Masiku angapo apitawo, Himalayan chimbalangondo Potapych ndi mlongo wake yekha, dzina lake Masha, amakhala mu khola mkati mwa taiga. Komabe, tsopano Clubfoot adalembetsa mu nyumba wamba mumzinda. Mwana wamwamuna wokhala ndi mwezi umodzi ndi theka adasungidwa ndi mtsogoleri wodziwika wa ufulu wa nyama Natalya Kovalenko ku Khabarovsk. Anthu osadziwika anasiya bokosilo ndi ana ali pakhomo laofesi ya bungwe loyang'anira ufulu wachibadwidwe.
Natalia amadyetsa omwe anayambitsa mkaka wa ng'ombe wonenepa uja kuchokera m'sitolo. Chilimbikitso cha ana amadzuka katatu pa tsiku. A Himalaya akuyamba kulimba tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo akuyesera kale kuyendetsa pawokha. Posakhalitsa, "amayi awo owalera" adaphunzira kuphunzira chilankhulo chapadera cha bearish.
Akatswiri omwe adaphunzira za mbiri ya Potapych ndi Masha sakayikira: adawombera ozizira. Mapeto ake, nyama izi zidachotsedwa mu Red Book of Russia. Zimbalangondo zachikulire zimachotsedwa, ndipo ana amasiye, monga lamulo, amathera kumalo osungira nyama kapena kumalo ozungulira.
Kubwezeretsa ana amoyo kuthengo, pulogalamu yothandizira ndikofunikira. Posachedwa, ntchitoyi idachitika ndi asayansi ochokera ku Far Eastern Branch ya Russian Academy of Science. Anawo amatengedwera kumalo a nkhalango kutali ndi midzi, momwe amayang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri odziwa zachilengedwe, nyama zimakula ndikukula m'malo awo okhala zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, anthu oposa Himalaya khumi ndi awiri adatha kukonzekera kukhala ndi moyo wodziimira payekha. Komabe, kuyesa kopambana pa izi kunatha - lingaliro lopanga malo okonzanso anamira mu tepi yofiira.
Sergey Kolchin, Wofufuza ku Institute of Ecologicalabvuto, Far Eastern Branch ya Russian Academy of Science: omwe angapulumutsidwe ndikuyenera kupulumutsidwa, kubwezeretsedwa ku chilengedwe, tsopano awomboledwa. Palibe malo pomwe ana ang'ono angakonzedwenso. ”
Tsoka la ana, omwe adathawira kwa Natya Kovalenko, ndi lingaliro lakutsogolo - adazolowera kale anthu ndipo adzakhala mu ukapolo. Adagwirizana kuti atenge Potapych ndi Masha kumalo okhalako kwatsopano ndi malo okhazikika mokhazikika mu thumba lachifundo la ku Moscow lothandizira nyama. Komabe, chiyembekezochi chinakayikiridwa.
Sizoletsedwa kunyamula nyama zakutchire m'khonde. Malinga ndi malamulowo, ayenera kupita nawo kumalo opakira katundu. Komabe, a Natya satsimikiza kuti ana ang'ono angadzapulumuke atapita ku Moscow popanda kuyang'aniridwa moyenera. Woyesererayo adayesera kale kuphatikiza opeza ku malo amodzi a Far Eastern zoo, koma mpaka pano osachita bwino - zimbalangondo za Himalayan, monga momwe Natalya anafotokozera, tsopano ndi malo athunthu.
Himalayan Chimbalangondo
Pempho likuti zaka zingapo zapitazi, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ku Far East kwapangitsa kuchepa kwa malo okhala zimbalangondo komanso kuchepa kwa chakudya. Elena Khmeleva adayika zithunzi zomwe zikuwonetsa zimbalangondo zamtundu wa Himalayan.
Malinga ndi wochita zachiwonetserozi, chifukwa cha njala mu 2015-2016, 20% ya zimbalangondo zamwalira. Anthu omwe ali ndi njala amapita kumadera komwe adaphedwa. Komabe, olembetsawo akuti, mwalamulo kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo mu Khabarovsk Territory kwachuluka ndi 100%.
Khmeleva akuti alenje akumaloko amagwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya ma navigator okhala ndi zibowo zazikulu momwe zimbalangondo zimatha kukhalako nthawi yozizira. Nthawi yachisanu, amasanthula mitengo. Ngati apeza chimbalangondo, amapha ndi kuwombera mdzenje, kenako amadula thupilo limodzi ndi mtengo.
Pempho likuti kusaka zimbalangondo pofuna kusangalala kapena kuchita zifanizo kumakonzedwa ndi akuluakulu komanso "anthu olemera omwe akufuna kusangalala." Mtengo waulendo woterewu kwa masiku atatu ndi pafupifupi ma euro 6,000. Monga tawonetsera pempholi, sikuti nzika za ku Russia zokha, komanso asodzi olemera ochokera ku USA ndi mayiko a EU omwe amachita nawo usodzi wotere. Izi ndichifukwa choti kusaka chimbalangondo cha Himalayan ndizoletsedwa m'maiko ambiri kupatula Russian Federation ndi Japan. Sizovomerezeka kusaka nyama zimbalangondo, koma masamba ambiri amapereka ntchito zotere, pempholi likuti.
Chimbalangondo cha brown
Pempho likuti chimbalangondo cha bulauni ndi malo osakira, ngakhale kuti zalembedwa m'mabuku ofiira a madera ena a Russia. Alenje amapita ku chimbalangondo kukatsimikizira momwe akusakira m'deralo ndi zikho zina. Mpaka anthu 20,000 amaphedwa pachaka. Quotas yonyamula zimbalangondo ikukula chaka chilichonse.
Ozunza amapha zimbalangondo kuti agulitse bile ndi mabala a ndulu, kufunikira kwake m'misika yakuda ndikuyerekeza 35 rub,000 rubles. Ndizilombo, zikhadabo, ndi zikopa za chimbalangondo zimagulitsidwanso mosiyana. Nthawi zambiri, amagulitsidwa kunja, chifukwa ku Russia izi mitengo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito mu chakudya kapena mankhwala azikhalidwe. Pamene mbali zina za nyamazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ku Asia, machiritso amadziwika kuti ndi omwe amapezeka. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwazinthuzi m'malo osiyanasiyana omwe amapereka ntchito zotsutsana ndi ukalamba ndizodziwika kwambiri.
Amanyamula China
Pempholi likuti kufalikira kwakukulu kwambiri kumapita ku China. Ziphuphu za zimbalangondo, zomwe zimatengedwa kuti ndizakudya zabwino ku China, zimaperekedwa kumeneko, bile imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Nyuzipepala ya Argumenty i Fakty inachita kafukufuku wofalitsa dziko la China. Apolisi ku Hong Kong adauza atolankhani kuti "tiana ta Amur tiger, bere bile, musk musk deer ndi achule a mitengo" adachokera ku Russia kupita ku China.
Malinga ndi kufalitsa "Free Press" pachaka azaka zakubadwa amachititsa kuti zachilengedwe ziziwonongeka. Zinthu zambiri zophatikizidwa ndi nyama ndi zomera zomwe zatsala pang'ono kulowa. Malinga ndi katswiri wa WWF Alexei Vaysman
"Tsopano pafupifupi 90% ya omwe amasaka mderali kuchotsera malonda a ginseng, chimbalangondo, zimbalangondo ndi zina. Ndipo kusayenderana kwa nyumba zamalamulo zomwe zachitika masiku ano zidapangitsa kuti anthu azikhalidwe komanso olamulira zachilengedwe azikhala opanda mphamvu chifukwa chokakamizidwa ndi malonda osaloledwa. "
Pempho likuti zimbalangondo zamoyo za mibadwo yosiyanasiyana zimatumizidwa ku China. Ku China, minda yopangira bere bile ndi yofala. Kuti izi zitheke, nyama zimayikidwa mumakhola ang'onoang'ono omwe amawalepheretsa kuyenda. Chubu imayikidwa mu chimbalangondo, pomwe nduluyo imatulutsidwa. Nthawi zambiri, zimbalangondo zomwe zimafikira pafamupo zimakhala kumeneko osapitilira zaka 5 (komabe, nthawi zina zimakhala zaka 20), kenako zimaphedwa ndikugulitsa zigawo (khungu, matako, chikhodzodzo). Izi ndichifukwa choti popanga nyama amakhala ndi matenda opatsirana, minofu atrophy, khansa ya chiwindi ndi matenda ena omwe sawalola kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la bile.
Kuphatikiza apo, zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti chithandizo ndi bile sichikhala ndi zotsatira zachipatala.
M'mapempho opita kwa Purezidenti Vladimir Putin, wolemba akufuna kuti nyama zilembedwe mu Red Book of the Russian Federation, kuti malo okhala nyama azikhala ndi malo otetezedwa, kuletsa kusaka nyama, kuzindikira zabwino zamalonda pakuwombera ndi kuwononga ziwopsezo, kumangitsa zilango, kulanda katundu, ndi kuthandizidwa kuchokera ku bajeti. ndalama zoteteza zimbalangondo ndikulimbikitsa kuwongolera malire a China. Panthawi yolemba, pempholi lidathandizidwa ndi anthu pafupifupi 250,000.
Atolankhani ambiri ku Russia adafufuza uku ndikulowetsa zimbalangondo ndi agalu ku China. Nthawi ndi nthawi, ogwira ntchito pamilandu amafotokoza za kumangidwa kwa ozunza ndi kupha nyama kapena kuwachotsa. Nthawi yomweyo, kunalibe ndemanga kuchokera kwa atsogoleri apamwamba mdziko muno pankhaniyi.