Cacapo ndi mtundu wa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zaku New Zealand. Ndizosiyana ndi zina chifukwa sizinasinthebe kuyambira nthawi zamakedzana ndipo ndi zamasiku ano: makolo ndi makolo a fuko la Nestor adasiyana ndi mitundu ina yazaka 800 miliyoni zapitazo, pomwe New Zealand idasiyana ndi Gondwana. A Kakapo, komabe, adasiyana ndi mitundu ya mitundu yopanda-estoric zaka 70 miliyoni zapitazo. Zimawonjezeranso kupadera kwake kuti mtunduwu suudziwa kuuluka, umatsogolera moyo wamadzulo, ndipo ndiye parrot wamkulu (wolemera 2-4 kg pa average).

Zowonjezerazo ndi zachikasu zobiriwira ndi madontho akuda, zili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino nkhope, nthenga za vibrissiform (masharubu), mulomo wawukulu wa imvi, miyendo yayifupi, miyendo yayikulu ndi mapiko aang'ono, komanso mchira wochepa. Kakapo adalephera kuuluka mwachangu, akugwiritsa ntchito mapiko kuyeza kapena kukonza kuchokera pamtengo wina kupita pa umzake, kapena kufewetsa mphuno nthawi yakugwa ndikudumpha. Amuna ndi akazi, mtundu wamtundu wakugonana umawonedwa. Kulera ana ang'ono kumatha popanda wamwamuna. Kakapo ndi mtundu wokhawo wa paroti womwe umakhala ndi mtundu woswana wa polygynous.

Nthenga za cacapo zimabwereranso bwino pamitunduyo, kulola kuti mbalamezo zigwere "bwino" kumbuyo. Kakapo amakhala ndi fungo labwino, losangalatsa.

Chifukwa chamoyo wawo wamadzulo komanso wofanana kwambiri ndi kadzidzi, amatchedwanso mbalame za kadzidzi. Mbalameyi imakhala yowonda kwambiri, imakhala ndi mafuta ambiri amthupi, ngakhale imakwera mitengo yabwino ndi malo ena amwala ku New Zealand, sizimalumphanso, koma makamaka imathamanga.

Osawopa anthu, ochezeka kwambiri, ena mwachilengedwe amawayerekezera ndi mwana wa ana. Chidwi. Asayansi amatsimikiza kuti kakapo iliyonse imakhala ndi chikhalidwe chotchulidwa.

Ngakhale amatchedwa mbalame za kadzidzi, amatsatira zakudya zamasamba, amakonda zipatso, masamba ndi masamba.

Kodi anapulumuka bwanji mpaka lero?

Kakapo ndiye parrot wosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Iwo anali ndi mwayi pang'ono kuposa Dodo (gulu lankhondo) lotchuka kuchokera ku Australia. Monga mukudziwa, a Dodos analinso odyetsedwa bwino komanso samadziwa kuwuluka, chifukwa kunalibe chifukwa: kunalibe zilombo zachilengedwe zomwe zinali ndi zilombo ku zilumbazi. Zinawachitikira tsoka lalikulu atangobwera kumene, pomwe olamulira amabwera kuchokera kudzikolo. Kakapo analinso opanda adani achilengedwe. Zoyenera kudya zokhazokha ndizo mitundu itatu ya mileme. Ziweto sizinali zowopsa makamaka kwa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe. Pachifukwa chosavuta chonchi, Kakapo sanaphunzire kuteteza kapena kuukira, ndipo koposa - kuthawa adani. Izi zidapangitsa parrot kukhala pachiwopsezo pamene nyama zosakhala ku New Zealand zochokera kumayiko ena zizayamba kuwonekera.

Kakapo adavutika atabwera a Polynesians, koma adakwanitsa kuchira, koma azungu, omwe adafika mzaka za 19 ndi zinthu zonse zopangidwa mwa namwali ku New Zealand adayika kakapo kuti adzawonongeka: kuchokera kumazana zikwizikwi mzaka 150 zatsankho, chiwerengerochi chidatsikira mazana a zolinga.

Anthu a ku New Zealand ayenera kupatsidwapo ndalama zawo: akupanga zoyesayesa zilizonse kuti zitheke zachilengedwe. Pang'onopang'ono amapambana. Kakapo ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zazitali kwambiri - zimakhala zaka 90-95, zomwe ndi zambiri. Mbalamezi ndizokhazikika pazilumba zopanda anthu ndi zilombo (Codfish, Ankor ndi Little Barrier), pomwe odzipereka ndi akatswiri ochokera ku ntchito yopulumutsa amawayang'anira. Komanso boma, makampani oyimilira ndi okhalamo ali okondwa kuthandiza cocoa, ndipo ma parrot nawonso asandulika chizindikiro cha dziko komanso kunyada.

Munthu m'modzi yekha amakhala nthawi zonse ndi anthu - Cirocco, yemwe sanazike mizu kuthengo. Amayendayenda kuzungulira dzikolo ndi dziko lonse lapansi, kuthandiza kudziwa za mawonekedwe ake.

Pali zosankha za odzipereka. Kuti mukhale iye, ndikufuna kukuwuzani, muyenera kukhala wathanzi! Kunyamula chikwama cholemera makilogalamu 15 kwa maola 8 kudutsa m'nkhalango ndi m'miyala si ntchito kwa maimpu. Muyeneranso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, kulimbitsa thupi, kutemera onse, ndi kupatsidwa mwayi wokhala ku New Zealand! Kusuntha kumodzi kumatenga milungu iwiri.

Kumbukirani abale athu ang'ono! Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti zochepa zomwe zimadziwika za cacapo. Uzani achibale anu ndi anzanu, onetsani vidiyoyi. Mbalamezi zimayenera kudziwika ndi kukumbukiridwa, chifukwa ndi ife, anthu, omwe pafupifupi afafanizira mitengo yobiriwira iyi. Zikomo chifukwa chondipatsa chidwi!

Kufuna kudziwa chilichonse

Mbalame yayikuluyi - cacapo, kapena kadzidzi, (Strigops habroptilus) ndiyo parrot yokhayo yomwe yayiwalika momwe imawulukira mu nthawi ya chisinthiko. Chimakhala kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa South Island (New Zealand), komwe imabisala m'nkhalango zowirira za nkhalango. Kunali pamenepo, pansi pa mizu ya mitengo, kuti parrot iyi imapanga dzenje. Amakhala tsiku lonse mkati mwake ndipo atangolowa dzuwa amachoka kumeneko kukafunafuna chakudya - mbewu, mbewu ndi zipatso.

Kakapo ndiye parachuti yekhayo wopanda ndege padziko lapansi. Tiyeni tiwone zambiri za iye ...

Chithunzi 2.

Asanapeze chilumba cha South Island ndi nzika za ku Europe, kambuku wa owl anali wopanda adani achilengedwe. Ndipo popeza mbalameyo sinafunikire kuthawa aliyense, imangolephera kuuluka. Masiku ano, kakapo amatha kukonzekera kuchokera kutalika kochepa (20-25 mita).

Chithunzi 3.

Nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zamtundu wa kadzidzi zimakhala pafupi ndi a Maori, nzika zakutchire ku New Zealand, zomwe zimawasaka, koma zimagwira mbalame zochuluka momwe zimatha kudya. Kakapo anali mitundu yambiri panthawiyo, koma a Maori adayamba kudula nkhalangoyi kuti alime mbatata zotchedwa "Kumara", yams ndi taro (timadzala tadzala tamadonthoyi) timadyera. Chifukwa chake, mosalolera adataya zimbudzi za malo awo okhala.

Chithunzi 4.

Chiwerengero cha kadzidzi wa kadzidzi inachepa pang'onopang'ono, koma mbalamezo zinali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndikufika kwa okhala ku Europe, omwe adabweretsa amphaka, agalu, ermines ndi makoswe nawo. Akuluakulu a ku Kakapo adatha kuthawa adani, koma sanathe kupulumutsa mazira ndi anapiye. Zotsatira zake, pofika 50s m'zaka za zana la 20, mbalame zamtundu wa owl 30 zokha zomwe zidatsala pachilumbacho.

Chithunzi 5.

Kuyambira pamenepo, kusaka cocoa ndi kutumiza kuchokera ku New Zealand kunali koletsedwa kwathunthu. Asayansi adayika anthu ena m'malo osungirako ndipo adayamba kutolera mazira awo kuti awatetezere kwa adani. M'malo osankhidwa mwapadera, mazira a cacapo amayikidwa pansi pa thonje lomwe limawaswa ngati awo. Lero, mbalame yapadera idalembedwa mu Red Book. Kuchuluka kwake kunachepa ndipo mpaka anayamba kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.

Chithunzi 6.

Kukula komwe kakapo amatha ndikukukwera pamtengo, ndikukonzekera kuzungulira pansi mpaka pansi. Asayansi amati kulephera kuuluka ndicho chizolowezi choyerekeza kupezeka kwathunthu kwa zilombo zachilengedwe.

Chithunzi 7.

Komanso, cacapo ndi parrot wamkulu padziko lapansi. Osatinso kuti, iye si wamkulu, ndi wamkulu! Kulemera kwa amuna kumafika pa 4 kg, komwe kumachepera pang'ono kuposa kulemera kwa taiga capercaillie. Komanso, mbalame zopanda mbalamezi, mwina, zitha kuwerengedwa ngati mbalame zokhalitsa kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi yawo yonse ya moyo ndi zaka 95.

Chithunzi 8.

Komabe, mwanjira inayake amakhala wamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo, malinga ndi mboni zowona ndi maso, fungo labwino. Poona fungo lomwe layamba, mwina limangodziwonetsa za kupezeka.

Kakapo amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi. Imapezeka ku New Zealand kokha, m'malo omwe ali ndi mitengo komanso zitsamba zosiyanasiyana. Kunena zowona, ndikulondola kunena kuti "takumana", popeza pakadali pano anthu zana limodzi ndi owerengeka okha ndi omwe anapulumuka. Chifukwa chachikulu chakuthera kwawo kwathunthu chinali chakudya champhongo nthawi zambiri omwe amadyera amabweretsa ku zilumba ndi azungu - makoswe, kudya anapiye ndi ndudu, ndi martens, achikulire osaka. Kuchepetsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwathandizanso kuti mbalame zizitha.

Chithunzi 9.

Ziwawa za cocoa zimakhala ndi mtundu woteteza. Mbali yake ya kumtunda ndi yobiriwira, yachikaso, ndipo pali malo akuda kapena a bulauni, omwe amapereka malo abwino kwambiri munthambi ndi udzu. Gawo lam'munsi la thupi limakhala lopepuka, nthenga pano ndizachikasu, ndipo zili ndi malo ang'onoang'ono obiriwira. Nthenga za cacapo ndizofewa modabwitsa, chifukwa zatopa kukhazikika komanso mphamvu zomwe nthenga za mbalame zouluka zimafunikira.

Chithunzi 10.

Chodabwitsa china cha parrot iyi ndi kukhalapo kwa mawonekedwe amaso ofanana ndi kadzidzi, chifukwa chake oyamba kumene ku Europe sanatchule china koma china owl parrot.

Mlomo wamphamvu woluka minyanga ya njovu umazunguliridwa ndi zigamba zazing'onoting'ono, mothandizidwa ndi mbalameyo kumdima. Khola lodziwika bwino la cacapo limakhala ndi nkhope imodzi pansi.

Chithunzi 11.

Miyendo ya parrot ndiyotupa, ndi zala zinai, ziwiri zoyang'ana kutsogolo, ndi ziwiri kumbuyo. Mchira wake nthawi zambiri umawoneka kuti wamtundu chifukwa chakuti umakoka pansi nthawi zonse.

Chithunzi 12.

Komabe, osati maonekedwe ndi zizolowezi zokha zomwe zimapangitsa kakapo kukhala mbalame yapadera. Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi miyambo yake yaukwati. Popeza anthu amakhala moyo wawo wodzipatula, abambo amafunikira kukopa zazikaziyo nthawi yakubala. Kuti achite izi, amagwiritsa ntchito mkokomo waukulu, wotsika-phokoso wopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito thumba lapadera la pakhosi. Kuti phokoso lifalikire bwino kuzungulira chigawochi, amphaka amakumba pansi mwamphamvuko wokhala pansi pafupifupi 10cm pansi, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati resonator.

Chithunzi 13.

Kanapo wamwamuna aliyense amayesera kupanga ena mwa omwe ali m'malo abwino - pamapiri ndi zitunda. Pazifukwa izi, otsutsa nthawi zambiri amayamba ndewu, pomwe milomo ndi milomo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mikangano, ndipo ndewu imayendetsedwa ndi kufuula kwakukulu.

Chithunzi 14.

Kwa miyezi itatu kapena inayi, mwamunayo amathera maola 8 usiku uliwonse, akuthamanga kuchokera ku bowo kupita ku dzenje ndikulengeza chigawocho ndi mawu omwe angamvedwe pamtunda wa 5 km. Panthawi imeneyi, amatha kutaya thupi mpaka theka.

Atamva kuyimbidwa kwa chikondi chachimuna, cacapo yachikazi nthawi zina amayenera kuyenda mtunda wautali mpaka afikire osankhidwa. Pambuyo pa chibwenzi chosavuta, kukwatirana kumachitika, pambuyo pake mkaziyo amabwerera kwawo, ndipo namphongoyo akupitiliza wakewo, akuyembekeza kukopa anzawo.

Chithunzi 15.

Chisa chimapezeka mwachindunji pansi, pansi pa chitseko cha mizu kapena zitsamba, kapena mitengo ikuluikulu yamtengo. Clutch imatha kukhala ndi mazira atatu, omwe makulidwe ake amatha masiku 30. Ndizachilendo kuti kuzungulira kwa kakapo sikunthawi, ndipo zimatengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya.

Chithunzi 16.

Anapiye amtundu wofiyidwa amasamalidwa ndi amayi awo pafupifupi chaka chimodzi mpaka atakhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Mbalamezi zinafika paunyamata osapitirira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri mpaka zisanu.

Amadya pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zipatso, mungu ndi mbewu. Zakudya zomwe amakonda kwambiri za kadzidzi wambiri ndi zipatso za mtengo wa ku Roma, zomwe mbalame imakonda mitundu yonse yazakudya (pomwe ilipo).

Chithunzi 17.