Ma phalanges kapena salpugs amatchedwa arachnid order, yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu pafupifupi 1000. Phiderx kangaude amawoneka zowopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi nsagwada zoyipa. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa munthu wamkulu kumasiyana pakati pa 5 mpaka 7 masentimita, thupi limakutidwa ndi kutalika kotalika, tsitsi lopepuka nthawi zambiri, komanso miyendo.

Pa chithunzi cha phalanx Ma chelicera oopsa kwambiri akunja amaonekera, gawo lililonse lili ndi magawo awiri pakati pomwe pali cholumikizira. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ndi kusuntha, nsagwada phalax kangaude monga nsapato.

Mano amapezeka mwachindunji pa chelicerae; mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikhoza kukhala ndi manambala osiyanasiyana. Mphamvu ya miyendo iyi idawopsa anthu akale, omwe nthawi zingapo amapeka nthano zosiyanasiyana, zamphamvu zodabwitsa za kangaudeyu ndi chizolowezi chake chodula tsitsi ndi ubweya kuti aziyala pansi pang'onopang'ono.

Zachidziwikire, ma phalanges amatha kuchotsa tsitsi lowonjezera kuchokera mthupi la wogwidwayo, amakhalanso ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti apange dzenje pakhungu ndipo amatha kuthyola mafupa owonda a mbalame, koma izi zidzakhala zabwino kwambiri kuposa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Nthawi yomweyo asanaukire komanso kuukira, komanso kuteteza ndi kuthawitsa adani, salpug imapukutirana ndipo izi zimapangitsa kukuwa. Camel phalanx kangaude amakonda kukhala kumadera achipululu. Zili paliponse m'maiko omwe kale anali CIS - kumwera kwa Crimea, dera Lower Volga, Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, ndi zina zambiri.

Ndiye kuti, ngakhale anali kukhala malo osangalatsa kukhalapo kangaude wa phalanx akhoza kukhala ku Volgograd, Samara, Saratov ndi mzinda wina uliwonse waukulu, komabe uku ndikosavuta.

Ngati chilombo cholowera m'nyumba ya munthu, chotsani kangaude wa phalanx chovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa mayendedwe ake, mawonekedwe owopsa ndi mkwiyo kwa munthu.

Kuti mupewe zosafunikira komanso zopweteka kwambiri phalanx kangaude kuluma pakulimbana nayo, valani magolovu akuda, thirani mathalauza anu masokosi, ndibwino kuyesa kusesa mchipindacho ndi tsache kapena tsache.

Chithunzi cha ngamila phalanx

Anthu ang'onoang'ono sangathe kuwongolera khungu lamunthu, koma abale okulirapo amatha kuluma. Monga lamulo, nyumba yomwe munthu amakhala alibe chidwi ndi kangaude, komabe, olosera zausiku amatha kuulula.

Pali lingaliro lakuti kangaude sikakopeka ndi kuunika komwe, koma ndi tizilombo tina touluka. Chifukwa chake, kupeza gwero lowunikira, kangaudeyo amathandizira kwambiri pakusaka. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kuluma kumeneku ndizowopsa m'malo mwa zifukwa zaukhondo - palokha kangaude wa phalanx alibe poizoni.

Zotsalira zowonongeka za omwe adamuzunza m'mbuyomu zimatha kusungidwa pa cheliceurs yokhala ndi nthiti kwa nthawi yayitali, yomwe, ikawilidwa, imatha kuyambitsa zovuta kuchokera pakuputa kosavuta ndikupha magazi.

Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa phalanx

Oimira mitundu yambiri yamchere amapita kokasaka usiku, ndipo amakhala tsiku lonse m'makumba awo kapena malo ena aliwonse. Ndizachilendo kuti ma phalanxes ena amabwerera nthawi iliyonse kupita kumakumba awo ndipo amatha kukhala malo amodzi amoyo wawo wonse, pomwe ena, m'malo mwake, amasuntha kwambiri ndikukakumba dzenje latsopano nthawi iliyonse m'malo atsopano. Mitundu ina imadzuka masana.

Mukamaukira phalanx, mumatha kumva kukuwa kwakuthwa, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukangana kwa chibwano chake. Chifukwa chake, iye akuwopseza mdani, koma iyi siyokhapokha lipenga khadi lake la zida.

Kufotokozera kwa kangaude wa phalanx Nthawi zambiri amachepetsa nkhupakupa zamphamvu zomwe zimatha kuluma ngakhale mafupa ang'onoang'ono a mbalame, komabe, ma salpug amakhalanso ndi miyendo yayitali ndipo amatha kuthamanga mpaka 16 km / h.

Oimira mitundu yonse ya chinsalu ichi ndiwankhanza kwambiri kwa zolengedwa zonse zomwe zimakumana m'njira zawo, mosasamala kukula kwake. Komanso, ma phalanges amakwiyira abale awo.

Chakudya cha Kangaude cha Phalanx

Kangaudeyu amamwa chakudya chambiri tsiku lililonse, sikuti amangokhalira kudya. Phalax imatha kugwira ndikudya buluzi yaying'ono, mwana wankhuku kapena makoswe, pafupifupi kachilombo kalikonse kakang'ono komwe kamatha kuthana nako. Kudya kwambiri kumakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha kufa kwa kangaude, chifukwa ngati chakudyacho chili chosavuta kufikirako, phalanx imatha kudya nthawi zonse.

Phalaphala imamadya abuluzi ang'onoang'ono ndi zolengedwa zina zofananira.

Kubwezeretsanso ndi moyo wa phalasi

Kuphatikiza nthawi zambiri kumachitika mumdima. Yaikazi imadziwitsa zamphongo za kukonzeka, kutulutsa fungo lapadera. Buluzi wotchuka wa kangaude amatenga nawo mbali umuna - ndi pomwe amunawo amaika ukazitape poyambira kugonana kwa mnzake.

Zochita zonse za onse awiriwa zimangokhala zoziziritsa kukhosi, ngati pazifukwa zina "zazikazi" zimachoka kwa wamwamuna, amaliza zomwe adayamba, koma sizinaphule kanthu. Pokonzekera umuna, chachikazi sichimasuntha, nthawi zina champhongo chimangomukoka. Koma, atatha njirayi, amakhala wankhalwe kwambiri.

Komanso, atakhwima, wamkazi amakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi njala yayikulu, motero amayamba kusaka mwachangu. Ngati wamphongo alibe nthawi yokwanira kupumira patali, amatha kumudya.

Asanagone, mkaziyo amakumba kachilombo kakang'ono ndikuyika mazira pafupifupi 200 pamenepo. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri ndi awiri, kangaude wa mawonekedwe osagwedezeka azituluka. Pakupita milungu ingapo, amapulumuka molt woyamba, mawonekedwe awo amakhala olimba, tsitsi loyamba limawonekera, kenako kukula kwachinyamata kumayamba kuyenda palokha. Wamkazi amasamalira akangaude, amawateteza ndi kuwadyetsa kufikira atakula msanga ndipo amakhala olimba mokwanira.

M'nyengo yozizira, akangaude amapeza malo otetezeka ndipo amakhala m'malo obisika kumeneko. Oyimira mitundu ina atha kukhalabe mdziko lino m'miyezi yotentha. Kuchulukitsa kwa kangaude wamkati sikudziwika ngati sayansi. Palibenso chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa salpug.

Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe ndi zizolowezi za phalanx

Phalaphala imawoneka kwambiri ngati kangaude, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi kangaude, womwe umapezeka m'thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, monga kangaude pankhope pake, pamakhala zotsekemera pakamwa, zofanana ndi zikhadabo. Komabe, phalanx siidi kangaude, ngakhale ili mgulu lomwelo la arachnids nayo. Akangaude awa ndi akulu kwambiri, pafupifupi masentimita 5-7.

Phalax ndi tizilombo tamadwala tomwe timapeza chakudya usiku, mumdima. Amadyetsedwa ndi nsikidzi zosiyanasiyana, kangaude, chiswe, nyerere ndi tizilombo tina touluka. Zomwe zili zokulirapo sizingakane kuukira buluzi, agama kapena vole cub.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti phalasi, isanakumane ndi mdani, imaphwanya mawu ake mokweza mawu mofuula. Izi amamuwopseza yemwe adzamugwire. Thupi la phalanx limapangidwa kuti lizitha kugwira ntchito kwambiri. Mitundu ina imatha kuyenda mwachangu mpaka 16 km / h. Kuwona kumeneku kumatchedwa "Mphepo yamkuntho" mu Chingerezi, zomwe zimatanthawuza "mphepo chowomba".

Malo a phalanx ndi zipululu komanso chipululu chouma chouma. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mphepete mwa mchenga monga Karakum, Kyzyl Kum, Sahara, Gobi. Anasinthana bwino ndi Transcaucasus ndi North Caucasus, ku Central Asia ndi Kazakhstan, ku Kalmykia ndi ku Lower Volga. Pali ambiri a iwo kumwera kwa Crimea. Ku Europe, adakhazikika ku Spain, Greece ndi madera ena a Italy. Koma ku Australia, ma arachnids awa sangapezeke, kulibe.

Kwa munthu, salpuga sikuti imangoopsa, koma kukumana ndi izi kumatha kubweretsanso mavuto. Mphamvu yowukakamiza ya chelicera yake ndiyabwino kwambiri kuti amatha kuluma mosavuta kudzera pakhungu la anthu, komanso zovala ndi nsapato zopepuka. Ndipo ngakhale phalanx ilibe poizoni, kuluma kwake kumakhala kowawa kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa choti kuwola chakudya kumakhalabe pachibwano chake, kumatha kutupa komwe kumaloko ngakhale kulumikizidwe konse kwa magazi. Chifukwa chake, kukhala mumalo omwe tizilombo toyipa timakhala, muyenera kuvala zovala zolimba ndikuvala nsapato zomwe zingateteze kuluma.

Dongosolo la phalanx lochokera ku gulu la arachnid ndilochulukirapo, lili ndi mabanja 13, mitundu 400 ndi mitundu yopitilira 1000, yokhala ndi mayina ambiri monga: Solpugida, Galeodea, Mycetophorae, Solifugae Sundevall ndi ena. Mwa mayina achingerezi, odziwika kwambiri ndi awa: kangaude wa ngamira, kangaude wa dzuwa, chinkhanira cha dzuwa ndi chinkhanira cha mphepo. Ku Russia, amadziwika bwino pansi pa mayina a bihorca. Mulimonsemo, mosatengera momwe amatchulidwira, phalanx ndi kangaude, pomwe muyenera kukhala kutali.

Zowopsa kwa anthu

Maonekedwe ndi owopsa, koma siwopseza.

Mitundu yambiri ya akangaude awa siowopsa kwa anthu, chifukwa sindingakulume pakhungu. Komabe, ma salpug akulu amatha kuvulaza khungu lawo mpaka magazi ndi cheliceurs zawo, ndikupangitsa kutaya pambuyo pake ndi zotsalira zotsala pamalaya awo.

Kuswana

Nthawi yakuswana, yamphongo yamphongo imafunafuna mkazi ndikanunkhiza pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake lochita kunyamula. Njira yakukhwima imachitika usiku. Pakukhwima, yamphongo imatulutsa chinthu chomatira ndi ma spermatophores pansi, ndiye mothandizidwa ndi chelicera imasinthanitsa ndi maliseche aakazi. Manyowa ndi spermatophore. Zachikazi zimagona pamalo akukhwima, koma ukadzaza ubwamuna ndipo zimakhala zankhanza, chifukwa chake yamphongo imathamanga kuti isadye.

Wamkazi wothira mkaka amadya kwambiri, ndipo atatha nthawi yochulukirapo amadya kamakoko komwe amakaikira mazira 40 mpaka 200. Kukula kwa mazira kumachitika kale m'mimba mwa mkazi, motero, patapita nthawi yochepa, ma salpug ang'onoang'ono amawonekera kuchokera ku mazira otayidwa. M'masiku oyamba amoyo, osasunthika, thupi limakutidwa ndi mawonekedwe ochepa owoneka bwino osagawika magawo ndi tsitsi. Pambuyo pa kusungunuka, komwe kumachitika patatha milungu iwiri, zitsitsi zatsopano zimasiyanitsidwa ndikuumitsa, tsitsi limakula thupi, ndipo salpuga imayamba kuyendayenda payokha. Yaikazi imakhala pafupi ndi mbewuyo kufikira itakhala yolimba.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Ma solpug ndi othandizira kwambiri, amathamanga kwambiri, akukwera ndege zodumphadumpha ndikulumpha mtunda wautali (mpaka mita). Pakumenyedwa ndi mdani kapena podziteteza, salpuga imamveka ndikulimbana ndi cheliceurs, kukumbukira kukuwa kapena kugunda. Pamene salpuga ikumana ndi mdani, imaganiza chowopseza, ndikukweza kutsogolo kwa thupi kuyang'ana mdani.

Masaliti ambiri amakhala akugwira usiku, koma palinso mitundu yokonda dzuwa. Masaliti ambiri amayesa kubisala masana mumisasa: m'makola a ndodo, pansi pa miyala, kapena iwo amakonzekeretsa.

Ma salpug amakhala olimba kwambiri ndipo amadyetsa nyama zamitundumitundu zomwe zimatha kuthana nazo, nthawi zambiri ndi tizilombo, komanso mbewa, akangaude, mitengo yamitengo, etc., nthawi zina nyama zokulirapo, mwachitsanzo abuluzi. Amagwira ndikugwira nyamayo mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi chelicera amang'amba ndi kuipukusa, pambuyo pake umatha kuyamwa nyama yambiri, yotsekemera ndi madzi a m'mimba.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: kangaude wa phalanx

Lamuloli limaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 1000 yofotokozedwa mu 153 genera. Ngakhale ali ndi mayina wamba, si scorpions enieni (Scorpiones, kapena kangaude weniweni (Araneae)) Kutsutsana pazogwirizana kwawo kumapitilizabe ndi akatswiri. Kodi ndiwosiyanadi ndi akangaude kapena zinkhanira? Malingana ngati angokhala m'gawoli, koma kafukufuku wamtsogolo angapangitse kusintha kwazomwe zikuchitika.

Gulu la arachnids lili ndi mayina osiyanasiyana, phalanges, saltpugs, bichor, scorpion mphepo, akangaude, ndi zina zotere. Zamoyo zosiyanazi zimakhala ndi mayina angapo mu Chingerezi ndi ku Africa, ambiri omwe amaphatikiza mawu akuti "kangaude" kapena ngakhale "chinkhanira". Ngakhale mikhalidwe yawo, nyama izi ndi mtanda pakati pa zinkhanira ndi akangaude.

Kanema: Phiderx Spider

Chofanana chodziwikiratu chomwe amagawana ndi akangaude ndikuti ali ndi miyendo isanu ndi itatu. Phalanges alibe ma tezi oopsa ndipo samawopseza anthu, ngakhale ali ndiukali kwambiri, amasunthira mwachangu ndipo angayambitse kuluma kowawa. Dzina lachi Latin "solifugae" limachokera ku "fugere" (kuthamanga, kuuluka, kuthamanga) ndi "sol" (dzuwa). Chofufumitsa zakale kwambiri, Protosolpuga carbonaria, chidapezeka ku USA mchaka cha 1913 m'mphepete mwa Late Carboniferous. Kuphatikiza apo, zitsanzo zimapezeka ku Burmese, Dominican, Baltic amber ndi Cretaceous ku Brazil.

Chosangalatsa: Mawu oti "kangaude" amagwira ntchito pa mitundu yomwe imagwira ntchito masana. Poyesa kupewa kutentha, amadziponyera okha kuchokera kumithunzi kupita pamthunzi - nthawi zambiri uwu ndi mthunzi wa munthu. Zotsatira zake, zimapangitsa chidwi kuti akutsata munthu.

Zikuwoneka kuti phalax yachikazi imawona tsitsi kukhala chinthu chabwino chisa. Malipoti ena akuti adadula tsitsili pamitu ya anthu omwe samadziwa izi. Komabe, asayansi amatsutsa izi, arachnid samasinthidwa kuti azidula tsitsi, ndipo mawu awa akukhalabe nthano. Ngakhale ma salpug sakhala owala mopepuka ngati zinkhanira, amawunikira pansi pa kuwunika kwina kwa magetsi ndi mphamvu.

Habitat

Ma solpug amakonda malo otentha: mapiri owuma, zipululu, madera otentha, otentha. Gulu lankhondo lalikulu la olusa mwamphamvu linali kukhala m'maiko onse, kupatula Australia ndi Antarctica. Mitundu 80 imakhala ku North ndi South America, mitundu 16 kumpoto kwa Africa, 100 kum'mwera kwa Africa. Mitundu yoposa 200 imapezeka ku Eurasia.

Mayiko omwe amadziwa bwino salpugs:

• Pakistan
• India
• South Africa
• Algeria
• Moroko
• Girisi
• Spain
• Kazakhstan,
• Tajikistan
• Turkmenistan
• Kyrgyzstan,
• Azerbaijan
• Georgia

Yabwino kwa kangaude wa kangaude komwe amakhala ku Russia:

Oimira ena amatha kupezeka kumadera akumpoto.

Miyeso ya thupi ndi kapangidwe

Zizindikiro wamba, kapena zomwe akangaude onse a phalanx amawoneka:

• torso yogawika mutu, chifuwa ndi m'mimba,
• thupi ndi miyendo yokutidwa ndi villi,
• maso awiri akuwonekera pakati pa mutu,
• Nsagwada zovomerezeka zimakhala ngati zibwano
• 6 miyendo
• kuwonekera kwamtsogolo kukuchita ntchito yowoneka bwino.

Nyama zimatha kufika masentimita 10. Pa miyendo yakumbuyo pali zipere ndi zikho zokuyamwa, chifukwa cha zomwe ma phalanges amatha kusuntha pafupi ndi ndege kulikonse.

Zosiyanasiyana

Kupezeka kwa Salpuga kumaphatikizapo mabanja 13, omwe akuphatikiza mitundu ya anthu 140 ndi mitundu pafupifupi 1000.

Predators alibe poizoni, koma kuluma mosavuta kungayambitse chiphe cha magazi. Pa nsagwada zake zowola zotsalira zimatsalira pambuyo pa "nkhomaliro" ndi "chakudya", zomwe zimapweteketsa matupi athu pafupi ndi prokus. Mano ndi kudula koyenda kwa mbola amatha kuluma kudzera pakhungu osati kokha, komanso msomali wamunthu.

Nyamayi inkapeza dzina loti chithaphwi chifukwa imatha kuyenda mothamanga kwambiri mamita 4 pa sekondi.

Salpuga wamba

Phalasi ili ndi dzina lachiwiri - South Russia saltpug kapena galeod. Amakhala mchigawo cha Astrakhan ndi Volgograd ku Russia. Akazi ndi 1.5 masentimita akuluakulu kuposa amphongo: kuchokera ku zibwano zamkati mpaka kumapeto kwam'mimba, amatha kufikira masentimita 6. Mbali yakumtunda ya penti imakhala yotumbululuka, ya m'munsi - yachikaso chakuda.

Mphamvu yophinikizira ya nsapato imakupatsani mwayi wothana ndi tizilombo komanso, komanso nyama yayikulu.

Kodi zimayenda bwanji kuthengo?

Phalanges amakonda kukhala moyo wachisangalalo. Kuyambira masana, amabisala m'makola a mapanga, pansi pa miyala, kapena kukumba zisa zawo pansi. Dzinalo "salpuga" limatanthawuza "kuthawa dzuwa."Otsatira amatuluka kuti adzafune nyama usiku. Koma, ataona gwero lamdima mumdima, akuthamangira komweko kukafunafuna chakudya (tizilombo touluka).

Chosunga mchere, ndikupita kusaka masana, ku Spain amatchedwa kangaude. Arthropods imatha kukwera pamalo owongoka, kusuntha mwachangu makilomita 16 pa ola limodzi, kudumpha mita imodzi kutalika ndi kutalika.

Kuti awopseze mdani, ma phalax amapanga mawu opukusa ndi mandibles. Iwo okha saopa aliyense. Poona adani, adaniwo amatukula mitu yawo ndi chifuwa ndikuwatsegula zikhadabo zawo mwakugwada. Khwawa la akangaude a ngamila limatha kuwongolera chilichonse, mosasamala kukula ndi mitundu, mwachitsanzo, munthu kapena mchere wina.

Ndi nthawi yozizira, salpugs hibernate. Kukonda kwa phalanx mpaka kutentha kumafuna kusamala m'malo okhalamo: amapezeka m'chihema, nsapato, zovala. Sizovuta kuchotsa arthropod yomwe yayamba kuti isenthe: siyingatengedwe, ndipo munthu ayenera kusamala kwambiri kuti asalumidwe. Pesi lamchere lopsa mtima limatha kudumpha mpaka mita imodzi. Tsatirani mayendedwe ake ndikosatheka.

Pa umuna, mkazi amakhala wopanda chidwi ndi wamphongo, koma pambuyo pake, podzuka ku kambule, amatha kukwaniritsa njala yawo. Kwa ana amtsogolo, salpuga amakonzera chisa chapansi panthaka, pomwe chimayikira mazira 30 mpaka 200. Pambuyo pa milungu itatu, ma phalange ang'onoang'ono amawoneka, omwe amayi amawasunga ndikudyetsa mpaka mphindi yakuyima pawokha.

Kodi chimadya chiyani?

Phalanges ndi nyama zolusa komanso zopatsa chidwi; pakalibe nyama, angathe kukhutiritsa zovalazo. Sadziwa kumverera kwachisoni komanso kupuma kwa chakudya. Ngati pali chakudya, masalitiwo amachikoka mpaka pamimba chang'ambika chifukwa cha kuchuluka.

Maofesi amigodi a Solifugae:

• tizilombo
• nsabwe zamatabwa,
• chiswe
• kafadala
• scolopendras,
• Karakurt
• tarantulas
• zinkhanira
• abuluzi ang'ono
• anapiye
• makoko ang'onoang'ono
• njuchi.

Phalasi imagwira chilichonse chomwe chimayenda ndipo chikugwirizana ndi kukula kwake. Migodi imang'ambika. Awiri-awiri a mbola amfewetsa. Kenako zidutsazo zimayamwa ndi madzi am'mimba, pambuyo pake zimayamwa ndi salpuga.

Mamilioni

Milozi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe amadya zamchere. Arthropods, ngati phalanges, ndi amtundu wa nyama. Malinga ndi malo okhalamo, chinthu chogwidwa ndi phalanx nthawi zambiri imakhala scolopendra.

Mitundu ya mill milles imaphatikizapo mitundu 90. Nyama zimakonda nyengo yotentha: malo otentha, zipululu, malo otentha. Koma zimapezeka m'malo opululu, kumapiri, m'mapanga a karst, m'nkhalango. M'malo ozizira amatha kukula kwa masentimita 10, m'malo otentha amakula mpaka 30 cm.

Gawo lirilonse la thupi lalitali lalitali limakhala ndi miyendo iwiri yomaliza yolumikizana ndi poizoni. Pansi pamutu pali zipsera za mwendo zapoizoni. Miyendo yakutsogolo inasinthidwa kukhala ma fang kuti igwire wozunzidwayo.

Scolopendra amapita kukasaka usiku. Zimadyanso tizilombo. Zonona zazikulu zimatha kulimbana ndi mbewa, njoka ndi abuluzi.

Kummwera kwa Europe, North Africa, mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso yodziwika bwino ndi scolopendra annulus ndi scolopendra scooter. Ngakhale kupezeka kwa poizoni ndi ntchofu mu scolopendra, phalanx imatuluka wopambana pankhondoyo, mphezi yake imathamanga mwachangu komanso mosayembekezeka komanso kugwidwa ndi wachifwamba ndikuluma.

Woodlice

Arthropods ndi subcrass of crustaceans. Muzikhala ndi moyo wachisangalalo. Amadyetsa kuvunda kwa zinyalala zomera.

Woodlice amakhala m'malo ovuta:

• matsenga
• mulu wamiyala
• milu ya kuvunda masamba agwa
• makungwa otayirira,
• zinyalala za m'nyumba.

Kwa phalanges osusuka, nsabwe za nkhuni ndimalo oyenera chakudya, pomwe mitundu ina ya akudya ndi mbalame zimapewa kuzidya chifukwa cha nayitrogeni yomwe yatulutsidwa.

Chinsinsi

Kwa salpug, sizitengera chilichonse chiwonongeko chamadera. Tizilombo tambiri tambiri tating'onoting'ono sititha kupirira kupanikizika chifukwa cha phalax, kumayang'ana makoma a chithaphwi ndikuwonongeranso yemwe akuweta banja lachiwerewere. Mofananamo, nyama yolusa imalowa mumng'oma, kenako imafa chifukwa cha kuluma kwa njuchi, osatha kutuluka chifukwa chamimba.

Scorpions

Scorpions, ngati phalanges, ndi a arthropods, gulu la arachnids. Wotsogola usiku wokhala ndi magulu awiri amaso amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a 360-degree. Vili pa thupi lake imagwira ngati ziwalo zogwira, chifukwa chake imatha kugwedeza kwa mpweya ndi nthaka.

Ndi mawonekedwe ake owoneka modabwitsa, kuthamanga kwambiri, kuyenda kwa chala chakupha ndi singano pamchira, chinkhanira sichimasiyana pakukwiya. Sakuukira msanga ngati alibe njala ndipo alibe ngozi. Thupi lake limakutidwa ndi chipolopolo cholimba chodzitchinjiriza chomwe chimateteza kwa adani. Sikuti salpuga yokha yomwe imatha kuthana ndi chinkhanira, komanso mawu opemphera ndi kachilomboka.

Akangaude

Chomwe chikuwopsezedwa ndi salpuga chingakhale karakurt, tarantulas. Spider ndi osaka usiku m'malo omwe omwe ma phalange amapezeka. Kukula kwa karakurt yachikazi sikupita mamilimita 20, tarantula - 35 millimeter. Kulekera kangaude ngamera kuthamanga kwake ndi kukula kwake, zimakhala chakudya champhamvu kwambiri cha adani.

Kodi ndingakhale kunyumba?

Mafano a arachnids amatha kusunga chisa chamchere kunyumba yawo. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kuthekera kwake kusuntha pamtondo, kuphatikiza galasi, nkhope yake, ndikudumphira kutalika mpaka mita imodzi. Terrarium iyenera kukhala yopanda mpweya. Kwa nyama, kupangira malo okhala masana ndikofunikira. Kutengera mtundu wa salpuga, imatha kukhala mchenga, miyala yosakanikirana ndi lapansi.

Ma arthropod amakonda kusenda pansi pa kuwala kwa nyali ya ultraviolet. Kupanga kotentha kotereku kumapangitsa kukhalapo kwa mchere wamoto mu terarium kukhala bwino.

Chakudya chokhazikika chimayambitsidwa mu terarium pamene phalanx ili mumink. Pazakudya za nyama yomwe imadyera pamaayenera kukhala tizilombo tambiri, nsabwe za nkhuni. Amadyetsa phalanx katatu pa sabata, kupewa kudya mopitirira muyeso, pomwe amatha kufa.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Kodi kangaude wamtundu wa phalanx amawoneka bwanji

Thupi la hodgepodge lagawidwa magawo awiri:

• mapira (chipolopolo),
• opistosome (m'mimba patsekeke).

Mapira ali ndi magawo atatu:

• propeltidium (mutu) uli ndi chelicera, maso, ma pedipalps ndi awiri oyamba a miyendo,
• mesopeltidium ili ndi miyendo yachitatu,
• metapelptidium ili ndi miyendo inayi.

Kunja, kangaude wa phalanx akuwoneka kuti ali ndi miyendo 10, koma kwenikweni, mawonekedwe oyambilira ndi njira yoyendetsera bwino kwambiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ntchito zosiyanasiyana, monga kumwa, kugwira, kudyetsa, kukhwima ndi kukwera. Ndi miyendo itatu yakumbuyo kokha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthamanga. Chowoneka bwino kwambiri ndi ziwalo zapadera pamapikisano a miyendo. Akangaude ena amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ziwalozi kuti akwere pamwamba.

Miyendo yoyamba ndi yochepa thupi komanso yaifupi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ziwalo zooneka ngati tactile (hema). Phalax imakhala yopanda patella (gawo la mwendo lomwe limapezeka kangaude, zinkhanira ndi ma arachnids ena). Miyendo yachinayi ndi yayitali kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi timiyala tambiri 5, pomwe ana ali ndi awiriawiri. Zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi ziwalo zokomera munthu kuti adziwe kugwedezeka m'nthaka.

Kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana 10-70 mm, ndipo kutalika kwamiyendo mpaka 160 mm. Mutu wake ndi waukulu, umagwirizana kwambiri ndi chelicera (nsagwada). Propeltidium (chipolopolo) chimadzuka kuti chigwirizire minofu yokulitsidwa yomwe imayang'anira chelicerae. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apamwamba awa mu gawo la Chingerezi, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "akangaude a ngamila." Chelicera ali ndi chala cholimba chakumaso ndi chala chosasunthika, onse ali ndi mano okhathamira kuphwanya nyama. Mano awa ndi amodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikiritsa.

Mitundu ina imakhala ndi maso akuluakulu apakati. Amatha kuzindikira mawonekedwe ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito posaka ndi kuwona adani. Maso awa ndi odabwitsa pakupanga kwawo kwamkati. M'mitundu yambiri, maso amtsogolo kulibe, ndipo komwe amapezekapo, amangokhala amwano. Mimba imakhala yofewa komanso yowonjezereka, kulola nyamayo kudya chakudya chochuluka. Thupi la mitundu yambiri imakutidwa ndi bristles of kutalika kosiyanasiyana, ena mpaka 50 mm, ofanana ndi mpira wonyezimira wa tsitsi. Ambiri mwa mabulangete amenewa ndi masensa tactile.

Kodi kangaudeyu amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: kangaude wa phalanx ku Russia

Izi ma arachnids amawonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha mapesi okhala m'chipululu ndipo amakhala m'malo ouma kwambiri. Kutentha kwabwino kwa iwo. Akangaude a Phalanx amakhala m'malo akutali komwe kuli zolengedwa zochepa chabe zomwe zimakhala. Kusinthasintha kwawo mokhudzana ndi malo omwe amakhala, ndizowongolera zomwe zachitika m'miyoyo yawo kwazaka zambiri. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti sakhala ku Australia konse. Ngakhale dziko lalikulu ili ndi malo otentha kwambiri, palibe mitundu ya nyama yomwe yapezeka pamenepo.

Kusintha kwa malo okhala kumathandizira kuti kangaudeyu azitha kudzalanso ndi malo ena okhala m'nkhalango. Koma ngakhale madera oterowo, amafunafuna malo otentha kukhalamo. Ku Russia, adapezeka mdera la Crimea, dera la Lower Volga (Volgograd, Astrakhan, Saratov, Kalmykia), komanso ku Caucasus ndi North Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (Osh dera), Tajikistan, etc. ku Europe, amapezeka ku Spain, Portugal, Greece.

Chosangalatsa: Padziko lapansi pali mabanja 12, mitundu ya 140 ndi mitundu 1075 ya salpuga. Ndipo kumwera kwa Africa, mabanja asanu ndi mmodzi, mitundu 30, ndi mitundu 241 adalembetsa. Chifukwa chake, 22% yadziko lonse lapansi yamitundu yonse ya kangaude amapezeka kum'mwera kwa Africa. North Cape (mitundu ya 81) ndi Namibia ili ndi mitundu yayikulupo. Mtsinje wa lalanje suchepetsa kugawa kwawo.

Mu Dziko Latsopano, muli mitundu yopitilira 200 ya Solifugae. Mabanja awiri okha (Eremobatidae ndi Ammotrechidae) ndi omwe amapezeka ku North America. Mitundu pafupifupi itatu nthawi zina imasamukira kumwera kwa Canada. Komabe, zenith ya kusiyanasiyana kwa kangaude wa phalanx ndi Middle East.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kangaude wa phalanx amapezeka. Tiwone zomwe amadya.

Kodi kangaudeyu amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Kangaude wa pois phalanx

Tizilombo sitiphonya konse mwayi wa kudya, ngakhale tambiri tomwe timakhala kuti sitimva njala. Nyama imadziunjikira mafuta m'thupi kuti ikhale ndi moyo nthawi zomwe chakudya chimasowa. Akangaude a Phalanx amadya zonse zamoyo ndi zomwe zapezeka zitafa. Amatha kudya njoka, abuluzi, makoswe, kafadala ndi chiswe. Komabe, zomwe azidzadya nthawi zambiri zimatengera malo ndi nthawi ya chaka. Samawoneka kuti alibe vuto ndi kupanga zakudya, zomwe ndizocheperako kuposa kukula kwawo. A Solpug makamaka amapita kukasaka usiku.

Mitundu yonse ya kangaude wamtundu wa phalanx ndiyacarnivorous kapena omnivorous. Ndiwosaka ndipo amakhala osadya chilichonse chomwe chimayenda. Nyama imazindikiridwa ndi kugwidwa ndi ma tententi-pedipalps, ndikuphedwa ndikudula mzidutswa ndi chelicera. Kenako amapanga zakumwa, ndipo timadzi timalowa mkamwa. Ngakhale samakonda kuthana ndi anthu, ma cheliceurs awo amatha kulowa khungu la munthu ndikupangitsa kuluma kowawa.

Zakudya za kangaude wa phalanx zimakhala:

• chiswe
• nsikidzi
• akangaude
• zinkhanira
• ma arthropod ang'onoang'ono apadziko lapansi,
• njoka
• makoswe
• tizilombo tosiyanasiyana
• zazing'onozing'ono
• mbalame zakufa.

Akangaude a Phalanx amatha kugwiranso zilombo zina monga mileme, mikanda ndi chitetezo. Mitundu ina ndi nyama yodya chiweto chokha. Anthu ena amakhala pamthunzi ndipo amabisalira nyama zawo. Ena amagwira nyama ndi kuidya, idakali moyo, ikung'amba nyamayo mwamphamvu ndikusuntha kwamphamvu kwa nsagwada zake zamphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, kangaude wa phalanx ali ndi cannibalism, nthawi zonse amamenya abale awo ndipo opambana mwamphamvu.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Kangaude wa Phalanx ku Astrakhan

Akangaude a Phalanx nthawi zambiri amakhala asanakwane usiku, koma pali mitundu ya masana yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yowala bwino ndi mikwingwirima yakuda komanso yakuda thupi lonse, pomwe mitundu yausiku imakhala yotuwa ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulu kuposa masana. Kuonera phalanx nthawi yomweyo kumaonekanso kuthamanga kwawo kwamisala. Chifukwa cha iye, adatcha "scorpion-mhepo." Zimayenda pamtunda woyenda kapena pamchenga wofewa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama zina zambiri zizisanganikirana kapena kuti zizitha. Ma phalanxes amakhalanso okwera modabwitsa.

Akangaude a ngamila amasinthidwa bwino ndi malo owuma. Wophimbidwa ndi tsitsi loonda, amapatukana ndi kutentha kwa chipululu. Osazolowereka, zitsulo zazitali zimakhala ngati masensa zomwe zimathandiza kupeza wovutikira. Chifukwa cha zolandira zapadera, zimafunafuna chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi gawo lomwe nyama imadutsamo ndipo imatha kudziwa kugwiranso pansi panthaka yakuya. Umu ndi mtundu wa kangaude yemwe ndizovuta kudziwa. Alibe zowoneka bwino, komanso amakonda kubisala. Amatha kupezeka pakona iliyonse yamdima kapena pansi pa milu yamatabwa kapena miyala.

Chosangalatsa: kangaude wa phalanx ndi amodzi mwachangu. Imatha kuyenda mwachangu makilomita 16.5 pa ola limodzi. Koma, nthawi zambiri, amayenda pang'onopang'ono ngati sakumana ndi zoopsa, ndipo sayenera kuti achoke mderalo.

Zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa salpuga chifukwa cha malo ambiri omwe amapezeka mnyumbamo. Mabanja ena achoka m'makomo mwawo pambuyo poyesera kuti awononge bwino akangaude a ngamila awa. Mitundu ina imatha kumveketsa mawu ikamva kuti ili pachiwopsezo. Ili ndi chenjezo kuti tithe kutuluka mu nthawi yovuta.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Kangaude wa Phalanx ku Kazakhstan

Popeza ali ndi mkwiyo wanthawi zambiri, funso limabuka la momwe kangaude amatha kuperekana popanda kuphana. Indedi, "gawo lomwe likuyandikira mwachangu" nthawi ya chibwenzi ingakhale yolakwika pakuyesa chibwenzi. Zachikazi zimakankhira wopemphayo kuthawa ndikuthawa kapena kutenga gawo logonjera. Wamphongo amugwira pakati pa thupi ndikuguguda nsagwada, komanso kumukumbata ndi miyendo ndi miyendo yoyamba.

Amatha kuyinyamula ndikuyiyendetsa mtunda waifupi kapena kumangoyisamalira poyambira kulumikizana. Mapeto ake, amatula dontho la umuna kuchokera ku maliseche ake, ndikuwukankhira kunsagwada ndipo agwiritsa nthito yake kukakamiza umuna kuti umalowe mwa mkazi. Mwambo wophatikiza umasiyana m'mabanja osiyanasiyana ndipo umaphatikizaponso kusinthanitsa kwa umuna mwachindunji.

Chowoneka chochititsa chidwi: akangaude a Phalanx amakhala mwachangu ndikumwalira ali aang'ono. Nthawi yawo yayitali ingokhala chaka chimodzi.

Kenako chachikazi chimakumba dzenje ndikuyika mazira, ndikuwasiya mu dzenje. Zambiri zimatha kukhala mazira 20 mpaka 264. Mitundu ina imasunga mpaka ikaswa. Pafupifupi masiku khumi ndi chimodzi atagona, mazira amawaswa. Mbewu imadutsa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu isanakhale munthu wamkulu. Zaka zosinthika ndi gawo pakati pa molting. Monga arthropods, akangaude a phalanx amayenera kukhetsa exoskeleton yawo nthawi ndi nthawi kuti akule.

Adani achilengedwe a kangaude wa phalanx

Chithunzi: Kodi kangaude wamtundu wa phalanx amawoneka bwanji

Ngakhale kuti kangaude wa phalanx nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ngati zilombo zosakwanira, amathanso kukhala chowonjezerapo chofunikira pakudya kwa nyama zambiri zomwe zimakhala munkhalango zowuma ndi zouma. Mbodzi, mbalame zazing'ono, zolengedwa komanso arachnids, ali m'gulu la nyama zolembedwa ngati salpuga. Zinawonekanso kuti ma phalanges amadyerana.

Ng'ombe mwina ndi mbalame zomwe zimakonda kusaka nyama zazikulu za phalanx. Kuphatikiza apo, zidadziwika kuti mavutsi a New World komanso mbalame zoyambira ndi ma ngolo agulu lakale la Dziko Lakale zimadyera pama arachnids awa. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsalira za chelicera zidapezekanso mu zinyalala.

Nyama zingapo zing'onozing'ono zimaphatikizapo phalanges m'zakudya zawo:

• nkhandwe yayikulu-yayikulu (O. megalotis),
• geneta wamba (G. genetta),
• Nkhandwe yaku South Africa (V. chama),
• Civet waku Africa (C. civetta),
• nkhandwe yakuda (C.mesomelas).

Phalanx anapezeka kuti ndi gawo limodzi lachinayi chotchuka kwambiri ku Texas chometedwa manda (Coleonyx brevis), pambuyo pa chimbudzi, ma cicadas ndi kangaude. Ofufuza ena amati zothira ku Africa zimawadya, koma izi sizinatsimikizidwebe.

Ziwopsezo za Arthropod pa kangaude wa phalanx sizovuta kuzimitsa. Milandu iwiri ya arachnids (Araneae) zolembedwa ku Namibia. Pafupifupi nkhani iliyonse yokhudza nkhondo zoopsa pakati pa kangaude ndi chithaphwi ndi nthano chabe. Mauthenga awa ndi okhudzana ndi kutengera kwa umunthu pakutsutsana ndi nyama izi, zomwe zimapangidwa mwadongosolo lapadera. Mu malo achilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa kukwiya kwawo kwa wina ndi mnzake sikumveka.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Kangaude wa Phalanx ku Crimea

Moyo wam'chipululu wa kangaudeyu samalola kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yake. Solifugae - idakhala nkhani ya nthano zambiri komanso kukokomeza za kukula kwawo, kuthamanga, chikhalidwe, kusilira komanso kufa kwa kuluma. Mamembala a gululi alibe poizoni ndipo samata intaneti.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zambiri zimavomerezedwa kuti kangaude wa phalanx amadya thupi lamunthu. Nkhani yongopeka ija imati cholengedwa chimalowetsa poyizoni wina pakhungu lotseguka, kenako ndikudya nyama yake, chifukwa chomenyedwayo chimadzuka ndi bala.

Komabe, akangaude awa satulutsa chonyansa chotere, ndipo, monga zolengedwa zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wopulumuka, sizidzidzidzimutsa zazikulu kuposa iwo, pokhapokha ngati zingateteze kapena kuteteza ana. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo odabwitsa komanso chifukwa chakuti amapanga mawu osokosera akamva kuwopsa, anthu ambiri amawopa. Komabe, choopsa chachikulu chomwe amabweretsa kwa anthu ndikuluma kwawo pakudziteteza.

Phalax kangaude kumakhala moyo wokongola, motero sikulimbikitsidwa ngati chiweto. Moyo wosasunthika nthawi zina umatsogolera kangaudeyu kupita kunyumba ndi nyumba zina. Palibe chifukwa chaphokoso, kotero kuti arachnid ikhoza kuyikidwa mumtsuko ndikukutengera kumsewu. Palibe kufa komwe komwe komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakuluma, koma chifukwa cha minofu yolimba ya chelicera, amatha kupanga bala lalikulu kwambiri, losalala momwe matenda angayambire. Mtundu umodzi wokha wa Rhagode nigrocinctus uli ndi poizoni, koma kuluma kwake sikuvulaza anthu.