Zebras
Burchella Zebra (Equus (Hippotigris) quagga)
Gulu la asayansi

• Equus grevyiOustalet, 1882 - Grevy's Zebra, kapena Desert Zebra
• Equus quaggaBoddaert, 1785 - Burchella Zebra, kapena Savannah Zebra
• Equus zebraLinnaeus, 1758 - Mountain Zebra

Zebras (lat. Hippotigris) - gulu la mitundu ya kavalo, kuphatikizapo mitundu ya Burchell zebra ( Quagga ), Zebra wa Grevy ( Equus grevyi ) ndi zebra za kumapiri ( Equus zebra ) Mitundu yophatikiza pakati pa mbidzi ndi mahatchi apakhomo amatchedwa zebroids, pakati pa mbidzi ndi abulu - zebrules. Ana a Zebras amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono achikazi okhala ndi ana amuna ndi ana amphongo kamodzi.

Pafupifupi zaka 4,4-4,5 miliyoni zapitazo, malinga ndi akatswiri a majini, mzere udawoneka Equusyomwe idabala mahatchi amakono, mbidzi ndi abulu.

Mbidzi, mosiyana ndi kavalo, ndizosatheka kuyesa, ngakhale zimachitika kamodzi. Mokwiya, mahatchi amizeremizere ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi anzawo apabanja. Ali ndi ma buluzi ndi zibowole kumbuyo kwa zida zawo, zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito molimbika pakaopsezedwa pang'ono. Sikuti aliyense amene amadana ndi adaniwo amakhala pachiwopsezo. Kuphatikiza apo, mbidzi imakhala yocheperako, kotero kukwera pa iyo sikungakhale bwino: kutalika kwa zebra pakufota kumasiyana kuchokera pa 120 mpaka 150 masentimita, pomwe kavalo amatha kutalika kwa 180 cm.

Colouring

Ponena za mtundu wa mbidzi, maudindo awiri omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri amapezeka: oyera kapena akuda. Wofalitsa wa dipatimenti ya Mammals akulu, Atlanta Zoo, Lisa Smith (Lisa smith) akuti akatswiri nthawi zambiri amafotokoza zebra ngati kavalo wakuda yemwe amavula mzere. Ngakhale zili zodziwika mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera, mitundu yonse itatu ya mbidzi pakati pawo si abale apafupi kuposa ubale wina ndi mitundu ina ya equine. M'malo ocheperako a mbidzi yosanja, ma quagga, ma nsapato anali ochepa ku dera la khosi, pomwe mitundu ina, yosagwirizana kwathunthu imawonetsanso mawonekedwe opanga miyendo pamiyendo, mwachitsanzo, okapi.

M'mawu osinthika, ming'aluyo mwina ndi njira yotchingira mahatchi ndi ntchentche zam'mimba, zomwe zimayankha polingidwa ndi kuwala, komwe kumasiyana ngati kuwonekera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi lingaliro lina, mikwingwirinso ndiyobisalira zabwino kwa adani, popeza ndizovuta kudziwa mawonekedwe a chiwalo, chofanana ndi khungu lamaso (maphunziro angapo, komabe, amatsutsa izi) gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 925 ] .

Kufalitsa

Zebras koyambirira adagawidwa ku Africa konse. Ku North Africa, anawonongedwa kale. Ku Europe, wolemba mbiri wachiroma Cassius Dion ndiye woyamba kutchula za iwo, ndipo amawatcha "akavalo a dzuwa ofanana ndi nthenga '[ gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 925 ] .

Masiku ano mbidzi zodzala kwambiri zimafikira kum'mwera kwa Sudani ndi Ethiopia, malo achitetezo a East Africa mpaka kumwera kwa kontrakitala. Zebra za chipululu zimapezeka mu malo owuma a East Africa, ku Kenya, Ethiopia ndi Somalia. Mountain zebra ndi mitundu yocheperako kwambiri, mitundu yake imakhala yocheperako ku Namibia ndi South Africa, komwe imapezeka pamalo okwera mpaka 2000 m.

Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe

Pofunsa funso loti mbidzi, mvuu zimakhala kuti, timangoganiza za savannah waku Africa.

Mbidzi ndi chinyama chamtundu wa gulu lankhondo kuchokera ku mitundu yamahatchi. Thupi lake limakhala lalifupi kukula, mpaka kutalika kwa mamitala 2. Kulemera ndi 350 kg. Mchirawo umakula mpaka kutalika pafupifupi mpaka 50 cm. Nthawi zambiri amuna amakhala akulu kuposa akazi, ndipo kutalika kwawo pakufota kumakhala pafupifupi 1.5 mita. Nyamayi imakhala ndi phokoso logontha komanso lokwera, miyendo yochepa yomwe imathera kumiyendo yayitali. Magetsi achidule ndi owuma. Mzere wapakati wa tsitsi, kuthamanga kumbuyo kuchokera kumutu kupita kumchira, kumawoneka ngati burashi. Khosi limakhala lolimba, ndipo mwa amuna limakhala lokwera.

Poyerekeza ndi mahatchi, mbidzi sizimathamanga kwambiri. Koma ngati pangafunike, kuthamanga kwawo kumatha kukula mpaka 80 km / h. Mbidzi ikathamangitsidwa, imagwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera - zigzag ikuyenda. Izi zimamupangitsa kuti athe kufikiridwa ndi adani ambiri.

Nyamayi sikuwoneka bwino, koma imakhala ndi fungo lokhazikika, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi kuti mumve zowopsa pamtunda wautali. Phokoso lomwe limapangidwa ndi zebra ndilosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Ali ofanana kukalipira galu, kuyandikira kavalo, kufuula bulu, etc. Komanso, zonse zimatengera momwe ziliri. Pophatikiza zochitika, zachilengedwe, mbidzi zimatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 30, ndipo mu ukapolo zimatha kukhala mpaka zaka 40.

Mbidzi

Mbidzi ndi nyama ya zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, gulu la artiodactyls, mabanja ofanana, mtundu wa kavalo, subgenus ya zebra (Hippotigris).

Komwe mawu oti "zebra" akuyenera kukhala ndi mizu yaku Africa, ndipo adabwerekedwa ndi atsamunda kuchokera kwa azungu, m'chinenedwe chawo chomwe mawu akuti "zebra".

Kufotokozera kwa zebra, kapangidwe, mawonekedwe, zithunzi

Mbidzi ndi nyama yomwe imakhala ndi gawo lalifupi, lalitali kupitirira mamitala awiri. Kulemera kwa mbidzi ndi 300-350 kg. Mchira wake ndi wa kutalika kwapakatikati, nthawi zambiri amakula mpaka 50 cm. Mbidzi yamphongo imakhala yayikulupo kuposa yaikazi, kutalika kwake kufota ndi 1.4 - 1.5 metres. Nyama izi zimakhala ndi thupi lowonda komanso lambiri. Miyendo ya mbidzi ndiyifupi, ikumatha ndi ziboda zamphamvu.

Mbambo ya mbidzi ndi yochepa komanso yolimba. Mzere wapakatikati mwa mulu umayenderera kumbuyo ndi "burashi" wokhala ndi mutu kuchokera kumutu mpaka kumchira. Khosi la mbidzi limakhala lolimba;

Mbidzi sizimathamanga kwambiri ngati mahatchi, koma ngati zingafunike zimatha kuthamanga mpaka 80 km / h. Pofuna kuthamangitsa, mbidzi imagwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yomwe imagwira ntchito, yomwe, limodzi ndi kupirira kwapadera, imapangitsa nyamayo kukhala mwayi wosapeza kwa adani ambiri.

Mbidzi imakhala ndi khungu lowoneka bwino, koma fungo lake limapangidwa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyamayo imanunkhize zoopsa zomwe zili pamtunda wautali komanso munthawi yochenjeza ng'ombe yazomwezo.

Nyimbo zomwe mbidzi zimapanga ndi zosiyana siyana. Ali ngati galu amene amangokhalira kugwedeza, akavalo, akulira bulu, ndi ena otero. Zonse zimatengera momwe mbidzi imalira.

Ndi kuphatikiza kosangalatsa kwa nyengo, chiyembekezo cha mbidzi m'thengo chimafika zaka 25-30, mu ukapolo - mpaka zaka 40.

Mikwingwirima ya zebra. Kodi bwanji mbidzi?

Anthu ambiri amafunsa kuti: “Kodi mbidzi ndi yotani? Choyera kapena chakuda. " Pali kutsutsanabe za mtundu wa zebra: nyamayi ndi yoyera m'mikwendo yakuda kapena mosemphanitsa. Asayansi amati mtundu waukulu kwambiri udakali wakuda. Mulimonsemo, mikwingayo pakhungu la zebra imapanga mawonekedwe apadera a aliyense, monga momwe mulibe akambuku awiri okhala ndi mikwingwirima yomweyo.

Mikwingwirima ya zebra pakhosi ndi pamutu imakonzedwa molunjika, thupi la nyamayo lolocha ndi mikwingwirima pakona, miyendo imakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa. Chochititsa chidwi - ana a zebra amazindikira amayi awo ndi mawonekedwe apadera a mikwingwirima.

Mikwingwirima ya Zebra ndi mtundu wa chitetezo: nyamayo yowoneka bwino imakaphatikizidwa ndi mpweya wotentha, wamanjenjemera wa savannah, wosokoneza ena. Komanso ndikobisalira kwa mahatchi ndi ntchentche, ndimayang'ana kokha pamtundu wowoneka bwino ndikuwona zebra ngati chinthu chosagwirizana, komwe kumangokhala mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera.

Kulongosola komaliza kumati mitsempha ya zebra imachita thupi la nyama. Amakhulupirira kuti mtundu wakuda ndi woyera wa zebra ukhoza kuziziritsa nyamayo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti madera amthupi amatenthe mosiyanasiyana: yoyera imakhala yofooka, yakuda imalimba. Kusintha kwa matenthedwe kumapangitsa kuti mafunde a mpweya azungulira pang'onopang'ono pafupi ndi nyamayo, yomwe imathandiza mbidzi kukhala pansi pa dzuwa.

Mitundu ya mbidzi, mayina ndi zithunzi

Kuphatikizika kwa mbidzi kumaphatikizapo mitundu itatu yokha:

• Burchella (savannah)mbidzi(QuaggakapenaEquus burchelli)

mitundu yodziwika bwino, yotchedwa William Bourcell wa ku England yemwe ndi katswiri wazomera zakuthambo. Mtundu wa pakhungu la zebra wamtunduwu umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo omwe amakhalako, chifukwa omwe masanjidwe 6 adadziwika. Ma subspecies akumpoto ali ndi njira yotchulira, ma subspecies akum'mwera amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe owumbika a mikwingwirima m'munsi thupi komanso kupezeka kwa mikwingwirima yamtengo pachikopa choyera cha zebra. Kukula kwa mbidzi ya Burchellian ndi mamita 2-2.4, kutalika kwa mchira ndi 47-57 masentimita, kutalika kwa zebra kufota kumafika pa 1.4 metres. Kulemera kwa mbidzi ya Burchellian ndi 290-340 kg. Kukhazikika kwa mitundu iyi ya mbidzi kumakhala kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa. Mbidzi ya Burchella, mosiyana ndi chipululu, ili ndi kukula kocheperako komanso mikwingwirima yosowa. Mosiyana ndi mbidzi yaphiri, Burchella zebra ilibe chopanda khosi ndipo ilibe patani.

• Mbidzi ya Grevy(mbidzi ya m'chipululu)(Equus grevyi)

Amatchedwa dzina la m'modzi wa purezidenti wa France, a Jules Grevy, omwe adalandira mphatso ngati chinyama chamizeremizere kuchokera kwa akuluakulu a Abyssinia kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19. Oimira mtundu wa zebra m'chipululu amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri pabanja lonselo, ali ndi thupi lalitali mpaka 3 m ndipo wolemera kuposa 400 kg. Kutalika kwa mchira wa mbidzi ya m'chipululu kumafika masentimita 50. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa mitunduyo ndi kupangika kwa mitundu yoyera kapena yoyera yachikasu komanso Mzere wakuda kwambiri kudutsa pakati kumbuyo. Mikwingwirima ya zebra ya Grevy ndi yopyapyala kuposa mitundu yina ya zebra ndipo imayandikana. Mtundu wa milozo ndi wakuda kapena wakuda. Palibe mikwingwirima pamimba. Makutu a mbidzi amakhala oderapo komanso ozungulira. Mtundu wa mbidzi uwu umapezeka palamba loti subequatorial kum'mawa kwa Africa: Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Somalia, Meru.

• phiri la zebra (Equus zebra)

Imakhala ndi mtundu wakuda kwambiri wokhala ndi suti yakuda komanso mikwingwirima yopyapyala yoyera. Mikwingwirima pamiyendo imafika kumiyendo. Kulemera kwa zebra wa kumapiri ndi 260-370 kg, kutalika kwa zebra ndi mita 2.2, kutalika kwa zebra ndi metres 1.2-1,5.

Mawonedwe apawiri 2 subspecies:

1. • Cape Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra zebra)

ndiotetezedwa ndi maiko aku South Africa chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira koyambirira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20. Pakadali pano, oyimira pafupifupi mabungwe 400 amakhala m'mapaki adziko la South Africa, pafupi ndi Cape of Good Hope. Cape Zebra ndi mtundu wocheperako kwambiri wa mbidzi. Mikwendo yopyapyala yanyama imakhala pamutu. Palibe mikwingwirima pamimba. Kutalika kwa zebra ku Cape kufota ndi 116-128 masentimita, kulemera kwa chikazi (mare) kumafika 234 kg, kulemera kwa khola ndi 250-260 kg. Cape Zebra imasiyana ndi mbidzi ya Hartman mu mikwingwirima yaying'ono ndi makutu aatali.

1. • Hartman Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra hartmannae)

yatsala pang'ono kutha, akuwombedwa mwankhanza ndi alimi omwe amateteza ziweto zawo. Poyerekeza ndi zaka za zana la 20 lino, kuchuluka kwa anthu kunatsika maulendo 8 ndipo, malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, ali ndi anthu pafupifupi 15,000 omwe amakhala kumapiri a Namibia. Phiri la Hartman Mountain Mountain ndi lalikulu kuposa Cape Zebra ndipo lili ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Kutalika kwa mbidzi ya Harman kufota ndi 1.5 metres, kulemera kwa zebra ndi 250-350 kg.

• Ma zebodi ndi mbidzi(mbidzi yapansi kapena zebrapon, Hornetan

hybrids za zebra ndi kavalo woweta, komanso mbidzi ndi bulu, adawoloka koyamba mu 1815. Pakusakanizidwa, mbidzi yamphongo ndi mkazi wamphongo wina amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbidzi zili ngati kavalo ndipo zimakhala ndi utoto wamitundu ina. Zophatikiza ndizolimba, koma mbidzi ndizophunzitsidwa bwino, chifukwa chake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kukwera ndi kunyamula nyama.

Chithunzi cha Zebroid (chosakanizidwa cha zebra wamwamuna ndi kavalo wamkazi)

Mbidzi ndi Bulu Wophatikiza

• Quagga(Quagga quagga)

mitundu ya mbidzi Malinga ndi ofufuza amakono, quagga ndi mtundu wina wa mbira ya Burchellian. Iwo amakhala ku South Africa. Kutsogolo anali ndi utoto wamtambo, ngati mbidzi zonse, ndipo kumbuyo - utoto wahatchi. Kutalika kwa matupi awo kunali masentimita 180. Quaggs adasinthidwa ndi anthu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza ng'ombe. Mbidzi yomaliza ya padziko lonse lapansi idamwalira ku Amsterdam Zoo mu 1883.

Kodi mbidzi zimakhala kuti?

Mbidzi zachonde zimakhala m'mphepete mwa East Africa, kuphatikizapo kum'mwera kwa chigawo chachikulu, komanso kum'mwera kwa Sudan ndi Ethiopia. Mbidzi za chipululu zimakhala ku Kenya, Ethiopia ndi Somalia. Mbidzi zam'mapiri ndizofala kumapiri a Namibia ndi South Africa pamalo okwera mpaka 2000 metres. Poyamba, nyama zinali zofala kudera lonse la Africa, koma patapita nthawi kuchuluka kwawo kunachepa kwambiri.

Mbidzi albino, mbidzi yoyera

Kodi mbidzi imadyanji?

Zakudya za Zebra zimakhala ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana, masamba a zitsamba, makungwa a mitengo, masamba, mphukira zazing'ono ndi mizu yazomera. Chakudya chopanda mphamvu zama calorie chimakakamiza nyama kuti zizidya kwambiri masana. Pafupifupi kamodzi patsiku, mbidzi imafunika madzi, ndipo mbidzi yaikazi yoyamwitsa imafunika kuthirira. Mitsinje ndi nyanja zikadzauma, nyama zimakumba zitsime zokumba, mabowo, mpaka theka la mita. Madzi akwanira pansi, mbidzi amazigwiritsa ntchito pakumwa. M'miyezi yowuma kwambiri, gulu la mbidzi limayenda mtunda wautali kukafuna msipu wobiriwira.

Zochita za Zebra ndi kuswana

Zebras amakhala ku gulu la mabanja lotsogozedwa ndi munthu wamkulu wamkazi. Gawo lalikulu la ng'ombe limapangidwa ndi akazi a mibadwo yosiyana ndi ana amuna amuna ndi akazi onse. Mkati mwa gulu lankhosa, wakale ndiye mare wakale. Mbidzi zachimuna zomwe zafika zaka zitatu mpaka zitatu zimatuluka ndipo zimapanga gulu lawolawo kapena zimangokhala ndekha.

Amisere atha kutha msinkhu pofika zaka zitatu, mares amatha kubala umwana wazaka 2-2,5. Mbidzi zachikazi zokhwima pakugonana zimaberekera kamodzi zaka zitatu, ngakhale anthu ena amatha kubweretsa chaka ndi chaka.

Mphamvu yothira feteleza imapitilira zaka 16 - 18.

Wamanzere wa zebra wamwamuna, wamkazi wa zebra lamanja

Zimbudzi sizikhala ndi nthawi yeniyeni yobereketsa; kubereka kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 370. Pakubadwa kwa mwana wa mbidzi, abuluwa amawateteza. Zinyalala nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mbira imodzi yofiirira yomwe imalemera mpaka 30 kg, mapasa ochepa.

Mwana amafika kumapazi kwa mphindi 10-15 atabadwa, pambuyo pa mphindi 5 amayamba kuchita zinthu payekha, ndipo pambuyo theka lina la ola amatha kuyenda mtunda woyenera. Mbidzi imayamba kuyamwa mkaka wa mayi ikangokhala ola limodzi.

Mkaka wa zebra wosadziwika - ndi wapinki.

Mkakawu ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa ana aana, chifukwa umapatsa mwayi ana amphaka kukula bwino chifukwa cha zinthu zapadera zomwe zimalimo, amapulumutsa mbidzi zazing'ono ku matenda ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mkaka uwu umawapatsa ntchito yabwino yamatumbo.

Masiku oyamba mayi amateteza mwana wake mwachangu, ndipo pangozi yowopseza khandalo, amabisala m'gulu lotetezedwa ndi abale. Ngakhale kusungidwa koteroko, theka la anyani amwalira wakhanda kuyambira kuukiridwa ndi adani akuluakulu a mbidzi - mikango ndi ziphuphu - ngakhale ukhanda.

Pakatha milungu iwiri, mbidzi yaying'ono imasinthira kudyetsa, koma imapitilira kudya mkaka wa amayi mpaka miyezi 12-16.

Zojambula za Zebra ndi malo okhala

Dera lonse lakumwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa ndi mbidzi. Ma savannah akum'mawa ndi kum'mwera kwa Africa asankha mbidzi zokha. Dera la South-West Africa linali lokondedwa ndi mbidzi zam'mapiri.

Chithunzicho, zebra ndi lathyathyathya

Ku Kenya ndi ku Ethiopia, mbidzi zam'chipululu zimakhala. Zinthu zopatsa mphamvu zimatha kusiyanasiyana chifukwa cha nyengo. Nthawi zouma, mbidzi imasamukira kudera lonyowa. Nthawi zina amatha kuyenda mtunda wa 1000 km. Zebras amakhala m'malo omwe muli chakudya chokwanira.

Nyama yokhala ndi miyendo ya zebra kukhalapo Uwu ndi mzera ndi mbira, zomwe nthawi zina zimagwirira ntchito limodzi ndikudya msipu. Chifukwa chake, nkosavuta kwa iwo kuzindikira kuwopsa komwe akubwera ndikuthawa.

Makhalidwe a Zebra ndi moyo wawo

Mbidzi ndi nyama yosangalatsanso, yomwe imakonda kuvutika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe.Amakhala ndi fungo lokhazikika bwino, motero amatha kuwamva pasadakhale. Koma ndi maso a mbidzi pali zovuta zina, nyama yomwe imadya imatha kuwoneka nthawi yolakwika.

Amakhala ku ubusa. Ma 5-6 mares amagwera amuna amodzi m'mabanja otere. Mutu wabanja nthawi zonse amayang'anira zoweta zake zonse ndi ana ake. Ngati imodzi mwa ng'ombe ili pachiwopsezo, yamphongoyo imalimba ndikuwathamangitsa mpaka imagonjera ku mphamvu ya mbidzi yamphongoyo ndikuchira. Nthawi zambiri gulu la ziweto limayamba 50 mpaka 60, koma nthawi zina kuchuluka kwake kumafika mazana.

Izi ndi nyama zamtendere komanso zochezeka. Amasiyanitsa abale awo ndikumawazindikira ndi liwu lawo, fungo ndi mapatani pamikwingwirima. Kwa zebra, mizere yakuda iyi ndi yoyera imakhala ngati chiphaso chokhala ndi chithunzi cha munthu.

Mdani wowopsa kwambiri wa nyama zamitundayi ndi mkango. Leo pachabe mikwingwirima yawo yopanga. Mulimonsemo, amazipeza chifukwa cha nyama yokoma yomwe anali kukonda.

Akathamanga, makamaka pakagwa vuto, mbidzi imatha kuthamanga mpaka 60-65 km / h kukakwera nyamayo, chifukwa chake, kuti isangalale ndi nyama yake yosangalatsa, mkango uyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.

Chida champhamvu choteteza mbidzi ndi ziboda zake. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti amagona atayimirira. Pobisalira amapanga magulu akulu kuti adziteteze ku ziweto zomwe zitha kubadwa. Maguluwa sakhala okhazikika, amasintha nthawi ndi nthawi. Amayi okha omwe amakhala ndi ana awo omwe sangakhale ogwirizana.

Kusintha kwawo kumaonekera m'makutu. Mbidzi ikakhala bata, makutu ake amawongoka, ndikuopa amawongolera, ndikubweza m'mbuyo. Panthawi yaukali, mbidzi imayamba kubangula. Ndipo pozindikira chilombo chapafupi, mkokomo waukulu umachokera kwa iwo.

Kuchokera nyama zabwino komanso zodekha, zimatha kusintha kukhala zoyipa komanso zakutchire. Mdani wa mbidzi yake amatha kumenya koopsa ndikuluma. Kuwayendetsa kumakhala kovuta. Ndipo palibe ngakhale m'modzi modzi yemwe adatha kusokonekera. Mbidzi pa chithunzi kukondweretsa munthu. Kukongola kwodabwitsa ndi chisomo chobisika mwa nyama yabwino kwambiri iyi.

Zakudya za Zebra

Zakudya zonse zam'munda ndizomwe amakonda. nyama zakutchire. Masamba, zitsamba, nthambi, udzu ndi makungwa amitundu - ndizomwe oimira amtunduwu amakonda.

Mbidzi nyama savannah wosusuka kwambiri. Amangodya zamasamba ambiri. Amayenera kumwa botolo louma ndi madzi ambiri, chifukwa angafunike malita 8-10 patsiku.

Kodi mbidzi imakhala kuti?

Mbidzi zachikopa zimakhala m'mphepete mwa Africa (kum'mawa). Gawo lakumwera kwa mainland (kumwera kwa Etiyopiya ndi Sudan) lilowanso m'malo awo. Ku Kenya, Somalia ndi Ethiopia, mitundu ya mbidzi imakhala. Kuchuluka kwa mapiri ndizofala ku South Africa komanso ku Namibia pamalo okwera mapiri mpaka 2000 metres.

Poyamba, mbidzi zimagawidwa pafupifupi konsekonse, koma lero chiwerengero chawo chatsika kwambiri.

Pafupifupi nyama zina

Kodi nyalugwe, mitengo ya mphiri, mbawala zimakhala kuti? Mbidzi yomwe imakhala imapezeka. Ma savannah aku Africa ndi malo amoyo ndi kambuku (kupatula zipululu). Mutha kukumana nawo ku Western ndi East Asia (madera akumwera). Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kulibe nyalugwe komwe kulibe madzi abwino.

Mitundu ya miyala yam'madzi ndi South ndi North America. Malo ake amakhalanso limodzi ndi malo ogawirako nyama zawo zazikulu. Choyimira chachikulu kuti malo omwe nyama izi zizikhala ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya chokwanira ndi malo oti zibisike kwa adani.

Mbidzi, limodzi ndi njovu ,ira, mkango ndi mvuu, ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zanyama padziko lapansi. Zowona, iye ndi wankhanza komanso wankhanza kumene mbidzi zimakhala. Mikango ndi adani ena ambiri amatsata ana obadwa kumene. Mu 50% ya milandu, amakhala ovutitsidwa ndi nyama monga mikango, ng'ona, hyenas, etc.

Savannah (Equus quagga kapena Equus burchelli) kapena Burchell zebra

Nyamayi idatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa cha wasayansi wotchuka wazachingelezi wotchedwa William Burchella.

Utoto umadalira komwe mbidzi zimakhala. Mitunduyi imagawidwa m'magulu anayi omwe amagawidwa ku Southeast Africa:

Chapman's Zebra, malo okhala ku South Angola, Transylvania. Imakhala ndi mikwingwirima yopapatiza thupi lonse, osafikira ziboda zake. Zebra Boehme, Grant ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa chamikwingwirima chakuda pakhosi pake. Ndizofala kumpoto kwa Africa. Mbidzi ya Burchella imathetsedwa.

Mitundu ya savannah imadziwika ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono, kusapezeka kwa chapachifuwa. Mikwingwirima yakuda pa croup imalumikizana mu grill.

Kukula kwakutalika mpaka 2.7 m, kutalika mpaka mamita 1.46. Kulemera kumatha kufika 345 kg.

Chakudya: chimanga. Amavutika ndi chilala kwambiri; kukafunafuna madzi amatha kusamukira ku nkhalango ndi kumapiri. Palibe anthu opitilira 10 omwe amakhala m'mabanja.

Zokhudza mikwingwirima yokhudza thupi la zebra

Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi yankho la funso la mtundu uti wa mbidzi. Palibe yankho limodzi pankhani ya utoto wake. Kodi nyamayo ndi yakuda mumizere yoyera kapena mosinthanitsa? Asayansi ambiri ali ndi lingaliro lakuti mtundu wotchuka kwambiri ndi wakuda. Dziwani kuti mikwingwirima pakhungu la nyama iyi imapanga mtundu wapadera kwa aliyense.

Pamutu ndi m'khosi, mikwingwirima imakonzedwa molunjika, ndipo thupi limakhala ndi mikwingwirima pakona. Pa miyendo ya zebra ndi yopingasa. Mtundu uwu ndi mtundu wotetezera nyama iyi. Izi ndichifukwa cha malo omwe mbidzi zimakhala. Mu savannah, mpweya umakhala wotentha komanso wanjenjemera. Mmenemo, mbidzi imalumikizana ndi chilengedwe chozungulira, zomwe zimasokoneza. Komanso ndikubisalira kwa ntchentche za ma-tsetse ndi mahatchi. Amaona zebra ngati chinthu chakuda komanso choyera.

Pali lingaliro limodzi losangalatsa kuti mtundu wakuda ndi woyera umatha kuziziritsa thupi la nyama. Izi ndichifukwa choti madera amthupi amatenthe mosiyanasiyana: chakuda chimakhala champhamvu, choyera chimakhala chofooka. Ndipo kusiyana kwa matenthedwe kumapangitsa kuti mpweya uzinguluka kuzungulira nyama, zomwe zimamuthandiza kuti azikhala pansi pa dzuwa.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Chinyama chimaphatikiza mawonekedwe chibadwire cha bulu, kavalo. Mbidzi - Chinyama laling'ono kukula, kutalika kwa thupi kuli pafupifupi 2 m, kulemera mpaka 360 kg. Amuna ndi apamwamba kuposa mares mu kukula, kukula kwawo kwakukulu kwa 1.6 m.

Thupi lolimba, makutu okwera, komanso mchira wautali umaonetsa mawonekedwe a bulu wamba. Mbidzi imakhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi lamapangidwe okhazikika. Tchuthi chaubweya chomwe chimakongoletsa mutu, chimatera kumbuyo kumchira.

Miyendo ndi yotsika, yolimba, yolimbikitsidwa ndi ziboda zamphamvu. Nyama zimakhazikika mofulumira, mpaka 75 km / h, ngakhale zili zotsika kwambiri kuposa mahatchi mwachangu. Njira zothamanga zokhotakhota, kuyenda kosunthika kumathandiza kupewa kufunafuna. Zebras ndiwopambana pakulimbana kwa zilombo zazikulu chifukwa cha kulimba thupi, kupirira.

Mbidzi pa chithunzi ndi maso owoneka, koma mawonekedwe ake ali ofooka, ngakhale nyama, monga munthu, imasiyanitsa mitundu. Kununkhira kwabwino kumakupatsani mwayi wolowera, chifukwa cha iye nyamazo zimamva kuwopsa kwakutali ndi nkhwangwa.

Pofuula kuti anthu aziwopseza, mbidzi zimayang'anira mabanja onse. Phokoso la nyama ndilosiyana kwambiri - liwu la mbidzi nthawi zosiyanasiyana limafanana ndi kulira kwa akavalo, kuluma kwa agalu apakhomo, kulira kwa bulu.

Mverani mawu a zebra

Mbidzi ndi nyama yamizere njira yosiyana pa ubweya ndi khadi yoyitanitsa munthu. Zithunzi zautoto wazinyama zimawonekera posinthana ndi mikwingwirima, m'lifupi, m'litali, moyang'ana. Kukhazikika kwa mizereyo ndi kakhalidwe kamutu ndi khosi, mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ali ndi thupi, mikwingwirima yopingasa ili m'miyendo.

Mtunduwu umalumikizidwa ndi malo okhala mabanja:

• anthu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe akuda ndi oyera ndi odziwa zigwa za kumpoto kwa Africa,
• mbidzi zokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi imvi, tint yoyera-ya ubweya - kwa ma savannah aku Africa akummwera.

Nyama zimadziwirana bwino, ndipo njovu zimazindikira kuti ndi zazikazi. Mikangano, ndi mtundu wanji wa mtundu woyambira, omwe akhala akuwadikirira. Nthawi zambiri pofotokozera zebra pamakhala tanthauzo la kavalo wakuda wokhala ndi mikwaso yoyera, yomwe imatsimikizira kuphunzira kwa mazira. Mtundu wakuda umapereka pigmentation, pakalibe, ubweya woyera umapangidwa.

Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti pakachitika kusinthika, mitundu yachilengedwe inatuluka ngati njira yotchinjiriza ku mahatchi ambiri ndi tizilombo tina, tomwe timaso tawo timayang'ana mbali zosiyanasiyana, timazindikira kuti ndi chinthu chosaoneka.

Lingaliro linanso la asayansi limagwirizanitsa mtundu wosiyana ndi kutetezedwa kwa zilombo, omwe amaletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima kuti izindikire zomwe zingagwire mumlengalenga mwamphamvu. Lingaliro lachitatu likufotokozera kukhalapo kwa maguluwo mwa kusakanikirana kwapadera kwa thupilo - mabataniwo amatenthedwa kwambiri mpaka kusiyanasiyana, potero kumapereka kayendedwe ka mpweya kufupi. Chifukwa chake mbidzi zimatha kukhalabe ndi moyo kunja kukutentha.

Pa gulu la mbidzi pali mitundu itatu:

Savannah zebra. Pali dzina lachiwiri - Burchell, popeza kwa nthawi yoyamba nzika zaku Africa zomwe zidaphunziridwa, zomwe wolemba za nyama V. Burchell adaziwerenga. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, mtunduwu ndi wambiri, umagawidwa kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa.

Chinyama chaching'ono, pafupifupi 2.4 mita m'litali, cholemera mpaka 340 kg. Kukula kwa utoto, kumveka bwino kwa mtundu wa ubweya zimadalira malo omwe amakhala, chifukwa chomwe masamba 6 amodzi a sevannah zebra amadziwika. Malongosoledwe amtundu wa quagga zebra, omwe amawonongeka theka lachiwiri la 19, asungidwa.

Maonekedwe a nyamayo anali awiriawiri - mtundu wamtundu wa kavalo kumbuyo kwa torso, wopindika mtsogolo. Zinyama zoyendedwa kwa nthawi yayitali zimayang'anira zoweta. Magulu a mabanja omwe ali m'misewu yamapazi amakhala ndi anthu pafupifupi 10. Nthawi zina chilimwe, nyama zimayandikira kumapiri kuti zikapeze msipu wobiriwira.

Chipululu Zebra. Zina - zevra ya Grevy idatulukira mtsogoleri wa Abyssinia atapereka Purezidenti wa France wokhala ndi mzere mchipululu. Nyama zimasungidwa bwino m'malo omwe amapezeka ku East Africa - Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Somalia.

Wokhalamo m'chipululu ndi wamkulu kuposa mbidzi zina - munthu ndi wamtali 3 mita ndipo kulemera pafupifupi 400 kg. Kusiyanaku kofunikira kumawonedwa mu utoto wamitundu yoyera, kukhalapo kwa mzere wakuda m'mbali mwake. Mimba ya mbidzi ndi yopepuka, yopanda mikwingwirima. Kutalika kwa mabandi kumakhala kokweza - amakhala osanjidwa. Makutu amtundu wonyezimira, wozungulira.

Mountain Zebra. Gawoli limaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri - Cape ndi Hartman. Mitundu yonseyi, ngakhale njira zotetezedwa ndi akatswiri osamalira zinyama, ikuwopsezedwa ndikuwonongeka kwathunthu chifukwa cha alimi omwe azilodza mderalo omwe amawombera nzika zoyambirira kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Africa. Cape Zebra ili ndi mitundu yaying'ono, ilibe chojambula pamimba.

Mbidzi ya Hartman imadziwika ndi makutu aatali.

Malo ena omwe amakhala ndi ma hybron omwe amawonekera chifukwa chodutsa mbidzi ndi kavalo wapakhomo, mbidzi ndi bulu. Wamphongo ndi mbidzi, cholowa chomwe ndi mtundu wamamba. Khalidwe labwino la anthu osakanizidwa ndi kuphunzitsidwa bwino poyerekeza ndi mbidzi.

Mbidzi zimafanana ndi mahatchi okhala opentedwa pang'ono m'mikwendo ya makolo awo. Zebrulla Nyama yokhala ngati mbidzi pokhapokha ngati pali mbali mbali zina za thupi. Zophatikiza zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chankhanza kwambiri chomwe chitha kusintha. Nyama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katundu wonyamula.

Moyo & Habitat

Mbidzi ndi nyama yakuthengo Dziko la Africa. Kumpoto, anthu okhala kutchire lobiriwira adathiridwa kale. Anthu okhala m'chipululu, mitengo ya savannah ya zebra imasungidwa kum'mawa kwa kontrakitala kumapiri a kum'mwera kwa England. Anthu ochepa okhala ngati zebra kumapiri amakhala m'malo okwezeka.

Kulumikizana kwa nyama kumawoneka mosiyanasiyana. Nyama nthawi zina zimakumana m'magulu angapo a anthu 10 mpaka 50. Banja la zebra (laimuna, la ma 5-6, abulu) lili ndi malo owongolera, ana nthawi zonse amatetezedwa ndi akulu.

Magulu abanja amatha kukhala payokhapokha, kunja kwa gulu la ng'ombe. Nyama zapansi, pali mayanjano a anyamata achichepere omwe sanatenge zovala zawo. Amachotsedwa pagululo chifukwa chodziyimira pawokha akafika zaka 3. Osungulumwa omwe sanalowe nawo pachibale, nthawi zambiri amakhala ovutitsidwa ndi ziphuphu, nyalugwe, mikango, akambuku.

Chikhalidwe cha mbidzi ndi kuthekera kugona tulo, kusokera ngati gulu kuti liteteze adani. Anthu angapo owonera amateteza mtendere wabanja. Dzudzulani kwa adani ngati kuli kofunikira perekani zokhumba. Chikhalidwe cha zebra chosagwirizana panthawi yankhondo, chipiriro sichimalola ngakhale mkango kuthana nayo.

Mdani akaonekera, nyamazo zimapanga mawu okuwa. Kusamala mwachilengedwe, kusachita manyazi kumapereka mwayi kwa zilombo zolimbana ndi mbidzi. Anthu ofooka kwambiri, anyani osalimba amtundu womwe amalekanitsidwa ndi gulu la ng'ombe amakhala olanda.

Mbidzi mu savannah Imaphatikizidwa bwino monga ziweto ndi nzika zina za ku Africa - mbawala, agalu, njoka, anthiwatiwa, miliri yolumikizana pamodzi kukokana ndi adani.

Kuukira pamahatchi amizeremizere kumachitika nthawi zambiri pakagwa madzi othirira. Nyama imatetezedwa ndikukankha mateche - kumenya kwa ziboda kumatha kupha mdani. Kuluma kwa Mbidzi ndizapweteka kwambiri. Nyama ikaima pamapazi ake am'mbuyo, kukula kwake kwamawonekedwe akuwonjezeka, zomwe zimachita moopsa kwa mdani.

Poona momwe mbidzi imakhalira, asayansi amati m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku chizolowezi cha nyama chosambira m'matope kuti zichotse tiziromboti. Kukhala mbidzi zoyera zimathandizira ng'ombe yam'madzi, yomwe imakhala pakhungu la nyama ndikusankha tizilombo tonse ku ubweya. Mbidzi, ngakhale ikuwomba mbalame ndi mlomo wake, siyiyendetsa mwadongosolo.

Momwe nyama zapendekedwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi makutu:

• mwaubwino - wopezeka mwachindunji,
• mwaukali - wokhotakhota kumbuyo,
• mu mphindi yakuwopa - ayenda kutsogolo.

Nyama ziwonetsa kusakhutira ndi phokoso. Ngakhale anthu otetezeka amasungabe ziwonetsero za abale awo.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Mbewu imayamba kukhwima pakapita zaka ziwiri ndi ziwiri ndi ziwiri. Mbidzi zachikazi ndizokonzeka kukwatirana kale, amuna - pambuyo pake. Kuberekanso kumachitika zaka zitatu zilizonse, ngakhale kuti mbiri yowunikirayi imaphatikizapo zitsanzo za mawonekedwe owonongera zinyalala. Akazi amabereka ana kwa zaka 15-18 za moyo wawo.

Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati ndi masiku 370. Nthawi zambiri, mbidzi imodzi imabadwa, yolemera 30 kg. Mwana wobadwa kumene. Kuyambira maola oyamba, kambuku amawonetsa kudziyimira pawokha - akukwera pamiyendo yake, akuyamwa mkaka.

Pakupita milungu ingapo, mbalame ya mbidzi yaying'ono imayamba kutsina udzu wachichepere, koma zakudya zam'mayi zimasamalidwa chaka chonse, chifukwa zimateteza kumatenda a ana osalimba, ndikuteteza magwiridwe antchito am'matumbo. Osachepera pinki mkaka wa zebra.

Ziweto zimasamala anthu onse akuluakulu m'mabanja, komabe, ziwopsezo za kufera kwa ana kuchokera kuzizilombo zimakhalabe zambiri. Moyo wa Mbidzi m'chilengedwe umatha zaka 30, ngati sikhala msanga wa adani achilengedwe.

M'malo otetezedwa, mbidzi zodzipatula zimakhala zaka 40. Mbidzi ndi nyama yaku Africa, koma phindu lake munthawi yachilengedwe lilibe malire. Chithunzi cha wokhala m'mizere ndimtundu wouma adalowa mchikhalidwe, mbiri yakale.

Chipululu cha Grevy Zebra (Equus grevyi)

Munthuyu adatchedwa dzina polemekeza a Jules Grevy, Purezidenti wa France, yemwe kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi adaperekedwa ndi mphatso kuchokera kwa olamulira a Abyssinia ngati kavalo wamizere.

Nyamayi ndi yayikulu, thupi kutalika mpaka 3.1 m, kulemera kuposa 405 kg. Utoto umayendetsedwa ndi mitundu yowala. Lamba wakuda wamkulu amathamangira pakati kumbuyo. Zingwe zotsalira ndizochepa thupi ndipo zimakhala pafupi ndi wina ndi mnzake, osafikira pamimba, pomwe palibe. Makutu ofiirira.

Malo okhala ndi kum'mawa kwa Africa. Pomwe mbidzi imakhala, m'chipululu mumalamulira.

Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra)

Mtundu wa munthu umadziwika ndi kutalika kwamaso amdima. Zingwe zazikulu zakuda zimasinthana ndi zoyera zopyapyala, kufikira ziboda. Mbidzi zam'mapiri zimalemera makilogalamu 375, kutalika kwa nyamayo kumafika mamita 2.3, kutalika mpaka 1.6 m.

Mountain Zebra Cape. Ndiotetezedwa ndi maiko aku South Africa kuti asawonongedwe kwathunthu. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, munthu yekhayo adakhala wotsika kwambiri. Pamutu pali zingwe zakuda zakuda zomwe sizikupezeka pamimba ya nyama. Kutalika kwakukulu mpaka 131 cm, kulemera - 266 kg. Hartman Mountain Zebra. Munthuyo amafanso chifukwa cha zolakwa za anthu: alimi akuwawombera mwachangu, kuteteza busa lawo. Pazaka 17 zapitazi, chiwerengero cha anthu chatsika ndi 7 ndipo masiku ano sichidutsa anthu 16,000. Madera akumapiri a Nambia, kumene mbidzi imakhala, ndiye gwero lalikulu la chakudya komanso malo awo osambira. Mbidzi ya Hartman ya kumapiri ya Hartman imasiyanitsidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yakuda komanso kukula kwakakulu kuposa Cape Cape. Kutalika kwa nyamayi ndi 1.6 m, kulemera koposa 355 kg.

Quagga (Equus quagga quagga)

Mbidzi yolumikizana iyi yomwe yatha. Ofufuzawo akuti munthuyu anali ndi fambo lakumaso kutsogolo ndi bay kumbuyo. Kutalika kwa thupi kufikira masentimita 185. Mbawala zokhala ndi mivi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu kuteteza ng'ombe. Munthu womaliza anamwalira mu 1883 mu malo osungira nyama mumzinda wa Holland.

Khalidwe la Zebra

Nyamayi imakhala m'matanthwe, pomwe mutu ndi wamphongo mmodzi, pafupi ndi pomwe akazi angapo amakhala. Mutu wabanja ndiye chitsimikizo chachikulu cha mtendere ndi chisungiko kwa amzake ndi ana ake. Amateteza nkhosazo moipidwa ndipo nthawi zina amamenya nkhondo yolingana ndi adani.

Nthawi izi, mbidzi yokonda mtendere imakhala wankhondo wowopsa ndipo imawonetsa munthu wolimba, wobera komanso wankhanza.

Nyama zimasiyanitsa ndi:

kununkhira, liwu, pateni pa thupi.

Mbali yayikulu ya wachibale wa kavalo ndikuti amagona ataimirira. Kuti achite izi, anthu onse a gululo amagogoda palimodzi kuti adziteteze kwa adani.

Zochititsa chidwi ndi mbidzi: momwe nyamayo imakhazikika imatha kutsimikiza ndi makutu. M'makhalidwe amtendere komanso abwino, makutu ali owongoka. Panthawi yowonetsera mantha akuwongoleredwa kutsogolo, mkwiyo - kubwerera m'mbuyo. Kukwiya kwa nyama kumawonetsedwa ndi chiwopsezo chamanjenje. Nyamayo ikayandikira, mbidzi imayamba kupanga mawu okuwa. Ndikovuta kwambiri kusokoneza munthu.

Mtundu wa Zebra

Utoto wa mbidzi ndi chiphaso chake. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti munthu aliyense ali ndi njira yakeyake, yosiyana, yomwe siyibwerezedwanso mu nyama yofanana. Kapangidwe kapadera ndi kukula kwa mikwingwiroko kumathandiza khandalo kupeza mayi wake, ndikusiyanitsa zebra limodzi ndi linzake ndi chinyama chachikulu.

Mtundu wa mbidzi ndi chiyani, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kunena. Kuvula kwawo ndi chizindikiro chapadera chomwe chimayambitsa mikangano: zebra ndi yoyera kapena yakuda.

Akatswiri ambiri owonera zinyama afika pakuganiza kuti mtundu wowala si njira yobisika, koma ndi njira yokopa chidwi kuti anthu azitha kudutsa mosavuta. Izi zimathandizira kuti zisasungike pamalo amodzi, koma kuti zigawidwe m'deralo lonse. Mikwingwirima ndi chizindikiro chosiyanitsa pakati pa gulu lililonse lomwe malire ake akukhala.

M'malo mwake, mtundu waukulu wa mbidzi ndi wakuda, monga momwe kafukufuku wapadera wa nyama ali pamwambowu. Tsamba lakuda limachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a utoto, ndipo mikwaso yoyera imawonekera chifukwa chosapezeka.

Utoto wa zebra wakhala ukuchititsa mafunso kwa nthawi yayitali, osati pakati pa anthu wamba, komanso pakati pa asayansi. Panali ma hypotheses ambiri, koma palibe omwe adatsimikiziridwa.

Mpaka pano, ofufuza aku Britain awona kuti mitundu yowala kwambiri siyiyendetsa bwino mahatchi.

Mtundu umathandiza kudziwa nyama yomwe umakhala:

mbidzi zochokera kumapiri akumpoto - mizere yoyera ndi yakuda, nyama zochokera kum'mwera kwa savannah - mikwingwirima ndi yakuda - imvi, nthawi zina chestnut.

Mu mbidzi zina, mitambo yakuda imalumikizana ndikupanga mawonekedwe. Zidole zimabadwa ndi mtundu wofiirira.

Adani Akutchire

Mdani wamkulu wowopsa wa mbidzi ndi mkango wa ku Africa, womwe umakonda nyama ya nyama iyi ndikuiona kuti ndi yamtengo wapatali. Nthawi zambiri, nyama yolusa imayang'anira nyama yomwe ikugwirira ntchito ikupita kumalo akuthirira kapena ikasaka ana omwe achoka pagululo.

Komanso mbidzi imatha kudwala:

nyalugwe, nyalugwe, nyalugwe, fisi, munthu.

Pamavuto, wachibale wa kavalo amatha kuthamanga mpaka 70 km / h, zomwe sizimalola kuti nyama zonse zodya nyama ziziwadye. Mbidzi imatha kubisala mosavomerezeka, kusokoneza ngakhale asodzi odziwa zambiri.

Mbidzi imatetezedwa ndi ziboda zamphamvu, zomwe zimakantha ndi mphamvu yonse ya mdani, nthawi zina kupweteka koteroko kumatha kupha. Komanso, nyamayo imaluma kwambiri.

Mbidzi zoweta

Estrus yachikazi imayamba kumapeto kwa masika - chilimwe. Panthawi imeneyi, akuyamba kutambasula miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndikutulutsa mchira wake kuti awonetse kukonzekera kwake kubereka.

Mimba yanyama imakhala pafupifupi chaka, ndipo kubereka mwana kumatha kuyenderana ndi nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati. Pambuyo pobadwa, mwana wamkazi amatha kukhalanso ndi pakati sabata limodzi. Mbidzi imabweretsa kubadwa kamodzi pachaka.

Mkazi amatulutsa mwana m'modzi:

kutalika 81 masentimita, kulemera 31 kg.

Pakadutsa theka la ola, ola limodzi pambuyo pobadwa, mwana wa nkhandayo amayamba kuyimirira, ndipo patatha milungu ingapo amayamba kudya udzu wambiri pakokha.

Kudyetsa mkaka kumatenga pafupifupi chaka. Mbidzi ndi ana aang'ono kukhala gulu lina. Mpaka zaka zitatu, anawa amakhala m'gulu limodzi, apo ayi amakhala osavuta kuzizunza. Pazaka 1 mpaka 3, abambo achichepere amachotsedwa pagululo kuti athe kupanga banja lake.

Mbidzi zazimuna zimakula pofika zaka zitatu, ndipo zazimuna pofika zaka ziwiri. Mwana wobala mbidzi amakhala zaka 18.

Mkaka wachikazi umakhala ndi mtundu wakuda wapinki. Ndikofunika kwambiri kwa thumba, popeza limakhala ndi zinthu zonse zofunika, mchere, mavitamini pakukula koyenera, kukula kwa mwana ndikulimbitsa chitetezo chake. Mbidzi imatulutsa mkaka wambiri monga momwe khola limafunira. Zimathandizanso kuti matumbo azigwira ntchito mokwanira popanda kuyambitsa mavuto kwa mwana.

Poyamba ,ikazi imateteza khanda mwamphamvu kwambiri ndipo poazindikira kuti ndi yoopsa, imabisa kubisala kuti izithandizire abale ake.

Nthawi zambiri, nyama yomwe ili mu ukapolo imakhala ku malo osungira nyama ndipo kukonza kwake ndikofanana ndi chisamaliro cha akavalo amtchire:

zimasungidwa m'makola osavomerezeka ndi nyengo, zimapatsidwa zakudya zamahatchi wamba, ndipo zimayang'anira kudya kwambiri.

Nyama siziyenera kupatsidwa chakudya cha anthu, makamaka mkate, mafunde a chimanga, tchipisi, shuga. Chakudya choterocho chimayambitsa matenda angapo komanso kufupikitsa moyo wa munthu.

Ogwira ntchito ku Zoo nthawi ndi nthawi amadula ziboda zawo, popeza ali mu ukapolo nyama singadzikwiyire tokha, zomwe zimabweretsa kuzunzidwa koopsa.

Amayesetsa kuti azisungirana amuna achikulire payokha kuti asamachitirane nkhanza wina ndi mnzake. Zophatikiza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafamuyo, monga mahatchi wamba kapena abulu, ndipo zimasungidwa chimodzimodzi.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za zebra

Mbidzi ndi nyama yokongola, yapadera yomwe ili ndi izi:

M'banja lazinyama, ndichizolowezi kuwona malo okhwima, ndikupumula, mbidzi zingapo zimagwira ntchito ngati alonda, kuyang'anira chitetezo cha gulu lonse, akukhulupirira kuti mikwingwirima ya zebra ndiyofunikira kotero kuti mikango singathe kuwasiyanitsa ndi unyinji, Amuna amakhala ndi ma fangala apadera omwe amawathandiza mkati Pomenyera chitetezo cha ziweto, ntchentche za Tsetse sizingathe kulimbana ndi nyamayo, chifukwa imagwidwa ndi mikwingwirima yosokoneza, m'mimba mwa zebra imapangidwa mwanjira yapadera, yomwe imaloleza kuti azidya zakudya zosasangalatsa zomwe sizoyenera kuweta zitsamba zina.

Ndipo izi sizinthu zonse zosangalatsa za mbidzi. Nyama imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola kwake kwapadera ndi chisomo, chomwe sichimangokopa, komanso chimayambitsa chidwi. Tsoka ilo, munthu samangokonda munthuyu, komanso amatenga nawo mbali pakutha kwake.

Kufotokozera kwa zebra, kapangidwe, mawonekedwe

Thupi la zebra ndi lalifupi pakatikati, nthawi zambiri limakhala lalitali pafupifupi mamita awiri, pomwe mchirawo umakula mpaka 50 cm. Kulemera kwambiri kwa mbidzi kuli pafupifupi 300-350 kg. Mbidzi yaimuna ndi yayikulu kuposa wamkazi. Mwambiri, zebra physique ndi yothina kwambiri komanso yolimba. Mphamvu ya mbidzi ndi yolimba komanso yaifupi, ndipo khosi limakhala lolimba, ndipo mwaimuna limakhala lolimba kuposa zazikazi.

Mbidzi imakhalanso ndi ziboda zolimba kwambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala njira yopulumukira mu dambo la ku Africa. Ngakhale mbidzi sizimathamanga kwambiri ngati mahatchi, zimapirira kwambiri, ndipo zili pachiwopsezo (makamaka mwanjira ya mikango yanjala, nyalugwe, mafisi ndi zina zodya) zimatha kuthamanga mpaka 80 km pa ola limodzi. Komanso, ndizosangalatsa kuti mbidzi zimathawa owathamangitsa, nthawi zambiri m'mizimba, kugwetsa adani, uwu ndi njira yawo yapadera. Komanso, mbidzi nthawi zina zimagwiritsa ntchito ziboda zake zamphamvu ngati zida zenizeni zolimbana ndi mikango yomwe ikuukira.

Koma mbidzi zimadzitamandira chifukwa cha kupenya, nkhwangwa, sizingatheke, sizinapangidwe bwino, koma izi zimabwezeranso kukongola kwake kwakukulu - mbidzi imatha kununkhiza zoopsa zomwe zingachitike ndikuchenjeza gulu lake. Komabe, mikango imadziwanso bwino za mbidzi, ndipo sizomveka kuti imadumphira pagulu la mbidzi zodyetsa kuchokera kumbali yakumphepo, kotero kuti ndizovuta kwambiri ngati mbidzi kuzifungo.

Ndi mbidzi zingati zomwe zimakhala

Moyo wa mbidzi mu dambo la ku Africa umakhala wambiri ndi zoopsa zambiri, nthawi zambiri "mahatchi amizeremizere" samafa konse kuyambira ukalamba, koma kuyambira mano osaka nyama mpaka nyama zodya nyama. Awo, nthawi zonse amapha oyimira ofooka a ufumu wa mbidzi. Ndipo mbidzi ikakula, ikakhala yofooka, imakhala mwayi wogwidwa ndi winawake. Mokulira, pamikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nthawi yayitali moyo wa mbidzi ndi zaka 25-30, koma kumalo osungira nyama amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 40.

Savannah zebra

Ndi mbidzi yoyera-yodziwika bwino kwambiri yodziwika bwino kwambiri yodziwika bwino kwambiri yomwe imakhala ku Southeast Africa. Mbidzi yotchedwa "Burchelova" zebra idaperekedwa polemekeza wolemba zinyama waku England, dzina lake William Burchel, yemwe adakhala zaka zambiri akuphunzira za chikhalidwe cha mbidzi. Makamaka, adawona kuti mitundu yakuda ndi yoyera pamatupi a mbidzi amasiyana malinga ndi malo awo, mwachitsanzo, mbidzi zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi equator zimakhala ndi njira yotchulira, pomwe mbidzi zomwe zimakhala kum'mwera kwa Africa zili ndi njira yoonekera bwino kumunsi. thupi, ndi kupezeka kwa mikwingwirima ya beige pakhungu loyera. Kutengera utoto, panali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya zebra ya Burchello.

Ma zebodi ndi mbidzi

Mbidzi ndi mbidzi ndi zankhondo zobadwa pamanda pakati pa zebra ndi kavalo, ndi zebra ndi bulu. Nthawi zambiri, mbidzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yaimuna, ndipo ngati wamkazi, kavalo, mwana wobadwa amakhala ngati kavalo, koma utotoyo umakhala wamtambo - cholowa chochokera kwa papa-zebra. Zophatikiza ndizofanana ndi mbidzi, koma bwino kuposa zomwe zimatha kuphunzitsidwa, nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama yonyamula.

Zosangalatsa Zokhudza Zebras

• Mbidzi zimapsa mtima komanso zimakonda kupsa mtima; Komanso, kupsa mtima komanso kwawukali kwa omwe akuyimira gulu lachihatchi kumeneku kunatsogolera kuti munthu sangathe (mosiyana ndi kavalo wamba) wolimbira.
• Zebras ndi amodzi mwa nyama zochepa pamodzi ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe amtundu. Chokhacho ndikuti samasiyanitsa lalanje konse.
• Zebras amatha kukhazikika mumatope kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe sizikulankhula bwino zaukhondo wawo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mwanjira yosavuta motere amachotsa tizilombo tokwiyitsa.
• Zebras amagwira ntchito bwino pamodzi ndi zitsamba zina zaku Africa: zakutchire komanso mitundu ina ya twiga, ndikupanga gulu lalikulu lomwe limavuta kuteteza motsutsana ndi zilombozi.