Dzina lachi Latin: | Ciconia nigra |
Gulu: | Zojambula |
Banja: | Chumba |
Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Chimawoneka ngati mbere yoyera kukula, koma chifukwa cha mtundu wakuda ndi khosi loonda kwambiri imawoneka yopepuka komanso yowoneka bwino. Kuuluka mwachangu komanso kugwedezeka, mapikowo ndi ofanana ndi mapiko a dokowe loyera komanso okhala ndi "zala" patali, kuthawa ndikosavuta kuposa kuthawa kwa mitundu yomwe tafotokozayi. Ndiwabwino, koma nthawi zambiri imachedwa, kuyenda pansi, komanso m'malo osasefukira madzi m'madambo, ndi kunja kwa matupi a madzi. Nthawi zambiri kuposa mbawala yoyera, imatha kuwonekera kumtunda ndipo, chifukwa cha mtundu wake wakuda, imakhala ngati nyama yolusa. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 105 cm, mapiko mpaka 2 m, kulemera mpaka 3 kg. Wochenjera kwambiri kuposa dokowe woyera, samakonda kugwira, chifukwa amakhala m'malo otentha kwambiri m'nkhalangoyi nthawi ya chisa.
Kufotokozera. Mbalame yocheperako yokhala ndi miyendo yayitali, yopyapyala yofiirira yofiirira, mlomo wake ndi wowongoka, wowongoka, wowongoka m'mwamba (mosiyana ndi dokowe loyera), imangokhala yofiyira ngati mphete la khungu lopanda kanthu kuzungulira diso lakuda. Tsamba loyera, nthenga zazitali m'munsi mwa khosi ndizikhalidwe. Zowonjezerazo ndizosiyanitsa, zakuda ndi zoyera, zokhala ndi maonekedwe akuda, zoyera ndizokhazo zomwe zimakhala pansi kuchokera pachikhatho cha khosi mpaka mchira, komanso magawo ang'onoang'ono kuyambira pansi pamunsi pamapiko. Mchira, mapiko, thupi lakumaso, khosi ndi mutu ndi zakuda bii, ndizomata zachitsulo pakati pa mbalame zachikulire komanso zofiirira zofiirira, zopanda zingwe zachitsulo komanso zokhala ndi nthenga zopepuka zazing'ono.
Mbalame zazing'ono zimadziwikanso ndi mtundu wobiriwira wamtundu wamtundu wopanda thupi - miyendo, mulomo, tanga ndi mphete kuzungulira diso. Pamwamba pa mapiko ndi kumbuyo kwa mbalame youluka pansi pazowunikira zina zitha kuwoneka zoyera, koma osapanga gawo lowala, lofanana ndi dokowe loyera.
Voterani. Mosiyana ndi nguluwe yoyera, imakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya mawu omveka bwino akakhala ngati akupindika "shi luu, shi luu", Nyimbo zazitali zazing'ono zobiriwira, zofananira ndi kulira kwa buzzard, ndi mawu ena angapo obukha. Osamenyedwa kangapo.
Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Malo ochulukirapo kudutsa kudera lakutali kuyambira ku Central Europe ndi Peninsula ya Balkan kupita ku Pacific Ocean, malo okhala malo okhala ali ku Peninsula ya Iberia (mbalame zikhazikika pano), ku France, Western Asia, Caucasus, Central Asia ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa. Nyengo ku Africa ndi South Asia. Pali mbalame zosowa kapena zachilendo kulikonse, kuphatikiza ku Europe ku Russia, kumene malo osungirako, kuwonjezera pa Caucasus, akuphatikiza madera kuyambira kumwera kwa taiga kupita kumapiri. Kumadzulo kwa dera lino m'zaka zaposachedwa kwakhala kololera kwambiri kupezeka kwa anthu, kupezeka kwambiri m'malo otetezedwa a anthropogenic. Kutentha kumawonekera pakatikati pa Russia mu Marichi kapena Epulo, kumawulukira mu August kapena Seputembala. Zambiri-zowuluka zouluka sizachidziwikire.
Moyo. Mbalameyi nthawi zambiri imakhala nkhalango, kuphatikiza mapiri, zisa kumadera akutali okhala ndi zithaphwi, njira yolowera mitsinje, nyanja ndi akulu. Amagwiritsa ntchito zisa zazikulu kuchokera kunthambi kwa zaka zingapo ndipo nthawi zambiri akamaliza, amakhala pamitengo yayikulu, nthawi zambiri yowuma malo osavomerezeka, nthawi zina pamiyala kapena pamtunda zazing'ono. Makolonu sapanga. Yaimuna imauza mkaziyo ku chisa, ndikukutenga ndikuyimba mluzu.
Mu clutch 4-5 matte-oyera mazira akuluakulu. Onsewa amalowa momasuka kwa miyezi 1 mpaka 1.5. Anapiye obadwa kumene amakhala akhungu, atavala zoyera kapena amaso kutuluka, mulomo wake ndi wachikaso, khungu loyang'ana maso limdima, miyendo ndi yofiirira, chisa chimachoka pakatha miyezi iwiri kapena iwiri. khalani mwamtendere mu chisa, mutamveka mawu osokosera osiyanasiyana. Amayamba kubereka ali ndi zaka zitatu.
Amadyanso ma invertebrates am'madzi ndi madzi am'madzi ndi nyama zazing'ono zazikazi, nthawi zambiri amazipeza ndi madzi.
Dera
Mbawala zakuda zimakhazikika m'gawo losangalatsa. Amakhala ku Eurasia, m'nkhalango komanso kumapiri. Ku Russia, mbalameyi imapezeka pafupifupi konsekonse mdziko: Baltic States, Urals, Southern Siberia, ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu amakhala ku Primorye. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha agulu ku Europe ndi cholembedwa ku Belarus.
Mbalame zanyengo yozizira zimakonda m'maiko aku Asia: Pakistan, India, China. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu lalikulu la agulu akuda amakhazikika kum'mwera kwa Africa.
Ngakhale zilipo zochulukirapo, kuchuluka kwa agulu akuda akucheperachepera. Amalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira la mayiko ambiri a ku Europe, kuphatikizapo Russia. Pali mapangano angapo apadziko lonse omwe amayang'anira zoyesayesa za mayiko kuti ateteze mbalame.
Mawonekedwe
Mu chizindikirochi, maudzu akuda ali ofanana ndi oyera. Imafika pamtunda wa mita imodzi, kulemera kwake pafupifupi makilogalamu atatu, ndipo mapiko amtunduwu ndi wofanana kapena wamkulu kuposa mamita awiri.
Ambiri mwa matupi a mbalamezi amakhala akuda, omwe amaponyedwa padzuwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana - zobiriwira, zofiirira, zamkuwa, ndi zina zambiri. Mimba yake ndi yoyera, ndipo mulomo ndi malo opanda nthenga kuzungulira maso ndi ofiira.
Palibe kusiyana maonekedwe pakati pa akazi ndi amuna a chinzonono.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Zakudya zamtundu wakuda zimachokera ku nsomba, komanso nyama zapamadzi zam'madzi. Nthawi zambiri, achule amadya achule, njoka, ndi timiyendo tating'ono. Malo odyetserako ndi madzi osaya, zithaphwi ndi matanthwe amadzi.
Malo odyetserako kachilombo kamodzi ndimakakulidwe ake - mkati mwa makilomita 15 kuchokera pomwe panali chisa.
Kuswana
Ana agulugufewa amakhala amwano ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala awiriawiri moyo wonse. Malo omwe amakonda chisa ndi nthambi zakale, kutalika kwake osachepera 10 metres. Chisa chimakhala ndi matabwa akuluakulu, omwe amamangiriridwa pamodzi ndi "guluu wachilengedwe" - turf ndi dongo, amafikira kukula kwakukulu - mpaka 1.5 metres. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti awiriwiri akhungu agwiritsa ntchito chisa chimodzi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Nyengo yakukhwima imayamba mu Marichi-Epulo, yamphongo ndiyo yoyamba kukhala chisa ndikuyitanira njirayo. Ataponya mitu yawo kumbuyo kwawo, amatsegula zofunikira zawo pamchira pawo ndikupanga mawu owuluza mokweza.
Nyengo, nkhumba zakuda zimayikira mazira awiri mpaka asanu, ndikupanga kwa masiku atatu. Kukumana ndi mazira kumatha mwezi umodzi mpaka mwezi umodzi ndi theka, ndipo yamphongo imatenga nawo mbali motere ndi yaikazi.
Nthochi zomwe zangometa mazira ndi zoyera kapena zoyera. Masabata angapo oyambilira amagona pansi pa chisa, ndipo pofika masiku 35 mpaka 40 amayamba kudzuka. Amadyetsa zakudya zomwe makolo awo amadana nazo. Nthawi yakudyetsa ndi masiku 60-70.
Mbawala zakuda zimatha kubereka ana mwa zaka zitatu.
Mutithandiza kwambiri, ngati mumagawana nkhani pagawo lapaintaneti komanso ngati. Zikomo chifukwa cha izo.
Tumizani ku njira yathu.
Werengani nkhani zina zambiri pa bird House.