens, mahele, zipilala, ma buluku oyera, agologolo, agalu, oyala, ma mbewa, ma muskrats, ma jerboas, ma sohogs, makoswe, ma mbewa Chitarstan

Mbalame zosamukasamuka, alendo osakhalitsa a republic, amakhala m'nyumba yabwino kwambiri yopezeka mdzikolo. Monga momwe zilili ndi nyama - apanso, nthumwi za nkhalango zonse ziwiri ndi zinzake palimodzi zikuyimira mbalame zaku Tatarstan. Mbendera zamatumbo atatu, agalu akuda, kambuku, mphutsi za kadzidzi, kadzidzi, kakhola, nkhuku zakuda, madera oyenda (imvi ndi zoyera), mabwalidwe, magombe (munda ndi nkhalango), nkhwangwa zam'madzi, "Volga", mitsinje yam'madzi, ma swes, atsekwe, abakha , abuluzi a peregrine, akambuku, ma buzzard, abuluzi, akuda, akhungu amtundu, chiwombankhanga chagolide, ma kites, ma swords a moor - awa ndi oimira gulu lonse la mbalame ku Tatarstan.

Lake Lake

Forest Lake ili pafupi ndi mudzi wa Bolshoye Kabany, womwe uli m'chigawo cha Laishevsky. Sungalo limachotsedwa pamalo awa pamtunda wa 6 km. Msewuwu umatha kufikiridwa kumapazi kapena pagalimoto.

Forest ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Kutalika kwa nyanjayo ndi 470 m.Ulifupi wake udzakhala wofanana ndi 100 mita. Chiwerengero chachikulu ndi 12 metres. Chiwerengero chambiri cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana chimakhala momwemo.

Malo osungirako ali ndi chiyambi cha karst-infusion. Amamadyetsa kwambiri pansi panthaka ndipo alibe ma draina. Madzi munyanjayo alibe mawonekedwe ndi fungo labwino. Nthawi yomweyo, mulingo wakuonekera pano ndiwokwera kwambiri. Pansi pamawoneka pakuya kwa mita imodzi ndi theka.

Nkhalango ndiye gwero lalikulu lamadzi kwa nyama zomwe zimakhala pafupi. Kuyambira 1978, nyanjayi yakhala ngati chosema cha chilengedwe motero amatetezedwa ndi malamulo.

Nyengo ku Tatarstan

Nyengo yotentha ya ku Tatarstan, yomwe ili kutali ndi nyanja / nyanja kumtunda, ndiyabwino kuyang'anira, chifukwa cha moyo wa munthu, maluwa / nyama. Zisanu ndi yozizira mokwanira, koma osati yovuta. Zimabwera kumapeto kwa Novembala. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi -16 madigiri m'nyengo yozizira. Kasupe amayambirira ndipo ndiotentha. Chilimwe chimakhala ndi chinyezi chokwera kwambiri (ngakhale chokulirapo kuposa masika). Kutentha kwapakati pa chilimwe ndi +20 digiri Celsius. Yophukira ndiyinso molawirira.

Nyengo ndiyabwino kwambiri ndipo pafupifupi sabweretsa zodabwitsa zazikulu. Ndipo izi zimathandizanso paulimi.

Mapiri a Elm

Pafupi ndi Zelenodolsk pagombe lamanja la Volga pali mapiri a Vyazovskie. Ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha kutalika kwawo kwakukulu, koma chifukwa cha maluwa ndi nyama zake zapadera. Kuphatikiza apo, malowa ndiwachidziwikire kuti malire a ma republic atatu atembenukira pano. Kuphatikiza ku Tatarstan, tikulankhula za Chuvashia ndi Mari-El.

Pokhala m'mapiri, mutha kuyendera chipilala china zachilengedwe. Iwo ndi otchedwa Mabomba a Sobakinsky, omwe ali nyanja zazing'ono za chiyambi cha karst. Malo okongola am'madzi a nyanjayi amakopa ndi kukongola kwawo. Zomera zapadera ndi mitengo yaying'ono ya birch imatha kukumbukiridwa mpaka kalekale. Kuphatikiza apo, malo okongola a gombe la Volga amatseguka kuchokera kumapiri.

Kuibyshev posungira

Ku Tatarstan kuli kuphatikizika kwa mitsinje iwiri yayikulu - Volga ndi Kama. Pambuyo pakupanga damu la malo opangira magetsi a Zhigulevskaya, imabisika ndi madzi osungira madzi a Kuibyshev.

Kutalika kwake ndi zoposa makilomita 500, gawo lakumpoto lili mdera la Tatarstan. Chifukwa chodzaza chitsime, nyanja yeniyeni yopangidwa ndi munthu idapangidwa - m'lifupi mwake pamadzi a pakamwa pa Kama afika makilomita 44.

Phiri la Chatyr-Tau

Ili ndiye malo okwera kwambiri ku Republic of Tatarstan okhala ndi malo okwanira mamitala 321.7 kuposa nyanja. Pa mapu ambiri, amadziwika kuti ndi mgawo, koma kwenikweni phiri ndi lomwe latsalira lomwe lidayenda chifukwa cha kukokoloka kwa malo ozungulira, osati chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka tectonic.

Dzina loti Chatyr-Tau limasuliridwa kuti "phiri-hema", ndipo izi ndizomveka - wotsatsa akuwoneka ngati hema wamkulu wobiriwira. Kuchokera pamwamba pa phiripo mutha kuwona malo ozungulira madera ozungulira, komanso madera okhala Bashkortostan oyandikana nawo. Mu 1972, gawo la phirilo ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo adakhala chipilala chachilengedwe, ndipo mu 1999 - malo osungira zachilengedwe.

Mphepete mwa Chatyr-Tau, gulu la steppe baibaks limakhala ndi maluwa a Red Book of Tatarstan amakula. Phirili ndilotchuka kwambiri pakati pa mafani a hang hangers and paraglider.

Volga-Kama Reserve

Zosungidwazo zimaphatikizapo imodzi mwa nkhalango zakale kwambiri kum'mawa kwa Europe (mitengo ya munthu aliyense imafika zaka 300), mitundu 2038 yazomera, 12 mwa izo zalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia, mitundu 2644 ya zinyama.

Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi chilengedwe imapezeka kuti ikacheze. Mu arboretum, womwe umayambira 1921, mutha kuwona mitundu 500 ya maluwa (omwe adalongosoletsedwa m'malo ena padziko lapansi).

Museum of Natural imapempha alendo kuti aphunzire zamaluwa ndi nyama za m'derali; nyama zoposa 50 zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa pano pazopangidwa zingapo zojambula ndi nyama.

Deralo mulinso nyumba ya amonke ya Raif komanso malo ena apadera omwe alendo amabwera kukaonera kanema pafupi ndi malo kapena kukaona gawo.

Dolgaya Polyana

Dolgaya Polyana Nature Park ikuphatikiza ndi mudzi womwewo wokhala ndi dzina lomwelo m'mphepete mwa Volga kumapiri a Tetyushsky.

Palinso nyumba ya banja lakwawo la Molostov. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XX, Count Molostov adabweretsa ku Dolgaya Polyana mitengo ndi zitsamba zapadera izizomwe zikukula ku County tsopano. Zitsanzo za mitundu yotereyi ndi Phrygian cornflower, steppe plum, Andrzheevsky clove.

Mitundu yambiri yamaluwa osungira nyama yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.Mtundu wokha udasungidwa mchaka cha 2000 chokha.

Kuphatikiza apo, "Long Glade" imaganiziridwa imodzi yamphamvu kwambiri madera aku republic. Ufologists ndi ma psychology nthawi zambiri amabwera kuno.

Malo opatsa chidwi panjirayo ndi magawo awiri paulendo wopita ku Volga. Pali kusokonezedwa mu zida zamakina ndi zama digito. Nthawi yomweyo, anthu omwe ali munkhokwe amamva bata modabwitsa, pakhala zochitika zina zochiritsa mabala komanso kupanikizika.

Lake-Kul Lake

Nyanja ya Kara-Kul m'chigawo cha Baltasinsky imatha kutchedwa Chitata Loch Ness. Nthano imalumikizidwa ndi chosungira, malinga ndi momwe njoka yayikulu imakhalira pano. Anthu amderali amatcha malowa "sugeze", zomwe zikutanthauza "ng'ombe yamadzi". Nthanozi zidasunganso chidziwitso chakutha kwa asaka chifukwa chokana anthu kuti apereke nsembe kwa mwini wake wa nyanjayo - njoka.

Mwambiri, dzina la nyanjayi litha kutanthauziridwa kuti "Black Lake". Zowonadi, madzi am'nyanjayi ndi amtundu wakuda (nyengo ya mitambo kuchokera m'malo ena pansi pa nkhalango yowuma, nyanjayo imawoneka yamtambo). Mwinanso izi zinapangitsa kuti anthu amderalo aganize za chimphona chiri padziwe. M'malo mwake, tint yakuda kupita kumadzi imaperekedwa ndi miyala ya karst kusungunuka mmenemo, komwe mabanki amapangidwira.

Tsopano Kara-Kul ali ndi vuto. Malo oyendera alendo ndi malo obwereketsera bwato amangidwa kuno, milatho ili m'mphepete mwa magombe. M'chilimwe, misonkhano ya alendo ndi zochitika zina nthawi zambiri zimakonzedwa pafupi ndi nyanja. Asodzi amakonda Kara-Kul chifukwa cha zachilengedwe - minnows, carp siliva ndi mitembo imapezeka pano.

Phanga la Yuryev

Ili ndi phanga lalikulu kwambiri m'dera la Volga - lomwe lili kumapiri a Bogorodsk. Ndi chipilala cha chilengedwe. Kufufuza koyamba kuphanga kunachitika mu 1953. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, zipilala zotsalazo zinaphwasula zotsalazo m'phanga.

Phanga ili ndimalo obowola (khomo), maholo akuluakulu awiri ndi mahoho atatu. Yoyamba - Rain Grotto - imadziwika chifukwa cha stalagmite yake yofiira mita theka. Lachiwiri - Red Grotto - ili ndi maonekedwe okongola pamakoma, chitsime komanso malo owongoka. Dzenje lachitatu ndi losatheka komanso lotsekedwa kwa alendo. Ndipo kwenikweni phanga lonse silikhala ndi maulendo opitilira muyeso, kutseguka kumatsegulidwa pano maulendo ocheka ndi zida zoyenera.

Zomera zaku Tatarstan

Pafupifupi 20% ya gawo la Tatarstan lakutidwa ndi nkhalango. Ma conifers opanga nkhalango ndi pine, fir, spruce, ndi deciduous - mitengo, mitengo yaapen, birch, mapu, linden.

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Mtengo wa Birch

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Fir

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Aspen

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Zambiri za hazel, birklest, rose rose, zitsamba zosiyanasiyana zimamera pano, ma fern ndi mosses amapezeka.

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Dogrose

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Kutayika

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Bereklest

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Mtchi-wopalasa m'nkhalangoyi ndi udzu wambiri, wamiyendo yopyapyala, nthenga. Dandelion ndi nettle, clover ndi mahatchi sorelo, nthula ndi yarrow, chamomile ndi clover amakula apa.

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Fescue

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Clover

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Dandelion

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Zitsanzo za mbewu za mu Buku Lofiira

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Ledum marsh

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Chomera chachikulu

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Mankhwala marshmallow

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Zinyama zaku Tatarstan

Pa gawo la ku Chitarstan pali makondo ndi sony, agologolo ndi mphalapala, zimbalangondo ndi ma setera, ma martens ndi hori, mapira ndi ma chipmunks, mzati ndi ziphuphu, nkhwangwa ndi ma mbewa, ma jerboas ndi muskrats, nkhandwe ndi ma hedgehogs.

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Hare

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Agologolo

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Ng'ombe, chiwombankhanga chagolide, akambuku, zibangiri, nkhwangwa, mbewe, buluzi wa mphungu, kapercaillie, kadzidzi wa kadzidzi, wakuda wakuda, buluzi wamagudumu, mikango yakuda, mikango ya peregrine ndi mitundu ina yambiri imawuluka m'nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango zamtchire. M'malo osungira nsomba zimapezeka. Awa ndi ma perch ndi pike, pike perch ndi bream, catfish ndi carp, carp wamba ndi crucian carp.

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Kite

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Seagull

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Lark

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Mitundu yocheperako komanso yomwe ili pangozi ya zinyama za republic ili motere:

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Barbel Koehler

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Kuti tisunge maluwa ndi nyama za ku Tatarstan, mapaki ndi zachilengedwe adakhazikitsidwa. Awa ndi Lower Kama Park ndi Volga-Kama Nature Reserve. Kuphatikiza pa izo, pali zinthu zina pomwe njira zoteteza zachilengedwe zimachitika pofuna kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinyama ndikuteteza mbewu kuti zisawonongeke.

Minerals ku Tatarstan

Chitarstan chimabisala kuchokera kwa alendo okaona malo omwe amapezeka mafuta ndi michere yambiri pansi penipeni pa dziko lapansi.

Thandizo lalikulu komanso lofunika kwambiri masiku ano ndi mafuta ndi mafuta ena. Malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa akatswiri azaka zam'madzi, pano ku Tatarstan amadziwika kuti pali minda yamafuta pafupifupi 130 ndi malo opitilira 3,000 a malo omwe angaikemo.

Pali magawo atatu akulu amafuta: Romashkinskoye, Bavlinskoye ndi Novoelkhovskoye. Zosungirako zotsalira nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa zazing'ono.

Mafuta akuyembekezeredwa kale matani 800 miliyoni, ndipo ma voliyumu omwe akuyembekezeka mtsogolo akuyenera kupitirira 1 biliyoni.

Ku Tatarstan kuli malo osungirako zinthu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zomanga monga gypsum, dolomites, miyala yamiyala, miyala komanso dongo.

Komanso pafupifupi madipoziti 110 amalasha adapezeka ku republic. Kuzama kwa ma depositi awa kukhoza kukhala mpaka 1500 metres. Palinso nkhokwe zam'mafuta, phula, mwala wa phosphate, peat ndi mkuwa.

Chifukwa chake, minda yonse yomwe ili pamwambapa ndi malo okongola a Tatarstan amachititsa kuti repulezidenti iyende bwino pantchito zachuma. Potengera ulemu ndi kutetezedwa, chikhalidwe cha ku Tatarstan chidzakondweretsedwa ndi mibadwo yambiri ya anthu aku Russia komanso alendo akunja.

Kulephera

Madzi apansi panthaka amathanso kukokoloka ndi kusungunula madongosolo azaka zakale. Ma gypsum osungunuka ndi mawonekedwe amiyala amtunduwu amasiyana maukada ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.

Ngati ali pafupi ndi pansi, amapika.

Mutha kumvetsetsa momwe chilengedwe cha Tatarstan chili chokongola poyang'ana pa zolephera zina zomwe zalembedwa pamndandanda wa zipilala zachilengedwe. Kulephera kwa Aktash, kumatchedwanso nyanja ya Aktash, popeza imadzaza ndimadzi, idapangidwa mu 1939. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ngati phata lamadzi, lakuya lomwe lili oposa 20 mita.

Madzi oyera, oyera, oyera bwino awonjezera mchere. Zomwe zili pansi panthaka sizilola kuti nyanjayi iume.

Mapanga

Ma voids, okutidwa kuchokera pamwamba ndi wosanjikiza madzi osanjikiza, amapanga mapanga.

Mapanga otchuka a Syukeyev pafupi ndi kamtsinje wa Kama, pagombe lamanja la Volga, satha masiku ano, chifukwa akusefukira ndi madzi osungira ngati Kama. Kapangidwe ka Syukeyevsih kanaphatikizaponso matako:

• Wopanda dzina.
• Serpentine.
• Otvay-Kamen (Vali-Kamen).
• Maiden-Madzi (Bolshaya Syukeyevskaya).
• Sukhaya (Malaya Syukeevskaya).
• Icy.
• Udachinskaya.

Tsoka ilo, kuthamanga kwa madzi kudatsogolera pakugwa kwa ambiri aiwo.

Pafupifupi ndi Syukeyevskys, m'mapanga ena mwatsegulidwa posachedwa: Yuryevskaya, Zinovievskaya, Bogorodskaya, Konnodolskaya. Mapako amtundu wa karst, okhawo omwe ali mphepete mwa Volga, ndi omwe amapezeka ndi alendo.

Zipilala zamadzi

Dongosolo lalikulu la mitsinje ya ku Tatarstan lili ndi mitsinje yaying'ono yoposa mazana asanu yomwe imayenda ikuluikulu - Volga ndi Kama.

Matupi amadzi ambiri adatengedwa ndikutetezedwa ndi boma, chifukwa kuyeretsa kwa mitsempha yayikulu ya Tatarstan kumadalira mkhalidwe wawo. Pakati pawo pali mitsinje yaying'ono 29, nyanja 33 ndi akasupe awiri.

Blue Lake - ngale ya ku Kazan

Alendo a likulu la republic amangokakamira kukaona zodabwitsa kwambiri zachilengedwe za ku Tatarstan - nyanja yamtambo. Ili pamtunda wamakilomita ochepa kuchokera ku Kazan, ndiye kuti pano palibe chilichonse. Wina amabwera kudzatunga mchere wamchere kuchokera kumagwero, wina amakonda kuyenda m'mbali mwa nyanjayi pakati pa mitengo yakale, ndipo wina akufuna kusambira m'madzi oyera.

Nyanjayi idatchedwa dzina chifukwa chamadzi oyera bwino, pomwe mumatha kuwona pansi pake, okutidwa ndi dongo lakuda. Chifukwa cha izi, zikuwoneka kuti kuya kwake sikokwanira kuposa mita. M'malo mwake, kuya kwake ndikokulirapo.

Kutentha kwamadzi mu nyanjayi sikukwera kuposa +6 madigiri ngakhale chilimwe. Gwero la kasupe wamadzi ndi chifukwa. "Walruses" ndipo anthu omwe adziwa kale zinthuzo amakonda kusambira munyanjayi, koma samalangizidwa kuti asakonzekere kusambira momwemo.

Kuyendetsa othamanga sikuthanso dziwe. Kupyola m'madzi oyera, ngakhale anthu ochepa kwambiri okhala mnyanjayi amawoneka bwino.

Kiyi yoyera

Gwero la "Holy Key" lili pafupi ndi mudzi wa Bilyar, m'nkhalango pafupi ndi Phiri la Khuzhalar Tava. Chiboliboli chachirengedwe ichi ku Tatarstan chinali ndi mbiri zaka zambiri. Chinsinsi chimalemekezedwa ndi a Chuvash, ndi Mari, ndi achi Russia, ndi a Chitata. M'zaka za 910 zapitazo, malo opembedzera achikunja anali pafupi nawo. Maulendo amakono, monga makolo akale, amakhulupirira mphamvu yakuchiritsa ya gwero ndipo amachita miyambo ina yazipembedzo yowazungulira.

"Kiyi yoyera" imachokera pamwamba pa phirili "Khuzhalar Tava." Pali chikumbutso cha nsangalabwi, chosonyeza umodzi wa anthu azikhulupiriro zonse.

Zipilala zovuta

Chidacho chimaphatikizapo zipilala, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo.

Chimodzi mwazo ndi malo osambira. Pali awiri mwa iwo republic.

Mtengo wa Ilyinsky, womwe uli mdera la Pre-Kama, ndiwodziwika chifukwa Lowland willow ndiyosowa kwambiri ku Tatarstan.

Kumbuyo kwa Kama kuli dambo la Tatahmetyevsky, pomwe squat birch imakula - moni kuchokera ku ayezi.

Dera la malo ophunzitsira ana ku Kazan State University limadziwika kuti ndi chipilala chamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Ndiwokhazikika kwambiri (wakale kwambiri zaka 100 zapitazo, mu 1916). Pa gawo la chipilala chachilengedwe ichi pali mitundu ingapo ya zomera ndi nyama zosowa zolembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.

Raifa Arboretum

Chipilala chopangidwa ndi mbiri yakale ku Tatarstan chimadziwika kuti ndicho chipilala chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ili mu Volga-Kama Reserve ndipo poyambilira idapangidwa ndi cholinga chosungira nkhalango zachilengedwe za pakati pa Volga.

Tsopano gawo la arboretum lili pafupifupi mahekitala 220. Iagawidwa m'magawo atatu:

Chipinda chomwe chimachokera kudera lililonse chimamera m'gawo lililonse.

Nyama zosiyanasiyana zimayendera arboretum: mavu, agologolo, agwape agwape, nkhandwe ngakhale mphalapala.

Ndikosavuta kulingalira momwe anthu okhala ku Tatarstan alili molemekeza dziko lawo. Tikadakhala kuti aliyense wokhala padzikoli angalemekeze ndikuteteza zachilengedwe potizungulira, sitikadadziwa kuti ndi tsoka kapena zachilengedwe zomwe zatsala ndi zomera ndi nyama.

Kukongola konse kwa chilengedwe cha Tatarstan sikungathe kufotokozedwa m'mawu kapena zithunzi. Kuti mumvetsetse momwe dzikoli lilili lolemera komanso lodabwitsa, muyenera kupita kumeneko!

Mdyerekezi

Ichi ndichimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za Yelabuga. Mabwinja a malo okhala ndi khoma m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Kama, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Elabuga. Poyambirira kunali malo othawirako amtundu wina wamderalo. Chipilala chapakona cha chotayika chija ndi cholembapo mwala wamiyala yokhala ndi denga lazitsulo mwakapangidwe kakang'ono. Chuma cha chikhalidwe cha Russia cha kufunika kwa feduro.

Dongosolo la Republic

Komwe kuli dziko la Republic of Tatarstan ndi gawo la kum'mawa kwa Europe. Dera lonse lili ma kilomita 800,000,000. Pagawo lonse la Russian Federation, izi ndi pafupifupi 0,4%.

Kuchokera mbali ziwiri za malire a Tataria:

• kumpoto - ndi dera la Kirov,
• kumpoto chakum'mawa - ndi Republic of Udmurtia,
• kummawa - rep. Baskortostan,
• kumwera chakum'mawa - dera la Orenburg,
• kumwera - dera la Samara.,
• kumwera chakumadzulo - dera la Ulyanovsk.,
• West - Chuvash Republic,
• kumpoto chakumadzulo - dziko la Mari El.

Dera la Tatarstan limatenga gawo 7% la Chigawo chonse cha Volga Federal. Likulu lake, Kazan, limangokhala 797 km kuchokera ku Moscow kulowera chakum'mawa.

Kufotokozera zamitundu yazachilengedwe

Tatarstan ili ndi magawo awiri achilengedwe. Ndiwotsika komanso nkhalango. Repubulusayokha imapezeka pamphepete mwa madera awiri. Likulu la Tatarstan, Kazan imadziwika kuti ndi nkhalango, yomwe ili kumpoto chakumadzulo.

Msonkhano umapezeka m'magawo atatu:

1. Pre-Volga - malo okhala ndi mapiri kumwera.
2. Zakamye ndi mdera lopondera lomwe lili kum'mwera chakum'mawa.
3. Trans-Volga kapena Ciscaucasia - dera la kumpoto kwa nkhalango.

Tatarstan ndi koyenera kuwaona ngati m'mphepete mwa madzi: pafupifupi mitsinje 3,000 ndi malo osungira amayenda m'gawo lake. Onsewa ali ndi kutalika kosiyana. Dzina lina la Tatarstan ndi "Dziko la Mitsinje 4", limalumikizidwa ndi msewu waukulu kwambiri kuposa iwo: Kama, Volga, Belaya ndi Vyatka.

Ngakhale kuti Tatarstan ili pakati pa magawo awiri achilengedwe, kukongola kwenikweni kungakhale kosangalatsa mu malo achilengedwe. Gawo lonse lakhala likusintha pazaka zambiri zokhudzana ndi zochita za anthu.

Mpumulo ndi dothi

Mpumulo wa m'derali ndi lathyathyathya, kum'mwera kokha kumene munthu angakumane ndi mapiri. Kapangidwe ka kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi kumawoneka kuti kamagunda ndi mitsinje. Masamba otsika kwambiri ndi omwe amapezeka m'chigwa cha Kama ndi Volga. Kutalika pamwamba pa nyanja ndiko pafupifupi 50-70 m.Malo osungidwa kwambiri ndi Chatr-Tau ridge. Otsika kwambiri ndi mulingo wa chosungira cha Kuibyshev. Pafupifupi 90% ya gawo lonselo lili pamwamba pa 200 m.

Ku Tataria, dothi la chernozem ndi sod-podzolic limapezeka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zipatso zabwino. Ntchito zaulimi m'gawo lonselo zikukula mwachangu, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake. Ngakhale munthuyu amayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakuthengo, chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mosachedwa kwa nkhalango zatsopano.

Khalidwe la nyengo yanyengo

Ku Tatarstan kuli nyengo yotentha. Amadziwika ndi chilimwe komanso nyengo yachisanu yozizira. Kutentha kwa Januwale kumafika mpaka -15 madigiri Celsius. Pa avareji, imakwera mpaka +25. Mvula yambiri pachaka ndiyosafunikira - pafupifupi 450-550 mm. Kuchulukitsa kumagwera nyengo yachilimwe. Chizindikiro ku Tatarstan ndichakuti nyengo nyengo zosiyanasiyana zake zimatha kusiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake zomera ndi nyama za m'derali ndi zolemera kwambiri.

Madera ozizira kwambiri ndi East Zakamye ndi Prekamye. M'magawo awa, munthu angayembekezere chisanu kuchokera Novembala, koma m'mwezi wa Epulo amasungunuka kwathunthu. Western Zakamye ndi dera louma komanso lotentha. Mkhalidwe wabwino wa nyengo ili pamphepete lamanja la Volga m'chigawo cha Pre-Volga. Ndiwofunda komanso lotentha.

Zomera wamba za ku Tatarstan

Monga momwe mbiri ya m'derali imanenera, kale dziko lonse la Tatarstan limakhala ndi nkhalango zowirira. Pang'onopang'ono adadulidwa, ndipo masiku ano madera amapanga 17% yokha ya gawo. Cholinga chodula chinali chitukuko cha ulimi ndi ulimi. Zipilala zachilengedwe zambiri komanso malo osungidwa amatetezedwa ndi boma, chifukwa zimadziwika ngati mbiri yakale.

Kudera la nkhalango ku Tatarstan kuli mitundu iwiri: nkhalango za oak ndi ma conifers amdima. Fir, pine ndi spruce zokha zimatha kumera pano.

Gawo lakumwera la gawo lake ndi la ziwembu zoponderezedwa. Zomera ndizomera zazikulu zosiyanasiyana. M'mbuyomu, dziko la republic lidatchuka chifukwa cha mitengo yake yokongola. Zomera zakuda komanso zachonde zinatsala pang'ono kutha chifukwa cha kudyetsa ziweto mwadongosolo. Tsopano masamba oyambira amapanga 10% yokha.

Dera lodziwika kwambiri ndi kumwera kwa taiga. Apa mutha kupeza zambiri zachilengedwe zobiriwira. Kum'mwera, nkhalango za oak ndizambiri, zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri ndi linden, elm, maple a ku Norway, spruce warty, ndi baka za hazel. M'malo omwe zitsamba zimamera pang'ono, ferns, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya udzu ndi mbewa zamaluwa zimakhala zambiri.

Lamba wopondera m'nkhalango ndi wolemera osati zitsamba zokha zokha, komanso zipatso ndi mankhwala azomera:

• mabulosi
• Ingokhalani kakombo wa chigwa,
• kalabu wowoneka ngati kalabu,
• Hypericum perforatum
• Saxifrage ntchafu,
• sitiroberi wamtchire,
• wosafa ndi mchenga,
• barberry wamba,
• marsh cranberries,
• mabuluni.

Madera ena amakhala ndi kotentha.Zitsamba ndi udzu wololera chilala m'malo ano. Kudera lonselo mutha kupeza mbewu zochulukirapo kuchokera ku Red Book. Mwathunthu, lamba wachilengedwe wa Chitata ali ndi mitundu 800 ya mbewu.

Fauna wa m'derali

Tataria ili pakati pa mapiri ndi nkhalango, motero idakhala mitundu yambiri ya zinyama ndi mbalame.

Mitengo ndi mitengo yopondera ili ndi mitundu yambiri ya nyama:

• marmots, jerboas ndi chipmunks,
• mimbulu, nkhandwe ndi mimbulu,
• martens, hedgehogs and ermines,
• ma otter amadzi ndi ma mink.

Mokwanira pali mitundu 400 ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma invertebrates ndi mamina ndi mitundu 300 ya mbalame.

M'gawo lachigawo mungathe kuwona:

• buluzi wa kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi,
• phala,
• mitengo yobisika,
• galu wamkulu ndi wakuda,
• khalimach

Kuphatikiza pa anthu wamba, zolengedwa zamakhwala ndi zam'madzi zimakhazikika m'derali.

Zotsogola:

• mbozi zakuda, mbewa ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide,
• chiwombankhanga chambiri
• Ma Yuviks ndi Falcons a Peregrine Falcons,
• zophera ndi njoka.

Nkhalango zachuma komanso mapiri a m'derali amatha kukhala ndi mbalame zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomweyo, chilichonse chamtunduwu chimakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira.

Oimira Waterfowl:

• tsekwe, bakha, bata,
• mtsinje
• kuyenda pansi, merganser,
• kuwala kosavuta kwamutu wakuda.

Oimira awa onse ndi zokongoletsera zowona zamtundu wa chigawo. Ziyenera kudziwika komanso chuma cha dziko lapansi chamadzi. Madzi akuya akungodzaza ndi anthu okhala m'madzi oyera:

• carp, catfish ndi pike,
• zilonda, zilonda zamkati,
• trout ndi zander.

Poyandikira kufupi ndi gombe, nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza ziphuphu, ruff, perch ndi roach.

Maso ndi Zipilala

Zosangalatsa zazikulu ku Tatarstan ndi malo ambiri osungirako, omwe okhala ku Tatarstan amanyadira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, alendo ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, kamodzi m'dziko lamatsenga lino, samadziwa kuti angayendere ndani koyamba.

Chikhalidwe cha republic chimafuna chitetezo chokhazikika. Kufikira izi, mapaki ambiri achilengedwe adapangidwa. Apa maluwa ndi nyama zozungulira nthawi zonse zimatetezedwa kuti zisathere. Mothandizidwa ndi madera oterewa, akatswiri amathandizira kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa nyama.

Pali zipilala zachilengedwe 138 m'dera la Tatarstan. Zinthu zapadera zopanda moyo komanso zachilengedwe zimakondweretsa sayansi. Mabungwe omwe madera awo amakhala ndi omwe amawateteza. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwateteza, chifukwa ndi amodzi okha omwe ali ndi mbiri yachitukuko cha Republic. Kuyambira giredi lachitatu, sukulu za republic zimaphunzitsira momwe angagwirizanirane bwino ndi dziko lomwe kwawo.

Republic of Tatarstan imasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu, zikhalidwe komanso kukoma kwapadera. Kuphatikiza kukongola ndi chifatso cha chilengedwe sizingathe kufotokozedwa mwachidule. Mtundu wa Tataria uyenera kutamandidwa, ngakhale kuwateteza.