Skunk ndi gulu la anyani. Sangakwere mitengo. Nyama izi zimangoyenda pansi zokha. Skunk imasiyanitsidwa ndi kayendedwe kake.

Kuti apange gawo lophiphiritsa, ayenera kuwerama kumbuyo kwake, kutenga mchira wake kumbali ndikupita kudumphira kwakanthawi. Miyendo inayi, motero, imadumphadumpha.

Akatswiri amagawa skunks m'mitundu inayi:
— Miloza yopindika. Kulemera kwake ndi 1.2-5.3 kg.
— Spotted skunk. Mtunduwu ndi wocheperako. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 0,2-1 kg.
— Nkhumba Skunk. Zachikuni zazikulu kwambiri. Kulemera kumafika 4.5 kg.
— Fungo skunk.

Skunk imadziwika chifukwa cha fungo lawo losasangalatsa. Kuchita koyamba kwa ana "fu skunk". M'makatuni, fungo lake limakokomeza. Gwero la kununkhira koteroko kuli pansi pa mchira wake. Gland yapadera imatulutsa madzi omwe amakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu.

Iyi ndi njira yachilendo yotitetezera ku zilombo zolusa. Moyang'anizana ndi zoopsa, nyamayo imatembenukira kumbuyo kwa mdani, imakweza mchira wake ndikugunditsa chisakanizo. Mtsinje wamadzi umalowa pamitunda ya 1-6. Fungo limapitilira kotero kuti chinthucho cholocha nacho chimatha kuyatsidwa bwino ndi zotulutsira mafuta.

Fungo la Skunk imatha kutulutsa mpweya wapadera. Chitetezo chake chimabwezeretsedwa mkati mwa masiku 10. Nthawi yonseyi alibe chitetezo. Nyama yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi skunk sidzabwerako, ndipo mtundu wake wowala umathandizira kuti uzikumbukira za ngoziyo.

Skunk ubweya kwambiri kuyamikiridwa. Koma fungo la ubweya ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe sichipezekapezeka pamsika. Mtundu wa adaniwa ndi wowala. Pa maziko akuda, mikwingwirima iwiri yoyera pambali kapena mawanga. Ndi mzere wina woyera pamizere pakati pa maso.

Mchira wake ndiwotupa komanso wautali ndi mikwaso yoyera ndi yakuda. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 17.3-30.7. Thupi la skunk ndilamphamvu. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tifupifupi, koma tili ndi zikhadabo zazikulu. Amuna ndi okulirapo 10% kuposa akazi. Kunja, nyama imawoneka bwino kwambiri, motero ambiri ali ndi nyumba zithunzi za skunk.

Skunk Habitat

Skunks amakhala makamaka pamalo owoneka bwino. Nyamayo imakonda kusachoka kumadzi am'madzi opitilira mita atatu. Dziko lakwawo limakhulupirira kuti ndi gawo la United States komanso kumwera kwa Canada.

Zinyama skunk simudzakumana ku Alaska ndi Hawaii. Nyamazi zimapezekanso m'maiko monga Mexico, Nicaragua ndi El Salvador, Argentina, Guatemala ndi Costa Rica, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru ndi Belize, Chile.

Nyamayo imatenga malo osaposa 1800 metres kuposa nyanja. Mitundu ina imakwera mpaka 4000 metres. Skunk amakhala mu nkhalango kapena madera, pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu.

Zitsamba, matanthwe ndi m'mphepete pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi malo omwe amakonda nyama. M'nyengo yozizira, nyamayo imabisala. Izi zisanachitike, amakonza nyumba yawo, akutola masamba ndi udzu wouma.

Malo ogona ayenera kukhala owuma komanso osasangalatsa ena. M'mwezi wa December, nyengo yozizira ikayamba, nsomba za minke zimagona. Nora nthawi zambiri skunk imasankhidwa kale ndi winawake. Dzenje la nkhandwe kapena kusowa kwa chinyontho chouma kumatha kukhala koyenera kukhala nyumba. Akazi amagona ndi ana, ndipo amuna mosiyana. Kuyandikana sikumalekerera. Nyama zimadzuka kumapeto kwa Marichi.

Ku Italy, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands ndi USA amasunga minke whale ngati chiweto. Koma m'maiko ena kunyumba skunk zosowa kwambiri. Lamuloli limateteza zinyama izi ku malonda osavomerezeka. Pomwe zimaloledwa, mutha kugula skunk m'malo osungira zinyama kapena m'mafamu a nyama momwe amachotsamo zonyansa zotulutsa.

Kusamalira nyama yotereyi ndikosavuta. Skunk ku Russia Ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa kulibe ana. Amachokera ku America. Koma kufuna kwawo kukhala ndi nyumba kumafikira ku Asia. Mutha kuyembekezera kuti mtsogolomo wina adzadzipereka kuti agulitse. Chithunzi cha Skunk ndipo eni ake amalankhula za kuphatikiza koyenera nyama izi kunyumba.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Nthawi yakukhwima imagwera mu kugwa. Amuna, umuna umapezeka m'mwezi wa Marichi, izi zitha kuwoneka m'miyeso yokulitsidwa. Pofika Seputembala, akuwonjezeka mpaka kukula kwakukulu. Skunk yakonzeka kukhwima. Mu Okutobala, kupanga umuna kumayima.

Mwa akazi, kutha msambo kumachitika chaka chimodzi pambuyo pobadwa. Madera amapezeka mu Seputembala, koma amunawo amaloledwa kupita kwa iwo koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Ma mitala amakula ndi akazi angapo. Posamalira ana samatenga gawo lililonse.

Kutalika kwa pakati ndi masiku 28-31. Mu zolengedwa zoyamwitsa izi, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuchedwetsa kuyamwa kwa mwana wosabadwayo kupita ku khoma la chiberekero kungachitike. Vutoli limatchedwa embryonic diapause. Zikatero, mimba imawonjezereka mpaka masiku 63.

Kuyambira 3 mpaka 10 cubs amawonekera mu zinyalala. Nthawi zambiri amakhala anthu 5-6. Ma skunk ang'onoang'ono amawonekera mu Marichi kapena Meyi. Makanda obadwa kumene amalemera 22,5 g. Amabadwa ogontha komanso khungu. Makanda, khungu limawoneka ngati velor zofewa. Mtunduwo ndi wofanana ndi wa akuluakulu achikulire.

Pakatha milungu iwiri, ana amadzayamba kuwona, ndipo pakatha milungu 4 amatha kudziteteza. Amatha kuwombera ndi madzi onunkhira kwa masiku 40-46. Yaikazi imadyetsa ana ake kwa milungu 6 kapena 7. Amayamba kudya okha pakatha miyezi iwiri. M'nyengo yozizira yoyamba banjali limakhala palimodzi, ma skunk otsatira akudzifunafuna malo ogona okha.

Skunk amakhala ali mu ukapolo mpaka zaka 10, koma m'chilengedwe izi ndizochepa kwambiri. Pazaka pafupifupi 3 zokha. Kusiyana kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa chakufa kwakukulu. Zoyambitsa zazikulu ndi matenda, njira zaulere ndi adani. Zimasakidwa ndi kadzidzi, zimbalangondo, nkhandwe, coyote, mbendera ndi ndudu. Pafupifupi 90% ya nyama zazing'ono sizidzatha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira yoyamba.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Skunk sadziwa kugwira mwachangu kapena kwakukulu nyama, chifukwa alibe luso lofunikira. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zake zimaphatikizapo makoswe ang'ono, abuluzi, achule. Zikachitika, amatha kulimbana ndi kalulu wosathandiza.

Zimadyedwa ndi zovunda. Chakudya chamafuta ndizosiyanasiyana. M'chilimwe, amatha kusangalala ndi zipatso ndi zipatso zamtchire, komanso mbewu ndi udzu. Zosankha zimadalira nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama, ndi isanayambike kutentha, masamba.

Kwenikweni, nyama yolusa imasaka usiku. Masomphenya ake amakhala ofooka ngakhale masana, kotero usiku amagwiritsa ntchito kumva ndi kununkhiza kwake. Skunk imakumba pansi ndi mphuno yake ndipo imakhazikika posaka tizilombo. Imatembenuza khungwa lakugwa ndi miyala posaka abuluzi.

Kwa ndodo zazing'ono, skunk imatambasulira, kudikirira, kenako ndikulumpha, ndikugwira nyama ndi mano ndi mano. Njira yofananira pakusaka ziwala ndi kafadala. Pamenepa ndi pomwe amakakamira tiziromboti pansi.

Nyama zina zimagudubuduzika pansi kuti zichotse, mwachitsanzo, khungu loyipa la chala kapena kuti muchotsere vick prickly. Pofuna kuti asagwire skunk, amadya nthawi yomweyo. M'magulu ake omwe, nthawi zina amagwira maopropuge. Nyama izi zimakonda kwambiri uchi. Koma akabwera mng'oma, azidzadya zonse ndi zisa za uchi ndi njuchi ndi uchi.

Kuluma kwa njuchi sikumupweteka, ndipo chovala chakuthwa, cholimba chimateteza kuluma. Mfundo yofooka ndi phokoso chabe. Mazira amakhalanso ake amtengo wapatali. Kuti athyole, skunk imawaponyera pansi pake, m'chiyembekezo kuti dzira lidzapunthwa pachinthu cholimba ndikuphwanya. Kunyumba kudyetsa skunk kusowa komanso galu.

Amafunikira chakudya chotere: osati zokometsera, osati mchere, osati wokoma, osati mafuta. Mutha kupatsa masamba ndi zipatso zonse mumenyu muyenera kukhala osachepera 50%. Kuchokera mumapuloteni amapereka nsomba yophika kapena nkhuku. Dzira, mpunga, mapira ndi mbewu zina zamagulu azakudya ziyenera kukhala zopezeka mosalekeza. Monga nyama zonse ma skunk amadya zinthu zachilengedwe zokha.

Zosungidwa zapoizoni. Paulimi, zimabweretsa zabwino, kudya makoswe ndi tizilombo zomwe zimapweteketsa mbewu. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimatha kudya kaloti kapena beets kuchokera m'mundamo.

Skunk

Ponena za skunk, ambiri amakwiya ndipo amalankhula mokweza mawu kuti: "Fuuu!" Inde Inde, skunk Idakhala yotchuka makamaka chifukwa cha kununkhira kwake, kotero nthawi zina dzina lake limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti lizitcha munthu yemwe samanunkhira bwino kwambiri. Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe a nyama yachilendoyi, kuyang'anira mayendedwe ake, kufotokoza chikhalidwe chake, chikhalidwe chawo chamadyedwe ndi malo olembetsedwa nthawi zonse skunk.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Skunk - nyama yolusa ya banja lomwelo la skunks. Posachedwa, ma skunks adawonedwa kuti ndi gawo la banja lofera chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ofanana akunja, koma asayansi adachita kafukufuku wambiri wama cell ndipo adawona kuti ma skunks ali pafupi ndi banja la panda kuposa banja la marten ndi raccoon, monga momwe amaganizira kale. Zotsatira zamaphunzirowa zinali zakuti ma skunk adagawanika kukhala banja logawanika.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Kodi skunk imawoneka bwanji?

Skunk mikwingwirima chofala kwambiri pabanja lonse la skunk, iyi ndi nyama yocheperako, koma mwamphamvu thupi. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi kuyambira 28 mpaka 38 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa mchirawo kumasiyana kuchokera 17 mpaka 30 cm. Malingaliro ndi afupiafupi, zibowo pa iwo ndizowongoka pang'ono, pamphumi zakutali, ndizofunikira kukumba mabowo. Makutu a skunk ndi afupi, olimba mokwanira, ndipo amazunguliridwa pamwamba. Chovala cha skunk ndi cha tsitsi lalitali kwambiri, koma ubweya wake ndi woyipa, mchira wake umasungunuka ndikuwoneka wolemera.

Mtundu wa nyama uli ndi mtundu wakuda ndi woyera. Chovala chakuda chakumaso chimakhala ndi timiyala tambiri tambiri tomwe timayambira kumutu ndikukutambuzira kumbuyo kumchira, komwe kukongola kwake kumakhala ndi tsitsi, lakuda ndi loyera.

Chosangalatsa: Amadziwika kuti kutalika ndi kupyapyala kwa mikwingwirima yoyera ndikosiyana kwa anthu osiyanasiyana amitambo yopingasa.

Skunk mexican zimasiyana ndi mtundu wapitalo m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, kulemera kwake sikufika kilogalamu imodzi ndipo kumayambira 800 mpaka 900 magalamu. Mtundu wa skunkwu uli ndi mitundu iwiri yosankha. Yoyamba mwa iyo ndi yofala kwambiri: kumtunda kwa nyamayo ndi koyera kokwanira, ndipo mbali zina zonse (pamimba, muzimu, miyendo) ndi zakuda. Mtundu wachiwiri wa mtundu, toni yakuda imakhala yayitali komanso mikwaso yoyera yochepa kwambiri yomwe imawoneka m'mbali, mkati mwa mchira, nthawi zambiri imakhalanso yoyera. Dziwani kuti ubweya wa nyama ndi wautali komanso wofowola kuposa wamtambo wamamba, ndipo kwa tsitsi lalitali m'khosi mwake amatchedwa "hood skunk".

Skunk yaying'ono yamawanga sichimasiyana pamiyeso yayikulu, imakhala ndi kutalika kwa 23 mpaka 35 cm, ndipo mchirawo umakhala ndi masentimita 11 mpaka 22. Pamtambo wakuda, cholocha cha mizere yoyera ndi zigzag nthawi zonse chimakhala chamunthu aliyense. Kukumana ndi nyama zokhala ndi utoto wofanana ndizosatheka. Nyamayo ikuwoneka yolusa, ndipo patali patali ndi utoto utoto wake umawoneka.

Skunk South America amatanthauza banja la nkhumba. Nyamayi imakhala yosangalatsa kukula, skunk iyi imatha kutalika 46 mpaka 90 cm, kulemera kwake kumachokera ku 2, 5 mpaka 4, 5 kg. Mchira wa nyamayo ndi yoyera yonse, ndipo thupi lake lakuda lilinso ndi mikwaso yoyera kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumchira, kokha palibe mawonekedwe oyera pamizu.

Zoipa zonunkha amatchedwanso telecred, ndi ya mtundu wa skunk wa zikwangwani zonunkhira, zomwe mpaka 1997 zidatchulidwa kuti kunim. Chotetemera chikufanana ndi choyipa wamba. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumachokera pa 37 mpaka 52 cm, ndipo unyinjiwo umachokera pa 1,3 mpaka 3,6 kg. Nyamayo imakhala ndi mchira waufupi kwambiri, pafupifupi masentimita anayi, ndipo tsitsi lakelo ndi lalitali. Kamvekedwe kakakulu ka thupi ndi lakuda, mikwingwirima yopepuka imatulukira mbali yakumbuyo.

Tsopano mukudziwa zonse za mtsinje womwe watulutsidwa ndi fungo la skunk. Tiwone komwe nyama yachilendoyi imakhala.

Kodi skunk amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Skunk m'chilengedwe

Pafupifupi ma skunks onse amakhala ku New World. Zingwe zopota zazitali zimakhazikika kumpoto kwa North America, ndikugawana malo kuchokera kumwera kwa Canada kupita kumpoto kwa dziko la Mexico. Ponena za United States, kumeneko ma skunk amatha kupezeka pafupifupi kulikonse, kupatula Hawaii ndi Alaska.

Ndikothekanso kuwona ma skunk okhala ndi mitengo (yokhala ndi nyanga) m'madera osiyanasiyana kuchokera kumwera kwa America mpaka malo a Argentina. Kwa ma skunk omwe amawoneka, malo ndi malo a Pennsylvania ndi Britain Columbia; magawidwe ake amafikira ku Costa Rica. Kunja kwa malire a America, ndi akakhanda onunkhira okha omwe amakhala; asankha zilumba za Indonesia.

Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zidanenedwa kale, ma skunks amatha kukumana m'malo:

Skunk amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, koma koposa zonse amakopeka ndi madera otsika pafupi ndi malo amadzi. Amakhazikika pamiyala, nthawi zambiri osapitirira 2 km kuchokera pamwamba pa nyanja, ngakhale kuti zoyerekeza zimawoneka zikukwera mpaka 4 km. Nyama sizidutsanso nkhalango, koma sizimakonda nkhwangwa, zimakonda nkhalango zowala. Skunk ndi mars sakukonda kwawo.

Chochititsa chidwi: Ma Skunki samakhala kutali ndi anthu ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mizinda ndi malo ena, kumene amafunafuna chakudya nthawi zonse papulasitiki ndi m'makola.

Kodi skunk amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Striped Skunk

Ma skunks, popanda kukayika, amatha kutchedwa kuti osapatsa chidwi, menyu awo amaphatikiza chakudya ndi nyama komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera. Musaiwale kuti nyama ndi zilombo zolusa.

Ma Skunks ali osangalala ndikuluma:

Nyamazo zimadya mosangalala ndi masamba ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana, chimanga, masamba, masamba a herbaceous, ndi mtedza. Osanyalanyaza skunk ndi carrion. Monga tanena kale, ma skunks omwe akukhala m'midzi ya anthu amadya zonyansa m'malo obisalamo ndi mabotolo zinyalala.

Skunks amaikidwa patsogolo kusaka nthawi yamadzulo, pogwiritsa ntchito makutu awo akumva komanso fungo lakuthwa. Atazindikira nyama yawo, mwachitsanzo, buluzi, amakumba pansi, amakankha miyala, kusangalatsa masamba agwa ndi mphuno zawo kuti agwire nyama. Makoko amiyendo akunga mano, zonsezi zimangodumpha. Ngati wogwidwayo ali ndi khungu loyipa kwambiri kapena pali minga, ndiye kuti ziweto zoyamba zimazigwetsa pansi. Amadziwika kuti ma skunks omwe amakhala muukapolo amakhala okulirapo kuposa achibale awo kuthengo, chifukwa Zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri.

Chosangalatsa: Skunks ndi dzino lokoma, amangopembedza uchi, kumudya mwachindunji ndi uchi ndi njuchi.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: American Skunk

Ma skunk amagwira ntchito tulo ndipo usiku, kenako mabowo awo amasankhidwa kuti apeze chakudya. Amadziwa kukumba mwangwiro, koma yesetsani kukhala ndi zotchinga za anthu ena kuti mukhale ndi moyo. Mitundu ina ya skunk imakwera bwino korona wamitengo, koma nyama zambiri sizingakwere mitengo, ndipo ma skunk onse amasambira bwino.

Nyama zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa kumpoto zimayamba kusunga mafuta mu nthawi yozizira kuti zitheke mosavuta, ngakhale kuti kubisala sikuchilendo kwa iwo, koma nyama nthawi yozizira imangokhala yozizira komanso yoopsa, osasiya malo ake m'masiku otentha. Nthawi yozizira imakhazikika mumagulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe amaphatikiza amphongo amodzi ndi akazi angapo.

Potuluka mu nyengo yawo yozizira, ma skunk amakonda kukhala okha. Kuzungulira kwa nyama izi sizachilendo, samayika malire pazigawo zamtunda. Malo odyetserako akazi amatha kukhala pafupifupi ma kilomita awiri kapena anayi, ndipo kwa abambo amatha kufikira makumi awiri.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Mosiyana ndi kununkhira bwino komanso kumva, chilengedwe sichinapatse ma skunk okhala ndi maso akuthwa, chifukwa chake satha kusiyanitsa china chilichonse kupatula chizindikiro cha mita atatu.

Ngati tizingolankhula za mtundu wa skunk, ndiye kuti ndizovomerezeka, zitha kutetezedwa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'maiko monga UK, Italy, USA, Germany, Netherlands. Nthawi zambiri, ma buluku owoneka ngati mikwingwirima amakhala ziweto zawo, mabowo awo amachotsedwa. Eni ake a nyama zosowa akutsimikizira kuti ma skunk ndiwosangalatsa kulumikizana ndipo ndi abwino kukonza nyumba, kukhala abwenzi enieni.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Skunk Cub

Ma Skunk amakhala okhwima akafika zaka chimodzi, ndipo nthawi yawo yaukwati imayamba m'mwezi woyamba wa masika kapena mwezi wa February ndipo imatha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri kapena itatu. Panthawi yovutayi, amuna amatha kukhala ankhanza ndikulimbana ndi omwe akupikisana nawo kuti akhale ndi mkazi wachikulire. Skunk imatha kutchedwa mitala; yamphongo imodzi imakhala ndi akazi angapo kuti ithe kukhwima. Wamphongo amatenga nawo umuna, samawonekeranso m'moyo wa ana ake.

Nthawi ya bere imatenga mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri. Yaikazi imabereka ana atatu kapena khumi, koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala asanu kapena asanu ndi mmodzi mwa iwo. Unyinji wa makanda ndi pafupifupi magalamu 23, pakubadwa ali akhungu ndi agonthi, khungu lawo limafanana ndi velvet wokhala ndi mtundu wofanana ndi wa abale okhwima.

Chosangalatsa: Kwa ma skunks, chodabwitsa monga embryonic diapause (chitukuko cha embryonic) chimadziwika. Mu nkhani iyi, mimba imatenga miyezi ingapo.

Pafupifupi milungu iwiri, ana agalu a skunk amatha kuwona, ndipo pafupifupi mwezi wathunthu amatha kuyimirira kuti adziteteze. Amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zawo zonunkhira ali ndi chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Amayi amasamalira ana kwa milungu pafupifupi isanu ndi iwiri. Amayamba kuphunzira kudya pawokha miyezi iwiri. Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu yoyamba kumachitika dzenje la mayiyo, ndipo chaka chamawa, achitsikana achichepere adzapeza chitetezo. M'malo ovuta, ma skunks amakhala pafupifupi zaka zitatu kapena zinayi, ndipo ambiri amatha kukhala mu ukapolo. Nyama zambiri zazing'ono zimafa mchaka choyamba cha moyo. Pali umboni kuti ndi anthu khumi okha mwa zana omwe amatha kuthana ndi nyengo yachisanu yoyamba.

Adani Achilengedwe a Skunk

Chithunzi: Zingwe zopindika

Pali chida champhamvu kwambiri pazida za skunk, koma sichimawopseza aliyense, motero amakhalanso ndi adani, ngakhale ali ambiri.

Mwa ena mwa omwe ali ndi zoopsa omwe angathe kulembedwa:

Skunk yaubweya ndiyosavuta ndipo yakhala ndi luso loteteza utoto. Poyamba, nyamayo imatulutsanso mochenjeza: imakweza mchira wake, imagwira malo ozungulira, ikapondaponda miyendo yake pansi, ndi kugwedeza mgonero, imatha kuyimirira kutsogolo kwake ndikupanga fanizo lonyansa. Kumbali imodzi, amachita zinthu mwaumunthu, kupatsa mdani mwayi woti abwerere osasamba mabafa. Ngati mdani aliuma ndipo akupitabe patsogolo, skunk kuchokera kuopseza amapita kukagwira ntchito, kudzuka pamphumi, kuwerama ndi kuwombera mfuti. Zinthu zamafuta skunk zimakwiyitsa kwambiri maso a mdani, nthawi zina zimapangitsa khungu kwakanthawi.

Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Mankhwala otchedwa butyl mercaptan amapezeka mu zotupa, zotulutsa, za skunk zomwe zimazungulira minofu, pomwe zimayenda ndikuwombera mabowo ang'onoang'ono angapo. Gawo laling'ono la fetid ndilokwanira kwa akatemera asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi, chinsinsi chonse chanunkhira chimadziunjikanso pakatha masiku awiri.

Zachidziwikire, nyama zodya nyama zambiri, zomwe zakhala zikumanapo kamodzi pa ndege ya skunk, sizidzabweranso nyama, kuzikumbukira mitundu yowala. Zikuyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti mbalamezi zimapulumutsidwa makamaka ndi fungo lamchere kwambiri, kotero zimapitilirabe kuukira. Mwa adani a skunk, munthu amathanso kukhala m'gulu la munthu yemwe amawononga nyama chifukwa cha kununkha kwawo. Ma skunks nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi nyama zomwe zimawetera nkhuku. Anthu amapha nyama chifukwa ma skunks nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda a chiwewe.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Little Skunk

Ma skunks anafalikira kwambiri kumadera a America, okhala ndi mitundu yambiri. Musaiwale za zikwangwani zonunkhira zomwe zimakhala ku Indonesia. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimawononga molakwika kukula kwa chiwerengero cha skunk. Choyamba, awa ndi anthu omwe amapha ma skunki mwadala chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwawo komanso kutengera kwawo matendawa ku matenda a chiwewe. Nthawi zina ma skunks amasakidwa kuti apeze ubweya wawo, womwe ndi wofunika kwambiri, koma osagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa fungo lake loipa ndilovuta kuchotsa, ndipo, nthawi zambiri, ndizosatheka.

Mwamuna amawononga ma ski komanso osachita mwanjira, kuwakakamiza kuti achoke kumalo komwe amakhala ndikuchita zochitika zawo. Nyama zambiri zimafa m'misewu ikuluikulu. Ma skunks nthawi zambiri amakhala onyamula matenda osiyanasiyana (histoplasmosis, matenda a chiwewe), chifukwa cha iwo omwe amavutika. Musaiwale kuti chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha imfa chitha kupezeka pakati pa nyama zazing'ono, zomwe pafupifupi khumi peresenti okha ndi omwe amapulumuka chaka choyamba cha moyo.

Modabwitsa, ngakhale pali zovuta zonse, ma skulk akadali ambiri, samakumana ndi kutha, ndipo nyama sizifunikira njira zapadera zotetezera, zomwe sizingakondwere koma kusangalala. Zikuwoneka kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa nyama zokondweretsazi sizimasamala posankha chakudya ndipo zimatha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zamtawuni. Osapeputsa mphamvu zida zawo zenizeni, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapulumutsa anthu ambiri okhala ndi skunk kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zadyera.

Pomaliza, ndikufuna kuwonjezera skunk Zimapindulitsa anthu pamadya osiyanasiyana okhala ndi makoswe ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komabe, amawoneka wokongola, wokongola komanso wolemekezeka mu mtundu wake wakuda ndi loyera, ndipo mchira wowoneka bwino, ngati fan, umangowonjezera kukongola ndi chithumwa. Chachikulu sichikuwopseza kapena kusokoneza mod ili kuti fungo lonunkhira bwino lisafike kumapeto.

Mawonekedwe a skunk

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 32-45, kwa kukula kwake ndikofunika kuwonjezera kutalika kwa mchira wa fluffy - 18-25 sentimita.

Akazi ndi ochepera 10% kuposa amuna. Kulemera kwamphongo kwa amuna ndi ma kilogalamu 3.6, ndipo zazikazi zimalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 2.7. Kukula kwa skunk kumafanana ndi kukula kwa mphaka wapakhomo.

Skunks amadziwika ndi ife ngati nyama zomwe zimatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa.

Matako a nyama amafupikitsa, zikhadabo zimakutira pang'ono. Zovala zamiyendo yakutsogolo ndizitali kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Makutu ndi ochepa, mawonekedwe awo ndi ozunguliridwa.

Khungu limakhala ndi ubweya wonenepa komanso wowuma. Zambiri mwa ubweya ndi zakuda. Khungu limakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yoyera yomwe imayamba kuchokera kumbuyo kwa mutu ndikutambasulira kumbuyo kwa mchira. Mikwingwiroyi ndi yotakata. Pamizere mulinso mzere Woyera, koma ndi wopapatiza. Kukula kwa zopindika za aliyense payekha. Mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera yasinthana ndi mchira.

Skunks imakhala ndi timinyewa tosanunkhira bwino pansi pa mchira womwe umatulutsa timadzi tambiri tokhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa kwambiri. Fungo ili limapitirira. Panthawi yamavuto, skunk amawaza mdani wake. Zoyenda nazo zimachita mantha ndi fungo lam'madzi lotereli chifukwa cha izi, ma skunk okhala ndi zingwe alibe adani.

Nthawi zina ma skunk amaba mazira am'madzi.

Khalidwe la Skunk komanso zakudya

Zingwe zopindika zimadya zakudya zam'mera ndi nyama: zipatso, masamba, udzu, mbewu, mtedza, masamba, mbewa, anapiye ndi mazira a mbalame. Komanso, zakudya zake zimaphatikizanso tizilombo tambiri komanso mphutsi zake. Kuphatikiza apo, ma skunks amadya carrion.

Nyama zimadyetsa nthawi yamadzulo komanso m'bandakucha. Zingwe zopindika zimakhala m'maenje omwe amadzimangira okha, koma amatha kukhala ndi mabowo a anthu ena. Malo awo okhala amapangidwanso pakati pa miyala ndi m'miyala yamiyala.

Mverani mawu a ma skunk

Amuna amakhala moyo wopanda wokha, ndipo akazi amatha kuyanjana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. M'dzinja, ma skunks amadya mafuta omwe amafunikira panthawi ya hibernation. Hibernation yozizira imakhala kuyambira Disembala mpaka Marichi. M'nyengo yozizira, amuna ena amayamba kukwawa.

Ma skunks amadyanso zakudya zam'mera.

Ubale ndi munthu

Ku USA, Italy, Great Britain, Germany ndi Netherlands, zolengedwa izi zimasungidwa ngati ziweto. Ku US ena akuti izi ndizoletsedwa ndi boma; ma skunks ogulitsa amakhala osowa kwambiri kumeneko, chifukwa chovuta ndi lamulo. Amagula zikuluzikulu zowoneka bwino pamafamu akuluakulu ndi m'malo okhala nyama.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Kufotokozera ndi zizolowezi

Zachilengedwe zimateteza mosamalitsa malo okhala nyama zina. Pazaka masauzande ambiri zomwe zimakhalapo, nyama zamtunduwu zimasinthasintha zochitika mderalo ndipo ndizabwino kwa iwo. Ku kontrakitala yaku America, palinso mitundu ingapo ya nyama yomwe imangokhala komweko komanso kwina kulikonse. Chimodzi mwa izi ndi skunk.

Ma skunks ndi otchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo: imawoneka ngati nyama yokongola kwambiri komanso yowoneka bwino yokhala ndi chovala chofewa chakuda ndi choyera komanso mchira wokongola, koma ngati atachita mantha, nthawi yomweyo amatulutsa chinsinsi cha fungo labwino lomwe limapezeka m'matumbo a anal pansi pa mchira ndikutembenuza wowukira kukhala stampede. Kuthengo, kutchera kwachilendo kwa nyama yaikazi ndi chizindikiro kwa olusa ndi adani achilengedwe, komabe, ngati kumuopseza koteroko sikokwanira ndipo kupopera chinsinsi kumawoneka pang'ono, skunk imagwiritsa ntchito zikhadabo zake zakuthwa, zolimba zobisika zamiyendo yogwetsedwa mwamphamvu, miyendo yolimba.

Zazikulu kwambiri ndizo skunk-skunks, zolemera zawo zimafika 4-5 kg. Zochepetsetsa kwambiri zimawonedwa kuyambira 200 g mpaka 1 kg. Zofala kwambiri ndizovala zam'mizere ndi Mexico. Izi ndi nyama zazikulu komanso zazitali, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mpaka 40. Komanso, mchira wawo ndi 20-30 cm.Ulemu wawo umachokera ku 1.5 mpaka 5 kg.

Pazithunzi za ma skunks ndi zikhadabo zazikulu zopindika, zomwe zimatha kukumba pansi mosavuta.

Ali ndi ubweya wautali, wandiweyani komanso wolimba. Pali zingwe zoyera kumbuyo kuyambira mutu mpaka mchira. Ma skunk ali ndi tiziwalo pansi pa mchira womwe umatulutsa timadzi tomwe timakhala ndi fungo loipa. Ichi ndi chida chake. Pamene skunk ili pachiwopsezo, amatembenukira kumbuyo kwa mdani, ndikuwukitsa mchira wake ndikuwutulutsa ndendende madzi onunkhirawa mpaka 3 m ndendende pa chandamale. Madzi akayamba kulowa m'maso mwanu, mdani amatha khungu kwakanthawi, ndipo fungo lamadzimadzi limapitilira kotero kuti silingachotse kwa masiku angapo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma skunk alibe konse adani. Ngakhale imatha kukhala chiphokoso cha coyote kapena cougar.

Kodi amakhala kuti?

Skunk amakhala pafupifupi ku North America kuchokera ku Canada kupita ku Mexico. Amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango, amakonda malo omwe anthu amapanga. Ma skunk ndi ochulukirapo, amagwira timiyala tating'ono, nsomba, kuwononga zisa, ndipo nthawi zina samanyoza kunyongedwa. Koma amatha kudya udzu, masamba, zipatso zilizonse ndi mtedza. Amakhala ndi moyo wausiku. Mwachilengedwe, ma skunks sakhala nthawi yayitali, zaka 2-3.

Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino, ma skunk amakumba miyambo ndi maenje, amatha kukhazikika kale, atathamangitsa mwamunayo kale ndi mtundu wake, ngati, atagwirizana naye mwamphamvu komanso kukula kwake. Amakwera mitengo mosalakwitsa. M'nyengo yotentha ndi yophukira, ma skunks amalimbikira kusunga mafuta osungirako ambiri, ndipo nthawi yozizira amayesa kuthera nthawi yayitali m'makola, kukhala otakataka pokhapokha pobwera kutulutsa dzuwa koyamba. Kwa nthawi yozizira, nyamazo zimapita m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndi mabanja, kuphatikiza champhongo, chachikazi ndi ana angapo, kapena wamwamuna m'modzi ndi akazi angapo.

Ma Skunks ali ndi vuto loona kwambiri, lopitilira mamitala atatu kapena asanu nyamayo sitha kuwona chilichonse, koma imakhala ndi fungo labwino komanso kumva. Ma Skunki amakonda kupeza chakudya ndikusaka usiku;

Ma skunk ndi onyozeka pachakudya, zakudya zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku zimaphatikizapo mizu yosiyanasiyana, zipatso ndi zitsamba, tizilombo, michere yaying'ono, mazira a mbalame, impso, mtedza, ndipo osanyalanyaza zotsalira za chakudya chamunthu. Pofufuza zokolekera zotheka ndizouma khosi komanso zopanda chipongwe: zimang'amba dziko lapansi, kumwaza masamba ndi zidutswa zovunda, kumayendayenda kunja kwa mizindayo, kutulutsa zimbudzi ndi zotayira.

Nyama izi zilibe adani achilengedwe - skunk siivuta kudya, chifukwa choteteza kwachilengedwe. Ngakhale zimbalangondo zoopsa zimachita mantha kuti zikhale ndi skunk ndipo zimakonda kuyendayenda chilombo chokhala ndi ubweya, chomwe chimangokweza pang'ono mchira wake ndikudina mano ake okhala ngati lumo. Pali nthawi zina zomwe ma skunks adagwirapo nkhandwe, nkhanu zazikulu ndi mikango, koma ndizosowa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri ma skunk amasakidwa ndi mbalame zodya nyama, zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa cha kununkhira kofoka.

Mu nyengo yakukhwima, yamphongo ya skunk imatha kutola gulu la akazi angapo; kumapeto kwa chaka, skunks, nthawi zambiri, amakhala osakwatiwa ndipo samakondana kwambiri, ngakhale wina ndi mnzake. Masewera olimbitsa thupi amayambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndipo pakati pa chilimwe, atakhala ndi pakati, mkazi amabereka ana: kuchokera pa ana asanu ndi mmodzi mpaka khumi. Ana obadwa kumene amabadwa ali khungu ndipo amadalira kwambiri amayi awo, chifukwa kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka amadya mkaka wokha, ndipo milungu iwiri atabadwa, maso awo amayamba kutseguka pang'ono. Ana amakula msanga, amakula ndi kulimba, ndipo miyezi isanu ndi inayi amatha kuyambitsa "kununkhira" kwakukulu pakusokoneza mtendere wawo.

Ana a Skunk amakhala ndi amayi awo kwa miyezi pafupifupi iwiri kuchokera pamene maso awatseguka. Amamutsatira mosasamala, kuphunzira kuti apeze zofunika pamoyo ndikudziteteza kwa adani.

Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi

Ma Skunks amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu - nkhalango zonse ndi malo otseguka, kuphatikiza zipululu, pomwe samapewa kuyandikira kwa anthu. Kuchulukana kwakakulu kwambiri kwa mikwingwirima komwe kunalembedwa pa malo olimapo (13 skunks pa 259 ha). Izi ndi nyama zokhazokha, pokhapokha nthawi yomwe akazi azisala pomwe amatha kukhala magulu aanthu angapo. Ma skunki amapita kukasaka madzulo kapena usiku. Zimasambira bwino, koma kukwera mitengo bwino.

Zingwe zopota ndizopatsa chidwi, koma mpaka 70% yazakudya zawo ndi tizilombo. Kuphatikiza apo, ma skunks amadya nyama zazing'ono (ma voles, hamsters, akalulu), mazira a mbalame ndi anapiye, nsomba, zodzala ndi chakudya chochuluka chomera - udzu, masamba, masamba, zipatso, njere ndi mtedza, komanso zovunda.

Mukugwa, ma skunks amadya ndikukhala mafuta kwambiri. Kumpoto kwa mzere, iwo amabisala nthawi yachisanu. Chakumapeto kwa Okutobala - kumayambiriro kwa Novembala, skunk imayamba kutolera (udzu wouma ndi masamba) nthawi yachisanu, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa Disembala imagona. Malo othawirako a skunk nthawi yachisanu amakhala malo obisika komanso malo aliwonse owuma. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mbuto ina ya nyama yaying'ono, nthawi zambiri amadzikumba okha. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala m'misamba yozizira m'magulu a anthu 6 ndi ana amphongo, nthawi zina amuna amkhalapakati amakhala nawo, koma nthawi zambiri amuna amakhala m'misasa yosiyana. Wamphongo ndi ana amuna nthawi zambiri samadzuka kumapeto kwa Marichi, koma amuna achikulire amakhala olimba nthawi yozizira.

Skunk ili ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe, nthawi zina imakhala nyama ya mphaka, coyote kapena galu. Ngati yasokonekera ndi skunk skunk, siimathawa, koma monga chenjezo imawonetsa chitetezero chodzitchinjiriza: ndi kayendedwe kowongoka, imakoka kumbuyo kwake, ndikukweza ndi kutulutsa mchira wake, ndikumenyetsa mano ake mokweza. Nthawi zambiri, mdani amabwerera kumbuyo, koma ngati sichoncho, skunk imatembenukira mdaniyo, imaponyera mchira wake kumbuyo ndikuwaza chinsinsi cha tinsempha tating'onoting'ono m'malomo mothandizidwa ndi sphincter, kugunda molondola chandamale (nthawi zambiri pamutu) kuchokera patali mamita 2-3. Chinsinsi chake chimanunkhira mosasamala ndipo chimadyanso kwambiri: kulowa mucous nembanemba wamaso kumayambitsa kukwiya koopsa ndi khungu kwakanthawi. Zotsatira zake, wolusa wopanda chiyembekezoyo kwa maola angapo akuyesera kuyeretsa maso ake, mphuno ndi pakamwa, ndipo fungo loipali limasungidwa m'chovala chake kwa milungu ingapo. Kugwira kotetezedwa koteroko ndikokwera kwambiri, ndipo zolengedwa zomwe zimakonda kudya sizimakonda kusaka skunk. Adani akuluakulu a skunks ndi mbalame za nkhanu - Virginian kadzidzi (Bubo virginianus) buzzard wofiyira (Buteo jamaicensis) .

Zophatikizidwa, nyama izi zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe osangalala komanso ochezeka.

Kodi ma skunki amakhala kuti?

Ma skunks ndiofala ku North, Central ndi South America, sakhala kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Canada.Nyamazo zimakhala m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi miyala ndipo m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Ma Skunks amakhalanso omasuka kumizinda komanso kuzungulira, chifukwa nthawi zonse mumatha kupeza chakudya ndi pogona. Masana, mbendera zam'mizinda zimakhala m'mapaipi ndi pansi pazinyumba, ndipo usiku zimataya zitini ndi zinyalala.

Mitundu ndi zithunzi za skunks

Mwa kapangidwe kake, skunks imakhala malo apakatikati pakati pa badger ndi minyewa. Thupi limakhala lolimba, miyendo ndi yochepa komanso nsapato zazitali, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyama pochotsa zakudya komanso pomanga zingwe.

Mu chithunzichi, skunks pafupi ndi bowo.

Kutalika kwa skunks kuli pafupifupi 35-43 cm, kuphatikiza mchira wa fluffy 17-30 cm.

Nyama zonse ndizopakidwa zakuda ndi zoyera, pomwe mitunduyi imatha kusiyanasiyana osati mitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso mwa anthu amtundu womwewo.

Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, pali mitundu 10-13 ya ma skunk padziko lapansi.

Miloza yopindika

Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) ndi membala wambiri pabanja. Amakhala kumwera kwa Canada, pakati komanso kumpoto kwa United States, kumpoto kwa Mexico. Nthawi zambiri, skunk yomwe imakhala mizere imakhazikika m'matawuni ndi m'mizinda. Kukhazikitsa zimbudzi m'makamangamo nyumba ndi zipinda zanyumba. Mtundu wa malaya ndi wakuda wokhala ndi timiyala yoyera kumbuyo, pamutu pali malo oyera ndi mzere woyera.

Skunk waku Mexico

Mexico skunk (Mephitis macroura) ndiwocheperako kwambiri kuposa skunk zonse. Imapezeka kumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States, imakhala m'miyala ndi m'mapululu. Ubweya ukhoza kukhala wakuda ndi msana woyera koyera kwathunthu, wakuda wokhala ndi mikwendo iwiri yopyapyala mbali zonse zammbuyo, kapena kuphatikiza mitundu yoyambirira ndi yachiwiri.

Malo Ogawika

Mtundu wa Spilogale uphatikiza mitundu itatu:

• skunk yaying'ono (S. Gracilis). Kugawidwa kuchokera pakati pa US kupita kum'mawa kwa Mexico,
• owoneka skunk S.Putorius. Amakhala kumwera chakum'mawa ndi pakati ku US kupita ku Mexico,
• amtali skunk (S. pugmea). Amakhala kumadzulo komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Mexico.

Pa chithunzi pansipa, skunk yaying'ono (S. Gracilis).

Ma skunk onse owoneka bwino ndi achule abwino. Amakonza malo okhala m'miyala, m'maenje, komanso m'makomo a nyumba. Chovala chimakhala chofewa kuposa mitundu ina. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera kapena mapiri.

Nkhumba Skunks

Mitundu Conepatus imaphatikiza mitundu isanu:

• nkhumba skunk C.mesoleucus. Imapezeka kumwera kwa USA ndi ku Nicaragua,
• Skunk C.leuconotus wa ku Mexico. Miyoyo ku Texas ndi Mexico
• theka-skunk C.semistriatus skunk. Amakhala kumwera kwa Mexico, kumpoto kwa Peru, ku Brazil,
• Skunk C.chinga waku South America. Miyoyo ku Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru, Paraguay,
• Humboldt Skunk C.humboldii. Imapezeka ku Chile ndi Argentina.

Nkhumba-skunks nthawi zambiri zimakonda malo owuma, malo okhala m'misasa amakhala mkati mwa miyala. Chovalacho ndi chakuda, ndi chingwe choyera chakumbuyo kumbuyo, mchirawo ndi woyera. Palibe mzere Woyera pamutu. Mphuno ndi yotakata komanso yopanda kanthu, yosakumbukira za nkhumba.

Skunk Soni - Chiyenda Chida Cha Chemical

Fungo lakuthengo, lonyansa lomwe limatulutsidwa ndi skunks limakwiyitsa ngakhale mphuno yaying'ono kwambiri ya munthu. Koma kwa nyama zomwe - iyi ndi chida choopsa polimbana ndi adani, chitsimikizo cha chitetezo chawo.

Skunks ndi amodzi mwa nyama zochepa zomwe zimatetezedwa ndi mankhwala. Choyamba, skunk imachenjeza mdani: amatenga malo owopseza, akukweza mchira wake, ndikukhazikika pamapazi ake, ndikumveka, amawuka kutsogolo kwake ndikuwatsanziranso "kuwombera" zabodza, mwachitsanzo. imapatsa mdani mwayi uliwonse kuti asatenge madzi osamba kuchokera ku fungo lonunkhira. Ngati izi sizigwira ntchito ndipo mdaniyo akupitilizabe kukwiya, nyamayo imadzuka m'miyendo yake yakutsogolo, imagwada kumbuyo kwake ndi arc ndikukhomera mtsinje wakupha kudzera m'mutu kwa mdani, ikungogunda chandamale kuchokera kumtunda wa mamita atatu. Chifukwa cha kulumikizaku, skunk sanasiyire kumbuyo owukira. Mafuta amadzimadzi amachititsa kukwiya kwamaso mwa okhudzidwayo, ndipo ndikalumikizana ndi maso, ngakhale khungu losakhalitsa limatha.

Butyl mercaptan ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazida zopangira skunk. Imadziunjikira m'mimba ziwiri zomwe zimapezeka kumbali zonse za anus. Tizilomboti timazunguliridwa ndi minofu yomwe imawombera chinsinsi kudutsa timabowo tiwiri. Mafuta onunkhira omwe amapezeka m'matumbo amtundu wa akatemera wa 5-6, kuchuluka kwake kumachitika pakatha masiku awiri.

Kodi ma skunk amakhala bwanji kuthengo?

Ngakhale kuti ma skunks amatha kukumba pansi mwangwiro, zopota nthawi zambiri zimasankha alendo.

Pamakola, nyama zimapuma, zimapulumuka nthawi yozizira, kubereka ana aamuna ndikuzikweza. Ma skunk amagwira ntchito mumdima, amasankhidwa pamabowo awo pakayamba kuda.

Anthu onse pabanja ndi mbewa zabwino. Momwe amadya ndi makoswe ndi tizilombo, ndipo zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi mphutsi ndi mphutsi zomwe zimakhala m'nthaka. Nthawi zambiri, skunks ndi omnivores. Amadya nsomba, nyama zazing'ono, mazira a mbalame, zipatso, njere. Nthawi zina, sataya achule, salamanders, njoka, ngakhale zovunda ndi zinyalala. Amapeza nyama mwa phokoso kapena fungo, chifukwa simungathe kudalira masomphenyawo - sanapangidwe bwino. Kuti apulumuke nthawi yozizira ndikupitilizabe kuthamanga mchaka, pakugwa, skunk iyenera kuwirikiza kawiri.

Ma Skunks amakonda kukhala okha kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kumpoto kokha pomwe magulu a anthu 20 amatha nthawi yozizira kumayambira wamba. Nthawi zambiri gulu limakhala laimuna wamkulu komanso akazi angapo. Nyamazo zimagona pafupifupi miyezi 4. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, "maukwati" amayamba, ndipo atakwatirana, nyamazo zimangokhala kwayekha.

Ma skunks ndiwodziwika bwino: mu litala limodzi mumatha kukhala ndi ana khumi. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse, ana amabwera mu Epulo-Meyi, mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti, ana a nkhandawo amakhala ndi amayi awo, kenako ndikupitilira moyo wodziimira pawokha. Amuna samasamala za ana, koma zimachitika kuti amapha ana.

Kwa chaka chathunthu, mzimayi aliyense amakhala ndi gawo limodzi la 2,5 km2 kukula, lomwe limadutsana kwambiri ndi ziwembu za akazi ena. Ziwembu zazimuna zimafika pamtunda woposa 20 km2 komanso kudutsa.

Ma skunk ndionyamula matenda a chiwewe. Nthawi zambiri amakonza malo osungira nyengo yachisanu pafupi ndi nyumba za pafamu, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotetezedwa ndi nyama zapakhomo. Ndi chifukwa choopseza matenda omwe akupha ku US ambiri akuti lamuloli limaletsa kusunga zigamba kunyumba.

Agalu, nkhandwe, mbendera, coyotes ndi kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga nthawi zambiri siziika pachiwopsezo pakuukira skunks poopa kuukira kwa mankhwala. Komabe, akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa chakuwombera ndi poyizoni ndi ziphe kuchokera m'manja mwa anthu, mpaka 50% ya nyama zonse zobadwa zimafa chaka chilichonse. Ambiri a iwo amafera pansi pa magudumu a magalimoto. Gawo laling'ono kwambiri la masenki m'chilengedwe limakhala mpaka zaka zitatu.

Mitundu ya Skunks

Ma skunks ndi ofanana mu dongosolo la ma badger ndi choo chankhondo. Amakhalanso ndi thupi lowonda komanso miyendo yayifupi. Ponseponse, pafupifupi mitundu 13 ya ma skunk ndi osiyana.

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Ganizirani mitundu yotchuka:

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Spotted skunk

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Mtunduwu umaphatikiza mitundu ina 3: skunk yaying'ono, yowoneka skunk ndi skunk yocheperako. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi malo awo okhala. Ma skunk ang'ono adafalikira kuyambira pakati pa USA mpaka kum'mawa kwa Mexico. Ma skunks omwe anali ndi malo ambiri kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi pakati pa United States. Ma dwarf skunks amakhala kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Mexico. Mitundu yonseyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthekera kwawo kukwera mitengo. Adakhazikitsa mabisala ake pakati pa miyala, m'maenje ndi pansi. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi ubweya wofewa ndi mtundu wakuda wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera ndi madontho.

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Mafotokozedwe ambiri

Ma skunki amapatsidwa mtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtoto wakuda pamtambo wakuda. Pali zosiyana pang'ono kutengera mtundu womwe umafunsidwa. Njira yodziwikirayi imakhala yoteteza kwa iwo.

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Mwakukula kwawo, ma skunk amatha kutalika kuchokera pa sentimita 17 mpaka 30 kutalika kwa thupi ndi kulemera mulingo wa kilogalamu 0,2 mpaka 1, kupatula ma brown-skunk skunks.

Chochititsa chidwi chodziwika bwino cha nthumwi zoterezi ndi zonunkhira za kununkhira, zomwe zimapanga ndipo zimapangitsa fungo losasangalatsa. Amatha kubaya madzi amtunda mpaka 6 metres.

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Ma skunk onse amakhala ndi thupi lolimba komanso mchira wofewa kwambiri. Miyendo ndiyifupi komanso yopangidwa bwino. Pamapeto pamakhala zibowo zakuthwa zomwe zimathandiza kukumba pansi kuti ntchito yomanga mabowo.

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Kubala nyengo

Yophukira mu skunks ndiye chizindikiro cha nthawi yakuyamba kubereka. Izi zimayamba mu Seputembara. Akazi amakhala okhwima akafika zaka chimodzi. Nyamazo zimadziwikanso ndi mitala. Amuna amodzi amatha kuwerengera akazi angapo. Kuphatikiza apo, champhongo sichichita nawo maphunziro a ana.

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Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 31. Akazi amadziwika ndi embryonic diapause, pakakhala kuchedwa pakuphatikizidwa kwa mluza kupita kumakoma. Zikatero, mimba imatenga miyezi iwiri. Monga lamulo, kuyambira 3 mpaka 10 skunk zazing'ono zimabadwa, zomwe zimalemera magalamu 22 okha. Amawoneka akhungu ndi ogontha. Amatha kupenyetsetsa patangopita milungu yochepa. Akakwanitsa mwezi umodzi, amayamba kuwombera ndi madzi ake onunkhira. Kwa miyezi iwiri, zazikazi zimadyetsa ana awo, pambuyo pake amaphunzira chakudya chawochokha. Yaikazi imakhala nthawi yachisanu yoyamba ndi ana. Pambuyo pake amakhala okonzekera moyo wodziyimira pawokha ndipo amatha kuchoka ku gawo la amayi awo.

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Adani

Skunks sachita nawo gawo la nyama zina chifukwa chokhoza kupanga chinsinsi chonunkhira chomwe chimawopseza adani ambiri. Komabe, nyama zolusa monga lynx, nkhandwe, coyote, ndi kanyimbi zimatha kulimbana ndi ma skunk ofooka.

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Pakakhala zoopsa, skunk amachenjeza omutsutsa, kutenga malo owopseza, kukweza mchira wake ndi kupondaponda mapazi ake. Ngati chiweto choopsa sichichokapo, ndiye kuti chimayamba kulira, kuyimirira m'chiuno mwake ndikuyimbanso. Chifukwa chake, nyamayi imapatsa nyama zodya zilombo mwayi kupewa mimbulu. Ngati izi sizikugwira, ndiye kuti skunk imagwira msana wake ndikuwaza chinsinsi chake chofungoza pamutu kwa chinyama choopsa. Ngati wamizidwa, mankhwalawa angayambitse khungu kwakanthawi.

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Kapangidwe kazinthu zovulaza kamakhala ndi butyl mercaptan. Imadziunjikira kwa nthawi yayitali m'magazi a anus. Monga lamulo, madzi awa ndi okwanira kuwombera 6. Kukonzanso kudzatenga masiku ena angapo.

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Kuphatikiza apo, ma skunks ndiye onyamula kwambiri matenda ambiri ndi majeremusi. Makamaka, zimaphatikizapo matenda otchedwa histoplasmosis. Komanso pakati pa ziphuphu zachinyengo zimakonda kupezeka.

Mdani wofunika kwambiri wa nyama zokongola'zi ndiye munthu. Anthu ambiri amasankha kuwononga ma skunk chifukwa cha fungo lomwe amafalitsa. Palinso milandu yomwe ma skunk amatha kuthana ndi nkhuku. Ma skunk ochulukirachulukira amafa pamsewu kapena akudya nyambo zapoizoni.

Zomangira zapanyumba

Chaposachedwa, ambiri amasunga zolimba ngati ziweto, popeza kale anali atachotsa tiziwalo timene timatulutsa chinsinsi. Koma eni ake samvera izi ndikusiya skunk ndi "chida" chake. Kunyumba, skunks amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 5-6. Komabe, m'maiko ena a U.S, kusungitsa zikwanje ngati ziweto ndi koletsedwa ndi lamulo chifukwa skunks amakhulupirira kuti amanyamula matenda a chiwewe.

Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti skunk sangakhale chiweto! Ichi ndi nyama yabwino komanso yosavuta kucheza, kuwonjezera apo, ili ndi mawonekedwe osinthika. Ngati amphaka am'nyumba kapena agalu nthawi zina amatha kuwonetsa mawonekedwe awo, galu amatha kutafuna nsapato, mipando yamphaka yamkati, ndiye kuti skunk sangachite konse. Ma skunks ndi odzipereka kwambiri komanso achikondi. Samakhumudwitsa ziweto zina ndi ana aang'ono. Nthawi zambiri zotsutsana zimachitika. Chifukwa chake, onetsetsani kuti nyamayo sikuvulazidwa panthawi yamasewera.

Phunzitsani nyamayo m'manja kuyambira mphindi zoyambirira. Chifukwa chake mumaphunzitsa nyamayo kuti ikukhulupirireni. Skunks sadzaluma konse mbuye wawo. Amachita chidwi ndi chikondi akamasewera nawo. Pamasewera, gulani zoseweretsa m'masitolo a ziweto. Mipira yamitundu yonse, mbewa zazikulu ndi timitengo tichita. Yesetsani kusankha chidole cha pakati-pang'ono chokhala ndi mbali zazing'ono kuti skunk isalire kapena kudya chilichonse. Skunk ikufunika khola kuti lizitha kukhala lotetezeka. Osasokoneza nyamayo pakugona komanso kupuma. Musaiwale malo oti udzu wouma uchitike kuti nyama itulowemo. Siyani khola lotseguka kuti chiweto chizitha kuyenda momasuka m'nyumba. Simungachite mantha ndi mbewu kapena mipando yakunyumba - ma skunks samavulaza chilichonse, koma amatha kusuntha. Mudzadabwa momwe nyamazo zilili zoyera.

Musaiwale kuti skunk ndi nyama usiku. Ngati simukufuna kuti akudzutseni usiku kuti mukasewera, ndiye kuti mutseke chitseko. Nyamayo imatha kusangalatsa yokha ndi zoseweretsa. Osaphunzitsa nyamayo kuti igone usiku. Iyeyo pakapita nthawi adzamangidwanso muntchito zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Ma skunki amafunikira zovala zazikulu osati zoteteza, koma chakudya. Samakanda konse, ngati amphaka. Pofuna kuti chisasokoneze chiweto chosafunikira, konzani zopondera kamodzi pa sabata ndi zibangiri zamanja. Njira yake ndiyopweteketsa nyama.

Kumbukirani kuti kuthengo nthawi yachisanu, skunks hibernate. Kunyumba, izi sizichitika, koma nyamayo imafunikira nthawi yambiri yogonera komanso chakudya chochepa. Chakudya cha skunk chimakhala ndi tizilombo komanso mizu yomera, zomwe ndizovuta kupereka. Dyetsani nkhuku yanu yophika, masamba, zipatso zouma ndi mbewu. Ma skunki amakonda kwambiri chimanga ndi zipatso. Sinthani chiweto chanu! Ngati mulibe nthawi yophika, ndiye kuti skunk idzadya chakudya chouma cha galu. Koma kupanga zakudya kuchokera kuzakudya zokha zokha sikuyenera. Amatsogolera pakupanga urolithiasis.

Ma skunki safuna katemera aliyense wapadera. Mukhoza kulandira katemera agalu malinga ndi dongosolo lenileni. Kawiri pachaka, ndikofunikira kupereka kukonzekera kwa helminth, ngakhale nyama siyikuyenda. Kuyendera skunk kumakhala ndi nkhawa zambiri. Tizilombo tawo tikachotsedwa, sangathe kudziteteza ku amphaka ndi agalu momwe amachitira kale. Ngati mukufuna kunyamula chiweto, chichitani mu khola la amphaka. Nyama zapakhomo ndizanyazi kwambiri.

Osayamba nyumba ya skunk yoposa zaka ziwiri. Kutopa kumatha kutenga nthawi yambiri. Nyama yakale yomwe imakhala kuthengo imasamala anthu. Simungathe kupanga ubale wodalirika ndi iye. Achinyamata, m'malo mwake, amakhala otetezeka mosavuta ndikuphunzitsidwa. Adzatha kuchita kampeni yabwino kwambiri yosonkhanira kunyumba ndi masewera. Ma Skunks sakhala ankhanza kwathunthu komanso okoma mtima kwambiri kwa aliyense. Ndikofunika kukumbukira izi poyitanitsa alendo. Nyamayo imatha mantha kwambiri ndi phokoso lalikulu komanso nkhope zosasinthika, kenako imagona nthawi yayitali komanso kusachita chidwi.

Ndi malingaliro osamala, mudzakhala ndi chinyama chokongola, chokoma mtima m'nyumba, kusangalatsa banja.

Mtengo wamunthu

Ma skunks amabweretsa phindu lalikulu ku ulimi podya tizirombo touluka (kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata, dzombe, ndi zina) ndi mbewa.

Nthawi zina amadya kaloti m'minda ndikuwonongera nkhuku, koma nthawi zambiri sikokwanira. Njuchi zimadyanso m'miyambo.

Ma skunks amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu monga onyamula matenda a chiwewe, carnivore mliri ndi tularemia, ndicho chifukwa chake ma skunks saloledwa ngati ziweto m'maiko ambiri aku US.

Panthawi inayake, zikwanje zamizeremizere zimakhazikitsidwa pamafamu aubweya, atachotsa kale tiziwalo tating'ono, koma pakadali pano ubweya wawo sufunikira. Mu 1933-1939kuyesa kosapindulitsa kunapangidwa ku USSR kukhazikitsa skunk ngati nyama yonyamula ubweya - ku Voronezh Reserve, pachilumba cha Petrov ku Primorsky Territory, mdera la Kharkov, Kirghiz ndi Azerbaijan SSR, ndi Dagestan ASSR. Popanda kuyang'ana mu sayansi ya nyamayo, akatswiri adatulutsa ma fodya ku mafamu aubweya onunkhira bwino omwe adachotsedwa kunkhalangoko, koma m'nthawi yochepa nyama zonse zomwe zidamasulidwa, zomwe zidalandidwa njira yake yayikulu yotetezera, zidagwa ndi nyama zomwe zidadyera komweko.

Malinga ndi umboni wa katswiri wowongolera za nyama P. A. Manteifel, zolakwazo zidawaganiziridwa, ndipo nthawi yotsatira ma skunks adatulutsidwa ndi zisa zopanda ntchito. Komabe, zilombo zazikulu zidawawononga mwachangu. Nthawi ina, pamaso pake, chimbalangondo chidamenya chofunda ndi chizimba chake, pambuyo pake chidayimba nthawi yayitali ndikugudubuzika pansi, chikuvutika ndi fungo la skunk. Mwina chimbalangondo chakumbukira phunziroli, koma sizinathandize skunk [ gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 3195 ] .