Leopard kamba * Zotulutsa

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Gulu la asayansi

Ufumu:	Nyama
Lembani:	Chordate
Subtype:	Vertebrates
Giredi:	Zotulutsa
Gulu:	Akamba
Dongosolo:	Crypto-turtles
Banja:	Akamba amtundu
Jenda:	Akamba amtundu
Onani:	Leopard kamba

Dzina lachi Latin Geochelone pardalis
Bell, 1828

Leopard kamba , kapena ufulu wamadzi (lat. Geochelone pardalis) - mtundu wa akamba amtchire. Fuluu wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri ku Africa (atatha kutulutsa).

Kufotokozera

Fimbi lalikulu, kutalika kwa nkhono yake kumafika masentimita 70. Unyinji wa munthu wamkulu umatha kukhala 50 kg. Amuna amasiyana amuna ndi akazi mchira wautali, pa pulasitiki yawo imakhala yopuma. Chigoba cha kambuku ndi wamtali, wolamulira. Mtundu wake waukulu ndi wachikasu. Akamba ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda, pamtundu wawo. Ndi zaka, pang'onopang'ono zimayamba. Akatikati tating'onoting'ono ochokera ku Etiopia, mitundu ya nkhonoyi ndiyofooka kuposa ena onse.

Kugawa ndi malo okhala

Fulu la nyalugwe limafalikira ku Africa kuchokera ku Sudan ndi ku Ethiopia mpaka kummwera kwenikweni kwa bara.

Malo akulu okhala (savannah ndi mapiri owuma). Nyama zimatha kukwera mapiri mpaka 1800-2000 metres pamwamba pa nyanja. Akamba a panther omwe amakhala m'mapiri nthawi zambiri amakhala akuluakulu kuposa omwe amaphimba.

Kuswana

Mu nyengo yakukhwima (kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Okutobala), amuna amamenyera akazi, kuyesera kugunda wotsutsa kumbuyo kwawo. Wopenyetsetsa wina anati azimayi akuluakulu amatha kuthyola zigaza zazimuna zonse ziwiri poyimenya ndi zipolopolo. Pokonzekera kukhwima, yamphongo imatambasulira khosi, ndikutsika mutu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imachita mawu okweza kwambiri. M'chigawo Chakum'mwera, mazira amayikidwa mu Seputembala - Okutobala, ndipo ku equator, nthawi yobereketsa imakulitsidwa. Mazira ndi ozungulira mowumbika, ndi chipolopolo chokulirapo, m'mimba mwake ndi masentimita 2,5-5. Mu clutch pali mazira 5 mpaka 30. Ndi mazira ambiri, zazikazi zimatha kuziyika m'magawo angapo olekanitsidwa ndi dothi. Kutalika kwa makulidwe m'chilengedwe ndi kuyambira masiku 180, ndipo m'mikhalidwe yovuta mpaka 440.

Masanjidwe

Geochelone pardalis pardalis - chigobacho chimakhala chotsika komanso chosalala.
Geochelone pardalis babcocki - carapace ndiwokwera, wolamulira.

Akamba a Leopard amasungidwa m'malo opangira ma penti kapena zolembera okhala ndi chinyezi chochepa (35-40%). Kusakaniza kouma kwamiyala ndi peat ndikoyenera ngati dothi. Kutentha ndi 23-30 ° C masana ndi 20-25 ° C usiku. Kuti muchepetse kubereka, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kutentha kwakanthawi mpaka 15 ° C. Kuyika mazira pamtunda wa 27 ° C kumatenga masiku 125-180, pamtunda wotsika kwambiri kumatha kutulutsira mpaka masiku 230. Akavalidwe kakale kwambiri kwambiri akamba amoyo amakhala zaka 75.

Habitat

Africa kuchokera ku Sudan ndi Ethiopia kumwera kudutsa East Africa kupita ku South Africa komanso kudutsa kumadzulo kwa South Africa kumpoto kudzera ku Namibia kupita ku Angola. M'nthaka youma, youma yamtunda - m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso malo okwera, omwe amakhala ndi masamba ambiri. Nyama zimathanso kukwera m'mapiri mpaka kutalika kwa 1800-2000 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Akamba a “Alpine” ndiakulu kuposa nthenga zazing'ono.
Kutentha, akamba amabisala mabowo omwe amakumba nkhandwe, anteatte, kapena ankhandwe.

Mwachilengedwe, akamba amadya zitsamba, zipatso, zipatso, zipatso zamtengo wapatali, nthula, zipatso (euphorbia, aloe, Cotyledon sp.), Komanso ma grebes. Ngati ndi kotheka, amadya maungu, mavwende, ndi miyendo yosiyanasiyana paminda yolimidwa. Zitsamba zimayenera kupanga 70-75% ya zakudya. Koma osavomerezeka kuti apatse kuchuluka kwamasamba owaza zipatso ndi zipatso kwa akamba akamba a panther. Kudya izi kumatha kubweretsa mavuto m'mimba. M'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kuti kamba akaumire udzu m'chilimwe.
Komanso akambuku owala, monga wina aliyense, amafunika calcium (makamaka akamba achichepere ndi amayi oyembekezera). Mwachilengedwe, mtunduwu umalandira calcium, ndikupaka mafupa a nyama zakufa ndikudya ndowe za mafinya. Paukapolo, ndikokwanira kuwaza chakudya cha kamba ndi calcium zowonjezera (Repto-Kal) ndikuyika nyali ya ultraviolet yowoneka bwino. Ndipo masiku otentha a chirimwe, kamba amayenera kuyendetsa mu mpweya wabwino pansi pa dzuwa lenileni. Zakudya zoyenera komanso kupezeka nthawi yake ndikuwala kwa ultraviolet ndiye chinsinsi cha chipolopolo chilichonse.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kupatula nyama ku menyu wa kambuku - chifukwa izi zimatha kuyambitsa kukula kwambiri komanso mavuto ku chiwindi ndi impso. Ndipo sikulimbikitsidwanso kupereka zakudya zamasamba okhala ndi mapuloteni ammasamba (mwachitsanzo, ma legamu), amakhalanso ndi calcium komanso phosphorous yovuta kwambiri.

Kodi muli ndi kamba?

Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino mnyumbamo, kamba wa panther amafunika malo otambalala (kuyambira 70-80 cm m'litali kwa achinyamata ndi achinyamata mpaka 150-200 cm m'litali kwa akuluakulu), komwe khola loyenda lidzaphatikizidwanso pambuyo pake, lophatikizidwanso:

Nyali ya UV 10% UVB
50-75 Watts magetsi woyatsa
wakumwa kwambiri koma wotsika
Ma mbale 1-2 azakudya
pobisalira

Kuphatikizika kwa zomwe zili pamtunduwu ndikofanana ndi ufulu wamba wa Central Asia. Chinyezi chimayenera kusungidwa pamlingo wa 35-40%, kutentha pa kutentha kwake ndi madigiri 32, kumbuyo 24-26. Makungwa a payini osakanizika ndi udzu kapena tchipisi cha kokonati ndi abwino ngati dothi.

Mawonekedwe

Kamba ka nyalugwe kabisala pansi pa ntchito yayitali, yokhala ngati utoto, wachikasu. Wocheperako nyama, yowonekera bwino pamakoma pazishango: ndi msinkhu, mapangidwe ake samawala. Chigoba chopepuka kwambiri cha zokwawa ku Ethiopia.

Pamwamba nthawi zonse kumakhala kwamdima kuposa pamimba (plastiki). Kamba iliyonse imadzitchinjiriza ndi zida zamtundu umodzi, monga momwe zokongoletsera sizibwerezabwereza. Chifukwa chakuti zithunzi zolaula zimafotokozedwa pang'onopang'ono, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chiyanjano cha amuna ndi akazi mokakamiza, ndikugubuduza kambuku kumbuyo kwake.

Zofunika! Mchira wautali, notch mu pulasitoni (osati nthawi zonse) komanso wotsika kwambiri (motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa zazikazi) ukatswiri wazakukuwuzani adzakuwuzani kuti mwamunayo ndi wamwamuna.

Kukula, akazi ndi otsika kuposa amuna. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za boma, wamkazi wamkulu kwambiri wolemera makilogalamu 20 wakula mpaka 49.8 cm, pomwe chimphona chachikulu chachimuna chadya mpaka ma kilogalamu 43 kutalika kwa 0.66 m. Chimphona ichi chotchedwa Jack chimakhala ndikumwalira ku National Park of Elephants Eddo (South Africa), wosakhoza kutuluka mu dzenje lake mu 1976.

Khosi, mutu wosalala, mchira ndi miyendo ya zodzala ndi yokutidwa ndi mamba opepuka. Khosi limalowa pansi pa carapace, komanso kutembenukira mosavuta kumanzere / kumanja. Mano a kambuku wa kambuku sakusowa, koma m'malo mwake ndi mulomo wamphamvu kwambiri.

Makhalidwe ndi machitidwe

Chifukwa chobisika kwa nyama zam'madzi, njira yake yosamveka siyabwino. Mwachitsanzo, zimadziwika kuti amakonda kusungulumwa ndikukhala pamtunda. Pofufuza chakudya, amatha kuyenda nthawi yayitali komanso osatopa. Kambwe wa kambukuyu ali ndi masomphenya otalikirapo (okhala ndi mitundu): makamaka kofiyira amakhala nako. Amamva, monga njuba zina zonse, osati bwino kwambiri, koma ali ndi fungo labwino kwambiri. Gland ya prianal, yomwe imapanga chinsinsi chakuthwa, ili ndi ntchito ziwiri - imawopseza mdani ndikupangitsa wokondedwa.

Izi ndizosangalatsa! Kambuku wokhala ngati kambuku amapanga kuchepa kwa calcium mwa kupera mafupa a nyama zakufa ndikudya ndowe za mafinya. Chifukwa chake pamtundu wa kabati amatenga umuna womwe umafunika.

Chokwiracho chimabisala padzuwa lotentha lomwe limakumbamo lokha, koma nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito zingwe, pomwe anteas, ankhandwe ndi nkhandwe zachoka. Imadzuka m'khola nthawi yotentha ikayamba kutentha kapena mvula ikayamba kugwa.

Habitat, malo okhala

Fulu la nyalugwe limafalikira kumayiko ambiri aku Africa kuyambira ku Sudan / Ethiopia mpaka kumalire a kum'mwera kwenikweni.

Zotulutsa zimapezeka m'maiko monga:

Angola, Burundi ndi Botswana,
Congo, Kenya ndi Mozambique,
Republic of Djibouti, Malawi ndi Ethiopia,
Namibia, Somalia ndi Rwanda,
South Sudan ndi South Africa,
Tanzania, Uganda ndi Swaziland,
Zambia ndi Zimbabwe.

Nyama zimakonda madera ouma kapena owuma omwe amakhala kumapiri kapena malo obiriwira, momwe muli masamba osiyanasiyana. Akamba a panther awonedwa mobwerezabwereza m'mapiri pamtunda wa 1.8-2 km kumtunda kwa nyanja. Zobera zam'mapiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulupo kuposa zapamwamba.

Chakudya cha kambuku

Kuthengo, nyama zamtchirezi zimakonda kudya zitsamba ndi zakudya (euphorbia, mapeyala osokoneza bongo ndi aloe). Nthawi zina amayendayenda m'minda yomwe amayesa maungu, mavwende ndi nyemba. Muukapolo, zakudya za nyama zimasinthidwa mwanjira ina: zimaphatikizapo nsipu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri nthawi yozizira, komanso masamba azomera. Ngati simukufuna kuti kamba kachilomboka kakuvutika ndi vuto la kudya, musamawonjezere ndi masamba ndi zipatso.

Nyama sayenera kupezeka pa menyu wa panther turtle - gwero lamapuloteni (limodzi ndi ma nyemba) limapangitsa kukula kwambiri, koma, kuwonjezera, kumabweretsa matenda a impso ndi chiwindi.

Zofunika! Wotsiriza sangathe kudyetsa akamba - mbedza zimakhala ndi phosphorous / calcium, koma mapuloteni ambiri, omwe amachititsa kuti ziweto zizikula mosafunikira.

Kambuku, monga akamba onse, amafunikira calcium kwambiri kuti akhale ndi mphamvu komanso kukongola kwa chipolopolo: Zoyala zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono zimafunikira chinthuchi koposa zonse. Zowonjezera za calcium (mwachitsanzo Repto-Cal) zimangosakanizidwa ndi chakudya.

Adani achilengedwe

Zida zachilengedwe siziteteza kambuku kwa adani ambiri, woopsa kwambiri ndi anthu.. Anthu aku Africa amapha akamba akudya nyama yawo ndi mazira, kuti apange mankhwala okhala ndi zolinga zingapo, zotetezera komanso luso labwino kuchokera ku carapace.

Adani achilengedwe a nyama zanyama zam'madzi amatchedwanso:

Akamba, makamaka odwala ndi ofooka, amakwiya kwambiri ndi ka kachilombo ka nyerere ndi nyerere, komwe kumayang'ana mwachangu mbali zofewa za thupi la kamba. Pamodzi ndi tizilombo touluka, helminth, majeremusi, bowa ndi ma virus amapezeka. Akamba am'nyanja akuwopsezedwa ndi agalu olimbana ndi makoswe ndi mbewa.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Akamba amtundu wa Leopard amadyedwa ndi mitundu yamagulu ena okhala ku Zambia ndi kumwera kwa Ethiopia.. Kuphatikiza apo, abusa aku Itiyopiya amagwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo kuchokera ku akambuku ang'onoang'ono akufa ngati mtundu wa mabelu. Okhala ku Somalia amatenga zimbalangondo kuti zizigulitsanso malonda ku China ndi Southeast Asia, komwe kunyamula kwawo kukufunika kwambiri.

Komanso, mtundu wa akambuku awa amagulitsidwa mwachangu tawuni ya Mto Wa Mbu (Northern Tanzania). Kuno, kumpoto kwa Tanzania, fuko la Ikoma limakhala, omwe amawona nyama zodzitchinjiriza kukhala nyama zawo zonse. Masiku ano, mitunduyi imadziwika kuti ndi yokhazikika, ngakhale kufa kwa akamba amoto nthawi zambiri ku East Africa (Tanzania ndi Kenya). Mu 1975, kamba wa kambuku adalembedwa mu CITES Appendix II.

Zilengezo.

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Mwayi wopambana mipira, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe mutha kulipira patsamba lathu mukamagula nyama ndi katundu wawo *

* Kuti mupeze mfundo, muyenera kutitsatira pa Instagram ndikuyankha mafunso omwe timafunsa pazithunzi ndi makanema. Aliyense amene amayankha molondola woyamba amalandila mfundo 10, zomwe ndi zofanana ndi ma ruble 10. Mfundozi zakhala ndi nthawi yopanda malire. Mutha kuwawononga nthawi iliyonse patsamba lathu pogula zinthu zilizonse. Kuvomerezeka kuyambira 03/11/2020

Tisonkhanitsa zofunsira kukolola kwa chiberekero kwa ogulitsa mu Epulo.

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Kugulitsa Acanthoscurria geniculata L7-8. Amuna ndi akazi ku 1000 rubles. Ogulitsa ruble 500.

Terrarium

Kusamalira kumafunikira malo owuma ambiri (opangidwa ndi galasi kapena matalala olimba) kapena pobisalira (chinyezi 35-40%) ndi dothi lothira pansi: zopindika zazikulu zamatabwa, tchipisi tamatabwa kapena tchipisi cha kokonati, kapena osakaniza miyala, mchenga ndi peat. Ndi kusowa kwa malo, amavutika ndi kutayika kwa minofu kamvekedwe. Kwa akamba atatu oyang'anira ndulu, 2x2 m corral ya zosangalatsa ndi 7x4 m poyenda ndiyabwino.
Zida zonse ndi zokongoletsera mmenemo ziyenera kukhazikika bwino.

Akamba amatha nthawi yambiri padzuwa. Mtundu wa UVI kwa iwo ndi 1.0-2.6 average, 2.9-7.4 maximum (3rd Ferguson zone). Masana maola chilimwe - maola 14, nthawi yozizira - maola 10. Kutentha kwa nyengo masana ndi 28-32 C ndi kutentha pansi pa nyali (potentha) kwa 40-50 C, ndipo kutentha kwa usiku ndi 24-28 C. M'nyengo yozizira, 26-30 C masana ndi 22-25 C usiku. Kambukuyu amalekerera mosavuta kutentha kwa 15 ° C, komwe kumakhala kofunika nyengo isanayambe kubereka.

Wosamwa mosafunikira amafunikira, pomwe kamba amatha kukwera kwathunthu. Ufulu umafunikira mphamvu yolumikizira Ultraviolet (10% UVB reptile UV taa) ngakhale kukula kwa chipolopolo + kuvala kashiamu wapamwamba.