Leptospirosis (matenda a Weil, jaundice wopatsirana) - matenda opatsirana owopsa, zooanthroponic a matenda opatsirana, omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa hemorrhagic chiwindi, mitsempha yamagazi, impso, ndi machitidwe ena a thupi. Leptospirosis imawonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha, kutsegula m'mimba, kuphwanya kwam'mimba, kuchepa magazi. Nthawi zambiri amadziwika akaphwanya magwiridwe antchito a chapakati mantha dongosolo. Ndizowopsa kwa anthu, mitundu yonse ya zinyama (agalu, amphaka, nyama zaulimi), nyama zakuthengo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makoswe, mbalame.

Mitundu yonse ya agalu imakhudzidwa, ngakhale atakhala amsinkhu uti. Leptospirosis ndiyowopsa makamaka kwa agalu aang'ono ndi ana agalu chifukwa chosakhazikika mosakhazikika, komanso mtundu womwe uli ndi lamulo lotayirira (boxer, French, English Bulldog, Cane Corso, Bullmastiff, Shar Pei, Bloodhound, Basset Hound). Leptospirosis ndi yovuta kwambiri kuchiza ndipo nthawi zambiri, ngati njira zoyenera sizitengedwa, zimakhala zakupha. Matenda abwinobwino amatheka pokhapokha mutapezeka kuti muli ndi vuto la nthawi yake, munjira zosankhidwa mwachipatala.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a matendawa

Nyama zambiri zomwe zimayamwa zimatha kukhala ndi leptospirosis ndikuwathandizira. Makoswe ndi mbewa ndizowopsa pankhaniyi. Akangotenga kachilomboka, amatenga matendawa chifukwa cha moyo. Munthu amatenga kachilombo kudzera mu chakudya chifukwa chogwirizana ndi agalu odwala kapena omwe achira kumene.

Zoyambitsa matenda ndi ma leptospira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimawonekera patangopita masiku ochepa kuchokera ku leptospira mthupi la nyama. Bacteria imachulukana mofulumira ndikufalikira mthupi lonse, kutentha kwake komwe kumakweza chifukwa cha matenda.

Pambuyo polowa mu mafupa a epithelial tubules, magawikidwe a maselo mabakiteriya amakhala ochulukirapo. Maselo ofiira amafa chifukwa cha matenda, kuchepa kwa magazi kumayamba. Chovala cha bilirubin chimadziunjikira - matendawa amawononga maselo a chiwindi, amadutsa gawo lachiwindi. Nyama yomwe singalandire mankhwala pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa imafa chifukwa cha kulephera kwa impso.

Etiology

Othandizira a leptospirosis adadziwika ndikufotokozedwa ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe aku Japan mu 1914. Poyamba, adatumizidwa ku spirochetes, patatha chaka chimodzi, mkalasi la spirochete, banja lodziyimira la Leptospiraceae ndi genus Leptospira (Leptospira) adatsimikiza mtima kwa iwo.

Mabakiteriya a patathogenic amakhala ndi thupi lalitali lomwe limapendekera kuzungulira. Malekezero a thupi nthawi zambiri amawerama ngati chilembo "C". Kutalika kuli mndandanda wa ma micron 6-20, makulidwe ake ndi ma Micron 0,1. Kusunthika kwakukulu komanso miyeso yama microscopic zimathandizira kuti thupi lizikhazikika mofulumira pambuyo povulala.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya mabakiteriya a leptospira. Sikuti aliyense ndi wowopsa kwa nyama komanso anthu. Nthawi zina leptospira amachita mochenjera: saphwanya thanzi laomwe amanyamula, koma akalowa m'thupi la nyama ina kapena munthu, amawonetsa mawonekedwe awo apabwinobwino.

Matenda agalu amachititsa mitundu iwiri: Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae ndi Leptospira canicolau. Bacteria imakhalabe yotheka polowera zachilengedwe. M'madziwe, mafinya, mu dothi lonyowa, amatha kukhalapo kwa miyezi ingapo.

Nthawi zambiri, galu amatha kutenga kachilombo ka leptospirosis atamwa kapena kusambira dziwe lomwe ali nalo.

Mitundu yoyesera ya Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae mitundu makamaka ndi makoswe. Agalu amatha kutenga kachilomboka kudzera pakukhudzana ndi madzi okhala ndi mkodzo wamkati kapena kudzera mu mbewa ndi makoswe. Leptospirosis, yopezeka ndi mabakiteriya amtunduwu, imakhala yotsimikizika kuti ibweretse jaundice.

Zizindikiro za Leptospirosis mu Galu khalani pang'onopang'ono. Nyama imakwera kutentha. Galu amangokhalira kumwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amakodza. Pakamwa pake, zilonda zitha kuwoneka pamalirime. Kutsegula m'mimba ndi magazi ndi kusanza kumayamba, jaundice amawonekera. Galu akuvutika maganizo, zimadziwika kuti akuvutika ndi ululu wamkati.

Leptospirosis yoyambitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Leptospira canicolau imasiyana ndi choyambirira chomwe chimakhala chofewa kwambiri, kusakhalapo kapena kuuma kwambiri kwa jaundice. Nthawi zambiri, bakiteriya amabwera kudzera mkodzo la odwala kapena agalu omwe achira kumene.

Magwero a matenda

Agalu athanzi amatha kutenga kachilombo ka leptospirosis pomwera madzi kuchokera m'matumbu komanso kutola chakudya pansi. Kulumikizana ndi zinthu zomwe nyama zodwala zasiya malovu kapena mkodzo zimatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zosasangalatsa. Kusamba m'madziwe ndi m'madziwe kumayesa kusuntha kwa leptospira kuchokera kumadzi kupita ku thupi la galu. Veterinarians sapatula mwayi wotenga matenda kudzera kuluma kwa nthata ndi nkhupakupa.

Matendawa amalowa kudzera pakhungu lowonongeka, zilonda zamtundu uliwonse pa thupi kapena m'mimba. Matumbo amtunduwu komanso matenda opatsirana kudzera mwa kupuma samakhazikitsidwa. Zilipo Katemera wa leptospirosiskoma samateteza kwathunthu kuukira.

Kuthekera kwa matendawa ndiwokwera kwambiri mu agalu okhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi, omwe amakhala ndi anthu ambiri, osayang'anira ukhondo. Nthawi zambiri nyama zam'misewu zodwala, zomwe zimadyetsedwa bwino, zimakhudzana ndi makoswe. Agalu omwe amakhala kumidzi amakhala ndi mwayi wapamwamba wodwala kuposa agalu akumatauni.

Kulowerera kumakhala magawo awiri: bacteremic komanso poizoni. Pa gawo loyamba, leptospira imalowa m'magazi, kuchulukana ndikufalikira m'magazi onse, kumalowa m'chiwindi, impso ndi ziwalo zina za parenchymal.

Kukhazikika kwa gawo lachiwiri kumadziwika ndi lysis (kuvunda) kwa leptospira ndikupanga ma endotoxins. Cholinga chachikulu cha poizoni ndi maselo a epithelial. Zotsatira zake, kukhulupirika kwa ma capillaries kumaphwanyidwa. Magazi amkati mwa leptospirosis amayamba.

Poizoni yemwe amadziwika ndi leptospira amawononga ziwiya zing'onozing'ono zamkati. Masamba a necrosis amawonekera impso, mafuta amayamba m'magazi, zotupa zimatuluka mu ndulu. Zizindikiro za jaundice zimawonekera.

Ma mucous membranes amkamwa ndi maso amawonetsa matenda omwe ali ndi leptospirosis

Pafupifupi sabata imodzi atadwala, galu wodwala wokhala ndi mkodzo ndi malovu amayamba kufalitsa leptospira, ndikuyamba kukhala kachilombo. Kusankhidwa kwa mabakiteriya azitha kukhala patatha milungu ingapo kapena zaka zingapo pambuyo poti kuchira kwathunthu nyamayo. Chifukwa chake, galu ayenera kudzipatula.

Posamalira ana ndi agalu omwe ali ndi kachiromboka, njira zopewera chitetezo ziyenera kuonedwa: gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi, zinthu zophera tizilombo, zida zomwe magazi atha kulandira, ndikugulitsa agalu. Mwini nyamayo ayenera kuwunika momwe alili. Ngati mukumva kuti mulibe vuto, pitani kuchipatala.

Galu angatengedwe bwanji ndi kuti

Matenda a leptospirosis amatha kuchitika motere:

1. Polumikizana ndi nyama yodwala.
2. Kudzera mu chakudya, madzi, ziwiya, nyumba.
3. Mukasambira dziwe lomwe lili ndi mabakiteriya.
4. Kudzera kuluma nkhupakupa ndi tizilombo tina ta magazi.
5. Mukamadya mitembo ya nyama, makamaka makoswe ang'onoang'ono, omwe amakhala ngati malo osungira kufalitsa matenda.
6. Kupyola m'mimba kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa ana agalu, komanso kudzera mkaka nthawi yoyamwitsa.

Nyama zikagona mokulira, chiopsezo cha kufalikira kwamatenda chimakulirakulira. Mayiwe okhala ndi madzi osasunthika, komanso mafinya a m'nkhalango, ndiowopsa kwambiri kwa agalu, chifukwa mabakiteriya amatha kukhala ndi masiku 200-220 m'malo am'madzi. Ndikofunika kupatula kusamba ndikumwa madzi a nyama kuchokera kumalo amtunduwu pofuna kupewa matenda.

Ndi leptospirosis yoopsa kwa anthu

Leptospira ndiowopsa osati nyama zokha, komanso kwa anthu. Pankhani imeneyi, akazindikira chizindikiro cha leptospirosis mu galu, munthu ayenera kutsatira njira zotetezeka:

1. Posamalira nyama yodwala, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoteteza, mwachitsanzo, mittens.
2. Chepetsa ndikusunga malo a chiwetocho mwangwiro.
3. Musachepetse kulumikizana ndi nyama yodwala.

Bacteria yochokera m'thupi la nyama imapukusidwa limodzi ndi malovu, ndowe, ndi magazi. Ndikofunika kupatula kukhudzana kwawo ndi khungu ngati pali zovulala (mabala, mabala, mabala). Ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a matendawa, veterinary angalimbikitse euthanasia.

Zizindikiro za Leptospirosis mu Agalu

Pamene leptospira ilowa m'thupi, dongosolo la magazi, magazi m'mimba, ndi kupuma zimakhudzidwa, kulephera kwa impso ndi hepatic, ndipo mtima ndi dongosolo lamanjenje limasokonekera. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za leptospirosis mu agalu ndi:

1. Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi, nthawi zina mpaka madigiri 41.
2. Vomiting ndi m'mimba.
3. Lethargy, kuchepa kwamtima kudya komanso kukana kudya.
4. Matenda a urination.
5. Maonekedwe a magazi mumkodzo komanso ndowe.
6. Zowawa kwambiri, makamaka pamimba.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa matendawo kumatengera kwambiri mawonekedwe ake.

Kodi galu leptospirosis ndi chiyani

Matenda a Weil, jaundice wopatsirana, amadziwikanso ndi veterinarians a leptospirosis. Matendawa amatanthauza matenda opatsirana, zooanthroponic omwe amachititsa kutupa kwa chiwindi, kupukusa ziwalo, chapakati chamanjenje, mtima ndi mtsempha wamagazi, komanso impso.

Ziweto zazing'ono ndi zoweta zimatengedwa ndi leptospirosis. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, matenda opatsirana amalembedwa mu mbalame, carnivores, ndi makoswe (makoswe ndi mbewa zimakhalabe zonyamula moyo wonse wa leptospirosis).

Wothandizila wa matendawa ndi bacterium ya pathogenic ya mtundu wa Leptospira (wodziwika ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira). Amakhala ndi kukana kwambiri ndi zinthu zakunja: m'madzi osasunthika, leptospira amatha kugwira ntchito kwa miyezi yoposa 6, m'dothi lonyowa - pafupifupi chaka. Mankhwala ambiri opha majeremusi sakhala ndi vuto lililonse la pathogenic bacterium leptospirosis (kupatula mankhwala a gulu I).

Kupewa kwa leptospirosis mu agalu

Leptospirosis ndi matenda owopsa kwambiri opatsirana kwa agalu, mosasamala za mtundu, zaka. Pofuna kupewa matenda a leptospirosis, katemera wa prophylactic amachitika. Mono- ndi multivaccines amagwiritsidwa ntchito, limodzi ndi katemera wokhudzana ndi ntchito zapakhomo, zakunja, zomwe zikuyenera kugwira ntchito motsutsana ndi serotypes ya leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola (Biovak-L, Leptodog, Multikan-6). Mlingo wa mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa amawonetsedwa pa phukusi, kutengera kulemera kwa galu. Ana agalu amatemera katemera wa leptospirosis koyamba ali ndi zaka 8-9 milungu. Kukonzanso kumachitika pambuyo pa masabata atatu.

Kwa agalu akuluakulu, nyama zomwe sizili ndi chitetezo chokwanira, zovuta za epizootic m'derali, katemera wogwira, ogwiritsira ntchito hyperimmune sera amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati mukufuna kupita ndi galu kumadera osavomerezeka ndi leptospirosis, katemera wa prophylactic amachitika mwezi watatsala ulendo womwe wakonzekera. Abaabala agalu ayenera kulabadira mikhalidwe ya kumangidwa, zakudya za anzawo a miyendo inayi. Osanyalanyaza njira za ukhondo komanso zodzitetezera, samalani polimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kutsatira dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa katemera, komanso kuchitira kwa nthawi yake chithandizo cha chiweto kuchokera ku ectoparasites. Nthawi zonse muziyang'anira ukhondo wa aviary, malo ogona agalu.

Kodi mungatani kuti mukhale ndi leptospirosis?

Gwero la matendawa sili ndi kachilombo kokha, komanso nyama zomwe zadutsa leptospirosis. Matendawa amalowa mkatikati mwa matama, mayendedwe am'matumbo, chinsinsi cha kupuma, komanso chinsinsi kuchokera kumaliseche. Kuphatikiza apo, causative wothandizila wa leptospirosis imafalikira kudzera mwa njira yaikayo ndipo imakhalapo mkaka wa mayi woyamwitsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ana obweranso nawonso adzakhala onyamula mabakiteriya.

Chiwopsezo cha matendawa chinajambulidwa mu nthawi yophukira-nthawi yophukira, pomwe chinyezi komanso kutentha kwachulukidwe kumachulukana, milandu yokhala patali ndi leptospirosis imatha kuchitika chaka chonse.

Madzi osasunthika (maiwe, ma dambo, zimbudzi) ndiwo malo okhala leptospira, kuphatikiza apo, milandu yokhudzana ndi matenda agalu mwa kulumidwa ndi ntchentche zamagazi, udzudzu ndi ntchentche zabwera.

The makulitsidwe nthawi ya leptospirosis amapanga kuyambira masiku atatu mpaka mwezi umodzi, ndipo nthawi zina matendawa amatuluka popanda chizindikiro.

Agalu amtundu uliwonse wazaka zilizonse amatenga matenda a leptospirosis, koma matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri ku ana agalu chifukwa cha chitetezo chathu chomwe sichinapangidwebe.

Chikhalidwe cha matendawa ndicho kupangiratu kwina kwa mitundu yosaka ya agalu, monga:

Nthawi zambiri matendawa amatenga imfayo, chifukwa matendawa ndi ovuta kuti zinyama zizilekerera komanso ndizovuta kuchiza. Zotsatira zabwino zimatheka pokhapokha ngati wodwala azindikira kuti ali ndi matendawa komanso angathandizidwe mwachangu.

Akatswiri a Chowona Zanyama amati mitundu inayi ya matendawa:

• Lakuthwa. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimawonekera patatha masiku atatu kuchokera pamene pathogen yatulutsidwa m'thupi.
• Kugonjera Zizindikiro zodziwikiratu za leptospirosis zimawonekera patatha masiku 10-20 kumayambiriro kwamatenda.
• Matenda. Matendawa amatenga miyezi iwiri mpaka zaka zingapo ndipo samatsatiridwa ndi zizindikiro zowoneka bwino.
• Zachikazi. Kuwonetsera kulikonse kwamatenda kulibe, koma kuthekera kwa kupatsira nyama zina kumapitilira zaka zingapo.

Mu pachimake leptospirosis kufa kwa agalu kumachitika mwa 85% ya milandu, subacute maphunziro amapha 60% ya nyama.

Mitundu ya hemorrhagic ndi icteric ya leptospirosis imasiyananso.

Mitundu ya hemorrhagic yamatenda imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ma akuluakulu akuluakulu, momwe matendawa amadziwika ndi koopsa komanso kochititsa chidwi, agalu a m'badwo uliwonse amatengeka ndi icteric.

Mtundu wa hemorrhagic wa leptospirosis uli ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kufa pakati pa agalu odwala, koma icteric silivomerezedwa ndi nyama.

Zowonera Veterinarians: galu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo atapulumuka masiku 5 oyamba Matenda, ali ndi mwayi wochira kwathunthu.

Zizindikiro ndi leptospirosis

Mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa pathology, mu agalu onse odwala pali kuphwanya kwa chakudya chamagulu, komanso aimpso ndi chiwindi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za leptospirosis mu agalu zimaganiziridwa:

• dysuria (kuchepa kwamikodzo patsiku), kenako anuria (kusowa kwamkodzo kwathunthu mu chikhodzodzo),
• kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa thupi ndi madigiri 1-3,
• ulesi ndi kufooka kwa thupi,
• kukana chakudya
• chikasu cham'mimba ndi khungu,
• kusanza ndi kusanza
• magazi mkodzo ndi ndowe.

Ngati leptospirosis yatenga mawonekedwe a hemorrhagic, ndiye kuti galuyo amawonjezera kwambiri kutentha kwa thupi (mpaka 41,5), koma patatha masiku atatu kutentha kumatsika mpaka kufika madigiri 38.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma membala amtundu wa mucous amabala nyama yodwala, pali ludzu lamphamvu, koma chilamulo, monga lamulo, palibe. Kuchokera mmaso, mphuno, pakamwa ndi kumaliseche, kutuluka kwa magazi kumayang'aniridwa, ndipo magazi amapezekanso mkodzo ndi ndowe, komanso kusanza. Pambuyo jakisoni, hematomas amakula pamalo a jakisoni, pakadutsa ziwalo za m'chiuno ndi peritoneum, nyamayo imamva kupweteka kwambiri.

Zovuta za hemorrhagic mawonekedwe a leptospirosis ndi:

• kupezeka kwa foci ya necrosis pamlomo wamkati,
• hemorrhagic zotupa zam'mimba ziwalo,
• kusowa kwamadzi kwambiri
• pachimake aimpso kulephera.

Ma hemorrhagic mawonekedwe a leptospirosis amadziwika ndi kufooka kwambiri kwa mucous nembanemba ndi khungu, ndipo zizindikiro pamwambapa zikusonyeza kuti Imfa ndiyosapeweka.

Mawonekedwe a Icteric Matendawa amatanthauza kuyang'anira khungu, mucous nembanemba ndipo pafupifupi thupi lonse la galu chikasu. Komanso galu amapezeka kuti ndi wofooka, akukana kudyetsa, kusanza ndi magazi owerengeka, zotupa za pakhungu, hepatomegaly (chiwindi chokulitsidwa) ndi splenomegaly (kuchuluka kwa ndulu).

Njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza leptospirosis:

• Kusanthula kwa Serological kwa PMA (microagglutination reaction).
• Bioassay ndi nyama zoyesera (akalulu, nkhumba za Guinea).
• Kuunika kwa microscopic kuti mupeze mkodzo wothandizidwa ndi matendawa (mkodzo uyenera kukhala watsopano).
• Kusanthula kwachilengedwe komanso kwachilengedwe kwamwazi.
• X-ray ndi ultrasound yamimba yam'mimba (kudziwa chiwindi ndi ndulu).
• Zoyesa zapadera zamtundu ndi ma polymerase chain reaction sizikuchitika, chifukwa ndi njirazi zotsatira zabodza komanso zabodza sizotheka.

Monga momwe ntchito:

• hyperimmune seramu (njirayi imagwira ntchito masiku oyamba oyambitsidwa ndi matenda),
• antimicrobials (penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol ndi tetracycline mankhwala amalembedwa). Mlingo wake umasankhidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe a matendawa, zaka za galu komanso momwe thupi liliri.
• ma immunostimulants ndi ma immunomodulators, mavitamini okonzekera mavitamini,
  mtsempha wa magazi a sodium chloride, Ringer-Locke njira yothetsera kusowa kwamadzi,
• michere (glucose solution ndi ascorbic acid),
• hepatoprotectors kusintha ndi kusunga chiwindi ntchito,
• pacemaker kulimbitsa minofu ya mtima,
• antiemetic ndi antidiarrheal mankhwala,
• kukonzanso thupi.

Kubwezeretsa magwiridwe antchito a m'mimba, m'mimba mwa Vitamini B mumagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala ena apadera omwe amakhalanso ndi mankhwala (chakudya chokha chofewa komanso chamadzimadzi, m'magawo ang'onoang'ono).

Kwa agalu okhala ndi impso kapena hepatic kusakwanira, komanso kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi, kuonekeranso kuchipatala chachipatala chazinyama kumasonyezedwa. Nthawi zina, nyama yovuta kwambiri, imagwiridwa mwachangu.

Zotsatira ndi zovuta

Leptospirosis ndi matenda oopsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amabweretsa zotsatira zoopsa monga:

• magazi ochokera kunja ndi mkati,
• matenda a impso ndi chiwindi.
• kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zamawonedwe,
• paresis ndi kutayika kwathunthu kwa kuyenda kwa agalu,
• chibayo, meningoencephalitis, cirrhosis.

Popanda chisamaliro chazanyama chapanthawi yake, nyamayo imafa msanga. Galu yemwe wachira ku leptospirosis amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira cha matenda, koma chiweto chimakhala chonyamula kwa pafupifupi zaka 4.

Leptospirosis imawonedwa ngati matenda oopsa osati a nyama zokha, komanso anthu, chifukwa chake ngati galu akaikira mankhwala, muyenera kufunsa katswiri. Popewa matendawa, mwini wake ayenera kupatsa ziweto zake chakudya choyenera, chisamaliro chokwanira komanso katemera wa pachaka.

Zizindikiro ndi matendawa

Kuchepetsa ntchito, kutopa msanga, kuchepa kwa chakudya - choyambirira Zizindikiro za leptospirosis mu agalu. Ngati izi zikutsatiridwa ndi ludzu losasunthika, kupumira mwachangu, kutentha thupi - muyenera kufunsa wazowona za nyama.

Pambuyo pa masiku 2-5, leptospirosis imawonetsa zizindikiro zake zenizeni: kutentha thupi, kutsegula m'mimba ndi kusanza ndi magazi. Kwa iwo akuwonjezera necrosis ya mucous nembanemba, pafupipafupi pokodza, maonekedwe a zilonda zamkati mwa galu.

Pali zizindikiro zambiri za leptospirosis, si onse omwe angapezeke mwa munthu wodwala. Nthawi zina, zizindikirazi sizimawonekera bwino. Kuyesedwa ndi veterinarian, kuyesa kwa labotale kungapereke yankho lakuyamba kwa matenda.

Leptospirosis imatha kukhala m'njira zingapo:

Ndi mtundu wakale wamatenthedwe, matenthedwe amakwera pang'ono. Zochita za galu zimachepa, chilala chikukula. Pambuyo pamasiku awiri, zizindikirizo zimazimiririka. Galu akuwoneka wathanzi. Koma kuyesa kwa labotale kwa kukhalapo kwa mabakiteriya a leptospira ndikofunikira pa mankhwala othandizira.

Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amatenga ulesi, wodwala mawonekedwe. Zizindikiro zake ndizowonjezeka pang'ono kutentha, kuwonjezeka kwa mitsempha ya m'mimba mu groin komanso pansi pa nsagwada. Mkodzo umakhala wachikaso chakuda, zofiirira. Kumbuyo, chovalacho chimatha kuchepera. Galu limachita manyazi, sililekerera kuwala kowala. Ana obadwa mwa nyama yoteroyo amabadwa atafa.

Agalu ang'onoang'ono, nthawi zambiri matendawa amawonera. Mwa zochita za galuyo zikuwonekeratu kuti akumva kupweteka kwambiri. Kutentha kwake kumafika mpaka 41,5 ° C. Mkodzo umadetsa, kutsekula m'mimba kumayamba ndi kukhalapo kwa magazi. Malo opindulitsa amakhala achikasu. Nthawi zina, matendawa amakula msanga, zotulukapo zake zimatha kuchitika patadutsa masiku atatu.

Zowoneka bwino, zopweteka, zowawa za chitukuko cha matendawa zimatha kupezeka m'mitundu iwiri: hemorrhagic (magazi, anicteric) ndi icteric. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zochitika zambiri, koma zili ndi agalu amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana.

Hemorrhagic mawonekedwe a leptospirosis

Amadziwika ndi magazi a kunja komanso mkati mucous. Izi ndichifukwa cha mphamvu ya endotoxins pamakoma a zombo zazing'ono. Pafupifupi theka la nyama zomwe zikudwala magazi a leptospirosis amatha kufa. Zotsatirazi zimatengera kuchitika komanso chitukuko cha matenda olimba ndi mphamvu ya matendawa. Makina akaboola, ndiye kuti sangathe kuchira.

Nthawi zina, Zizindikiro zimayamba kukhala “zopanda pake”: matendawa amapezeka kuti ndi aulesi. Galu samakhalabe wogwira, zizindikiro zake za leptospirosis zimatsika. Pakatha masiku kapena milungu ingapo, zizindikiro za matendawa zimayambiranso. Matendawa amapitilira mafunde.

Pafupifupi tsiku lachitatu, nembanemba yam'mimba imayamba kutuluka magazi, kuphatikiza ziwalo zamkati. Izi zitha kuonedwa ndi kupezeka kwa magazi kumiyendo ya galu. Amatha kukhala ndi malungo, kutsekula m'mimba komanso kudzimbidwa. Mkhalidwe wachilengedwewo ukusintha. Galu yemwe samalandira chithandizo amwalira.

Icteric mawonekedwe a leptospirosis

Kwambiri, nyama zazing'ono zimakhudzidwa ndi mawonekedwe awa. Leptospirosis agalu pa chithunzi, ndi chitukuko cha zochitika izi, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a mucous ndi mawonekedwe a khungu mumithunzi zachikaso. Zomwe sizitanthauza kusatheka kowonetsera magazi. Hemorrhage ndi jaundice zimatha kukhalapo nthawi imodzi.

Kuphatikiza pakuwonjezereka bilirubin m'mwazi, kumatupa a chiwindi, kuchepa kwa magazi ndi kufa kwa parenchyma, komanso kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira amwazi. Jaundice wotchulidwa sikuti nthawi zonse umayambitsa vuto la kusokonekera kwa chiwindi. Kulephera kwaimpso kumachitika pafupipafupi.

Zizindikiro

Anamnesis, Zizindikiro zimapangitsa kuti munthu adziwe kuti ali ndi vuto lililonse. Koma maphunziro a labotale amatenga gawo lalikulu. Njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikusanthula kwa serological. Mothandizidwa ndi kafukufukuyu, mitundu yonse ya pathogenic leptospira imadziwika.

Kuphatikiza pa njira zachikhalidwe, zamakono kusanthula kwa leptospirosis mu agalu zikuphatikiza mayeso awiri:

• kuyesa kwa fluorescence kwa ma antibodies ndi antigen,
• polymerase unyolo reaction (kuphatikiza ma molekyulu a DNA).

Njira izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mkodzo wa nyama yodwala komanso zitsanzo za minofu. Mukatenga zitsanzo ndikuwunikira, zimayeneranso kukumbukiridwa kuti kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa matendawa mpaka mawonekedwe a leptospira mkodzo masiku angapo atadutsa. Chidziwitso chodalirika kwambiri ndi zitsanzo za minofu zomwe zimapezeka ndi biopsy.

Polymerase chain reaction ndi njira yatsopano yoberekera (kukulitsa) ma mamolekyu a DNA, omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti muwadziwe molimba mtima za causative wothandizila wa matendawa. Kuzindikira kwa mayesowo kumatha kubweretsa vuto labodza ngati zitsanzo zomwe zimatengedwa kuti zikusanthule zadetsedwa. Njira ndi yatsopano kwambiri, sikuti nthawi zonse pamakhala zida zofufuza zachipatala.

Chithandizo

Ngakhale pa nthawi mankhwalawa leptospirosis agalu sizitsimikizira kuti zotsatira zabwino zikhala. Nyama zina zimachiritsidwa kwathunthu, zina zimafa, ndipo zina zimatha kuvutika chifukwa cha matendawa.

Therapy a leptospirosis amathetsa mavuto angapo:

• kuchotsa kwa matenda a leptospira omwe ali ndi kachilombo mthupi,
• Kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a thupi la nyama, kuphatikiza kuchotsedwa kwa kuledzera,
• onjezerani chitetezo chazinyama.

Atangozindikira kuti ali ndi matendawa, thupi limayamba kuchoka. Zoyambira ndi njira ya mankhwala othandizira. Izi zimathandizira kuchizira matenda a chiwindi ndi impso, zimachepetsa kutulutsa mkodzo.

Maantibayotiki amachotsa mabakiteriya ku impso. Pambuyo pake, leptospira anasiya kufalitsa ndi mkodzo. Kuphatikiza apo, kubwezeretsa magwiridwe antchito a chiwindi, impso, mitsempha yamagazi, mtima, zovuta zovuta ntchito: hepatoprotectors, mavitamini, zakudya, zolimbikitsa zamtima.

Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti ndikwaniritse kuchira kwathunthu kwa leptospirosis mu galu

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Pathology imayambitsidwa ndi majeremusi a microscopic - leptospira (Leptospira), omwe amachulukana kwambiri mwachangu kwambiri ndipo amatengedwa ndi magazi mthupi lonse. Kunja, chifuwa chimafanana ndi ulusi wopyapyala womwe umasokonekera kuzungulira, motero dzinalo la leptospirosis.

Tizilombo timene timakhazikika modabwitsa kwachilengedwe: Zimachulukirachulukira pakumanga komanso kutentha mpaka madigiri 34, posintha nyengo yozizira. Kukhazikika kwa mabakiteriya, monga lamulo, malo osungirako okhala ndi malo abwino achitukuko, komwe amakhala mpaka masiku 200, ndipo nthaka yonyowa (mpaka masiku 250). M'dothi louma, Leptospira amwalira atatha maola 12.

Kuyambitsa matenda agalu kumachitika motere:

• kudzera mu chakudya ndi madzi, momwe muli microparasites,
• Pakudya nyama zakufa zomwe zidwala ndi leptospirosis,
• posambira m'madziwe momwe Leptospira amawonera,
• mukamakula ndi mnzanu wodwala.

Nthawi ya makulitsidwe akuchokera masiku awiri mpaka 12.

Kuchulukana kwakukulu kwa majeremusi ndi chiwindi ndi impso, zomwe zimayambitsa kuledzera, dystrophy, kulephera kwamtima, muzovuta, zotsatira zakupha ndizotheka.

Matendawa ndi opatsirana ndipo amabweretsa chiopsezo kwa anthu ndi ziweto zina, ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupita kuchipatala chanthawi yayitali. Asanalumikizane ndi veterinarian, galu wodwala amayenera kudzipatula yekha, chifukwa amaweta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda limodzi ndi mkodzo, ndowe, ndi sputum kuchokera m'mapapu.

Ndi mtundu uti womwe ungagwere mosavuta

Galu aliyense amatha kudwala leptospirosis, mosasamala za mtundu. Pangozi ndi agalu osaka, omwe nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi madzi osayenda, nyama zapakhomo ndi zosowa.

Omwe atengeka kwambiri ndi matenda ndi ana agalu ndi achinyamata mpaka zaka 3, momwe chitetezo chokwanira sichikapangidwe kwathunthu, komanso agalu okalamba. Mu gulu lotsirizali, mawonekedwe a hemorrhagic a leptospirosis amapezeka makamaka.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro za leptospirosis zidzasiyana kutengera mtundu wa matendawa, omwe ali anayi.

Mitengo yosasamala (latent) imawonedwa ngati yopanda vuto kwambiri. Makhalidwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa kutentha kwa thupi (pazipita 1 degree), malo oponderezedwa a nyama, pallor kapena yellowness ya mucous membranes. Zizindikiro zimasowa tsiku lachiwiri atatenga kachilombo, galu amachira.

Fomu yovuta ndiosowa kwambiri. Nyamayi ndi yocheperako, mumkhalidwe ndipo pansi pa nsagwada zimakulirakulira. Kutentha kumakwera nthawi ndi nthawi, mkodzo umakhala ndi bulauni kapena mtundu wachikaso chakuda, chovalacho chimapumira pa sacrum ndi madera ena. Galu amabisala kwa anthu, kufunafuna malo omwe kuda kwambiri. Ma bere woyembekezera amabala ana okufa.

Fomu ya Fullminant (yapamwamba kwambiri) imakhala mpaka masiku awiri ndipo ili ndi chithunzi chotchuka. Kutentha kwa thupi kumadzuka kwambiri (mpaka madigiri 41,5) ndikukhazikika kwa maola angapo, kenako ndikugwa (mpaka madigiri 38). Khalidwe la galu limasintha, monga lamulo, limakhala lachiwawa komanso lankhanza.

Kupaka utoto wa mucous, kupuma mofulumira kumawonedwa. Uwu ndi mawonekedwe owopsa kwambiri, chifukwa ngati chiweto sichilandira chithandizo chamankhwala, chimafa.

Fomu yovuta imawonedwa mu agalu tating'ono. Kutentha kumakwera (mpaka madigiri 41,5), zimitsempha zam'mimba ndi sclera zimakhala chikaso. Mitsempha imagawidwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, imakhala yofiirira. Nthawi zina pamakhala kutsegula m'mimba, mu ndowe mumatha kuwona magazi. Galu, wovutitsidwa ndi ululu wammbuyo wamkaka, amathamangira uku ndi uku, kulira, nkhawa.

Epermermis necrosis imayamba, zilonda, kukokoloka, ndi mawonekedwe a zilonda pakhungu. Chovala chimakhala chosalala, chosalala chimawonekera.

Fomu ya subacute imakhala masabata awiri a 2-3 ndipo imadziwika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi: kutopa kofikira, kufooka, kunjenjemera kwa malekezero, zotulutsa purifona m'makona amaso, kutentha thupi mpaka madigiri 39,5. Zizindikiro zomwe zili mu mawonekedwe owopsa zimawonedwanso, koma sizikutchulidwa. Mitundu iyi imakhalanso yoopsa ndipo imatsogolera pakuphedwa kwa galu pakati pa milandu.

Njira zamankhwala othandizira komanso matendawo

Chithandizo cha leptospirosis ndi njira yayitali, yomwe imafunikira kuti munthu amvetsetse kwambiri za mwini galuyo. Mulimonse momwe mungakhalire otsimikiza, zimangowonjezera zotsatira zakupha. Malangizo a mankhwalawa nthawi zonse ndi amodzi, kutengera zaka, mtundu wa matendawa komanso momwe nyama ilili.

Mankhwala amathandizidwa ndi veterinarian, chithandizo ndipo njira zonse zimachitika motsogozedwa ndi katswiri. Malamulo owunikira chitetezo chamunthu polimbana ndi matenda sayenera kunyalanyazidwa!

Kuchiza kumachitika movutikira ndikugawika magawo anayi:

1. Kuwonongeka kwa Leptospira - ndi causative wothandizila matendawa.
2. Kukondoweza kwa mtima ndi ntchito.
3. Kuchotsa poizoni, kuletsa kuzunzidwa ndi kutsekula m'mimba.
4. Ntchito zamkati ndi chiwindi zimabwezeretsa, kupatsirana kwa m'mimba thirakiti.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti maziko a chithandizo chopambana, koposa zonse, kulimbana ndi majeremusi. Magawo otsala a mankhwalawa amatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha ziweto.

Kuchepetsa kapena kuwononga kwathunthu leptospira, chithandizo chamankhwala chimachitika, chomwe chimagwira kwambiri mu maola ndi masiku oyamba. Kwa izi, seramu ya hyperimmune imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa masiku awiri, ndikuyang'anira kuchuluka: 0,5 ml ya mankhwalawa pa 1 makilogalamu olemera a thupi.

Poletsa microparasites omwe ali mkati mwa ziwalo zamkati, mankhwala ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri amawagwiritsa ntchito (Bicillin-1, Bicillin-3, Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Streptomycin), omwe amathandizidwa mosagwirizana, kudzera m'mitsempha kapena m'mitsempha. Mlingo wakhazikitsidwa ndi dokotala payekhapayekha.

Njira yothandiza ndi hemodialysis, chifukwa chomwe tizilomboti tingachotse magazi. Komabe, si chipatala chilichonse chomwe chili ndi zida zoyenera.

Chithandizo cha Zizindikiro chimaphatikizanso kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa mitsempha, komwe kumaphatikizanso othandizira kupatsa mphamvu komanso antispasmodics. Mankhwala a Hepaprotential (Essentiale, LIV-52, Karsil) amadziwika kuti azithandiza chiwindi, anticonvulsants (Phenobarbital, Diazepam, Levitiracetam) kuti athetse kukomoka.

Njira yotupa imachotsedwa mothandizidwa ndi Flaming ndi Dexafort. Madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi khungu amathandizidwa ndi chlorhexidine, Miramistin kapena hydrogen peroxide.

Tserukal imakhazikitsidwa ngati mankhwala antiemetic.

Tisaiwale kuti mtima wa nyama umalemedwa ndi katundu, chifukwa chake pamafunika thandizo. Kuti muchepetse ntchito zamtima, mavitamini a magulu B ndi C amagwiritsidwa ntchito, jakisoni wa Riboxin.

Pambuyo pa matendawa, galu amakula chitetezo chokwanira kwa zaka zingapo. Komabe, ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso, nyama zambiri zimanyamula leptospira kwa nthawi yayitali.Kuti mudziwe ngati galu amanyamula mabakiteriya, muyenera kuyesa kuyesa kwa mkodzo miyezi ingapo mutachira kwathunthu.

Ponena za zoneneratu, veterinari amawapereka mosamala kwambiri. Ngati mankhwala ayamba munthawi yake, ndiye kuti mu 50% ya milandu yomwe nyamazo zimapuma, monga lamulo, pa tsiku la 14-21. Komabe, ngati ziwalo zofunika monga chiwindi ndi impso ziwonongeka kwambiri, chiopsezo cha kufa ndichokwera kwambiri.

Zoyenera kuchita kunyumba

Zithandizo zonse zapakhomo zilibe mphamvu motsutsana ndi leptospirosis. Chithandizo chokhacho chokhazikitsidwa ndi katswiri chingapulumutse galu. Mwiniwake amafunikira kuti azikhala mwamtendere kwambiri ndi chiweto chokhala ndi miyendo inayi, mtendere ndi thanzi labwino.

Popeza nyamayo imayambitsa matenda, iyenera kukhala m'chipinda china, chisamaliro chikuyenera kuyang'aniridwa, kuyang'anira chitetezo (gwiritsani ntchito zovala ndi magulovu). Malo omwe nyamayo idawonongeka imatsukidwa ndi Bleach, mankhwala opha tizilombo ndi ayodini.

Nyama zofooka, monga lamulo, zimakana kudya, koma kudya chakudya sikofunikira. Panthawi yamankhwala, chakudya cha galu chimakhala ndi zakudya zomwe sizikhala ndi mapuloteni ochepa.

Katemera akayamba kuchira, amayeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zochepa zomwe sizimachotsera katundu chiwindi ndi ziwalo zina zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndi matendawo. Chakudya ichi galu amatsata moyo wake wonse.

Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira, omwe angagulidwe ku chipatala cha Chowona Zanyama. Ngati galu amapatsidwa chakudya chachilengedwe, ndiye kuti chakudyacho chizikhala ndi nkhuku yophika kapena nkhuku, oatmeal ndi phala la mpunga, owiritsa m'madzi, masamba, zipatso (ngati palibe exacerbations wa gastroenteritis).

Galu ayenera kulandira madzi oyenera, momwe mukufunikira kuwonjezera decoction ya udzu wa choleretic.

Zovuta zotheka

Ngati galuyo apulumuka, pambuyo pake amatha kukumana ndi zovuta monga chiwindi, impso, komanso kugaya chakudya dongosolo. Kuchira kwa thupi kumatenga miyezi itatu kapena itatu. Munthawi imeneyi, njira zamankhwala zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enzyme ndi hepaprotective.

Njira zopewera

Njira yokhayo yothanirana ndi leptospirosis ndi katemera. Ponyalanyaza njirayi, mwini wakeyo amaika chiweto chake pachiwopsezo. Pharmacology yamakono imapereka katemera osiyanasiyana, mwa omwe otchuka kwambiri ndi Multican, Nobivak, Biovak.

Musalole kuti chiweto chizisambira m malo osungirako ndi madzi osasunthika, kuchepetsa kulumikizana ndi agalu osochera. Pa chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda, funsanani ndi veterinarian wanu nthawi yomweyo. Kumbukirani kuti leptospirosis, kuphatikizapo matenda a chiwewe komanso matenda am'mimba, ndi matenda oopsa.

Magawo ndi mitundu ya matendawa

Pali magawo awiri akuluakulu mu leptospirosis:

1. Bacteria siteji - kuchulukitsidwa kwa tizilombo tomwe timadutsa mu kuzungulira kwa thupi pambuyo polowera kulowa mthupi.
2. Gawo la poizoni - kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zamkati komanso kuledzera kwambiri kwa thupi. Pakadali pano matenda, zizindikiro zimawonekera.

Kutengera ndi matendawa, magawo angapo amasiyanitsidwa:

1. Lakuthwa. Matendawa amatuluka kwambiri. M'masiku ochepa chabe, zovuta zimatha kukhala ngati kukana ntchito ya impso, chiwindi ndi ziwalo zina zamkati. Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kufa.
2. Kugonjera. Matendawa amatuluka pang'onopang'ono (kuyambira masiku 10 mpaka 20). Ngozi yakupha imachepa.
3. Matenda Ngati thupi la nyamayo likwanitsa kupulumuka m'matumbo athu, matendawa amathanso kukhala matenda omwe amatha mwezi umodzi mpaka zaka zingapo. Kuchulukana kumatha kuchitika ndi kuchepa kwa chitetezo chokwanira, chifukwa ndizosatheka kuchira kwathunthu ku matendawa. Bacteria amakhalabe m'malo osavomerezeka ndipo amathandizira pansi pazovomerezeka.
4. Zachikale kapena zofananira. Matendawa samadzipangitsa kumva, koma nyamayo imanyamula matenda.

Kufotokozera Kwambiri pa Matendawa

Leptospirosis ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri. Ng'ombe, nkhumba, agalu, amphaka, akavalo, nyama zaubweya, makoswe komanso mbalame zimatha kugwera. Nyama zazing'ono ndi anthu amakhudzidwa makamaka ndi oyambitsa matendawa. Leptospirosis mu agalu imaperekedwa kwa anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kutenga matenda kuchokera kumahatchi, ng'ombe ndi amphaka am'nyumba.

The causative wothandizila matenda a Stuttgart ndi bakiteriya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Leptospira, am'banja la spirochete. Mwa njira, wotumbululuka treponema (gram-negative spirochete) ndi wochititsa wothandizira wa matenda owopsa - syphilis.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a pathogenic timatha kugwira ntchito yawo kwakanthawi kothandizidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Samakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kochepa komanso ngakhale njira yozizira. Malo abwino kwambiri pakupanga leptospira ndi malo okhala ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 34 mpaka 36 ndi chinyezi cholimba. Mothandizidwa ndi kuwala kwadzuwa, leptospira amwalira mkati mwa mphindi 120 (kutentha kumayenera kukhala madigiri 76). Kugwiritsa ntchito chiwonongeko cha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi njira:

Kufalitsa kwa tizilomboka kumachitika tikakumana ndi nyama yodwala kapena yodwala yomwe imanyamula mabakiteriya okhala ndi tizilomboti. Leptospira amamasulidwa m'chilengedwe makamaka ndi mkodzo wamafuta. Zikafika pa zinyalala, m'dambo kapena padziwe, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayamba kuchulukana kwambiri. Njira yayikulu yodwala matendawa ndi yopatsa thanzi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito madzi akuda kuchokera pachidamba kapena padziwe lamadzi, pamakhala kuthekera kwakukulu kofalikira ndi leptospirosis.

Zindikirani! Leptospirosis itha kupatsidwanso kachilomboka m'njira yolumikizana ndi matenda - monga kulumidwa ndi tizilombo tomwe timayamwa magazi monga nkhupakupa, udzudzu kapena utitiri.

Agalu amatha kutenga kachilombo ngati leptospira ilowa pamalo owonekera kapena pang'onopang'ono pakamwa, pamphuno, kapena m'matumbo. Pambuyo pokhudzana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, matenda amatuluka pakatha masiku 1-1,5.

Kulowa ndi magazi otuluka kulowa mthupi, leptospira imatumizidwa ku chiwindi, kuchulukana ndikufalikira pambuyo pake machitidwe onse. Zotsatira za momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimagwirira ntchito tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, kutentha kwa thupi kumakwera.

Pamene leptospira ilowa mu mawonekedwe a impso, kutentha kwa thupi kumabwezeretseka. Izi ndichifukwa choti impso zimateteza ku ma antibodies opangidwa ndi thupi lawo. Pokhala machitidwe a impso, otsogolamo tubules, mabakiteriya achulukana osasokonezedwa. Mukukaberekanso ndi ntchito ya leptospira, maselo ofiira amafa, omwe akuphatikizira kukula kwa kuchepa kwa magazi (kuchepa kwa magazi) komanso mawonekedwe a jaundice (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa pigment inayake - bilirubin). Pakakhala kuti palibe chithandizo chamanthawi yake, nyamayo imafa chifukwa cholephera ndi mtima komanso kulephera kwa impso.

Zotsatira ndi kupewa leptospirosis mu agalu

Agalu opulumutsidwa kwathunthu, kulimbikira kwa chitetezo chamthupi kutenganso matenda a leptospirosis amapangidwa. Kutalika kwa chitetezo chokwanira kumawerengeredwa pakapita zaka. Koma veterinarians amalimbikitsa katemera wa chizolowezi ndi katemera ku leptospirosis agalu. Posamalira nyama yodwala, njira zopewera chitetezo ndi ukhondo payekha ziyenera kuonedwa, popeza leptospirosis mu agalu imatha kupatsidwira anthu.

Zindikirani! Kukhazikitsidwa kwa seramu yotsutsana ndi leptospirosis ya agalu ngati mukukakamizidwa kuchotsedwa kwa chiweto kumalo osakhala athanzi chifukwa cha matendawa ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Katemera motsutsana ndi leptospirosis ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakudziteteza. Azipatala ambiri azachipatala amatha kupereka katemera wovuta kwambiri yemwe amateteza chiweto ku matenda opatsirana monga:

Kuti muteteze chiweto chanu, muyenera kuyamba katemera pamene ana agalu ali ndi milungu 8. Mobwerezabwereza makonzedwe a seramu yofunikira amafunika pakatha milungu 22. Katemera aliyense asanafike, ndikofunikira kuyamba kuchita mame, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana a antiparasitic. Muyenera kukambirana kaye ndi veterinarian.

Matenda Agalu

Kutengera kuthamanga kwa kakulidwe komanso kukula kwa chiwonetsero cha matendawa, mitundu ingapo ya leptospirosis imasiyanitsidwa.

• The pachimake maphunziro a matendawa amakhala ndi kukula msanga (mpaka masiku 5) ndi chiwonetsero chachikulu cha zizindikiro. Imfa yakufika 80%.
• Maphunziro a subacute a matendawa sadziwika ndi chitukuko chofulumira chotere (masiku 10-20) monga pachimake, komanso kuwonetsa pang'ono kwa zizindikiro. Imfa - mpaka 50%.
• Njira yodwalayo yamatenda imadutsa pachimake kapena subacute. Uku ndikuchita mochenjera, kumatha kukhala zaka zingapo, motsutsana ndi chithandizo chakanthawi zonse, zizindikiro sizipezeka, nthawi zina zina zimayamba kukulira.
• Njira yotsatirika kapena yokhala ngati ya asymptomatic imayamba ngati chitetezo cha galuyo chili cholimba ndipo sichilola kuti tizilomboti tifalikire thupi lonse. Zimathanso kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Palibe chizindikiro cha matendawa chomwe chikuwonetsedwa, komabe, leptospira yogwira amatha kumasulidwa ndi galu kwa zaka zingapo.

Hemorrhagic (anicteric) mawonekedwe a leptospirosis

Akuluakulu ndi agalu okalamba amadwala kwambiri mwanjira iyi. Imatha kukhala yovuta kwambiri kapena yowonda. Matendawa amawonekera mwadzidzidzi ndi kuponderezana kwakukulu, kutentha kwa thupi kumakwera, kufooka kumachitika, kufooka kwamphamvu, kufiira kwamkati mwa mucous nembanemba. Pa tsiku lachitatu la matendawa, zotupa (zotupa) zimatuluka pakhungu lonse la mucous, kusanza ndi kutsegula m'mimba ndi magazi, kuphulika pamalo a jekeseni kumadziwika. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zotupa zam'minyewa zam'mimba, kupweteka kwa impso, kukoka kwambiri.

Chithunzi: ohgiggle

Kukula kwa matendawo kapena mtundu wa hemorrhagic mitundu yamatenda nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta. Ngati chiweto chidakhala ndi matendawa, chimatha kudwala chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ziwalo zofunika (chiwindi, impso, ndi zina). Kusintha kupita ku mtundu wobiriwira kumakhalanso ndi chikhalidwe, galu akakhala wobiriwira kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zotsatira za leptospirosis mu agalu

Ngati galu wadwala matenda a leptospirosis, amatenga chitetezo chokwanira cha matendawa, komabe, kukanika kwa chiwindi, impso ndi ziwalo zina zofunika chifukwa chokhala ndi poizoni wa leptospira, monga lamulo, sizingasinthe.

Ndi chifukwa cha zovuta zazikulu izi zomwe matendawa amakhala osachiritsika, omwe amatha zaka zingapo (ndipo nthawi zina moyo wonse) ndipo amafunikira chithandizo chothandizira nthawi zonse.

Komanso musaiwale kuti chiweto chomwe chakhala ndi leptospirosis chitha kupatsira ena kwanthawi yayitali, chifukwa ndi chonyamula leptospirosis.

Galu amatha kutenga leptospirosis

Matendawa amatha kuchitika mwachindunji ndi nyama zodwala kapena zonyamula leptospirosis (nthawi zambiri, makoswe okhala ngati mbewa amakhala onyamula matenda).

Kulumikizana ndi makoswe amtundu kumatha kuyambitsa leptospirosis. Chithunzi Pazithunzi: Adamu Levison

Leptospira amatha kukhala m'malo achilengedwe kwanthawi yayitali, makamaka nyengo yotentha. Mwachitsanzo, amawasunga m'madzi oyera kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kutenga matenda kudzera mu leptospira zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osamalira ndi kudyetsa, chakudya ndi madzi (kuphatikiza ndikusamba m'malo osungirako ndi madzi oyimilira).

Galu asasambe madzi osasunthika. Chithunzi: Simon

Matendawa amalowa mkatikati mwa ziwalo za mucous (nthawi zambiri kudzera m'matumbo am'mimba pamene leptospira imalowetsedwa ndi chakudya kapena madzi), komanso kudzera pakhungu, ngati ili ndi kuwonongeka pang'ono, kenako kufalikira kudzera m'magazi a galu.

Gulu lamavuto

Omwe atenga matendawa ndi nyama zomwe chitetezo chake chimachepetsedwa, makamaka akadzaza.

Agalu osaka ali pachiwopsezo chotenga leptospirosis. Chithunzi: Andrea Pokrzywinski

Zina zomwe zili pachiwopsezo ndi agalu omwe amasungidwa momwe angathenso kutenga magwero a matenda, kuphatikizapo agalu osaka.

Wonyamula

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti nthawi iliyonse yamatendawa, komanso mutachira m'thupi la kachilombo koyambitsidwa, leptospira yodziwika bwino imabisidwa (makamaka ndi mkodzo).

Ngati galuyo sanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala opha majeremusi athunthu omwe cholinga chake ndi kuwononga mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndiye kuti microcarrier angapitirizebe zaka zikubwerazi.

Mlingo wokhawo wokwanira wa chitetezo cha mthupi umateteza agalu onyamula kuti asatenge matenda kupita pachimake, ndi kuchepa kwa chitetezo chokwanira, matendawa amatha kubwerera.

Leptospirosis imafalikira kwa anthu.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukumbukira kuti mitundu yambiri ya nyama, komanso anthu, imakonda leptospirosis. Ndipo mitundu ya leptospira, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda mu agalu, imayambitsanso leptospirosis mwa anthu.

Ngati mukukayikira galu wa leptospirosis mu galu wanu, muyenera kufunsa dokotala wakuchipatala kuti adziyang'anire. Matendawa ndi opatsirana kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kusamala posamalira chiweto chodwala ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo a ukhondo - zanu, galu, komanso pokhudzana ndi chisamaliro chake komanso zakudya zake.

Chithunzi Chojambulidwa: Robert Tadlock

Yang'anirani zaumoyo wanu ndipo ngati zikuipira kapena ngati pakukayikira chilichonse, kaonanani ndi dokotala kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa mu nthawi yake komanso kupewa zomwe zingachitike.

Leptospirosis Serum

Pamankhwala othandizira a leptospirosis a pachimake ndi subacute maphunziro, seramu yokhala ndi hyperimmune imagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, imathandizira kwambiri pachitetezo cha galu, popeza imakhala ndi zida zopangira antibodies zotsutsana ndi pathogen, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pomenya nkhondo nthawi yomweyo, maola 3-4 atatha kutsata. Woopsa milandu milandu, mobwerezabwereza hyperimmune leptospirosis seramu mu theka mlingo amaloledwa patatha masiku 2-3 itatha yoyamba.

Kuthandizira kuthana ndi matenda, komanso kuchotsa leptospirosis, nyama yodwala imayikidwa kwa nthawi yayitali (pafupifupi mwezi) yodziletsa ndi penicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, cephalosporin, ndi quinolone.

Chithunzi: emily_grossman

Ndikofunika kwambiri kutsatira malangizo a dotolo ndikumaliza maphunzirowo osayimitsa ngakhale atachira, popeza agalu pambuyo pa leptospirosis, pathogen yogwira imachotsedwa mu mkodzo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Komanso, chithandizo ndizovomerezeka:

• kuthetsa kuledzera komwe kumachitika ndi leptospira,
• Kubwezeretsa ntchito za ziwalo zowonongeka ndi machitidwe (chiwindi, impso, chimbudzi, kupuma, mtima),
• Sinthani magazi pakupanga magazi kwambiri,
• Kubwezeretsanso kwa mchere wamchere mthupi.

Zakudya

Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi leptospirosis, nyama zimafunika kudya mosamalitsa, zomwe zimatengera zomwe ziwalo zake zimadwala.

Chithunzi: Harriet ndi Spare Cat

Kudyetsa zakudya zapamwamba zapamwamba kwambiri kumakhala koyenera kwambiri, pafupipafupi kudyetsa kuyenera kuchulukitsidwa, ndipo magawo azichepetsedwa kuti muchepetse nkhawa pazinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa.

Chitetezo chokwanira

Agalu omwe adwala ndi leptospirosis, chitetezo chokhazikika chimapangidwa, i.e. mtsogolomo, mwayi wokhala ndi leptospirosis kachiwiri umachepetsedwa kukhala zero. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira lingaliro limodzi: chitetezo chokwanira pamenepa chidzangokhala mtundu wa leptospira womwe unayambitsa matendawa.Izi zikutanthauza kuti galu amathanso kudwala ndi leptospirosis ngati mtundu wina wa leptospira (serovar) ulowa m'thupi lake.

Katemera (katemera) ndi leptospirosis

Ogwira njira kwambiri kuteteza Pet ku leptospirosis ndi kudzera katemera pachaka. Mwachizolowezi, katemera wa leptospirosis ndi gawo limodzi la katemera wotchuka wa polyvalent wa agalu.
The zikuchokera katemera motsutsana leptospirosis kumaphatikizapo inactivated (kupha) leptospira, amene sangathe matenda nyama, koma chifukwa mapangidwe chitetezo kwa leptospirosis ndi mawonekedwe chitetezo chokwanira kwa chaka chimodzi.

Katemera kusankha

Katemera amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi leptospira wa mitundu iwiri yomwe imadziwika kwambiri (serovars). Komabe, agalu kuti amavutika kuti apeze magwero a matenda (pamaso kawirikawiri mu malo m'madambo, nkotheka kukumana ndi nyama zakuthengo, makamaka makoswe, etc.), ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito katemera ndi monga osiyanasiyana leptospira ngati nkotheka.

Katemera Leptospirosis

Simuyenera kusankha nokha katemera, dokotala wowerengera sangakuchitireni zabwino, poganizira mawonekedwe a chiweto chanu komanso momwe mungakhalire leptospirosis mdera lanu.

Photo: Melinda ndi Mission

opanga ambiri kubala limodzi ndi multivalent katemera onse (iwo ali ndi zovuta za katemera matenda osiyanasiyana) Komabe, chiwerengero cha mitundu ya leptospira inactivated angakhale osiyana. Katemera wotchuka wa polyvalent agalu: Biokan (ochokera ku mitundu 3 ya leptospira), Vangard kuphatikiza (2 ndi 4), Dyramun max (4), Multikan (2 ndi 3), Nobivak (2), Eurikan (2).

Poyamba, katemera katemera amenewa ikuchitika kuti ana agalu pa masabata 8-9 zakubadwa ndi kukonzanso katemera pambuyo masabata 3. Ngati galu wamkulu ndi katemera kwa nthawi yoyamba, utsogoleli ndiye mobwerezabwereza zachitika pambuyo pa mwezi. M'tsogolomu, Katemera ayenera kuchitika chaka chilichonse.

Kusamalitsa kofunika

Kuwonjezera katemera, muyenera kutsatira angapo kusamalitsa amene angakuthandizeni kuteteza Pet ku matenda.

• Pewani kulumikizana ndi nyama yodwala. M'pofunika kuti achotse kukhudzana za chiweto ndi agalu odwala ndi matenda, komanso zinthu zawo kudyetsa ndi chisamaliro, monga iwo matenda.
• Samalani poyenda. Musalole galu wanu kudya kapena kumwa chilichonse kunja mukuyenda, chifukwa chitha kupezeka ndi leptospira. Kukayenda yaitali, kubweretsa madzi abwino kwa galu wanu.
• Kuchenjeza pamene akusambira mu mchere. Musalole kuti chiweto chanu chisambe m'madzi otseguka ndi madzi osasinthika, omwe leptospira amakhalapo nthawi yayitali.
• Kulimbana makoswe. Musalole Pet kupeza ndi makoswe mbewa - iwo ali ndi leptospirosis.
• Zoyenera kukhala mndende. Perekani Pet ndi zinthu moyenera, chakudya chamagulu ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi awa Nzofunikira kulimbikitsa chitetezo chokwanira achilengedwe.

Leptospirosis ndi matenda amene N'chapafupi kupewa ndi katemera ndi kochepa mosamala kuposa ndiye ankachitira, chifukwa Sizotheka kuti atenge miyeso kutero. Ndipo ngati chiwewe chayamba kuwonetsa zizindikiritso za matendawa - osataya mphindi ndikuthamangira kwa veterinarian.

Kupereka galu wanu kukayenda ndi madzi abwino akumwa, musalole kumwa mchere. Photo: Mark Robinson

Mukamayamba chithandizo kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, zimapangitsa kuti matendawo azikhala bwino komanso zotsatira zoyipa za galu wanu.