Ixodid nkhupakupa - onyamula ambiri tizilombo. Mpaka posachedwa, matenda angapo opatsirana ndi ma ixodid nkhupakupa, monga ma tick-borene encephalitis ndi maickick borick-borliesosis, adadziwika ku Russia. Mu 1998, ehrlichia ya monocytic idapezeka nkhupakupa, ndipo monocytic human ehrlichiosis idatsimikiziridwa koyamba mwa odwala, ndipo mu 2002 adotolo wothandizanso wa matenda ena opatsirana Mafunso Chachidziwikire, anaplasmosis.
Kukhalapo kwa njira imodzi yotengera matenda, maofesi ambiri komanso zonyamula ma pathojeni amatsimikiza kukhalapo kwa kuphatikizidwa kwa chilengedwe cha matenda oyambira: nkhuku zonyamula matenda a m'mimba (TBE), Mafunso Chongani Nthaka (IKB), human monocytic ehrlichiosis (MEC), ndi granulocytic patlasmosis (GAC).
The biology ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatenda aanthu omwe amagwirizana ndi nkhupakupa pakali pano ali mu gawo lokonzekera kuphunzira. Iliyonse ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda atalowa m'thupi la munthu imakhala ndi "zachilengedwe": kachilombo ka TBE, kamene kamalowa m'magazi ndimatupa amadzimadzi, kumakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje, nthawi yoyambanso kubereka kwa borrelia imachitika pakhungu, ehrlichia ndi zaplasma ndizovuta zam'magazi - leukocytes. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zovuta za m'magazi zimatha kukhazikika chifukwa chophatikizika munthawi yomweyo ma virus angapo mthupi.
Matenda opatsirana ndi maickick ali ndi zochitika zingapo zofananira zamankhwala, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa matendawa.
Matenda aliwonse omwe amapezeka pambuyo pakuluma kwa nthomba amatha kukhala mtundu wa mono - kapena kachilombo kosakanikirana komwe kamayambitsa ndi umodzi, awiri kapena atatu tizilombo. Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, polumikizana ndi adotolo, anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa kapena atapita kutchire, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana zovuta zonse zamatenda, oyambitsa omwe amapatsirana ndi nkhupakupa.
Matenda a Lyme Kapena Mimba-Yodwala Yodwala
- Ichi ndi matenda achilengedwe opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa.
Madera ambiri okhala ndi chilengedwe cha borreliosis amakhala ku Russia, matenda oopsa a encephalitis ndiofala m'maderawa.
Chiwerengero cha milandu ya borreliosis yomwe yapezeka ikuchulukirachulukirachulukirachulukirachulukirachulukira ndipo madokotala ndi anthu adziwa zambiri. Zinakhazikitsidwa kuti kuchuluka kwa odwala olembetsedwa ndi nthawi 5-10 poyerekeza ndi zochitika zenizeni. Kuzindikirika kosakwanira kwa odwala kumayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osachiritsika. Dera la Kaluga ndi gawo lomwe pamakhala nyengo yabwino yoperekera nkhupakupa ndi kufalitsa matendawa kwa anthu (nyengo yofunda ndi nkhalango zamalo ambiri, nyama zamitchire). Odwala omwe ali ndi borreliosis amadziwika chaka chilichonse ku dera la Kaluga m'madera onse amchigawochi komanso mumzinda wa Kaluga.
Mu 2009, milandu yokwana 148 ya borreliosis inalembedwa m'chigawo cha Kaluga. Mu 2010 - milandu 84, mwai anthu 54 omwe adalembetsedwa ku Kaluga, 12 - ku Obninsk, milandu 18 mu zigawo (Borovsky, Dzerzhinsky, Zhukovsky, Kirovsky, Kozelsky, Lyudinovsky, Spas-Demensky, Tarussky, Yukhnovsky). Mu 2011, milandu 87, yomwe 34 - mumzinda wa Kaluga, 11 - mumzinda wa Obninsk, 23 - m'boma la Lyudinovsky, 19 - m'magawo otsala a dera (Borovsky, Zhizdrinsky, Zhukovsky, Kirovsky, Kozelsky, Maloyaroslavetsky, Spas-Demensky )
Kuvutitsidwa kwamatenda ndi borrelia mdera la Kaluga ndikwanthawi; kuyerekeza nkhupakupa zochokera kwa anthu, borrelia adapezeka mu 2009 - mu 14.9%, mu 2010 - mu 12.2% milandu, ndipo mu 2011 - 14% milandu. Matendawa amakula 40-50% ya anthu omwe amalumidwa ndi nkhupakupa (m'mwezi woyamba). Kutumiza kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakangotha maola azisangalatsidwa Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amapezeka pakati pa Epulo ndi Julayi, mpaka pang'ono mu Ogasiti-Sepemba. Kukula kwa matendawa akufotokozedwa - kuyambira Meyi mpaka Novembala ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zikuchitika mu June-Julayi.
Borreliosis - Matenda omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, komwe ziwalo zambiri ndi machitidwe amakhudzidwa: khungu, manjenje ndi mtima dongosolo, mafupa, maso, chiwindi, ndulu ndi ena. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe amachokera masiku awiri mpaka 35, pafupifupi - masabata awiri.
Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa (pakadutsa masabata atatu pambuyo poti walumidwa), ngati matenda adayamba kudwala, redness ya khungu (malo = erythema) limapezeka pamalo akukulidwa, omwe pang'onopang'ono amakula mpaka masentimita (kuyambira 5-10 cm kapena kupitilira) ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala nthawi yayitali (mpaka masabata 4-10). Mwa anthu ena, khungu limayamba kuonekeratu, ndipo mwa izi matenda ovuta kuzindikira. Madokotala amathandizira odwala oterewa matenda ena omwe ali ndi zofanana. Komanso, kwa gawo loyambirira la matendawa kumadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha mpaka 38-39 ° C, kupweteka mutu, kupweteka m'misempha yosiyanasiyana. Zizindikiro zimatha masiku 3-7. Nthawi imeneyi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzera m'magazi timatengedwa kupita ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, komwe kutupa kumayamba. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala mtima, mafupa, maso, makutu, ndulu ndi zamitsempha. Ndipo chifukwa chake, odwala amatembenukira kwa akatswiri osiyanasiyana: neuropathologists, rheumatologists, dermatologists, ndipo amathandizidwa molakwika ngati odwala ndi dermatitis, radiculitis, meningitis, nyamakazi.
M'nthawi yotsatira matendawa, ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zamkati ndi machitidwe zimakhudzidwa: khungu, mafupa, mantha am'mimba, maso.
Chifukwa chakuti zizindikiro zambiri zomwe zimakhala zodwala matenda oyamba zimapezeka m'matenda ena, kudziwikiratu kwa matendawa kumathekera ndi kuyesedwa kwa labotale. Ngati labotale ipeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a borreliosis m'mayikidwe, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dotolo wothandizira (dokotala wamkulu, katswiri wa matenda opatsirana kapena dokotala) kuti akupatseni njira yothandizira. Chithandizo choyambirira chimakupatsani mwayi wochepetsera kutalika kwa matendawa komanso kuti muchepetse kukula kwa matendawa. Kumapeto kwa matendawa, chithandizo sichitha bwino nthawi zonse, makamaka, kuwonongeka kwa manjenje.
Kafukufuku wa Laborator yozindikira odwala omwe ali ndi borreliosis amachitika mu labotale yaofesi yamatenda oopsa kwambiri. Seramu yamagazi yoyesera borreliosis imatengedwa kuchokera ku mabungwe azachipatala komanso kwa nzika. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa borreliosis kumakupatsani mwayi wofufuza ngati kachilomboka kakuchitika pambuyo pakuluma, komanso ngati thupi lamasulidwa kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda atalandira chithandizo. Milandu imeneyi, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika patatha masiku 20 atayamba matendawa, kapena patadutsa masiku 30 mpaka 40 kulumidwa kwawoko (sampling ya magazi imachitika komwe amakhala kuchipatala).
MONOCITARY HERALCHIOSIS WA MUNTHU.
Human Monitory Ehrlichiosis (MEC) ndi matenda achilengedwe ooneka ngati nthenda yamatenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha michere ya intracellular yomwe imakhudza imodzi mwa mitundu yama cell oyera - monocytes.
Kukutenga ndi matendawa kumachitika ndi kulumidwa mwachangu. Milandu ya matendawa imawonedwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe, komwe kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito m'nyumba zanyengo, kuyendera nkhalango nthawi zambiri ndi malo osangalalira.
Matendawa amapezeka ngati nkhupakupa ukuyamwa. Wothandizirana ndi causative amalowa m'magazi, kubereka kumachitika mkati mwa maselo a kulumikizana kwamitsempha yamagazi ndi maselo oyera a m'magazi. Popeza alowa m'maselo akuluakulu, tizilombo tambiri timachulukana, ndipo maselo atawonongeka, amalowa m'magazi ndikupatsira atsopano.
Ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzidwa: khungu, chiwindi, dongosolo lamanjenje, mafuta m'mafupa. Kuthekera kwa matenda osachiritsika kwamatenda sikuchotsedwa.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 1 mpaka 29 (avareji ya masiku 13). Matendawa amayamba ndendende, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha mpaka 38-40 ° C, limodzi ndi kuzizira, zizindikiro monga kufooka, malaise, kupweteka mutu. Odwala ambiri amakhala ndi zilonda zapakhosi, kutsekeka kwammphuno, kutsokomola.
Mutu, chizungulire, mseru, kusanza, kusokonezeka kwa minyewa, kupweteka kwa msana, kupweteka kwa msana, kupweteka kwa magazi, kusintha kwa magazi kungawonedwenso.
Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala ali ndi nthenda yamafunde awiri. Wimbi yachiwiri imakhala ndi kuopsa kwakukulu. Kusapezeka kwa zodziwika za matendawa (Zizindikiro zofala, zomwe zimafala kwambiri pamatenda ambiri) zimasokoneza kuzindikira matenda popanda kuyesedwa kwa magazi. Mu labotale dipatimenti yamatenda oopsa kwambiri, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika chifukwa cha ehrlichiosis (ELISA), mtengo wa kusanthula 1 ndi ma ruble 400. 00 kopecks
HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC ANAPLASMOSIS
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (GAC) ndimatenda achiwopsezo omwe ali ndi chithunzi chosiyanasiyana chamankhwala, omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale chiwopsezo chake.
Munthu amatenga kachilomboka pakukhetsa magazi kwa nkhupakupa, nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe mukamayendera nkhalango, komanso mukamagwira ntchito m'minda ndi m'minda ya chilimwe.
Tizilomboti timalowa m'magazi a munthu wokhala ndi malovu owoneka ndipo timafalikira m'thupi lonse, zimayambitsa kutupa mkati. Zotsatira zake zolowera kwa tizilomboti kukhala m'magazi oyera (m'magazi oyera) komanso kubereka mwa iwo, chitetezo chamatenda ena chimachepa.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imayamba kuyambira masiku atatu mpaka 23 (avareji ya masiku 13). Kuyamba kwakuthwa kwamatenda ndikuwoneka kutentha kwamwambamwamba ndikudziwika. Thupi limatha masiku awiri mpaka 10. Zofooka, malaise, mutu umatuluka.
Odwala amakhala ndi nkhawa, amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, chizungulire, ndi nseru. Ndi chithandizo cha panthawi yake, zizindikiro za matendawa zimazimiririka. Kupezeka kwa zizindikiro za matenda zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa popanda kusanthula ma labotale. Mu labotale dipatimenti yamatenda oopsa kwambiri, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitidwa kwa anaplasmosis (njira - ELISA), mtengo wa kusanthula 1 ndi ma ruble 400. 00 kopecks
Tizilombo totupa totupa timatenda tating'onoting'ono ndi matenda oopsa amtundu wa ubongo amadziwika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa imvi ya ubongo ndi msana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khungu likhale lolimba komanso ziwindi.
Wothandizirana ndi causative ndi kachilombo kuchokera ku banja la togavirus. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa Europe ndi Middle East mitundu ya kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a encephalitis.
Zimatanthauzira ku matenda achilengedwe ozungulira ndi nyengo ya masika-chilimwe. Kupatsirana kwa munthu kumachitika ndi kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa, njira yodalirana ndi chakudya ndiyotheka (mukamagwiritsa ntchito mkaka waiwisi wa mbuzi, kawirikawiri - ng'ombe). Matendawa amapezeka m'malo a nkhaza, m'malo a taiga ndi nkhalango. M'matayala amtundu wa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, kachilomboka ndilochuluka. Ikakula nkhupakupa, kachilomboka kamalowa m'magazi kenako ndikulowa m'maselo a chapakati mantha, ndikusintha kwambiri.
Zizindikiro zake komanso matendawa.
Kuchokera pakufalikira kwa kachilomboka mpaka kuonekera kwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, zimatenga masiku 8 mpaka 23 (nthawi zambiri 10-14), nthawi zina mpaka masiku 60. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba. Nthawi zina, zinthu monga kufooka, malaise, mutu, nseru, komanso kusokonezeka kwa tulo zimawonedwa. Wodziwika ndi kufooka kwakanthawi m'miyendo, minofu ya khosi, dzanzi la khungu la nkhope ndi khosi. Pambuyo pake, kutupa kwa mauna ndi vuto la ubongo kumayamba. Kutentha kwa thupi kumafika 39 40 ° C ndipo kumatenga masiku awiri mpaka 10. Matenda ofooketsa kwambiri a minyewa ya pakhosi (chizindikiro cha "kutulutsa mutu"), kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, komanso mutu wokhazikika, minofu yolimba ya khosi (ndikosatheka kukanikiza chibwano pachifuwa). Chikumbumtima chimalephera (kuyambira kufinya mpaka kukomoka).
Kuzindikira . Mukazindikira, lingalirani za miliri ya matenda (kulumidwa pang'ono, kukomoka kwake) ndi zotupa za mtima wamanjenje. Chitsimikizo cha Laborator chazindikiritso ndikuwonekera patsiku la 5-7 la matenda a Ig M ndikuwonjezereka kwa gawo la ma antibodies a Ig G omwe apezedwa ndi ELISA.
Chithandizo . Pogona pogona kwambiri pachimake matenda.
Anthu omwe sanalandiridwe katemera kapena osalandira katemera masiku osakwana 10 asanakhwime ngati chithandizo chamankhwala kwa maola 96 oyamba amafunika kukhazikitsa anti-encephalitis donor immunoglobulin. Pambuyo masiku 4 kwa masiku 28, makulidwe a encephalitis oyipa-omwe amakhala ndi mankhwalawa - mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa izi zitha kupangitsa kuti matendawo awoneke bwino.
Ziwonetsero . Nthawi yobwezeretsa imatenga zaka ziwiri. Kukulitsa minofu yomwe imayamba kubwezeretsa pang'ono. Imfa ndi 5-30%.
Kupewa .Aanthu omwe akukonzekera maulendo opita ku madera akutali (ma Urals, Siberia, Far East, North-Western Russia, etc.) amapatsidwa katemera wothandizirana ndi aliyense payekha komanso katemera wogwiritsa ntchito katemera wa encephalitis. Kumaliza kwa maphunzirowa ndikofunikira mwezi umodzi musanachoke pakatikati. Mwanjira ina, ngati mukukonzekera kupita kunkhalango za taiga ndi gulu la omanga ophunzira panthawi ya tchuthi cha chilimwe kapena kuti mupumule mu hema m'mphepete mwa mtsinje kwinakwake ku Karelia, muyenera kuyamba katemera mu February - Marichi.
Ngati simunathe kudziteteza nokha pakuyamwa nkhupakupa, osangochotsa nokha, koma lemberani kuchipatala komwe oyandikana nawo amakakamizidwa kuti akuthandizeni pochotsa mankhwalawo ndikukudziwitsani za kufunika kokapempha thandizo kuchipatala mukasokonekera Patatha milungu itatu kuluma.
Osachotsa nthata yomwe yachotsedwa.
Iyenera kuyikidwa mu botolo loyera ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka ubweya wa thonje wothira madzi, lachiwongola kapena pepala la fayilo ndikubweretsa kuti lithe kusanthula labotale ya virology, komwe angayang'anire chitupa chomwe mwachotsa mu thupi lanu ndikupereka malangizo oyenera.
Laborological Labor FBUZ "Center for hygiene and Epidemiology in the Kaluga Region" is at the address: Kaluga, st. Chicherin, d.1 a.
Foni yofunsa (4842) 55-01-09.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri .
Momwe matenda oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo amapatsira anthu?
Matenda opatsirana ndi Mafunso Imafala makamaka ndi kulumidwa kwa nkhupakupa (taiga kapena nkhalango) pakukhetsa magazi - chifukwa chake dzina la matendawa. Tsitsi la taiga limakhala kum'mawa kwa dziko lathu - m'dera lonse la taiga ku Asia ndi Europe - kuchokera ku Kamchatka ndi Kumpoto kwa Sakhalin mpaka kumadera a kum'mawa kwa Leningrad Region (Primorsky, Khabarovsk Territories, Western ndi Eastern Siberia, Urals, zigawo kumpoto kwa Europe gawo la Russia, kupatula Far North) . Akatswiriwa amakhala kudera la Europe ku Russia - kumadzulo kwa Volga, ku Crimea, Caucasus, m'chigawo chapakati. M'matipi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatenga matenda kuchokera kwa achikazi kupita kwa ana, kotero tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amafalikira pafupipafupi pakati pawo.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tick titha kupatsidwanso. mwa kulumikizana - kudzera pakuloweka pang'ono pakhungu (ndi kufinya kwa nkhupakupa, komanso kukanda), komanso Ndi chakudya - mukamagwiritsa ntchito mkaka wa nkhosa ndi mbuzi, ng'ombe zochepa. Kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu, izi matendawa sizifalikira! Amphaka ndi agalu amalimbana ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a encephalitis, agalu amatha kukhala ndi borreliosis!
Kodi ndi nthawi yanji yomwe matenda oipitsa angatenge?
Anthu ambiri amakonda kulumikizana kuluma kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi theka loyambirira la chilimwe, pomwe ntchito zaminki ndizambiri. Kuyamba kwa nyengo kumadalira nyengo. Kumayambiriro, masika ofunda, kulumidwa kwa Mafunso Chongani kulembedwa kumapeto kwa Marichi. Komabe, mokhudzana ndi kubwebweta komwe kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, chidwi chake ndikuti mu nthawi yophukira, kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka nkhupakupa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika chifukwa chakuti kachilombo ka encephalitis komwe kamayambitsa matendawa sikumavomereza kusintha kwakanthawi kwa kutentha, makamaka kusintha kwake kudzera 0 0 С. Chifukwa chake, mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe kapena nthawi yophukira Nthawi, ngakhale kuti kulumidwa kwa nkhupakupa ndi kotsika, mwayi wopanga mawonekedwe owopsa ndiwokwera chifukwa chakuchulukitsidwa kwa ma virus ochulukirapo.
Nkhupakupa zimakhalabe zikugwira ntchito masana, koma m'masiku amasamba ake dzuwa limadziwika kwambiri kuyambira 8 koloko mpaka 11 koloko a.m. amachepetsa kwambiri masana ndikuwonjezeka nthawi kuyambira 17 mpaka 20 h . Pakakhala mitambo masiku ambiri komanso mvula ikamagwa, kuthekera kwawo kuukira kumakhalabe kofanana. M'masiku otentha kwambiri komanso pakagwa mvula yambiri, ntchito zawo zimatsika kwambiri.
Ambiri mwa malo achilengedwe omwe nkhupakupa zimapezeka m'nkhalango, nthawi zambiri pamitengo yopanda malo komanso m'nkhalango, m'nkhalango zowerengeka ndi m'nkhalango. Nkhupakupa zimakonda malo achinyontho, chifukwa chake chiwerengero chawo m'malo oterowo ndichopambana. Ming'alu yambiri imakhala pansi pa mapiri a nkhalango, komanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'misinga yoposa m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, komanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango komanso m'makwalala a m'nkhalango. Nkhupakupa zimapezekanso m'nkhalango za mafakitale, m'mphepete mwa malo osungira, malo osungirako ndipo ngakhale m'mapaki akumatauni. Amatha kununkhiza munthu kapena nyama pamtunda wa pafupifupi mamita 10, ndipo amalunjika m'malo omwe nyama ndi anthu nthawi zambiri amayendera (malo okhala ndi malo othirira, njira zamnkhalango).
Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji kuluma?
Nkhupakupa sizikwera pamtunda kutalika (zosaposa 1.5 m), zimangamira zovala nthawi zambiri m'miyendo ndipo zimatha kukwawa kukwera . Chifukwa chake, mukamayenda m'nkhalangomo kapena kuyenda m'malo okhala tchire tambiri komanso udzu wamtali, ndikofunikira kusintha zovala zomwe zitha kuvomerezeka m'njira kotero zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuphatikiza ndi kulowa mkati mwa zovala:
1. Ndikofunikira kuti zovala ndizosalala (zopepuka kumayang'ana kumbali, kumveka kosavuta kumva),
2. kolala ndi malaya amkati amayenera kumangika zolimba, gawo lake lakumapeto liyenera kumangidwa m'matumba (chifukwa chabwino, mutha kumanga ndi nthiti)
3. Thirani pansi pa thalauza mumaboti kapena masokosi,
4. gwiritsani thukuta kapena jekete lomwe lili ndi zingwe kapena zingwe zotanuka (kuteteza khosi), pakalibe nyumba - chipewa.
Analimbikitsamankhwala acaricidal- kupha nkhupakupa ("Gardeks aerosol kwambiri" (Italy), "Gardeks anti-tick", "Fumitox-anti-tick", etc.). Zovala zokha zimathandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwa acaricidal (thalauza - m'dera lam'munsi la mwendo, jekete kapena malaya - gawo lakumunsi, dera la kolala, komanso malaya a cuffs).
Pankhaniyo chithandizo ku nkhupakupa Mutha kulumikizana ndi dipatimenti yokonza zodzitchinjiriza pogwiritsa ntchito foni: 57-24-80.
Zitha kutenga nthawi yayitali mpaka maola awiri kuti mupeze malo omwe mungagwirizane ndi kuphatikiza nkhupakupa, koma ziyenera kudziwika kuti nkhupakupa zamphongo, mosiyana ndi zazimayi, zimadyetsa magazi kwa nthawi yochepa (maora angapo) kenako ndikumazimiririka - motero kuluma kwamphongo kwa amuna kumatha kusadziwika . Chifukwa chake, ndikukhalabe m'nkhalango ndikofunikira kuchita bwino kudziona nokha komanso kuyanjana aliyense 15-30 mphindi .
Pochoka kunkhalango kapena kukagona kuthengo, kuyang'anitsitsa mozama mosasokoneza kuyenera kuchitidwa. Mukayang'ana, chidwi chapadera chiyenera kulipiridwa mbali zaubweya za thupi, zikopa za khungu, auricles, axillary ndi inguinal malo, chifuwa (malo ofikira kwambiri kuti nkhupakupa ndizoyamwa), ndi zomata ndi zovala. Kutengera kuyesedwa mosamalitsa Zinthu zonse zotengedwa kunkhalango, komanso nyama . Ngati ndi kotheka, kwa pikiniki kapena usiku umodzi, sankhani malo otseguka ndi chivundikiro cha udzu komanso zitsamba kapena osakhala wopanda.
• Katemera ndiye chitetezo chodalirika kwambiri ku matenda oopsa a encephalitis!Mukamapita kumadera omwe ali ndi vuto la encephalitis yovuta kupatsira, muyenera kulumikizana ndi chipatala kapena malo othandizira katemera wadzidzidzi.
• Mukafuna kudwala matenda oyamba ndi Borrelia, muyenera kulumikizana ndi dokotala kapena matenda opatsirana ku chipatala cha anthu am'deralo, ndipo mankhwala opatsirana amayesedwa.
Chithandizo ixodickachilombo koyambitsa matenda iyenera kuchitika kuchipatala cha matenda opatsirana, komwe, choyambirira, chithandizo chimachitika ndikutsimikiza kuti kuwonongedwa kwa borrelia, pomwe kuchira kwathunthu kumachitika. Kupanda kutero, matendawa amapita patsogolo, amakhala osakhazikika, ndipo nthawi zina amabweretsa kulumala.
Anaplasmosis ndi ehrlichiosis pakadali pano osamvetsetsa bwino. Amawonetsedwa kuti matenda Amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira .
- Ngati chidacho sichinayang'anitsidwe matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa, muyenera kulankhulana ndi achipatala,
- Ngati m'masiku oyamba kapena masabata mutapita kukayendera nkhalango muli ndi malungo, mumamva kusakonzeka ndi kufooka komwe sikumayenderana ndi chimfine - onetsetsani kuti mukuonana ndi dokotala.
Mu labotale dipatimenti ya matenda oopsa kwambiri kuwerenga kwathunthu nkhupakupa pa matenda opatsirana: borreliosis, encephalitis, zaplasmosis ndi ehrlichiosis - mtengo wa rubles 800. Nkhupakupa zomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera kuzinyama sizikuwunikidwa (ngati chidule chikapezeka pa chiweto, lemberani veterinarian)! Mwina kuyezetsa magazi chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana - mtengo wa ma ruble 800. Komanso mu labotale kuyezetsa magazi kwa matenda oyamba ndi nkhupakupa: Borreliosis - mtengo wa ma ruble 590., Ehrlichiosis - mtengo wa ma ruble 400., Anaplasmosis - mtengo wa ma ruble 400., Encephalitis 1 - mtengo wa ma ruble 450.
- Laborator of matenda oopsa makamaka (1 Chicherin St.)
tsiku lililonse kuyambira 8-00 mpaka 15-42, nkhomaliro kuyambira 12-30 mpaka 13-00,
kutumiza kwa mayeso kuchokera pa 14-30 mpaka 15-30.
- dipatimenti yokonza zodzitchinjiriza (Barrikad St., 181)
(c) Ofesi ya Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer rights Chitetezo cha Anthu ndi Kukhala Kwa Umunthu M'chigawo cha Kaluga, 2006-2020 Ngati simunapeze zofunikira, yesani kupita ku mtundu wakale wa tsambalo Etiology ndi miliriThrombidiasis amayamba chifukwa cha nthata zingapo zofiira: Leptus autumnalis (mphutsi Trombicula autumnalis , syn: Neotrombicula autumnalis ), Trombicula alfreddugesi (syn. Eutrombicula alfreddugesi, Thrombicula amaletsa ), Mabutawo a Eutrombicula , Eutrombicula imawala , Leptotrombidium akamushi , Leptotrombidium imapereka ndi ena Akazi amayikira mazira mazana angapo. Nthawi yamoyo yokhala ndi nthata zofiira zimakhala ndi magawo 7: dzira, preliva, mphutsi, protonymph, deutonymph, tritonimph ndi imago. Mphutsi za nkhuni zofiira-mite ndizitali za 0.12-0,5 mm. Amagwira nyama ndi anthu, kudya zakudya zam'madzi. Pakatha masiku 2 mpaka 10 kapena kuposa pamenepa, amatha kenako amasintha. Mabatani Trombiculidae zachilengedwe. Thrombidiasis amayamba chifukwa cha mphutsi za ma nthito ofiira owoneka ngati mbewa. Matendawa amapezeka m'malo otentha, ochepa, nthawi zambiri - nyengo yotentha (nyengo yotentha). Pofufuza chakudya, mphutsi zachikulire zimakwera pa udzu ndi zitsamba, kuchokera komwe zimawombera nyama ndi anthu. Odwala ambiri mu Julayi - Seputembala, anthu amachita zimbudzi ndi nkhalango. PathogenesisMagazi oyamwa magazi ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi yapamaso amaloza pakhungu (nkhope, auricles, mikono, axillary fossa, miyendo, m'chiuno, m'munsi kumbuyo, scrotum, matako) mukamagwira ntchito kapena mukuyenda chilimwe. Nthawi zambiri azimayi ndi ana amakhudzidwa. Zovala zoyandikana nazo zimasokoneza kuyenda kwa mphutsi, chifukwa ma ankolo nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi kuluma. Pogwiritsa ntchito chida chakunyengerera, mphutsizo zimalowa mkamwa patimabowo taphwanya umphumphu wa khungu. Nthawi yomweyo, chinthu chawo chopatsa thanzi si magazi, koma khungu. Mothandizidwa ndi malovu a mphutsi, stylostome (njira yopanda puloteni yotetezedwa ndi hyaline panja) imapangidwa pakhungu la wolandirayo, pomwe amamwa madzi am'mimba ndi a cellellular fluid. Stylostoma ili ndi antigenic amphamvu. Kuzungulira pamenepo, papule yosakasa kwambiri imapangidwa ndi awiri ofika mpaka 2 cm, mwa anthu otengeka ndi izi zimachitika patangopita maola ochepa. Kuphatikiza kuluma kumayambitsa kufa kwa mphutsi. Poterepa, vesicle imawonekera pakati pa papule, ndipo maziko amakhala hemorrhagic. Kuyabwa ndi kuwotchera kwatha kwa milungu ingapo. Nthawi zambiri, totupa timayimiriridwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwofiirira kapena ma pentule a lenticular, ndikusowa pambuyo pa masabata 3-4 ndikusiya pigmentation kumbuyo. Pamalo oyamwa ndi majeremusi, kuyabwa kumachitika, mawanga a erythematous, matuza, mawonekedwe a papular. Kuwerengera kumatha kubweretsa kukula kwa pyoderma. Nthawi zina zimachitika modzidzimutsa, zomwe siziyenera kusakanikirana ndi gawo loyamba la tsutsugamushi, wolumikizira yemwe ali ndi mphutsi za nkhuku zofiira. Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza nkhupakupa ndi matendaTikulemba mwatsatanetsatane chidziwitso chofotokozera chomwe muyenera kudziwa kuti mudziwe nkhupakupa ndi matenda omwe amakhala nawo. Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsetsa momwe nkhupakupa zimasanduka zonyamula matenda. Nthawi yokhala ndi mayendedwe achichepere imakhala ndi magawo angapo, monga ma arachnids ambiri omwe nkhupakupa zake zimakhala. Tizilombo tisanalowe munthu wamkulu, magawo angapo osakhwima amatchedwa omwe amatchedwa nymphal.
Nyani nymphs, monga akulu, amathanso kuluma ndikudya magazi, koma makamaka mwa nyama zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri pansi - makoko, mbalame, zisa zomwe zimawombera mu udzu, ndi mitundu ina. Izi ndichifukwa choti nymphs ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo sizitha kusuntha mwachangu udzu kapena nthambi za zitsamba, motero zimakhala ndi zochepa kudalira mabungwe monga munthu kapena galu, koma izi ndizothekanso.
Pakuluma, nymph ndi magazi awo amatenga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikusunga m'matupi awo, mpaka amasinthidwa kupita kumaliridwe, kenako mpaka wamkulu. Chifukwa chake, chaka chamawa chikakhala chachikulire, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ake timakhala kale ndi malovu. Komabe, sikuti makoswe onse omwe amakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi mwawo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti si nkhupakupa zonse zomwe zimakhala zonyamula zowopsa. Pali mamapu athunthu amalo am'madera ena amtundu wamatenda opatsirana ndi Mafunso. Amawonetsa madera omwe chilengedwe chimagwira kwambiri komwe matenda oyamba ndi nkhupakaka amatha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nkhupakupa zazikulu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti, makoswe omwewo, ambiri amakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Si malo onse omaliza omwe ndi achuma. Mwachitsanzo, kudera linalake, matenda atha kuchitika chaka chino, koma mwina sangakhale otsatira. M'malo mwake, ina kapena palibe. Chifukwa chake, palibe amene anganene motsimikiza momwe matenda omwe amakhalanso ndi matenda opatsirana ndi Mafunso omwe angayambitsidwe chaka chamawa. Mwa zina:
Ndimatenda ati?Nthawi zambiri sizidziwika kuti zimavulaza munthu kamodzi kokha mwa kuluma mwachindunji. Pambuyo pochotsa tiziromboti, ndikokwanira kuchitira bala la kulumalo ndi ayodini kuti mupewe matenda, omwe angayambitse kuchepa kwa malo olumayo. Mwambiri, patadutsa masiku atatu chichitikireni, palibe zomwe zatsalira. Komabe, anthu ena samva kulumidwa kawiri kawiri. Kuchita kumeneku kungakhale kofatsa, ndi zizindikiro zingapo zosasangalatsa, ndipo nthawi zina, vuto losagwirizana ndi (anaphylaxis) ndi dermatitis yonyansa ikhoza kukhala yowonjezereka. Microscopic causative wothandizila wa borreliosis Vutoli limakhala lovuta kwambiri ngati nkhupizo imafalitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda opatsirana owopsa m'magazi. Ambiri a iwo amayambitsa zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine m'mayambiriro a chitukuko, monga kutentha thupi, kupweteka mutu, nseru, kusanza, ndi kupweteka kwamisempha. Zizindikiro zofananazi zimayamba kuyambira pakatha masiku 1 mpaka 3 pakadumwa, zomwe zimatengera nthawi yomwe matendawa amatenga okha. Nthawi zina Zizindikiro zatsopano - zotupa kapena zopweteka kwambiri zimatha kuwonekera limodzi ndi zomwe tatchulazi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapereka matenda opatsirana omwe amakhala ndi zotsatirazi:
Matenda ofuyidwa ndimatenda ndi matenda osowa omwe amabwera pambuyo pakuluma. M'madera ena padziko lapansi, kuluma nkhupakupa kumayambitsa matenda ena, mwachitsanzo, kutentha thupi ku South Africa. Thupi lawo siligwirizanaChitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimateteza thupi ku ma bacteria ndi ma virus. Nthawi zina chinthu chopanda vuto kulowa m'thupi chimatha kuzindikirika ngati chiwopsezo chambiri ndipo chitetezo cha mthupi chimayamba kulimbana. Munthawi yochepa, thupi limasuntha mokhulupirika zinthu zomwe zimalowa m'magazi a nthiti m'magazi. Koma nthawi zina, ndipo izi zimakhudza munthu mmodzi mwa anthu makumi awiri, zomwe zimachitika mwamphamvu kwambiri (i.e. dermatitis).
Mtundu woyipa kwambiri wamankhwala osokoneza thupi umatchedwa anaphylaxis. Zimatha kufa ngati wodwala salandira thandizo mwachangu. Mkhalidwewo umayambitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa mayendedwe ammlengalenga, kuphwanya mzere wamtima ndi mkhalidwe wabwinobwino wa munthu. Matenda a LymeZizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a Lyme (borreliosis) mwa munthu zimatha kutopa, kupweteka mutu, kuwuma khosi, kutentha thupi, kupweteka m'misempha ndi malo olumikizirana mafupa, ndipo nthawi zina mawonekedwe a chotupa chofiyira, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chotsutsana ndi maziko a edema. Maantibayotiki nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto lochizira, komabe, ngati chithandizo sichinaperekedwe munthawi yake, matendawa amatha kubweretsa mavuto akulu ndi mafupa, manjenje ndi mtima. Chizindikiro chimodzi cha Lyme borreliosis Thambo Lalikulu LakuwalaMatendawa amatenga kachilomboka kudzera mwa mitengo (ixodid) ndi nkhupakupa za m'mimba, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa zovuta m'moyo, monga kugwedezeka ndi kulephera kwa impso, pokhapokha ngati ndizoyenera ndikuthandizidwa mwachangu. Zizindikiro zoyambira mwa munthu nthawi zambiri zimayamba pakadutsa masiku 2 mpaka 14 kuluma ndipo zingaphatikizepo kutentha thupi mwadzidzidzi, kupweteka kwambiri pamutu, kupweteka kwa minofu ndi kupweteka, kupindika mosiyana, nseru, ndi kusanza. Zotupa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi malo ang'onoang'ono, osalala, ofiirira kapena ofiira (petechial rash). Nthawi zambiri imayamba m'manja ndi m'miyendo, kenako imafalikira m'manja, miyendo ndi ziwalo zina zamthupi. Matendawa amatchedwanso malungo obwera ndi nkhupakupa, malungo kapena makoswe. Matenda a Rocky Mountain omwe amawoneka mwa anthu amapezeka makamaka pagawo lakumpoto la America, koma milandu yambiri imapezekanso pakati pa Russia.
TularemiaTularemia, yotchedwanso deer kapena kalulu fever, ndimatenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri mu nyama. Koma matendawa amatha kupatsirana kwa anthu kudzera nkhupakupa zoyipa kapena kudzera m'madzi oyipitsidwa kapena kufinya fumbi. Anthu nthawi zambiri amatenga kudzera:
Matendawa amapezeka ku Russia konse. Zizindikiro zake mwa anthu nthawi zambiri zimayamba mkati mwa masiku 21, pafupifupi, kuyambira masiku 1 mpaka 10, pambuyo poti kulumidwa kapena kuwonetseredwa. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za tularemia zimaphatikizapo:
Odwala okhala ndi encephalitisTizilombo toyambitsa matenda tosokoneza bongo tokhala ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amaphatikiza dongosolo lamanjenje lamkati. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amadzionetsa ngati meningitis, encephalitis, kapena meningoencephalitis.
Zotsatira zopitilira kapena kupitiliza kwa neuropsychiatric zimawonedwa mu 10-20% ya odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo. EhrlichiosisEhrlichiosis ndimatenda opatsirana omwe amatha kupatsira anthu nkhupakupa. Amayambitsa kutentha thupi, kuzizira, kupweteka mutu (pafupipafupi kwambiri), kumva kudwala (malaise), nseru, kusanza, utoto kapena kufiyira. Zizindikiro zimayamba pakati pa masiku 1 ndi 21, pafupifupi, masiku 7 mutaluma kuluma. Ehrlichiosis nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi ma regimens ovuta. Kuchepetsa kutenthaKuphwanya thupi ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amatha kupatsirana kwa anthu nkhupakupa. Matendawa amafala kwambiri kumadzulo kwa United States, koma zaka zaposachedwa zikupezeka ku kontrakitala ya ku Europe. Zizindikiro zimayamba pakadutsa masiku 3 - 11, pafupifupi, pa tsiku la 6 mutaluma kuluma. Amatha kukhala masiku angapo, phompho, kenako nkubwereranso (masiku angapo) pakatha masiku angapo ndi nyonga yatsopano. Zizindikiro za typhoid fever zimaphatikizapo:
BabesiosisBabesiosis ndimatenda osowa kwambiri omwe amatha kupatsira anthu kudzera kuluma kwa nkhupakupa. Babesiosis nthawi zambiri siziwonetsa. Zizindikiro za matendawa zikakhalapo, nthawi zambiri zimayamba patadutsa masabata 1-4 Zizindikiro za babesiosis zikuphatikiza:
Babesiosis nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi maantibayotiki. Kufotokozera kwa tizilomboNkhupakupa za red-mite, kapena Trombidium holosericeum, ndi zina mwa zikwanje zapamwamba kwambiri. Kutalika kwa moyo wa nkhupakupa ndi zaka 1.5 mpaka 2. Oimira parasitiki amtunduwu ndi tizilombo tambiri. Amakhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri za epizootological komanso miliri. Kutembenuka kwathunthu kumachitika masiku 50 - 75. Mulinso dzira, gawo loyambirira, mphutsi zokha, magawo atatu a nymphs ndi imago. LarvaKutalika kwa thupi ndi miyendo yoyenda ndikufika pa 0,41 mm. Kutsogolo kwa thupi kumakhala ndi chelicera ndi hypostasis, komanso ma palps. Ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndipo imakhala pafupifupi 1/5 ya kutalika kwa thupi lonse. Pamapeto pa chelicera iliyonse, pamakhala chovala chokhala ndi mbewa, chokhala ndi ndobo ndi mano. Gnatosome palokha ndi mbale yopanda matanda pomwe mabowo awiri osalala a hypostomal amapezeka. Onsewa ali pa gnatokok. Pali mitundu isanu yokhala ndi magulu asanu, ooneka ngati ooneka bwino. Chidacho chimakhala chowulungika kapena chowazungulirapo ndipo ndichopaka chofiira kapena lalanje. Mphutsi zamanjala zimadziwikiridwa ndi kusuntha komwe kumayambira kumimba. Kuchulukitsidwa bwino-bwino kukula kwake pafupifupi kasanu. Kuchokera kumbuyo, idiosome ndiye chishango chaching'ono chamutu chomwe chimakhala ndi trapezoidal kapena mawonekedwe ena. Chikopa choterocho chimabedwa ndipo chimakhala ndi ma bristles ojambulapo komanso timitengo tating'ono ta trichobotria. M'mphepete mwa mutu chikopa chamaso. Pali mitundu yomwe ilibe maso. Mbali yakumapeto kwa idiosome imaperekedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bristles. Idiosome ya ventral imanyamula kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mabatani amkati. Pakati pa miyendo yoyenda ndi miyendo yoyamba pali mtundu wina wapadera wa ziwalo zopumira za mawonekedwe a chikho. Mapazi atatu ali ndi miyendo yofanana komanso mbali imodzi ya bristles. Miyendo imakhala ndi zikhadabo ziwiri. Pafupi ndi m'mphepete kumbuyo ndi anus. Mphutsi zofiira ndi ectoparasites osakhalitsa. Mwazi wa nyama, zokwawa, mbalame ndi nyama zam'mlengalenga zasanduka chakudya chawo. Zolocha nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi timagulu tambiri tambiri timeneti mumtundu wa auricles, komanso pakhosi, miyendo ndi muzu wa mchira. Mchitidwe wamagazi umatenga masiku awiri kapena kupitirira. Mphutsi zolowa zigwera padziko lapansi. Kwa nthawi yayitali, mphutsi zimakhalabe motile. Kenako amakhala osagwedezeka ndikupita gawo la nymphachrysalis, lomwe limatha ndikapangira nymph. Nymphs ndi akuluakulu ndiosiyana mosiyanasiyana kuchokera pagawo lazous. AkuluakuluAkuluakulu ndi abuluzi ndi olusa. Amatsogolera okha chithunzi chaulere wa moyo. Mitundu yaying'ono ya arthropod ndi zinthu zowola zimakhala chakudya chawo. Malo omwe akukondedwa ndi magawo a nthaka ndi zinyalala za m'nkhalango. Akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amakhala m'chigwa, nkhalango, mapiri ndi madambo. Thupi la nthata zofiira limakhala ndi utoto wowala kapena wa lalanje ndipo limakutidwa ndi tsitsi. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu ndi pafupifupi 4 mm. Khalidwe ndilo kupezeka kwa ma tracheas opangidwa bwino omwe amatseguka ndi chisankho pafupi ndi chelicera. Kubwezeretsa kwa kafadalaNkhupakupa zopaka zofiira zimadziwika ndi kufooka mwamphamvu kwa kugonana. Mitundu yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mtundu wovuta kwambiri wa metamorphosis. Zinali chifukwa chakuti magawo ena a chitukuko amakwaniritsa ntchito ya zakudya, pomwe ena anasiya kudya. Atembenuka kukhala magulu achilendo opanga ma dormancy ndikuwakumbutsa za buluzi wa tizilombo. Mosiyana ndi tizilombo, momwe pupa ndi yekhayo, kafadala wodziwika ndi kusinthidwa kwa morphogeneis ndi magawo a zakudya. Kuchokera ku mazira omwe adayikidwa m'nthaka, mawonekedwe amakonzedwa. Kenako, mutadya yolk yosungirako m'matumbo, imasanduka mphutsi. Kwa nthata zofiira, kufanana kwa zida zakunja zoberekera mu akazi ndi amuna ndi chikhalidwe. Umuna wa Spermatophore popanda kukopera unatsalira. Zida zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi chivindikiro, chopukutira, zigawo zitatu za ma genenti obisika. Kuvulaza anthu ndi nyamaKwa anthu ndi nyama, gawo lokhalokha la nkhusu zofiira ndi zomwe zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri. Mwa ambiri Tr thapelo mwapang'onopang'ono, owerengeka amakhala ankhanza kwa anthu. Makamaka amalipidwa pa kuukira kwa mphutsi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi mtundu wapadera wa dermatitis, womwe umadziwika kuti thrombidiosis kapena erythema ya autumn. Zotsatira zoyambirira pamalo olumidwa ndikuwoneka ngati malo ofiira. Kuli kuyabwa kwambiri, usiku kwambiri. Khalidwe ndi kukhalapo kwa papule yokhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 3 mm yokhala ndi zotumphukira zolowa mkati. Mpaka tsiku lachisanu, pali chizolowezi chokuwonjezera papule, kuchepa kwake, kenako zilonda. Pakatha masiku asanu ndi atatu, valovu limawuma, ndipo kulowetsedwa kutsimikiza - kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa papulo kumachitika. Malo amdima pamalo olumirako amatha kupitilira milungu iwiri. Kukanda kumayambitsa matenda achitetezo awiri ndikupanga ma pustule ndi zilonda zam'mimba. The rubella chifukwa Tsutsugamushi Japan fever kapena typhoid fever. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Rickettsia tsutsugamushi adalembetsa ku Japan. Zonyamula zonyamula mwachilengedwe ndizingwe zokhala ndi mphutsi pamiyala ya mphutsi, ndipo makoko angapo ang'onoang'ono, osatetezeka ndi malo okhala ndi malo osungira oyambira. Thupi ndimatenda opatsirana opatsirana okhala ndi nthawi ya makulitsidwe a masiku 4-10. Kutentha kwambiri kumayendera limodzi ndi mawonekedwe a utoto wapakhosi komanso ndulu yokulitsidwa. Conjunctiva wamaso ali kwambiri hyperemic. Maphunziro angapo amakula chifukwa cha zovuta zamtima, zochitika za mu ubongo, zovuta zam'mapapozi monga chibayo. Imfa imafika 30%. Mabukuwa amalemba zidziwitso zakupsa kwa nthumwi ya Q fever komanso wothandizila wa ratus wa makoswe kuchokera ku nthata zofiira. Momwe mungachitire ndikulumwaChaka chilichonse, anthu ambiri amalumidwa ndi nkhupakupa. Nthawi zambiri, osati thanzi lokha, komanso moyo wa munthu umadalira zochita zolondola komanso panthawi yake. Ngati nkhupakupa ikuluma kwa masiku angapo, ndipo nthawi zina kwa masabata, ndiye kuti nkhupakupa ingwete. Masikono ang'onoang'ono amapangitsa kuti mtundu uwu wamtunduwu ukhale wosawoneka pa thupi lathu. Kuluma kumatha kukhala chifukwa chokhala pansi kapena kuyenda m'malo omwe pali udzu waukulu. Mphutsi zazing'onoting'ono kubisa komwe zovala zimangika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Itha kukhala malo pansi pa kolala kapena lamba. Chifukwa cha kuyambitsa chinthu chapadera pachilondacho, wovulalayo samva mphindi yakuluma. Izi zimachepetsa chizindikiro cha ululu. Phokoso la papular limawonekera nthawi yomweyo kuluma. Mukapopera, kachilombo koyambira kumachitika kale popanda kutenga mphutsi, zomwe zimafa. Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo cha mankhwalawa ndikufunika kuthandizira kuyimitsanso. Malo opaka phula azikhala oyera nthawi zonse. M'mawa ndi madzulo, mabala amasambitsidwa. Ngati kuyabwa kwatchulidwa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito antihistamines. Nthawi zambiri, zimachitika pokhapokha chithandizo chanyumba, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito lotions kapena malo osambira ndi chamomile ndi celandine. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kutenga kapu yamadzi otentha ndikupanga magalamu khumi osakaniza wowuma azitsamba momwemo. Ikani mankhwala kwa maola pafupifupi awiri, ndikusefa. Phindu labwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangira mafuta. Mutha kusakaniza kirimu cha mwana wakhanda ndi kulowetsedwa kwamphamvu kwa zitsamba zamankhwala. Zotsatira zabwino zimapereka infusions za chamomile, chingwe ndi celandine. Mafuta oterowo amapaka mafuta pachilonda kanayi patsiku ndi kumva kuyabwa kwambiri. Chithandizo cha kulumwa kwa nthata za gamazid ndi chizindikiro. Matenda omwe majeremusi amatenga, werengani nkhaniyi. Mphutsi za wax ndi chinthu chofunikira pakukonzekera kuchiritsa kwamatenda ambiri (chifuwa chachikulu, ukalamba msanga). Momwe mungapangire izi kupanga nokha, werengani ulalo wa https://stopvreditel.ru/doma/voskovaya-mol.html. Njira zachitetezoKuthekera kwakukulu kumatheka ndi kulimbana ndi makoswe, komanso kuwonongeka kwa nkhupakupa zofiira pogwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa mankhwala ndi njira zapadera. Zotsatira zabwino akuwonetsa zochizira nyumbayo ndi fumbi, emulsion DDT ndi hexachloran pamlingo wa 0,5 - 1 gramu yogwira yogwira pa mraba mita ya chithandizo. Kuti muteteze kuukira, ndikofunikira kuti mulowetse zovala ndi zogulitsa. Diethyltoluamide, hexamide, dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Osachepera 40 magalamu a mankhwalawa ayenera kuyikiridwa pa mita imodzi ya nsalu. Immunoprophylaxis chololedwa. Phindu la redsKudera lathu, nkhupakupa sizikhala za tizirombo tomwe tiyenera kuthana ndi mavuto aliwonse. Samenya mbewu, osawononga mbewu. Kukhala pansi, redshoots amawononga kuchuluka kwaulimi, tizirombo ta m'munda. Pofuna kuti musalumidwe, muyenera kusamala mosamala - musayende osavala pansi, muzivala zovala zotsekera m'nkhalango. Tizilombo tofiyira, tofanana ndi nkhupakupa yokhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi ya miyendo - osati cholakwika, koma mphutsi, nymph wa kachilomboka ofiira. Miyendo ina imawonekera pamapeto omaliza a chitukuko. Kenako maliseche amapangidwa. HabitatVelvet mite ndi mbewa zadothi, chifukwa imakhala m'mtunda wamtunda. Tizilombo timakonda zinyalala zokhala ndi masamba owuma, nthambi. Gulu lalikulu la iwo limawonedwanso mumitengo yazomera zouma ndi zitsamba. Matabwa akufa - malo omwe amakonda kwambiri tizilombo. Nkhalango zobiriwira zobiriwira zimakhalanso ndi nkhupakupa zofiira. Tizilombo timeneti timachokera ku nkhalango zakumpoto za India. Kudziko lakwawo, nkhupakupa za velvet zimayamikiridwa kwambiri ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu mu mankhwala achizungu. Mafuta apadera amachokera ku tizilombo, timene timalimbikitsidwa. Ndiye gawo lalikulu la aphrodisiacs. Kufalitsa mayesoKuyika mazira nkhupakupa kumachitika mu kugwa. Mkazi wothira feteleza amaikira mazira m'nthaka. Kutengera ndi kutentha kwa mpweya, mawonekedwe a mazira atsopano amatha kupezeka pakatha masiku 7 kapena 20. Gawo loyamba limatuluka mazira - chakudya chosadyetsa, chosasuntha. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti m'dera lino tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizidyetsa. Prelipu imadya zinthu zofunikira kuchokera ku malo a yolk omwe amapezeka m'matumbo. Kupitilira apo, mphutsi zimakula kuchokera ku mphutsi, kenako imago wamkulu. Akuluakulu amakhala ndi kusiyana kocheperako pamagetsi. Kulowetsa mkati ndi spermatrophic, ndiye kuti, umuna umakhala wolumikizidwa m'mutu, womwe umamatira thupi la mkazi kapena kulowetsamo. Njira zopewera kupewa ngoziMunthawi yophukira yophukira nyengo yotentha, zimakhala zovuta kukana kuyenda kwamtunda, zosangalatsa zakunja ndikuyenda pa udzu. Koma mu udzu uwu pomwe tizirombo tomwe timapha - nthata -. Amatha kumamatira nsapato, zovala kenako zimakwera pamwamba. Kuti mudziteteze kubva kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa, muyenera kutseka kwathunthu thupi. Ma thalauza amamangidwa m'masokisi, ndi jekete ndi sweti m'matumba. Zovala zakunja zovekedwa ziyenera kumakhazikika pachiwono. Nkhupakupa zimayamba kutentha kutentha pamwamba pa 5 ° C, kutentha kwakukulu kwa iwo ndi + 20 ° C. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kudikirira kuti tsiku lotentha lidzayambire ndikutuluka ndikupita kumidzi.
Kuvulaza anthu ndi nyamaMite yofiyira ndiyowopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama pokhapokha ngati pali mphutsi. Mu nthawi ya kugwa, mphutsi zimachita zankhanza kwambiri, chifukwa chake anthu ambiri akuwukira. Izi zimabweretsa matenda oopsa. Chofala kwambiri ndi khungu dermatitis. Matendawa amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi zizindikiro izi:
Kuphatikiza pa dermatitis, mite yofiira imabweretsa matenda ena kwa munthu: typhoid fever, Japan fever fever. Matendawa ndi owopsa chifukwa chakuti mu 30% ya milandu amapha. Akatswiri ena amati nkhupakupa zofiira sizowopsa kwa anthu, ndipo anthu azitha kuvulazidwa ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira tizilombo. Mafunso ofiira amphaka amphaka amphaka ndi amphaka, komanso ziweto zina. Mu nyama zamkhaka mungapeze:
Kodi nyongolotsi zakuda zimawoneka bwanji?Amayi ambiri, powerenga mitundu ya ndowe zamtundu, kapena kungowayang'ana, amapeza mphutsi zakuda zosiyanasiyana. Mwachilengedwe, lingaliro loyamba lidzakhala: "bwanji ngati nyongolotsi?". Koma ayi. Chifukwa cha zoyesera zambiri komanso kafukufuku wambiri m'derali ndi asayansi, zadziwika kuti mphutsi zakuda ndi nthano chabe. Za kukhalapo kwa zingwe zing'onozing'ono za mthunzi wakuda, izi zitha kukhala nthano za nthochi. Zoyambitsa zachilengedwe za kuwonekera kwa ndowe zakuda mwa akuluKukhalapo kwa mtundu wosazolowereka mu ndowe za munthu wamkulu kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha zifukwa zambiri - zonse zowopsa komanso zopanda vuto lililonse. Njira yachiwiri ikuphatikiza kukhalapo kwa zifukwa zotsatirazi:
Zogulitsa izi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso kukhazikika pansi pamithunzi yosazolowereka. Pamodzi ndi iwo, pali masamba ena, zipatso, zopangidwa ndi nyama ndi zipatso. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, musanachite mantha, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muphunzire menyu yanu yamasiku apitawa kapena awiri.
Kufotokozera kwa nkhupakupaZiphuphuzi zimafika mamilimita 0.41 kutalika. Kutsogolo kwa thupi kuli maula, ma hypostomes ndi chelicerae. Kumapeto kwa chelicera iliyonse kuli kansalu kokhala ngati mbedza. Mphutsi ndi lalanje kapena ofiira owala. Mphutsi yanjala yofiira imakhala ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo anthu opeza bwino amawonjezeka pafupifupi kasanu. Mafunso ofiira ofiira (Trombidiidae). Chishango cha mphutsi chaphwanya mzere ndi zitsamba, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhudza kukhudza, ndipo trichobotria yokhala ndi malingaliro imapezekanso pachikopa. M'mphepete mwa mutu wamkati pali maso anthonje. Mphutsi zamtundu wina wa nthata zofiira zilibe maso. Mphutsi imakhala ndi miyendo itatu, miyendo imakhala ndi zikhadabo. Mwazi wa mbalame, zinyama, nyama zapamadzi, ndi zokwawa zimasanduka chakudya cha mphutsi zofiira. Nthawi zambiri pamiyendo mumakhala magulu onse a nkhanu zofiira. Mphutsi zimayamwa magazi kwa masiku awiri kapena kuposerapo, ndipo ndikadzodzala zimagwa pansi. Choyamba, mphutsi ndi mafoni, kenako amasiya kusuntha ndikupita gawo la nymph. Nyani mawonekedwe ake ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi mphutsi. Mphutsi za nthata zofiira, ngati achikulire, zimadya magazi. Nymph wamkulu ndi adani. Nymphs amatsogolera moyo waulere, amadya zowola zazinthu zazing'ono komanso ma arthropod. Nyani zofiirira zimakhala m'nkhalango komanso m'malo okuta nthaka. Akuluakulu amapezeka nthawi zambiri pamatanthwe, pamatanthwe ndi m'nkhalango. Thupi la reds limakhala ndi lalanje yowala kapena mtundu wofiira. Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi tsitsi losalala. Akazi ofiira akuluakulu amafika mamilimita 4 kutalika. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake wofiira wowala, mbewa zofiira zimawonekera bwino. Kuphunzira ndowe zakuda mwa mwanaMonga munthu wamkulu, kusintha kwa ndowe mumtambo wakuda mwa mwana kumatha kukhudzidwa ndi zonse zosavulaza komanso zazifupi, komanso zizidziwitso zazitali komanso zowopsa. Komabe, mosiyana ndi munthu wamkulu, mwana amakhala ndi zifukwa zochepa zokhala ndi nkhawa. Mtundu wa ndowe za mwana nthawi zambiri zimatengera zinthu izi:
Mwa ana okulirapo omwe ayamwitsidwa, zifukwa zotsatirazi zimatha kukhala zifukwa zamtunduwu:
Kubwezeretsanso nthata zofiiraTizilombo tofiyira timene timakhala ndi mtundu wofatsa. Chingwe cha mtundu uwu chimadziwika ndi mtundu wa metamorphosis. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthawi zina chitukuko chikuchitika, pomwe anthu ena amasiya kudya. Kwa anthu oterewa, magawo ogonera, monga pupae mu tizilombo, amakhala otchuka. Mphutsi zokhazikika zimatuluka mazira omwe adayikidwa m'nthaka. Fomuyi imadyera nkhokwe yosungirako m'matumbo ndikusintha kukhala mphutsi. Amuna ndi akazi onse ofiira ofanana ndi omwe amapanga mawonekedwe amtundu wakunja. Feteleza ndi spermatophore, popanda kutulutsa. Mazira ofiira okonza thupi. Kukhalapo kwa ndowe zakuda mwa amayi apakatiPamaso pa mthunzi wakuda wa ndowe mwa amayi apakati palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa. Mitundu ya Stool imatha kukhala chifukwa cha kukonzekera kwa Vitamini. Kuphatikiza apo, zifukwa zotsatirazi zitha kukhala zifukwa zowonjezerera za mthunziwu:
Chifukwa chake, pankhani yathanzi lamtsogolo la amayi, palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa. Komabe, ngati pali mbiri ya zilonda zam'mimba zokhala ndi madontho amtundu wakuda, muyenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yoyamba kuti asinthe mtundu. Kupewa TizilomboKodi mungachotse bwanji cheki chofiira? Funso ili liyenera kukhudzana ndi wamaluwa, komanso okonda mbewu zamkati, popeza masamba akumbuyo ndi malo omwe amakonda. Monga njira zopewera, zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:
Kodi majeremusi amayambitsa chifuwa?Masamba, kapena m'malo mwake, matendawa, afala kwambiri masiku ano kotero kuti nkosatheka kumvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa tsokali kwa ogula osadziwa. Koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi: mphutsi za nyongolotsi zimapezeka paliponse lero - mu chakudya, madzi osasambitsidwa, zimakhala nyama, mbalame, chimbudzi cha munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo kapena nthumwi ya dziko lapansi. Chifukwa chiyani sizinachitike kale? Pali kulongosoka kwabwinobwino kwa ichi:
Zomwe zimapangidwira ma nyongolotsiNjira yolowera mwa anthu pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nyongolotsi imachokera mkamwa. Koma pali kusiyanasiyana - pamene mphutsi za helminth zimalowa m'magazi pakuluma kachilombo. Mphutsi zomwe zimalowa m'magazi zimatha kukhala paliponse m'thupi - zonse zimatengera komwe omwe azikunyamula. Zomwe zimalowa mkamwa, kenako kulowa m'matumbo amunthu. Mitundu ina imakhalamo, ina imalowa mu ziwalo zina - chiwindi, ducts, mapapu. Ngati mitundu yotere ya helminths, yomwe, ikusunthira thupi, ikalowa mu ubongo, maso, mtima. Helminths, atakhala chiwalo chilichonse, amakwiya ngati matenda osiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala oopsa kwambiri. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zamatenda oyamba ndi maonekedwe a munthu wodwala matenda omwe sanakhalepo kale. Ndipo pali kuwonongeka kotheratu kwa ziwalo za ziwalo komwe helminths imakhala. Koma majeremusi amafunikira michere yatsopano kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwinobwino. Zimasunthira patsogolo, chifukwa cha pomwe pamavulaza ochepa komanso kuvulala kwamkati, komwe zimalowa m'moyo wa mphutsi zimalowa m'magazi. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi chizindikiro monga thanzi labwino. Zosasangalatsa kwambiri, mphutsi zachikulire zimapezeka m'mphuno, m'makutu ngakhale mkamwa. Kodi zizindikiro zake ndi ziti? Moti musasokoneze mphutsi zomwe zimapezeka mu nasopharynx ndi matenda, mawonetseredwe a ziwengo, poyizoni? Zizindikiro za NyongolotsiChoyamba, atakayikira kupezeka kwa mphutsi, ndikofunikira kulabadira zonse zomwe zikusonyeza:
Pamene nyongolotsi zimayamba kuyenda kulowa mthupi la munthu, zizindikilo zamatenda omwe ziwalo zomwe adazikhudza zimayamba kudziwonetsa. Mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro zomwe mphutsi zakhazikika m'chiwindi, ma ducts a bile: Ngati nyongolotsi zalowa m'mapapu amunthu, ndiye kuti zizindikiro za matenda amtunduwu zikuchitira umboni kuti:
Koma zizindikirozi zimatha kupezeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa nyongolotsi za maso:
Zomwe zimawonetsa kugonjetsedwa ndi mphutsi za m'mphunoTiziromboti titakhazikika mu nasopharynx, zizindikiro zakuukira ziyamba kuonekera. Zachidziwikire, sipangakhale mphutsi pakamwa pokha, ndipo ngati zikuwoneka, ndiye kuti mphutsi zomwe zimafalikira posaka malo abwino kwambiri. Nyongolotsi zimakhazikika mu mphuno, mu maxillary sinuses. Amatha kulowa mkamwa, zomwe zingayambitse chisangalalo chokha, koma zimayambitsa matenda osatha a rhinitis, mawonekedwe a thupi lawo ndi matenda ena. Nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwa majeremusi akachuluka kwambiri, amatha kulowa m'mphuno ndipo ngakhale amoyo wamkulu amatha kupezeka mu sputum ya munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo. Mwambowu siwosangalatsa kwambiri.
Kukhosakhota kowuma kumatha kukhalanso komwe nyongolotsi zimasunthika kuchokera m'matumbo kupita m'mapapu - zimangosokosera chifukwa cha matupi achilendo pakhosi. Kuletsa chifuwa chotere ndichosatheka. Palibe mankhwala omwe amathandiza. Kuphatikiza apo, osati majeremusi okha omwe ali pakhosi angayambitse chifuwa chouma, komanso omwe amasuntha kudzera nasopharynx pansi pakhungu. Ndipo ngati zomwe zili pamwamba zitha kupezeka mwanjira ina ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchofu zomwe zatulutsidwa pakhosi, ndiye akatswiri okhawo omwe angadziwitse tizirombo pansi pa khungu. Nyongolotsi zimakhazikika m'makutu. Samalowa kuchokera kunja, koma kuchokera mkati, kotero khutu lamkati limakonda kukhudzidwa. Dokotala sangathe kupeza kuchokera ku ENT, koma kukhalapo kwa mphutsi m'derali kudzipangitsa kumva ngati tinnitus. Kuphatikiza apo, munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo amatha kusokonezedwa ndi mutu komanso kupweteka kwa khutu, kutupa. Ndipo kukhalapo komweku kumapangitsa kutentha kwambiri. Zoyenera kuchita ngati Mafunso Chikafika pamanyumba?Polimbana ndi tizilombo, njira 3 zogwira ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yoyamba ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira kunyumba. Koma choyamba muyenera kudula masamba omwe masamba ake ndi ovulala.
Njira yachiwiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zina zapakhomo sizigwira ntchito. Njira yachitatu ndi njira zotetezeka kwa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, Agravertin, Akarin, Bitoxibacillin, etc. Zoyenera kuchita ngati kulumidwa ndi Mafunso wofiyira?Munthu sangamve kulumala nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa kachilomboka kamabweretsa chinthu chapadera chogonana m'thupi la munthu. Pakapita kanthawi, malo owuma adzakutidwa ndi mawanga ofiira omwe ayamba kuyambiranso. Kuluma kumakhala koopsa usiku. Kuluma nkhupakupa, monga tanena kale, kumalumidwa ndi munthu, chifukwa chake ndizovuta kuzizindikira pa thupi. Awo ndi ang'ono komanso obisala mumphepete mwa zovala. Ndiye muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati nkhupakuma yakumwa? Choyamba, malo owonongeka ayenera kutsukidwa ndikuthira mafuta ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mwa wowerengeka azitsamba, amachita ntchito yabwino kwambiri:
Posachedwa, kuluma mwachinsinsi, muyenera kuwona dokotala. Kodi matenda a majeremusi amachokera kuti?Kuti mumvetsetse momwe tizilombo timatengera matenda, muyenera kuyezetsa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ntchito za nthata ndi mawonekedwe ake. Kukula kwa tiziromboti kumachitika mu magawo angapo, monga mitundu yambiri ya arachnids. Nkhupakupa za banja lino. Asanafike pa msinkhu wachikulire, ayenera kuthana ndi magawo angapo a mawonekedwe asanakwane. Amatchedwa nymphal. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda touluma timaluma ndipo timayamwa magazi chimodzimodzi ndi anthu omwe afika pa gawo la akulu. Komabe, nthawi zambiri izi zimagwira ntchito kwa nyama zomwe zimakhala moyandikana ndi nthaka (makoswe, mbalame, carrion). Mutha kuwona nymphs pa thupi la munthu kapena nyama nthawi zosowa kwambiri. Izi zikufotokozedwa chifukwa cholephera kusunthira mbewuzo chifukwa cha kukula kwake. Mbale ndi makoswe zimawerengedwa kuti ndiye gwero lalikulu la matenda; zimayimira kudziunjikira kwa matenda ambiri. Poyerekeza ndi magazi a nyama zodwala, kachilombo kameneka kamatenga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, zimasunga mpaka kusintha mpaka magawo otsatirawo. Chaka chamawa, tambala okhwima akaoneka, malovu ake amakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chifukwa si nyama iliyonse yomwe magazi a nymph omwe adadyerayo ali ndi kachilombo. Zotsatira zake, si nkhupakupa zonse zomwe zimakhala zonyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a zinyama ndi anthu. Kunja, ndikosatheka kudziwa. Mitundu ya Tizilombo OopsaNdizovuta kukhulupirira, koma masiku ano dziko lapansi limadziwa mitundu ya nkhuni yoposa 48,000. Amatha kupulumuka ngakhale m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri ya Antarctic. Choopsa chachikulu ndi majeremusi omwe amadya magazi, motero, amafalitsa ma virus ndi matenda.Izi zimaphatikizira zonyamula matenda opatsirana:
Kodi matenda amatenga bwanji?Kuyembekezera gwero lamphamvu kuti lidayende zakale, chonyamula matenda opatsirana (chithunzi tating'onoting'ono tikulembapo) chimakwawira pa chomera kapena nthambi zamtengo. Kumva fungo la cholengedwa chamoyo, tiziromboti timasunthira pamenepo ndikusankha madera okhala ndi khungu losalala kwambiri. Inde, kuluma kumatha kugwera mbali zina za thupi. Pakulimbana ndi kachilombo, kachilomboka kamafinya. Ndikuluma mobwerezabwereza cholengedwa china, kuphatikiza anthu, tiziromboti timanyamula limodzi ndi malovu. Bacteria imachulukana kwambiri mthupi la wozunzidwayo ndipo imayambitsa ma process. Nthawi zina, wovutitsidwayo alibe nthawi yoti afikire kuchipatala. Onyamula matenda oyamba ndi matenda opatsirana, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyesa nthawi kuti muwone kupezeka kwa thupi. Tizilombo timeneti sititha kuziona tsiku loyamba, koma pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi mkazi amawonjezeka kangapo ndipo ndiosavuta kuzindikira. Munthawi imeneyi, matendawa amakhala ndi nthawi yoti afalikire mthupi lonse. Nyani yamphongo, ikadzaza, imasowa. Nthawi zina, munthu samamvetsa chifukwa chake thanzi lake likuchepa kwambiri. Ndi matenda ati omwe amapatsira anthu, tikambirana zina. Borreliosis ndi EncephalitisBorrelez ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri omwe adapezeka mu 1975 ku America. Pakadali pano, kuledzera kwamphamvu kudachitika mdziko lonselo chifukwa cha kugonja kwa tizilomboti ta ixodic, kamene kamanyamula matenda oyambitsa matendawa. Pambuyo kuluma, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonedwa:
Ngati simukuwona dokotala pakapita nthawi, matenda a meningitis ndi ziwalo angayambe. Tiyeni tionenso matenda omwe amabwera ndi nkhupakupa. Encephalitis ndi njira yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imakhudza ubongo ndi msana, komanso dongosolo lonse lamanjenje. Pambuyo pake, ma psychologies amisala ndi mitsempha amatha kuonedwa. Patatha sabata kuchokera kuluma, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonedwa:
Ngati izi zikuwoneka, chinthu chachikulu ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa vutoli, kungokhala kuchipatala kwadzidzidzi ndi komwe kungathandize. Kodi muyenera kudikirira kaye liti?Kuti muwone bwino, muyenera kudziwa osati matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha nkhupakupa. Ndikofunikira kuzizindikira mu nthawi. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zodwala matenda opatsirana zimawonekera masiku awiri oyambira kapena milungu itatu itatha. Zonse zimatengera kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'matayala amadzimadzi, chitetezo chathupi komanso mtundu wa matenda. Mwa zina mwazizindikiro zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakuluma kwamtundu wina.
Nthawi zambiri, kuluma tiziromboti sikubweretsa ngozi yayikulu. Koma kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lodana ndi vuto lawo lonse, vutoli limatha kuthana ndi kukwiya, kuyabwa ndi mphumu, komanso m'malo ovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kukhumudwitsidwa kwa anaphylactic. Choyamba thandizo kulumaNgakhale mutalandira katemera wa nkhupakupa, pakuluma ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupeze chithandizo kumalo a seroprophylaxis ndikutenga "Iodantipirin". Mafunso Chongani amachotsedwa motere:
ZizindikiroKuti mudziteteze ku zovuta zomwe zingachitike, ndibwino kuti mupereke mayeso ku labotale ngati zingatheke. Izi zitha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati tizilomboyo sitinawonongeke pakuchotsa. Ngati pazifukwa zina sizingatheke kuchititsa kafukufuku, dokotalayo amamuyesa mayeso a ma labotale kwa munthuyo kuti adziwe zomwe zingayambitse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi. Njira yothandiza kwambiri yodziwira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndiyo njira yodziwira ma serological pozindikira ma antibodies kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi polymer unyolo. Mwa zina, wodwalayo amakayezetsa mkodzo ndi magazi, amayendera katswiri wa matenda amitsempha, matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda opatsirana ndi dermatologist. ChithandizoMu maora oyamba mutatha kulumidwa ndi chongonyamula-chodwala matenda opatsirana, wolandirayo amalumidwa ndi ma immunoglobulins omwe amatseketsa ma virus ndikuwachotsa m'thupi. Chithandizo choterechi ndi chothandiza, pakatha masiku anayi, pambuyo pa nthawi iyi, mankhwalawa ndi osayenera kugwiritsa ntchito. Pakudwala koyamba, munthu amayikidwa m'chipatala ndikuchita zoyenera. Matenda ambiri oyambitsidwa ndi kuluma kwachichepere amathandizidwa ndi maantibayotiki ochokera ku gulu la tetracycline. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owonjezera kumatengera njira ya matendawa ndi zotsatirapo zake. Ena mwa iwo ndi mahomoni a steroid, ma pinkiller ndi mankhwala othana ndi kutupa, ma immunostimulants ndi mavitamini. Njira zopeweraKupita ku chilengedwe, muyenera kutsatira njira izi:
Pobwerera kunyumba mutatha kuyenda mwachilengedwe kapena piyano nyengo yachisanu, muyenera kuchotsa zovala ndikuthamangitsa zovala kunja pazenera. Kenako muyenera kumuyang'anitsitsa mosamala ndi thupi kuti muwone ngati pali majeremusi. Ndi matenda ati omwe nkhupakupa zimakhala ndi nyama?Nkhupakupa za Ixodid sizivulanso nyama. Chiwerengero cha majeremusi chikukula chaka chilichonse. Kuzisiyanitsa ndikosavuta: ali ndi miyendo ya 6-8, kutalika kwa thupi ndi 5 mm, mawonekedwe amawonekera kumbuyo. Pakulumwa, matenda otsatirawa amaperekedwa kwa chinyama:
Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani nkhupakupa?Mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kulingaliridwa:
Nkhaniyi ikuwona mtundu wa nkhupakupa zamtundu, zomwe zimanyamula matenda omwe. Popita koyenda m'nkhalango kapena paki, ndikofunikira kuti mudziteteze nokha ndi ana anu ku zotsatira zomwe zingachitike pasadakhale. Kuopsa kwa kachilombokaKwa anthu ndi nyama, mphutsi zokha za nkhuku zofiira ndi zomwe zimawopsa kwambiri. Banja la Trothand ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ndipo kwa iwo, oimira ochepa okha ndi omwe amakhala ankhanza kwa anthu. Matenda osiyanasiyana amachitika chifukwa cha chiphuphu. Matenda ofala kwambiri ndi mtundu wapadera wa dermatitis wotchedwa autumn erythema kapena thrombidiosis. Ikangoluma, pakawoneka malo ofiira pamalo omwe akhudzidwa, imapweteka kwambiri, ndipo kuyanika kumayamba usiku. Pali papule yokhala ndi mulifupi mwake mamilimita atatu, papule iyi imakula mpaka tsiku la 5, patatha masiku 8 isungunuke, ndipo malo amdima amakhala m'malo mwake, omwe amatha kudziwika kwa masabata awiri. Izi amawayang'ana, ndipo kuphatikiza kumayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwachiwiri kwa matenda ndikupanga zilonda. Nkhupakupa zofiira zimakhala ndi matenda owopsa. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhupakupa zofiira zimakhala zonyamula malungo amtsinje wa Japan kapena typhoid fever. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi mphutsi za chikumbu chofiyira, zomwe zimakhazikika pa makoswe ang'onoang'ono, nyama zapakhomo ndi nyama zopanda chitetezo. Kutentha kwa Japan ndi matenda opatsirana oyambitsidwa ndi kutentha thupi, ndulu, komanso zotupa. Mavuto amatha kutsegula chibayo, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo ndi mtima. Vutoli la matendawa ndi 30%. Zoyenera kuchita ngati kulumidwa ndi nthiti zofiira?Anthu ambiri amadwala matenda oopsa chaka chilichonse. Ngati kulumako kukuyamwa kwa masiku angapo, ndiye kuti kuluma ndiye kuti ndi nthata yofiyira. Chifukwa nthata izi ndizochepa, ndizovuta kuwona thupi. Malamba amabisala m'malo omwe zovala zimagwirizana mwamphamvu ndi thupi, mwachitsanzo, pansi pa lamba kapena kolala. Popeza nkhupiyo imalowetsa chilonda mu zilonda, kuluma palokha sikukugwera mtima. Zimakhazikika pakapita maola 24 kuluma. Dera lowonongeka liyenera kusungidwa. M'mawa ndi madzulo, chilondacho chimatsukidwa. Ndi kuyabwa kwambiri, mankhwala a antiseptic amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chotsani kuyanika ndi kusamba ndi celandine. Muthanso kuchiritsa mabala ndi chisakanizo cha mwana wamafuta ndi kulowetsedwa motsatizana, chamomile ndi celandine. Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani. Share
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