Dzina lachi Latin: | Anthus trivialis |
Gulu: | Odutsa |
Banja: | Wagtail |
Kuphatikiza: | Kufotokozera kwamitundu ya ku Europe |
Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Mpheta zazing'ono komanso zochepa. Amathamanga pansi, akuyenda modumphira pakati pa udzu. Wowopsa amakhala pamtengo wapafupi, amayenda pafupi ndi nthambiyo, akumata mchira wake mmwamba ndi pansi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pamitengo ndi tchire. Mlomo wake ndi waukulu. Miyendo ndiyopyapyala, chokocha chala chakumbuyo chimapindika, chifupi (chachifupi kuposa chala ichochokha kapena chofanana kutalika). Kutalika kwa thupi 16-16 masentimita, mapiko 26-30-30 cm, kulemera kwa 19- 26 g.
Kufotokozera. Mbali yakumtunda ya mbalame mu nthenga wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba ndi nthenga wonyezimira, wopanda mautoto wakuda bii, osakhalapo kumbuyo kwenikweni. Pa nthenga zokulira kumtunda kwa mchira, pali mikwingwirima yayitali, yamdima yakuda. Pansi pake ndi koyera, kokhala ndi ma tchuthi amtundu wakuda ndi utoto wakuda, kotakata pachifuwa komanso yopapatiza m'mbali za thupi. Khungu lowoneka bwino, lowoneka bwino pamwamba. Mtundu waukulu wa mapiko ndi nthenga zachitsulo ndi zofiirira zakuda. Pamutu pa mapiko kuphimba malire oyera odetsedwa. Khalani oyera. Zida zakunja ndi gawo labwinobwino la namsongole wamkati wa nthenga zowuluka kwambiri. Nthenga zachiwiri za nthenga zokhala pamizere ya zingwe zamkati zimadziwikanso zoyera. Nthenga zatsopano, ana azaka zoyambira zoyamba ndi mbalame zakale zimapangidwa mofananamo, zonse zimakhala zokhazokha komanso zowala kuposa nthawi yakusamba. Mbali yakumtunda yam'madzi mu mbalame ndi maolivi opepuka kapena maolivi, omwe amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yosalala. Mphepete mwa mutu, tsekwe, chifuwa, matumbo am'mimba ndi nsonga za mapiko okhala ndi chikwangwani chofutira champhamvu zosiyanasiyana.
Zovala zamtoto wachinyamata zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nsonga zakuda zakuda kwambiri, ndizofala kwambiri m'dera lumbar ndi suphicle, komanso zochuluka zazing'ono zazing'ono kumunsi kwa thupi. Amasiyana ndi mitengo ya m'nkhalango yomwe imakhala yochepa thupi komanso mchira wautali komanso nthenga zoyera kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi skate yowona, mafunde amawoneka bwino kumbuyo, mawonekedwe a nsidze samawonetsedwa bwino, palibe mtundu wowoneka wobiriwira wa azitona kumtunda wakuthupi. Amasiyana ndi chingwe chopingasa ndi chowongolera komanso chowoneka bwino kwambiri pamtunda, chotetemera chambiri, chowombera komanso chofupikitsa cha chala chakumbuyo, mulomo wokulirapo, komanso kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kwa mawu ofunikira pachifuwa okhala ndi zopendekera zazing'onoting'ono mbali zam'mimba.
Voterani. Kuitana "tit tit», «psiit psiit"kapena"chit". Imayimba kuthawa kapena kukhala pamtengo. Kuuluka kwawo komwe kumakhala ndi nyimbo yolira kumayamba ndikutenga kuchokera pachikondwerero (chitsamba kapena kumtunda kwa mtengo) kukwera phompho. Kenako yamphongo imatsika ndi mapiko otambasulira nyimbo yomwe yatha "tsia-tsia-tsia».
Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Malo okongoletsa malo okhalapo amayenda ku Eurasia kuchokera kumadzulo kwambiri kupita kumadera akumwera a Yakutia. Kummwera kumafalikira ku Mediterranean, kumpoto kwa Turkey, Transcaucasia, kumpoto kwa Iran, Tien Shan, Western Himalayas ndi kumpoto kwa Mongolia. Imakhala makamaka m'malo a nkhalango, nkhalango zotsalira ndi mapiri. Nyengo makamaka ku Africa ndi India. Pafupipafupi, m'malo ambiri osungirako nyama zosamukira, zimakhala ponseponse. M'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda ya Caucasus m'zaka zaposachedwa idawonedwanso nthawi yozizira.
Moyo. Kufika mu theka loyambirira la Epulo. Mumakhala m'mbali mwa nkhalango, madzi akuchuluka ndi kugwa. Mosiyana ndi masiketi ena, amawononga nthawi yambiri pamitengo. Makani awiriawiri, koma nthawi zina amakhala ndi kachulukidwe kwambiri. Chidacho chimapezeka pansi, m'malo otseguka pakati pa udzu, nthawi zambiri pamtunda wa mitengo ndi zitsamba. Chisa chimamangidwa kuchokera ku udzu wouma, mizu yamahatchi ndi mbewa. Mu clutch nthawi zambiri mazira 4-6. Mtundu wa mazirawo ndi wosiyanasiyana kwambiri, kuyambira yoyera ndi kuwala kowoneka bwino komanso timadontho tochepa, tofiirira, tofiirira kapena imvi. mitundu. Anapiyewo amakutidwa ndi thukuta lalitali laimvi, mkamwa mwake ndi lalanje kapena ofiira, milomo ndi yachikasu.
Amadyetsa makamaka ndi tizilombo, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mbewu zomwe zimasonkhanitsa pansi. Mu nthawi yophukira, imazimiririka kumalo osungirako zinyama mu Seputembala, osachedwa kuchedwa mpaka October. Ntchentche zazing'onoting'ono kapena zochepa.
Hatchi yodutsa
(Anthus pratensis). Dongosolo ndi mpheta, ngolo zapabanja. Kukhazikika kwa mbalamezi ndi ku Europe. Kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 16. Kulemera 17 magalamu.
Mbalameyi ndi ukulu wa mpheta, koma yocheperako, yotuwa komanso yoluka, kuuluka kwake sikosiyana, liwu ndi lachifundo "it-it-it". Pali mbalame zomwe zimapezeka m'malo otentha kwambiri, m'madzi otentha komanso kuwotcha nkhalango, komwe zimapereka maulendo awo ndikuuluka ndi ndege zomwe zikuyimba.
Wamphongo wamtunduwu akuchokapo, ndikufotokozera phokoso ndikuimba nyimbo yake mlengalenga, kubwerera kumalo ake akale.
Skates adakwanitsa kudziwa madera onse otentha komanso ozizira a Europe, Asia, North Africa ndi America. Phiri lamapiri limapezekanso pamtunda wopitilira mamitala 3,000 pamwamba pa nyanja. M'nyengo yozizira, masiketi oundana amawuluka kumadera otentha a Kumwera kwa Europe, Southeast Asia ndi North Africa. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimangokhala pansi, mwachangu komanso mopanda kuthamanga zimayenda pansi panthaka kapena pakati pa udzu, zimasaka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadya. Namsongole zimakonzedweranso pansi, kumachichotsa pamiyendo ya udzu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira zachilengedwe izi. Masonry amakhala ndi mazira otuwa amtundu wa 4-6 kapena amtundu wobiriwira okhala ndi kukula kwa 18.42 ndi 14.49 mm, ophatikizidwa ndi mizere yakuda, nthawi zina pamakhala masonry awiri pachaka. Zikazi zimasenda kwa masiku 13, anapiyewo amachoka chisa, osadziwa kuuluka. Tizilombo tambiri timakhazikika pakudya '- kafadala, ntchentche, ntchentche zam'madzi, komanso udzudzu wautali. Makolo onse awiriwa amadyetsa anapiye, ndikupanga mazana angapo amatsenga patsiku.
Steppe
Hatchi yayikulu kwambiri ku Europe ndi yotalika masentimita 21. Kumbuyo kwa kakhwerero kotsika ndi kofiirira, komwe kumakhala timizere tating'ono. Khosi ndi mbali zake ndi zotsika mtengo kapena zofiirira. Zosangalatsa zakuda zimawonekera pakhosi. Mimba ndi yoyera. Poyerekeza ndi skates zina, imawoneka yayitali komanso yokhala ndi miyendo. Nyengo ku Asia, zikuwuluka kumadera otentha komanso otentha a bara. Komabe, gawo laling'ono la anthu limawulukira kumadzulo, mpaka kumadzulo ndi Central Europe. Chomwe chimasunthidwa mwachilendo ichi ndichimodzi mwazinsinsi za ornithology.
Ku Russia, gulu la mapiriwo limadutsa kumwera kwa Siberia kum'mawa kukafika ku Pacific Ocean. Kavalo wopondera amapezeka m'chigawo cha East Asia. Chimbudzi chimakumbidwa pansi, pomwe pamabowo mazira anayi kapena asanu.
Akavalo owaza
Hatchi yotuwa imafanana ndi kavalo wamtchire, koma imasiyana ndi mtundu wa maula. Utoto wa kumbuyo nthawi zambiri umakhala wonyezimira; Mizere yakuda pachifuwa ndi m'mbali. Amasiyana ndi ma skates a skirti ndi masiketi aku Siberiya okhala ndi bulangeti lalifupi la chala chakumbuyo. Zakudya ndizosiyanasiyana - zimaphatikizapo tizilombo, udzu, mbewu. M'nyengo yamasika ndi chilimwe, masiketi okhala ndi matalala amapezeka m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino komanso zamapiri, ndipo amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Amatha kuwoneka m'malo osisima komanso m'phiri la tundra. Kukazizira nyengo yachisanu, skates izi zimawulukira kumwera-kumadzulo kwa Japan, kupita ku India ndi Ceylon. Pakadali pano pachaka amatha kuwonedwa ku Myanmar, kumwera kwa China ndi Indochina. Nyimboyi imafanana ndi ya kavalo wakuthengo, koma imamveka kwambiri.
Ku Russia, magawo amayambira ku Pechora ndi Tomsk kummawa mpaka ku zilumba za Kuril ndi Commander Islands. Nest - dzenje pansi pansi pa chivundikiro cha udzu ndi miyala, mu clutch kuchokera 3 mpaka 5 mazira a bulauni.