Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Aang'ono nkhuku kukula ngati nkhunda, kutalika thupi 29-31 masentimita, mapiko a 45-48 masentimita, kulemera 310-600 g, thupi kuzungulira, yaying'ono, khosi lalifupi. Nthawi zambiri chimasungidwa mobisalira pansi mu udzu wautali kapena pakati pa zitsamba. Imayenda makamaka pamapazi, kuthamanga mosavuta mu udzu wandiweyani. Ntchentche monyinyirika. Ndege yake ndi yaphokoso, ndikusinthana mwachangu ndi kukonzekera mwachangu.

Kufotokozera. Ndili ndi utoto wamba wamitundu yambiri, mchirawo ndi wofiyira, womwe umawoneka bwino kwambiri mbalame zouluka. Wamphongo wamkulu atavala zovala zakumaso akuwonetsa mawonekedwe ofiira pakhosi ndi masaya, mosiyana ndi imvi ya khosi, mikwingwirima ya bulauni m'mbali, komanso malo owoneka ngati kakhosi pamimba, akuwoneka bwino mbalame ikagwira mutu wake, mwachitsanzo, nkhawa. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, mtundu wake si wowala.

Akazi ndi ofanana ndi amphongo, koma akhungu, "kavalo" wakuda samawonetsedwa kapena kulibe. Mbalame zazing'ono zimapakidwa utoto wamtambo ndi wa bulauni popanda kutchulidwa mawanga ofiira kapena amdima, ofiira owala okha mchala. Anapiyewo amakutidwa ndi chikasu chachikasu ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda ndi milozo yayitali pamutu ndi mbali yakumtunda ya thupi, fluff kumbuyo kwa mutu, korona ndi kumbuyo kwa msana ndi tint yofiyira. Ndizosiyana ndi Keklik poyerekeza mtundu wake ndi miyendo yake, "kansalu wakuda" pamimba, masaya ofiira ndi pakhosi, mikwingwirima ndi yotuwa, osati yakuda.

Mawu. Amuna ndi akazi nthawi zambiri amafalitsa buku loti "monosyllabic"chirr"Kapena, kapena syllable?"chirrek».

Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Kugawidwa m'nkhalango, m'nkhalango komanso malo opondera ku Europe ndi Atlantic kuchokera kugombe la Atlantic kumadzulo kupita ku Mongolia kummawa, kumpoto kupita ku Scandinavia, kumwera mpaka ku Mediterranean. Kuyambitsidwa ku North America. Ku Russia Russia, malire akumpoto kwa malowa amadutsa ku Leningrad, kumpoto kwa dera la Arkhangelsk, Republic of Karelia ndi Komi. Osati ambiri, nthawi zina wamba. Chiwerengero cha anthu osinthasintha chikuyenda mosinthasintha. Paokha, amakhala moyo wongokhala, nthawi zina amayenda maulendo ataliatali.

Moyo. Amakongoletsa minda yamaluwa yokongoletsedwa ndi zomwera. Amakhala m'minda yosiyidwa, malo okhala ndi zitsamba za kusefukira kwa mitsinje, kunja kwa malo okhala. Kunja kwa nyengo yoswana, nthawi zambiri zimakonda kuweta nkhosazo mwa anthu 5-20, nthawi zina magulu oyendayenda amaphatikiza mazana a mbalame. Nthawi zambiri amatenga timiyala ndi mchenga m'misewu yofunikira pakupera chakudya cha masamba oyaka m'mimba, nthawi iyi nthawi zambiri chimagwira diso. M'nyengo yozizira, usikuwo amakhala m'maenje a chipale chofewa, kapena popanda chipale, amagundana. Mbalame za monogamous, magulu awiriawiri amapangira gulu kumapeto kwa dzinja, kenako amagawidwa m'magawo. Pazomwe zikuchitika padziko lapansi ndikuyimira mwambo wamatsenga ndikuwonetsa, wamkazi amatenga nawo mbali.

Chisa mwa mawonekedwe a dzenje laling'ono, lopindika mosamala, masamba ndi nthenga za nkhuku, ili pansi pa chitsamba, mamiseche, udzu ndi zina zotero. Clutch nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mazira 12-5 monophonic opepuka; mazira pafupifupi 28 amadziwika. Yaikazi imalowetsa chokha, ndipo alondawo achimuna amalondera chisa. Onse makolo amayendetsa anapiye. Pakatha chaka, amaberekanso ana kamodzi. M'chaka chonse, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zobiriwira. M'nyengo yozizira, imadyera makamaka pamasamba ndi zimayambira za chimanga chazizira, komanso mbewu za mbewu zosiyanasiyana. M'nyengo yotentha, tizilombo timakhala ndi gawo lalikulu m'zakudya za akuluakulu ndi anapiye.

Kufotokozera kwa Gray Partridge

Partridge ndi mbalame yaying'ono komanso yokongola kwambiri. Amalemera 0,5 kg zokha. Magawo okhala ndi imvi. Sanaphunzire kuuluka bwino, ndipo sakhala pamitengo yamitengo. Koma, ndiye iwo amathamanga mwangwiro mu udzu wamtali ndi nkhokwe.

Mbalame zikungokhala, osawuluka nthawi yachisanu. Zimaswana ndikukhala m'malo omwewo, kuphatikiza nyengo yozizira. Angachoke mnyumba zawo kukangofunafuna chakudya. Ndi zokhala bwino sankhani malo a udzu, minda, m'nkhalango zazing'ono, zitsamba ndi nkhalango.

Kodi magawo amadya chiyani?

Magawo ambiri amadya mbewu za masamba, zitsamba zosiyanasiyana, zipatso, ndi chimanga. Koma, zimachitika kuti zakudya zawo zimapangidwanso ndi masamba, mbewu.

Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, asanafike chimanga, mbalame zimatha kudya mphutsi, nkhono, tizilombo. Mbewu zisanakhwime, tizilombo, tambiri kwambiri pakadali pano, timalowa pakudya cha anapiye.

Kuswana kwa phala

Zisa za Partridge zimakonzedwa m'minda, m'maphala, m'malo omwe mulibe anthu. Pachisa, chachikazi chimayala 15 mpaka 25 testicles. Makulidwe awo amakhala masiku 25. Anapiye a phala amawonekera nthawi zambiri amakhala olimba, kuyambira masiku oyamba amathamanga mwachangu mu udzu wamtali.

Pafupifupi pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, anapiye am'madzi am'madzi amawuluka kale m'malo osiyanasiyana. Amuna amateteza zazikazi ndi maumoni kwa adani, kutenthetsa anapiye ang'ono. Amadzidyetsa okha, kusuntha zoweta, amadzifunira okha chakudya pamodzi ndi makolo awo.

Kodi magawo ang'onoang'ono bwanji nthawi yozizira?

Pofika nthawi yophukira, ma parade amasonkhana m'magulu a anthu 15 mpaka 30, ndipo amakhalabe pomwepo mpaka nthawi yachisanu. Koma nthawi yozizira ndiyeso yovuta kwambiri kwa mbalame. Panthawi imeneyi, zimawavuta kupeza chakudya.

Pakakhala chisanu chambiri ndipo thaw ikayamba, ndiye kuti chipale chofundirachi chimakutidwa ndi kutumphuka kwa ayezi (ayezi). Magawo sangadzipezere chakudya ndipo ambiri a iwo amwalira.

Kodi kusaka magawo?

Kusaka kwa Partridge kumachitika nthawi yachilimwe-yophukira nthawi, nthawi zambiri, limodzi ndi kusaka kwina komwe kumaloledwa nthawi imeneyo. Ambiri amasaka mbalame ndi agalu. Mphepo zimamva mbalame mu udzu, mulifupi, zimawonetsa malo omwe kuli, chifukwa chake, nthawi iliyonse yomwe muyenera kukhala okonzeka kuwombera.

Magawo amachoka mwachangu, motero palibe nthawi yokwanira kuti tioneke. Pakusaka koteroko, gwiritsani ntchito nambala 5. 5. Mbalame zimakonda kuuluka kwa mamita 300. Zikuchitika kuti mbali zina zimawuluka, ndiye kuti zimayenera kupezeka mothandizidwa ndi agalu.

Pakadali pano, akubisala mu udzu, ndipo mutha kuyandikira pafupi nawo. Ngati magawo atakhala malo amodzi, muyenera kuwapatsa theka la ola kuti atonthole. Ngati simunawaphe, ndiye kuti adzuluka popanda kukuwombani.

Kusaka kwa Partridge ndikotheka popanda agalu. Komabe, muyenera kudziwa malo awo okhala. Ndipo kudutsa m'minda, maula ndi maudzu amafunika kukhala okonzeka kuwombera nthawi zonse. Partridge ndi mbalame yothandiza, ndipo imapanga chithunzithunzi chabwino.

Koma, nthawi yomweyo, osaka amakakamizidwa kupulumutsa mbalame zokongola izi osazipeza kuti ziziposa zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimafunikira kuyika chakudya kuti zizidyetsa. Palibe fulu, nthenga!

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mbalame

Kodi phala limawoneka bwanji:

• mutu wochepa wamtambo wakuda,
• masaya ndi chifuwa chowoneka chofiirira chikasu,
• ozungulira thupi wokhala ndi maulusi amtambo wamtambo komanso mawonekedwe amdima kumbuyo,
• pamimba "yapakidwa" ndi kachidutswa kakapangidwe kama kavalo,
• Pali mikwingwirima ya bulauni m'mbali za thupi,
• nthenga zampira zafiyira
• miyendo ndi mulomo zili zakuda pafupifupi kuda,
• kutalika kwa thupi 28−33 cm
• kulemera kwa mbalameyo ndi 300-450 gr.,
• mapiko kuyambira 45 mpaka 49 cm.

Kukula kwachichepere ndikosavuta kuzindikira ndi mikwingwirima yakuda m'thupi. Kuwala kwamapulogalamu achikazi ndikofatsa kuposa amuna. Sizachabe kuti mbalame zimatchedwa nkhuku zamtchire. Mutha kuzindikira madera omwe phokoso limakhazikitsidwa ndi mbalamezi: kuwunda kwa akazi kuli kofanana ndi kuwombera kwa nkhuku zoweta, ndipo "kuluma" kwa abambo kumakhala kofanana ndi kuyimba kwa tambala.

Zithunzi: grey partridge (zithunzi 25)

Habitat

Malo omwe nkhuku zamtchire zimakhala ku Europe, Asia Minor, Siberia yaku Western, Karelia, Middle Urals, Altai, ndi Uzbekistan. Mbalame imakhazikika kumapondapake, chifukwa chake gawo lambiri limatchedwa kuti steppe (munda). Mbalameyi imapezekanso m'nkhalango, m'zipululu, m'mapiri. Minda ya chimanga, kudula mitengo, ma moorlands - okondedwa kwambiri ndi nkhuku.

Makhalidwe ndi machitidwe

Partridge Partridge amakhala malo amodzi, salola kusamuka. Mikhalidwe yokhayo yomwe imapangitsa kuti mbalamezi ziziyenda. Mwachitsanzo, kusowa kwa chakudya kapena choopseza moyo. Kusintha kwachilengedwe kumakhudza mphamvu yamanjenje zamtchire zamtchire. Mbalame zimachita manyazi, zimachita mantha.

Mbalame zimatha nthawi yozizira ndi nthawi yophukira ikusanyika m'mabusa, ndipo nthawi yophukira imakhala magulu awiriawiri pakubzala. Awiriwo amasankha malo okhala ndipo mwamunayo amasamala mosamala "chuma cha banja". Mbalame zogwira ntchito m'mawa ndi madzulo, ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikusaka chakudya. Usiku ndi usana nthawi ya mbalameyi imakhala m'malo obisika, ikabisala kwa adani.

Popeza mtundu wamtengowu sufuna kuuluka, mbalame zimayesetsa kuchita mwakachetechete komanso mwakachetechete kuti zisafike pamaso pa adani. Ikawopsezedwa ndi adani, nkhuku imawulukira kutalika pang'ono ndipo, ikuuluka mtunda wautali mita mazana angapo, mwaluso imabisala kuthengo kapena udzu. Mbalamezo zimasunthira m'malo, zikuuluka nthawi ndi nthawi kuti ziziuluka pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, magawo omwe ali ndi miyendo yolimba ndi minofu yolimba yothamanga.

Malo odziwika komwe magawo amakhala hibernate. Chisanu chakugwa chisanalowe, nkhuku zopondaponda zimagona usiku, zikusokera m'magulu a anthu 5-10. "Makampani" oterowo amabisala m'malo otsika ndi zitsamba zowuma, komwe kulibe mphepo ndipo mutha kusunga kutentha. Pambuyo pakugwa chipale chofewa, nkhuku zam'munda zimadzigulira mabedi otseguka okha. Mbalame zochepa zimagona pabedi, zikuwotha moto. Ngati chipale chofewa chikuuluka, ndiye kuti mbalame zimagona usiku umodzi. M'mawonekedwe a chipale chofewa, nkhuku imakumba tunchi yeniyeni ndi chipinda chogona kumapeto, komwe imagona usiku mwachikondi ndi chitetezo.

Partridge - mbalame yomwe sindimakonda kuuluka

Partridge - Mbalame yodziwika kwambiri. Dzinalo mu zilankhulo zonse za Asilavo limatanthawuza mbalame yofanana ndi nkhuku. Imakhala ku Eurasia ndipo idayambitsidwa ku America. Alenje anasamalira kusunthira kwa mbalamezi kupita ku America. Iwo ali ndi chidwi makamaka ndi mbalame yosawoneka iyi.

Chikhalidwe cha padziko lapansi sichidaphule kanthu. Nthano yakale yachi Greek imatiuza za Daedalus yemwe anali katswiri wopanga mapulani. Anaponya wophunzira kuchokera ku mwala womwe umamuyendera bwino. Koma mnyamatayo sanamwalire. Athena adasandutsa gawo. Kukumbukira kugwa uku, makwerero samakonda kuuluka kwambiri ndikukhala pansi nthawi yayitali.

Zopatsa Thanzi ndi Kubereka

Kodi magawo amadya chiyani?. Maziko a chakudya cha mbalame ndi zomera: mbewu, mizu, inflorescence. Ngakhale nkhuku zam'munda sizikukana nsikidzi, mbozi, akangaude ndi mphutsi. Miyendo yolimba yokhala ndi zibwano zakuthwa imakupatsani mwayi womasulira dothi lapamwamba ndikupeza chakudya.

Nthawi yachisanu ndizovuta kwambiri kukhalapo; kupeza chakudya pansi pa chisanu sichovuta. Chifukwa chake, makola oyendayenda, akusochera, kukhala pafupi ndi malo okhala. Mbewu zotsalira m'munda mutatha kukolola zimathandizira mbalamezo kupulumuka.

Kuswana. Nyengo yokhadzula ya nkhuku za steppe imayamba mu Epulo kapena Meyi, kutengera nyengo. Amuna ndi akazi ndi akazi okha, okwatirana amapangidwa kwa moyo wonse. Wamphongo, atatsegula maula, amavinitsa gule wofanana ndi "akhwangwala". Mkazi woyamba, yemwe amakopa chidwi cha amuna, ndikukhala osankhidwa.

Awiriwa adakhoma udzu wautali pafupi ndi zitsamba zowirira ndi pafupi ndi mitengo. Makolo amtsogolo amafunira chisacho mosamala nthenga ndi pansi, masamba, udzu wofewa. Mbalame ndizambiri. Akazi amatha kuikira mazira 12-25 nthawi. Nthochi zimakhala ndi moyo wopulumuka kwambiri.

Magulu awiriawiri amtundu wabwino amakhala mabanja achitsanzo chabwino. Wamphongo amatenga nawo mbali iliyonse yaing'onoting'ono kuchokera pakutchingira mazira mpaka kudyetsa, komanso amateteza ana ake. Zidani zikagwera, yamphongo imenya kwambiri, imakhala yokonzeka kuteteza achikazi ndi anapiyewo, ngakhale zitataya moyo wake. Ana amakula mwachangu kwambiri. Amafika pakukula kwa munthu wamkulu pakatha miyezi 4. Mbalameyi imayamba kukhwima pofika miyezi 12.

Adani a nkhuku zachilengedwe

Magawo amakhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka 10. Chifukwa cha nyama yokoma komanso chosasamala pokonza nkhuku zodyetsa ziweto zimaswana nkhuku. Kuthengo, chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa chakudya komanso adani ambiri, kutalika kwa mbalamezo kumakhala kochepa zaka 4-5 zokha. Nkhuku zakuthengo zikuwopsezedwa ndi:

• mbalame zodya nyama: gyrfalcons, kadzidzi, nkhanu,
• zilombo zazing'ono komanso zapakati: nkhandwe, zala, nkhandwe za arctic, martens,
• Amphaka ndi makoswe zimawopseza pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu.

Momwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mitundundi kusaka ndi ntchito za anthu.

Vocalization

Madera agalu amayang'ana malo omwe ali ndi chakudya chokoma m'makola, ndipo akapeza, amapanga "guk-guk-guk" kumakumbutsa nkhuku zokhota. Mapulogalamu omwe alondedwawo amafalitsa “ku-kut-kut”. Pa ntchentche, nkhuku zamtchire zowopsa zimafuula "chip-chip, chip-chip-kipipipip". Kwa amuna, komanso akazi, chomwe chimadziwika kwambiri ndi chilimbikitso, chomwe chimawoneka ngati "chirr" kapena "chirric". Nthawi zambiri, abambo amatulutsa chilimbikitsochi, kutalika kwake - ichi ndi chizindikiro cha malo komanso chowopseza mdani. Amphongo nthawi yakubereketsa, akugwiritsitsa malo awo, nthawi zambiri amalira mofuula kuti "kierr-kek", pomwe akazi nthawi imeneyo amatulutsa "pit-pit-pit-pit". Anapiye onse achimuna ndi achimuna amayitanidwa ndi mitundu yayikulu yakumbuyo, kukumbutsa nkhuku, koma ndi mawu omaliza kumapeto kwa phokoso lililonse. Yaikazi, yowopsa pachidacho, imatha kulira modabwitsa.

Mapiri ndi mtundu wonse wa mbalame zomwe zimadziwika ndi dzina loti Perdix. Mitundu ndi gawo la banja la pheasant. Mu ubale ndi zigawo ndi ma turkeys, pheasants, peacocks. mbalame zapakhomo, galu wakuda, ndiye nkhuku zonse.

Ambiri amagawidwa ku banja la pheasant, subfamily ofridge

• Partridge - mtundu womwe umaphatikizapo subspecies 8. Dzina lake la taxonomic ndi Perdix Perdix. Ichi ndiye gawo wamba kwambiri.

• Zimbudzi za ku Tibetan ku Central Asia. Mawonedwe ake ali ndi mitundu itatu. Dzina lasayansi la mitunduyo ndi Perdix hodgsoniae.

• Bearded phala - kunja kumafanana ndi gawo la imvi. Zoweta ku Siberia ndi Manchuria. Malingaliro agawika pawiri. Dongosolo dzina ndi Perdix dauricae.

• Keklik kapena phala lomwe limakhala lalitali kwambiri ndi utoto wa phulusa. Mlomo ndi mawondo ndi ofiira.

• Gawo la chipululu lokhala ndi mtundu wa maula ndizofanana kwambiri ndi kapu, koma imakhala yapinki. Zowoneka pamapiko zimakulowera mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera.

• Shrub phala. Mbalame yapakatikati yapakati imakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni, wokhala ndi maonekedwe okongola komanso mawonekedwe akuda akuda, bulauni ndi zonona m'mphepete ndi kumbuyo kwakuda.

• Bamboo gawo. Wocheperako pang'ono ndi satorphism yotchulidwa pakugonana. Makanema okongola mumtundu wakuda, bulauni ndi zonona.

• Shportsevaya. Ili ndi nthenga zofiirira, yayimuna imakhala ndi utoto wowala pang'ono, ndikupyola kachitsulo. Pa tambalala.

• Chovala cha chipale chofewa chimakhala ndi mikwaso yakuda ndi yoyera mpaka mutu. Mlomo ndi wofiyira.

• Madagascar. Pachilumbachi, mbalameyo imakhala yayikulu kwambiri, zazimuna ndi zotuwa, zazimuna ndizokulirapo ndi zowuluka zambiri.

• Wokhota kapena wowaza. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mtundu wosadziwika. Thupi limakhala lakuda ndi lamtambo mwa amuna komanso zobiriwira zazikazi. Chikhulupiriro chiri pamutu.

Mwa gawo lalikulu kwambiri la imvi, malo okhalamo zachilengedwe ndi onse ku Europe ndi West Asia. Mtunduwu walowetsedwa kumayiko ena. Kwakhala kufalikira ku Canada, United States, South Africa, Northern Australia ndi Tasmania.

Grouse subfamily, mtundu wa phala:

• Gule. M'nyengo yotentha, imachita imvi, koma yambiri ndiyoyera, nsidze ndi zofiirira. Mu kasupe amakhala wofiirira, ndipo ma plamu ena onse ndi oyera ngati chipale. Ponseponse, mbalameyo imasinthira kuchuluka kwake katatu pachaka

• Tundra. Zowonjezera zazimuna zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nthenga zakuda zofiirira zakumaso kumutu ndi mapewa.M'chilimwe, imvi zowala ndi mikwingwirima ndi mawanga. M'nyengo yozizira, yoyera, yamphongo ndi chingwe chakuda kudzera m'maso, mkaziyo alibe.

• Zoyera-zoyera, maonekedwe ngati a gawo loyera, kusiyana mchira woyera.

Woyang'anira gulu la imvi

Mbalame yotsalira imafunikira chisamaliro ndi chitetezo cha munthu, komabe, mbalameyo sinalembedwe mu Buku Lofiyira. Akatswiri a zamankhwala amati nkhuku zamtunduwu ndi gawo lachisanu, ndiye kuti, mwa mtundu womwewokha womwe umabwezeretsa ziwerengero zake. Chonde cha mbalame chimapulumutsa mitunduyi kuti isafafanizidwe. Mphamvu ya nkhuku kuti iikire mazira oposa 20 nthawi imodzi ndiyopadera kwambiri.

Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri, magulu a nkhuku zakuthengo ndi ochepa, pafupifupi 30-40 payekhapayekha. Tsoka ilo, ngakhale ndi fecundity yayikulu, pali kutsika kwamphamvu kwa chiwerengero cha mbalame. Choyimira chikukhudzidwa osati nyengo zokha ndi nyengo nyengo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mchere, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ankhanza mu agronomy. Feteleza wogwiritsa ntchito panthaka, zinthu zopopera zopopera mbewu m'minda ya mkate, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowopsa kwa mbalame.

Monga njira zachilengedweCholinga chokonzera kubwezeretsanso zachilengedwe, zotsatirazi zikuchitika:

• choletsa kusaka nkhuku zakuthengo,
• Minda ya chimanga simakololedwa kwathunthu, kusiya makutu a pristine pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi zitsamba,
• gwiritsani feteleza wokhathamira komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo,
• konzani kugwidwa kwa nyama zosochera, kuwononga makoswe.

Partridge grey amatanthauza mbalame zomwe, popanda kuzikulitsa, zakhala pafupi ndi anthu kwazaka zambiri. Kupulumuka komanso kutukuka kwa mitundu ya nyama zimadalira zochita za anthu.

Komwe kumakhala

Pakukhala, phala limasankha magawo omwe ali otseguka kwambiri ndi minda ndi mitsinje, mitengo, mapondedwe. Mbalameyi imakonda pamene pali malo ambiri okhalamo ndioyenda momasuka, chifukwa chake zisa zake sizipezeka malo obzala kapena kuthengo kwa nkhalango. Izi ndizolumikizidwa ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi - Partridge amasankha minda yomwe muli ndi mbewu za buckwheat, oats ndi mapira.

Partridge grey amakhala kumadera ambiri ku Europe; Amatha kuwona ku Canada ndi North America. Malo okhala mbalame mwachilengedwe amadziwika kuti ndi madera akumwera kwa Western Siberia ndi Kazakhstan.

Partridge imvi imagawidwa kuchokera ku Britain Isles ndi kumpoto kwa Portugal kupita kumalire a Altai. Malire a kum'mawa kwa malo awo okhala ndi Mtsinje wa Ob. Kumpoto kwa gawo la ku Russia kwa Russia, mbalameyi imapezeka pafupifupi ku Nyanja Yoyera. Ku Western Siberia, mbalameyi imakhala zikhomo zoluma, zokhala ndi udzu wawutali komanso wandiweyani. Kummwera, zisa za phala zitha kuwoneka ku Transcaucasia, Central Asia ndi Tarbagatai. Ali kumpoto kwa Iran ndi Asia Minor.

Mapiri amakhala pafupi kum'mwera, m'malo opezekamo komanso malo opanda chipululu. Koma kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi kumpoto, komwe nthawi zambiri chipale chambiri chimagwera, mbalame zimakakamizidwa kuuluka kumapiri a Ciscaucasia, kumwera kwa Ukraine, ndi Central Asia. Magawo a Grey nthawi zina amapita ku Siberia ndi cholinga choti nthawi yachisanu azizizira. Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yophukira, mbalame zamtunduwu zimatha kupezeka m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Baikal, kumadzulo.

Moyo & Habitat

Mbali yayikulu pachaka, mbalame zimasungidwa m'magulu, m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe nthawi zambiri amapanga mozungulira ana osagwedezeka. Kulumikizana kumadziwika ndi gulu. Mbalame zimapulumuka usiku wozizira utazunguliridwa. Mukamadyetsa nkhosa ndi kupumira masana, mbalame imodzi kapena awiri ali pantchito, yang'anani momwe zinthu ziliri.

Mapiri - mbalame zokhala pansi. Nkhosa zawo nthawi zina zimasinthana ndi gawo la chisa. Zomwe zimasunthidwa zimatha kukhala zochulukirapo m'derali. Izi zimachitika ndi bwino kulima ambiri ana.

Nyengo yachisanu yozizira imakupangitsani kugunda mumsewu. Magawo okhala kumapiri amakonda kukhala m'malo otsika nthawi yachisanu. Kutukuka kwamagawo, zochitika zaumunthu zimakakamiza mbalame kuti ziziyenda.

Magawo sakonda kuuluka. Nthawi yambiri amakhala padziko lapansi. Amakwera mlengalenga pokhapokha pangozi. Palibe machitidwe abwino kwambiri aerodynamic omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi phokoso lomwe limatsatana ndi kunyamuka kwawo. Mukakwera ndikukwera ndege, kusinthasintha mwachangu komanso kosasinthasintha ndikusintha.

Kutha kuwuluka, kuthamanga kwambiri pansi ndikubisala bwino sikupereka chitetezo chamtunda. Onse omwe amadyera, kuyambira amphaka mpaka ankhandwe ndi mimbulu, amayendayenda m'minda kufunafuna zisa ndi gulu la malo. Olimbana nawo okhala ndi zida - zakuba, ma buzzards, ma loonies - si owopsa kuposa nthaka.

Kuphatikiza pa zilombo zolusa, magawo ena amakhala ndi mphamvu nthawi yozizira. M'malo okhala ndi chipale chofewa komanso chisanu nthawi yozizira imasungidwa m'matumba. Amapezeka pafupi ndi minda yachisanu, m'mphepete mwa madamu, m'nkhalango zamtchire. Gulu la nkhosa limatha kudyetsa gawo lalikulu. km

M'nthawi yopanda chipale chofewa, magawo amayendayenda mgulu lamagulu ogonera kuti akakhalitse. Tapanikizana kwambiri. Amapanga mbalame zozungulira, zomwe mitu yake imawongoka kunjaku. Kusintha kumeneku kumapereka mpata kuti alamu iwaluke anthu onse nthawi imodzi.

Panthawi ya chipale chofewa, mbalame iliyonse imakonzedwa mosiyana. Amakhala usiku wonse m'chipinda cha chipale chofewa. Panali nthawi zina pamene magawo amayenda pansi pa chipale chofunda. Amakhoma ndima ndipo adapanga malo ogona mu chisanu.

Nyengo yozizira, chilimwe chouma, malo okhala ndi nyama zokhala ndi zowetchera ndizowopsa panjira yamoyo. Zachilengedwe zapeza njira: mbalame yodyera imagonjetsa malo pansi pa nthaka ndi chonde komanso kukula kwa ana msanga.

Zolemba

• Madge S., McGowan P., Kirwan G. M.
  Ma Pheasants, Partridges, ndi Grouse: Upangiri wopita ku ma Pheasants, Madera, Quails, Grouse, Guineafowl, Buttonquails, ndi Sandgrouse of the World. - Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002 .-- 488 p. - ISBN 0-7136-3966-0. (eng.)
• Kurochkin E.N.
  Mbalame za ku Central Asia ku Pliocene // Tr. kuphatikiza Sov.-Mong. paleont. ulendo 1985. Kutulutsa. 26.S. 1-119.
• Zelenkov N.V., Kurochkin E.N.
  Neogene pheasant Central Asia. 2. Nkhani ya genera Perdix, Plioperdix ndi Bantamyx // Paleontological, 2009, Na. 3, p. 79-86.
• Kozlova E.V.
  Mbalame zam'mapiri apakati komanso zipululu za Central Asia. Zotsatira za ZIN. T. 59.L., 1975.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Ku Northern Hemisphere, m'malo omwe kumatentha kwambiri, nyengo yakukhwima imayamba muFebruary. Amuna amakhala adamulowetsa. Sankhani malo a zisa zamtsogolo. Ayamba kulankhula. Khalidwe laukwati limakhala ndi momwe mayendedwe akuchitika, mayendedwe ndi phokoso.

Kukhazikika kumakhala pang'onopang'ono. Omwe adapanga mgwirizanowu nyengo yathayo ndipo adakhalapobe mpaka nthawi yanyengo yatsopano, nthawi zambiri amapanga banja kachiwiri. Woyambitsa kusankha bwenzi ndi wamkazi.

Chisankho sichikhala chomaliza nthawi zonse. Posakhala ndi nthawi yopanga, awiriwo amathetsa, mkaziyo amasankha mnzake watsopano. Mu gulu, gawo la amuna limasiyidwa popanda awiri. Amalumikizana ndi magulu ena a mbalame. Komwe njira yosankhayo sinamalizidwe.

Pambuyo pakupanga kwa awiriwo, kuyambukira kumapita kwa mwamunayo. Amasamalira kuwonongeka kwa gawo lomwe chisa chiyenera kukhalapo. Amakonzekera nkhondo ndi ochita nawo mpikisano. Kusamalira wamkazi. Akumanga chisa chovuta kwambiri panthawiyi. M'malo mwake, ili ndi dzenje pansi m'malo otetezedwa, lomwe limapangika ngati mbale ndi mulifupi wa 17-20 cm, kuya kwa 5-8 masentimita ndipo lakutidwa ndi udzu wouma.

Zimatenga pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kupangira awiriawiri ndi chibwenzi. Kuyambira mu Epulo, kutulutsa mbalame kumachitika. Kukopera kumatha ndi zomangamanga. Partridge amayikira mazira 10 mpaka 18. Akatswiri a Ornithologists amalemba zochitika za ubwamuna wokhala ndi zidutswa 25 kapena zingapo. Mazira a Partridge ofanana ndi kukula kwa mbalameyo: mbali yayitali ndi 4 cm, mbali yayifupi ndi 3 cm.

Mkazi amakhala akuchita makulitsidwe. Incubation imatha patatha masiku 23-26. Mikwingwirima imawoneka nthawi yomweyo, patangopita maola ochepa. Kuphuka posachedwa mawonekedwe atakonzeka kusuntha. Amayi amatenga anapiye kutali ndi kwawo. Wamphongo amalowa nawo. Patatha ola limodzi, banjali ndi 100-200 mita kuchokera pachisa ndipo silibwerera konse.

Pakatha sabata, anapiye amayamba kuwuluka, m'masabata awiri kuti aziuluka mtunda wautali. Ngakhale akukula mwachangu, ana, monga mgwirizano, amapitilira mpaka kugwa, ndipo nthawi zina, mpaka nthawi yachisanu. Itha kukhala ngati gulu loyambira gulu latsopano.

Kufotokozera kwamakhalidwe

Gray Gray - mbalame yosangalatsa komanso yosamala. Amakhala ndi mantha atali kutali. Oimira awa a banja la pheasant ndi amtendere. Amuna amawonetsa mkwiyo pokhapokha nyengo yakukhwima kapena kuteteza chisa chawo. Mabanja a Partridge ali olimba modabwitsa. Wokhala ndi - makolo osamala komanso odekha, osamalira komanso kuteteza banja lalikulu, kuchuluka kwake komwe kungafikire anapiye 15. Mmodzi wa makolo akamwalira, winayo sangasiye mwana. Magawo amakhala osadzikonda. Amatenga ana amasiye am'mapiko awo kuti atenge mapiko awo.

Adani okhala m'malo akuthawa

Mtundu wa gawo la imvi nyama zonse zodya nyama. M'madera akumpoto, amawopsezedwa ndi mimbulu, nkhandwe za arctic, mbalame zazing'onoting'ono zapakatikati (gyrfalcons, peregrine falcons, ow ow). Kumagawo akum'mwera, mapiri amasakidwa ndi nthenga, nkhandwe, nthumwi za mabanja apakati achikati ndi nyama zazikuluzikulu zokhala ndi mbewa (kites, chiwombankhanga, kadzidzi wa mphungu). Agalu osochera amatha kuwononga kwambiri mbalame.

Kuteteza kwa grouse kwa adani ndi mtundu wa maula, kuwaphimba bwino mu udzu ndi zitsamba, komanso nzeru zachilengedwe. Pakakhala ngozi, mbalameyo imamasula. Ngati mdaniyo wazindikira kuti akumenyedwa ndi kumuukira, nthawi yomweyo amachoka.

Pazovuta zoyipa, malo oyamba amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira yambiri ya chipale chofewa komanso chilala nyengo yotentha. Izi zimatha kupha mbalame.. Cholinga chakusowa kwa mbalame ndizothandizidwanso (kuphatikiza minda ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo).

Partridge Hunt

Ngakhale kukula kwa mbalameyo komanso njira zovuta kuzitsata, kusaka kwa phala - zosangalatsa zodziwika bwino. Mitundu iwiri ya kusaka ndi yodziwika: ndi galu komanso kuchokera ku njira.

M'njira zonsezi, mlenje amaganizira za momwe amapangidwira tsiku lililonse. Atakhala usiku, mbalame zimapita kumalo othirira kapena chakudya cham'mawa. Mapatawa amakonda kudya m'minda yomwe tirigu, chinangwa kapena mapira amatuta. Pakati pa tsiku, namsongole amapumula nthawi yomweyo m'munda kapena kuwuluka kukabisala mu udzu wautali. Masana amadyanso, pambuyo pake amagona.

Ku Europe, pali mwambo wosaka nyama yonse, komwe galu amangofunafuna ndikubweretsa masewera owombera. Nthawi zambiri kuwombera koteroko kwa mbalame kumakhala kodzaza komanso kaphokoso. Kuwombera kambiri kumabweretsa zinsinsi zambiri.

Pa chikhalidwe cha ku Russia, anthu awiri amatenga nawo mbali posaka magawo: bambo ndi galu. Kusewera mutu, wapolisi akuyenera kuwonetsa luso lake lonse. Ndi zigzags zazikulu, iye amawunikira gawo. Kumenya mbalame, kumayima. Polamulidwa ndi mlenje amafusitsa gululo. Magawo amadzuka ndi phokoso. Mlenje yemwe sanadutsidwe amatha kupeza misempha yoyenera pakadali pano.

Gulu silingatenge zonse. Anthu angapo amatha kukayikira ndikuuka pambuyo pake. Chifukwa chake, mfuti itatha kuwombera koyamba iyenera kubwezeretsedwanso. Ngakhale atawombera, mbalame zazing'ono zoopsa sizimawulukira patali ndipo zimatha kugweramo theka la kilomita kuchokera kwa osaka. Kuwaleketsa, mutha kupitiliza kusaka ndi kuwombera.

Galu ndilofunika osati kungodziwa ndi kukweza mbalame kumapiko. Simungapeze nyama zovulala popanda iye. Kusaka kwodyera popanda galu kumatha kukhala kothandiza m'malo omwe mbalame ndi zochuluka. Kusaka njira sikuyenera kuchitika mu chisanu. Iwo amene amakonda kuyendetsa mbali m'mayendedwe awo akuwonetsa komwe angawapeze.

Kuphatikiza pa kusaka magawo ndi mfuti, pali njira zambiri zopanda magazi zogwirira mbalamezi. Kusodza ndi maukonde, misampha ndi malupu kumachitika. Njira za chilimwe ndi nyengo yozizira yogwira magawo osiyanasiyana ndizosiyana. Cholinga chachikulu chogwira mbalame ndi kubereka kwa phala. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa kuti zikhale m'malo atsopano.

Njira yosavuta yodziwira nsomba ndi paddock. Cholembera chimayikidwa. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi khola laling'ono lalitali ndi khomo lokwera. Chitseko chimakhazikika ndi chingwe chachitali. Nyambo imayikidwa mu khola. Kudikirira. Mbalame zikafika m'thirimo, mlenje amakoka chingwecho ndikukhomera nyambo.

Pazinthu zonse pamodzi, maukonde amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi mesh ya masentimita awiri, yopangidwa ndi ulusi wa kapron wolimba, mikono 200-300 kutalika, mita 7-8 mulifupi. Imapachikidwa pamatanda pamwamba pa nthaka. Gawo lakumunsi la netiwe limapindika, ndikupanga thumba lalikulu. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwasiyidwa pakati pa maukonde ndi nthaka. Ndiye kuti, wagwidwa phala, chinyama mwangozi wogwidwa pamalo a nsomba, amadutsa pansi pa ukonde momasuka.

Gulu lomwe limamenya limayenda kutali. Kuyesera kuweta gululo ndikuwongolera kuntchito. Zida zouluka zotsika zimagundana ndi msampha ndikugwera m'munsi mwa ukonde. Sungachokenso konse.

Buku lofiira

Magawo agulu ali m'gulu la 5; uwu ndi mtundu wokhala ndi chiombolo. Ichi ndichifukwa chonde cham'mphepete, zazikazi zomwe zimatha kubweretsa mazira oposa 20 nthawi imodzi. Ngati sichoncho, mitunduyo idzawonongedwa.

Ngakhale mbalamezi zimapezeka m'madera ambiri, kuchuluka kwa anthu m'masukulu ndikotsika, kuyambira 30 mpaka 40 madera. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa 2000-2003, anthu 1.6-2.6 pa mahekitala 100 aliwonse, ndipo mtsogolomo pali chizolowezi chotsitsa chizindikiro ichi.

Kuchulukana kwa mtundu wina kudera linalake kumachitika chifukwa cha nyengo komanso nyengo, mvula yamvula pachaka, kutukuka kwaulimi ndi feteleza wogwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa minda amakhala oopsa osati tizilombo komanso makoswe okha, komanso mbalame.

Ngakhale kukhathamira kwa gawo la imvi sikuthandizira kuti mitunduyi isawonongedwe.

Monga njira zomwe zingapewe kutayika kwa mitundu, zinthu zotsatirazi zimachitika:

• kusaka magawo ndi zoletsedwa kulikonse,
• Siyani mkate wopanda mafuta pafupi ndi zitsamba ndi mitsinje,
• gwira nyama zosokera.

Ngakhale kukhathamira kwa gawo la imvi sikuthandizira kuti mitunduyi isawonongedwe.

Kuswana kunyumba

Osatinso kanthu kuti liwu loti partridge limatanthawuza "mbalame yofanana ndi nkhuku". Mbalamezi zimalolera bwino nthawi yogwidwa. Kusavutikira, kuchulukitsidwa ndi zakudya za nyama ndi mazira, kumalimbikitsa zomwe zili m'madimba, m'mafamu a mabanja.

Choyambirira chomwe muyenera kuyambira kusunga mbalameyi ndi nkhuku, ndi yaviary. Kapangidwe kameneka kamagawika magawo awiri: chipinda chotsekedwa ndi denga komanso chosyanasiyana chomwe chimakutidwa ndi ukonde. Mukuyenda kumayenera kukhala ndi mitengo ya Khrisimasi, Magulu a udzu, mitolo ya udzu - chilichonse chomwe chingatenge malo okhala.

M'nyengo yozizira, chisakanizo cha chimanga, masamba osankhidwa, vitamini, michere yazowonjezera zam'madzi komanso nyama yowotcha zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya za mbalame. Partridge zapakhomo Ndi zipatso za zipatso za phulusa la mapiri, mabulosi, zipatso zam'mlengalenga zomwe zimatulutsa mitengo yozizira.

Pafupifupi kuphukira, poyembekeza kuyikira mazira, maphikidwe a parridge amathandizidwa ndi mavitamini othandizira, kaloti, nyama yamfupa ndi chakudya cham nsomba. Zowonjezera zofunika zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi calcium yambiri, monga choko.

Pofika mwezi wa Epulo-Meyi, zisa zimayikidwa mu nkhuku. Nthawi zambiri mabasiketi akale amakhala ndi udzu. Pakati pa msewu, m'mwezi wa Meyi, magawo amayika mazira awo ndikukhala zisa zawo. Pambuyo pa masiku 23-26, anapiye amatuluka. Pamapeto pa makulitsidwe, nkhuku ya ana yokhala ndi anapiyewo idayika khola lina.

Ngati ndi kotheka, ana omwe ali m'khola amayikidwa mumsewu, pakati pa udzu. Masiku awiri oyamba anapiye amadyetsedwa ndi mazira. Pambuyo pake, banja lonse limasinthidwa kupita ku chakudya chokhazikika chokhala ndi gawo lama protein. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, anapiyewo amawabwezera kumalo othandizira. Partridge adakhala zaka masauzande pafupi ndi anthu ndipo adakwanitsa kupulumuka. Chifukwa chake siwopusa monga momwe akuwonekera.

Mitundu ya Partridge: Kufotokozera kwamitundu

Banja limaphatikizapo mitundu isanu ya magawo.

1. Bearded (Daurian) phala.Malo ogawa - South Siberia, Altai, Mongolia, Northeast Tibet ndi China. Ili ndi miyeso yaying'ono komanso kulemera kwa 260-400 gr. Mtundu wake ndi wonyezimira. Timasiyanitsa bwino mawonekedwe a ndege kumbuyo. Mbalameyi idatchedwa dzina la nthenga zolimba zomwe zili pachibwano. Miyoyo pamalo otseguka, imakonda malo otsetsereka a mapiri, zigwa ndi mitsinje. Imawuluka kaŵirikaŵiri, sikhala ndi zisa pachitsamba ndi mitengo.
2. Gawo lofiirira. Kufalikira mokwanira ku gawo la Iberian Peninsula. Maonekedwewa amasiyana ndi magulu ena apansi. Mbali yakumbuyo ndi kumtunda kwa mutu ndi ya bulauni kapena ya bulauni. Nthenga ndizokongola, zakuda kumapeto. Maula achitsulo ndi ofiira owala. Kuthengo, mbalame zimakonda malo otetemera.
3. Sitimayi yogawa. Habitats - Pakistan, Tibet ndi Nepal. Iyi ndi mbalame yaying'ono yamtundu wakuda wokhala ndi mapiko a motley ndi mawere oyera. Imakhala pamtunda wamamita 4,000 pamwamba pa nyanja, m'malo otsetsereka kumapiri.
4. Gule. Amasiyana ndi mitundu yonse yamitundu yonse pakukhetsa kwake kumasintha mtundu. Amakhala ku North America ndi British Isles. Ku Russia, ogawidwa mdera la Sakhalin, Kamchatka ndi m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Baltic. Amakonzekeretsa tundra, nkhalango-tundra ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana. M'nyengo yotentha, magawo amakhala a bulauni. M'nyengo yozizira, atasungunuka, nthenga zawo zimasanduka zoyera.
5. Grey partridge. Amadziwikanso kuti stepep. Ndiwo mtundu wamba wamtundu wa partridge. Mbalameyi imawoneka ngati nkhuku yoweta. Miyoyo ku Eurasia.

Makhalidwe Abwino a Greridge

Partridge - mbalame yaying'ono. Ndiwocheperako pang'ono kuposa nkhunda. Imakhala mu udzu pakati pa zitsamba. Kuchokera kutali, wopanda tsitsi amawoneka ngati imvi, wopanda theka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mbalameyi ikhale yosaoneka bwino. Maulalo okongola amatha kusiyanasiyana pafupi.

Mbalame imayenda pamiyendo, imatha kuyenda mwachangu komanso mwachangu. Mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhala moyo wawo wonse ndikuyenda. Amagona pansi.

Partridge samawuluka kawirikawiri Ndi kungoyenda mtunda waufupi, makamaka pofufuza chakudya kapena pangozi. Imakwera ndikulira koopsa, imawuluka pansi, imagwirizanitsa mapulani okhala ndi mapiko ofupikira. Kuuluka kwa mbalame nthawi zonse kumayendetsedwa ndi phokoso lalikulu lopangidwa ndi nthenga. Chosangalatsa ndichinthu chamawu a phala. Phokoso lomwe limapangidwa ndi mbalameyo limafanana ndi kubaya ndi phokoso lalikulu lokhala ndi mawu okwera kumapeto. Mbalame zowawa, makamaka zazikazi pachisa, zitha kulira.

Miyeso ndi kapangidwe kake

Partridge imvi yokhala ndi thupi lozungulira laling'ono 30-35 masentimita. Akazi ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi amuna kukula komanso kulemera. Unyinji wa wamwamuna wamkulu ndi 360-550 gr, akazi ndi 300-520 gr. Kulemera kwa mbalamezi kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera komanso nyengo. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kum'mawa kwa kontrakitalayo ndizazikulu kuposa abale awo akumpoto, kumadokero na kumwera. Kuphatikiza apo, magawo amalimbitsa thupi pakugwa.

Mapiko a mbalame ndi yaying'ono - masentimita 45-50. Mapikowo ndi ayifupi (15-16 cm), wozungulira. Mchirawo ndi wamfupi (7-8 cm), wozungulira. Mapazi a kutalika kwapakatikati, osakhala opanda. Mbalame zilibe choterera. Mayendedwewo ndi 4 cm kukula.

Mapaundi

Partridge adalandira dzina lake kuchuluka kwa imvi. Tsatanetsatane wowala ndi zokongoletsera sizimunthu wake: pokhapokha kumbuyo komwe kuli mawonekedwe amdima. Pamwamba pamutu pali zofiirira, zokhala ndi zofiirira komanso mikweru yoyera. Mphumi, masaya ndi theka la khosi ndi zofiirira. Kumbuyo ndi chifuwa ndi imvi, yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopyapyala komanso madontho. Mimba ndi imvi yopepuka, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a bulauni ngati mawonekedwe a khola la akavalo. Mbali zake ndizokongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yayikulu yakuda. Nthenga za mchira wake ndi zofiira, zomera zoyera. Mlomo wa Partridge ndi wachikasu, miyendo ndi imvi yachikasu.

Zachikazi ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi zazimuna pamtundu wa zodzaza. Mtundu wa mutu wake sufiira ngati waimuna. Malo owoneka ngati akavalo pamimba amasonyezedwanso mofooka.

Molting

Partridge imvi imadula kawiri pachaka.

1. Kusuntha pang'ono mwaimuna kumachitika mu Meyi-June ndipo kumangokhala mutu ndi khosi. Mtundu wamtundu wamtunduwu wamkazi umatchedwa usanakwatirane, monga zimachitika mu Marichi ndi Epulo. M'malo mwake nthenga imakhala kumutu, mapewa ndi chifuwa chapamwamba.
2. Mukakhala ndi molt yonse, cholembera chonse chimasintha. Akuluakulu, nthawi imeneyi imayamba mu Julayi, atabadwa anapiye. Kusintha kwamapulogalamu kumatha mu Ogasiti okha.

Habitat

Kufalikira kwa Grridge mayiko ambiri a ku Europe. Kumpoto kuli Norway, Sweden, kumpoto kwa Finland, pakati komanso kum'mawa kwa Europe. Kumwera kuli Portugal, Italy, Greece ndi kumwera kwa France. Oimira mitunduyi amakhalanso m'dera la kumpoto kwa Iran, pakati pa Turkey ndi Kazakhstan. Ku Russia, malire akumpoto amayambira ku White Sea, kudutsa gawo la ku Europe la dzikolo, ndikupitilira kum'mwera kwa Siberia ndikumathera ku Khakassia.

Malo okhala gawo la imvi ndiwo nkhalango imagwa ndi tchire ndi maboti, mapiri ndi mapiri. Chifukwa chaichi, amatchedwanso steppe. Mkati mwa zaka za zana la 20 lino, akatswiri akuwonetsa zinyama ku Hungary adachita kafukufuku ndikupeza kuti 35% ya nthawi yomwe oyimilira a nkhuku amatenga nthawi yotetezedwa kwa mitengo ndi zitsamba, 65% - m'malo olimapo a mapilo, ndi minda ya rye kapena chimanga.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kwa magawo azitseko nthaka. Dothi la Clay ndilosavomerezeka kwa iwo. Mbalame zokhala ndi maonekedwe opambana zimakonda kukhala malo opezeka bwino. M'mapiri, mbalame zimatha kukhala pamalo otsetsereka pamalo okwera mpaka mikono 2,000 pamwamba pa nyanja.

Partridge ngati chinthu chosaka

Nyama ya Partridge ndi chakudya chokoma komanso chofunikira. Nthawi yosaka imatha kuyambira pa Julayi mpaka Novembala. Pali njira zingapo zopezera mbalame.

1. Ndi galu. Njira zabwino kwambiri zophera nsomba. Mitundu yoloza, komanso husky ndi spaniels, ndizoyenera izi. Mapulogalamu ali pafupifupi osawoneka mu udzu ndi zitsamba zotsika, koma mlenje amatha kupeza masewera. Kumva chilombo, mbalame zikuuluka ndipo munthuyo amapeza mwayi wowombera.
2. Kuchokera pamachitidwe. Njirayi imachitika mu kugwa, pomwe magawo adya kwambiri mpaka amatsala pang'ono kutha kuwuluka. Mwamuna amayenda mozungulira pagulu la mbalame kudutsa mbali yotsekera ndi kuwombera mbalame pansi. Binoculars amathandizira kuzindikira mapaketi.
3. Ndi chibayo. Kwa kusaka koteroko sikutanthauza chilolezo chapadera cha zida. Chifukwa chakuti ma pneumatics ali ndi mphamvu yaying'ono yowononga, 20 metres imawerengedwa ngati mtunda woyenera kwambiri wowombera. Kuti afikire pafupi ndi mbalameyi, asaka amagwiritsa ntchito chinyengo chomwe mawu ake amafanana ndi mawu apansi.
4. Ndi misampha. Kulanditsa mbalame pogwiritsa ntchito misampha kumachitika nthawi yozizira, chifukwa nthawi zambiri matalala amatha kusiyanitsidwa bwino. Nthambi za Willow ndi birch zimayikidwa pafupi ndi nkhono, masamba omwe magawo omwe amawakonda kwambiri. Misampha imamangidwa pamitengo kuti nyamayo isanyamule chida.

Pakati pa osaka nyama Pali lamulo losalemba: Musawononge chiwerengero chonse cha mbalame zachikulire pagululo, kuti anapiye asamwalira popanda kuyang'aniridwa ndi akulu.

Kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa mitundu yaimvi kumatsika kwambiri. Kukula kwakukulu kwa mbalame kokha ndi komwe kumapangitsa kuti mtunduwu usakhale pangozi lero. M'zaka za m'ma 2000, mayiko ena aku Europe adaletsa lamulo lotha kusaka nyama zina.