ZITHUNZI ZAKULU LAKUKULU KWA AFRAN * Ziweto

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Ma cichlids a Nyanja ya Malawi ndi Tanganyika akhala akukondedwa ndi asitikali am'madzi chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtundu wawo komanso mawonekedwe ake osangalatsa. Ma cichlids aku Malawi ndi Tankanyika amaberekanso mosavuta ndipo safunika kupaka jakisoni. Akazi achikazi a ku Malawi a ma cichlids amanyamula mazira mkamwa.

Kufunafuna kwa nsomba zam'madzi zoyera kumapitilira, koma nthawi ino osati m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje, koma ku Great Lakes of Africa - Tanganyika ndi Nyasa (dzina lamakono la ozyoa Nyasa ndi Malawi).

Chithunzi pseudotrophyus zebra

Nsomba zimapezeka kuzama konse, koma kwa ma aquariums zimagwidwa mozama mpaka 15 m, makamaka pafupi ndi miyala yamiyala yomwe ili pakati pa miyala (yakuzama-nyanja komanso ikukhala m'madzi otseguka nsomba nthawi zambiri sizikhala zokongola kwambiri). Zilumbazi zimasiyanitsidwa wina ndi mzake ndi madzi akulu, ndipo okhalamo sayimba mtima kuwoloka. Chifukwa chake, chilumba chilichonse chili ndi mtundu wake wapadera wa ichthyofauna wokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto wa nsomba. Mwachitsanzo, pseudotrophyus zebra ali ndi mitundu inayi ya utoto - wamtambo, wachikaso, wabuluu, ndi utoto (posachedwa mawonekedwe a albino awonekera m'mizinda).

Amadya mopitilira muyeso. Maziko a chakudya chawo ndi algae, omwe amaphimbidwa ndi miyala yam pansi pa madzi.
Kusodza kunyanja Malawi ndi Tanganyika kuli ndi zoopsa zambiri, chifukwa mamba ndi mbewa zimapezeka mwa iwo, nsomba zazikuluzikulu zamoto zimapezeka. Panali pomwe m'modzi mwa wogwirira adalumidwa ndi cobra wobisala, wokhoza kuwukira m'madzi. Ogwira ntchito m'madzi ayenera kuthokoza kwa a Pierre Brihard ndi omwe akukwatirana a Peter ndi a Henny Davis, omwe nthawi zonse amangogwira ndikutumiza nsomba kumadera onse padziko lapansi. Brihard amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha kuti akole. Chipangizo chosavuta chimakhala ndi bubul ya vinyl ndi chubu. Wakubayo amaba jekeseni wina wamapiritsi ogona - ndi nsomba yomwe yogona posakhalitsa itulukamo.

Zambiri pazam'madzi izi zimadzilankhulira zokha. .

Nyanja Malawi	ooh. Tanganyika
Dera, km 2	30600	34000
Kuzama, m	740	1500
Momwe madzi amathandizira (pH)	7,7−8,6	8,6−9,2
Chiwerengero cha mitundu yomwe imakhala munyanjayi	417	217
kuphatikizapo cichlid	375	150

Kuwona momwe ma cichlids amadzi a Malawi ndi Tanganyika, zikuwoneka kuti nsomba izi zidapangidwa kuti zizisungidwa m'madzi am'madzi. Amakongoletsa, amasinthasintha mwachangu ku magawo atsopano, osagwirizana ndi matenda, osakhudzidwa ndi chakudya, safuna kutentha kwambiri, kubereka munthawi yomwe ili. Koma muyenera kudziwa kuti nsomba sizilekerera madzi ofewa komanso acidic reaction. Madzi okhala ndi kutentha kwa 10 mpaka 20 ° pa pH ya 7 mpaka 8.5, dziwe lalikulu lomwe lili ndi malo ambiri osungira komanso kutentha kwa 25 ° ndi malo abwino kwa nsomba.

Mukamasunga ma cichlids, chidwi chake chimayenera kulipira mbali zamtunduwu, chifukwa ambiri a iwo ndiofunikira.

Nthawi zambiri pakati pa amuna amtundu womwewo mikangano imabuka. Amuna a mitundu yosiyanasiyana amakhala mwamtendere komanso mogwirizana.

Mowonjezereka, munthu amamva lingaliro kuti ma cichlids ochokera kunyanja za Malawi ndi Tanganyika, monga ma cichlids wamba otentha, ayenera kusungidwa mu malo apamwamba am'madzi, ndipo malo osungirako sayenera kuyikidwa pansi, koma mawonekedwe a piramidi kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba. Ndi zokongoletsera izi, nsomba zimakhala zodontha popanda kuyambira kutali ndi malo ake.

Kubwezeretsa macichlids a Malawi ndi Tanganyika

Zachikazi zamtundu wina zimakhala ndi mazira ndi mwachangu mkamwa, pomwe zina zimayikira mazira pobisalira. Ngati poyambapo ndikosavuta kuzindikira kuti nkhuku imayamba kupuma ndi momwe mayiyo amayesera kupuma ndikusaka mazira "otaya", ndiye kwachiwiri munthu atha kuphunzira za kutulutsa pokhapokha chifukwa cha chisangalalo cha awiriwo kapena pamene mwachangu awoneka pamiyala. Opanga samayimira caviar, amakulitsa zipsepse zake, monga timazolowera kuona pakati pa ma cichlids, koma amateteza kokha ku ngozi yomwe ingakhalepo, mopanda kuphwanya chilichonse chomwe chingawonekere kukayikira.

Photo Lake Malawi

Nthawi yama mazira mu ma cichlids a Nyanja ya Malawi, yonyamula pakamwa, ndiyambira masiku 18 mpaka 45. Womasulidwa 10-12 mm mwachangu amatha kudya crustaceans ang'ono. Patatha masiku 15 atatalika, njirayi imagwidwa ndikuziika munyumba ina yamadzi yokwana malita 50 yokhala ndi madzi ochepa otsitsidwa ndi madzi wamba, ndikupeza mphamvu yochuluka ndi mpweya. Zachikazi sizimadya nthawi yamakulidwe. Kubala bwino kumadalira kwathunthu kwa mkazi, yemwe, mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri amadya caviar. Tsopano asitikali am'madzi aku Moscow apanga njira yopangira ma cichlids: mazira amatengedwa kwa mkazi kumayambiriro kwa kukula. Ndi ntchito yosavuta iyi, kuswana kumakhala koyenera.

Fryu, yemwe kukula kwake kumachitika pobisalira, ndiocheperako, koma ndizolakalaka zachilengedwe za mlenje. Amangokhalira kuwazunza, ngakhale kuwachulukitsa.

Zambiri

Ma acichlids aku Africa akhoza kutchedwa nsomba yokongola kwambiri yamadzi oyera. Palibe gulu limodzi lomwe limakhala ndi mitundu yotere. Kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi kumapezeka makamaka mu Nyanja Zambiri za ku Africa - Malawi (Nyasa) ndi Tanganyika. Nyanja zakale kwambiri zamtunduwu zamakono zakhala zenizeni. Kudzilekanitsidwa patokha komanso malo okhala apadera kunadzetsa kuti kuchokera ku mitundu ingapo yoyambirira tinalandira magulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Mawonekedwe

M'mawonekedwe, ma cichlids aku Africa ndi osiyana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi thupi lalitali, loyenda. Minyezi ya anal ndi dorsal imapangidwa bwino, amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala yayitali. Mwa mitundu ina (mwachitsanzo, frontosis), kupezeka kwa mutu pamakhala khalidwe.

Kupaka utoto m'mitundu yambiri kumawoneka bwino komanso kosangalatsa. Izi zimathandizira kuti ma cichlids aku Africa azindikire achibale awo kuchokera kutali. Choyamba, chifukwa cha zokongoletsera zapamwamba za ma cichlids aku Africa, amayamikiridwa ndi asitikali padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yazachilengedwe, obereketsa adapeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imapezeka mu aquarium.

Haplochromis chimanga. Mawonekedwe

Habitat

Mitundu yambiri ya ma cichlids ku Africa imakhala mbali yakum'mawa kwa Africa. Makamaka zopezeka mosiyanasiyana zimapezeka ku Nyanja Zapamwamba za ku Africa - Malawi (Nyasa), Tanganyika, Victoria ndi zina. Mitundu yambiri iliko ndipo sikhala kumadera ena padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu ya nyanja, mitundu yamtsinje imapezekanso. Amakhulupirira kuti ma cichlids aku Africa amachokera ku nsomba zam'madzi zosamukasamuka, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa mosadziwika ndi kuthekera kwa mitundu ina kulolera mchere wowonjezereka.

Madzi a pansi pa Nyanja ya Malawi

Aulonokara

Aulonocara (Aulonocara), kapena African Akar - endfall to Lake Malawi (Nyasa). Mumakonda mabanki amchenga.

Thupi limakhala lokwera, mutu umakhala waukulu, dorsal fin ndi yayitali. Zomwe zimapezeka pamutu zimakhala pamutu, zomwe zimawasiyanitsa ndi ma cichlids ena. Mwina ichi ndiye chida chomverera. Achichepere ndi akazi achimuna a Malawi awa ali ndi utoto wambiri: thupi laimvi lokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi mawanga. Komabe, abambo omwe akukulawo amasintha mtundu wawo kukhala wabuluu kapena wabuluu ndi utoto wachitsulo. Zipsepsezo ndi zamtambo, zachikaso kapena zamtambo. Pamalo ochepera, mawonekedwe a lalanje kapena achikasu amatha kupezeka. Kwa nsomba zowala bwino m'maiko olankhula Chingerezi zimadziwika kuti "peacock cichlid." Kukula kwa cichlid waku Malawi kuno mu aquarium ndi masentimita 8 mpaka 20. Malo akulu okhala ndi malita 80 pa banja aliwonse amafunikira kuti awongolere.

Maziko a chakudya ndi nyama. Akasaka nyama, nthawi zina nsomba imazizira popanda kusunthira pamchenga, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi mabowo othandiza amakoka kuyenda kosasunthika pansi, kenako amathamangira nyama.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya ma cichlids a ku Malawi omwe amasungidwa m'madzimo ndi Queen Nyasa, Aulonokara violet ndi Aulonkara Mailanda.

M'mikhalidwe yoyenera, aulonocars amakhala mu aquarium kwa zaka 8.

Pseudotrophy

Pseudotrophies, ngati aulonocars, amangopezeka mu Nyanja ya Malawi. Amakhala pakati pamiyala, miyala ndi matanthwe. Ndi a gulu la "Mbuna", omwe amatanthauzira kuti "akukhala m'miyala."

Mu aquarium, nthawi zambiri amakula masentimita 106. Mtundu wa anthu wamba umakhala wamtambo wakuda. Komabe, mu chikhalidwe cha aquarium mutha kupeza mitundu yayikulu. Maziko a chakudyachi ndi algae, omwe nsomba zimakutidwa kuchokera m'miyala mothandizidwa ndi mano apadera a grater. Mukasungidwa mu aquarium, izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Kudyetsa kwakutali nyama pakudya kokha kumayambitsa zovuta za kugaya.

Pokonza, mumasowa ma aquarium kuchokera ku malita 100 pa banja.

Fananizani ndi ma cichlids aku Malawi, omwe amalowetsa caviar pamkamwa. Izi zimathandizira kupulumuka mwachangu kwa mwachangu.

Oimira otchuka: Pseudotrophy pendani (Sokolof), Pseudotrophy paw paw, Pseudotrophy Demasoni.

Pseudotrophy

Melanochromis

Dzinalo limachokera ku Latin "melanochromis", lomwe limatanthawuza "mtundu wakuda." Poterepa, tikulankhula za kuwongolera kwa madera amdima, pafupifupi akuda m'mtundu wa anthu akuluakulu. Nsombazo zilibe mikwingwirima yopingasa, pali mitundu iwiri yokha yopingasa. Mwa amuna okhwima mwakugonana, kutembenukira kwa utoto kumachitika nthawi zambiri - mikwingwirima yakuda imakhala yopepuka komanso mosemphanitsa. Izi zimachitika ali ndi zaka 6-7 miyezi.

Melanochromis makamaka ndi nsomba zodya nyama, zina zimakhala zodetsa nkhawa (chomera chake chimayenera kukhala theka la zakudya).

Kuti tisunge gulu la nsomba, malo okhala pansi pamadzi okwana malita 100 kapena kuposerapo ndikofunikira. Ukukulira kwa Aquarium, ndibwino. Nsomba ndizosamba kwambiri, motero malo ambiri ndizofunikira.

Kulera ndikosavuta, sikufuna kuchitanso kanthu. Caviar imagundidwa pakamwa.

Oyimira otchuka: Melanochromis golide, Melanochromisesiya, Melanochromis chipoka.

Melanochromis

Trophus

Izi nsomba zimakhala mu Nyanja ya Tanganyika. Mtundu wa biotope umatikumbutsa za mtundu wa a Malawi a Mbuna aku Malawi. Mitundu yaing'ono kwambiri, imakhala ndi mitundu 6 yokha. Dzinalo limachokera ku liwu lachi Greek "trophos", lomwe limatanthawuza "phunzitsani" ndikuwonetsa njira yonyamula mwachangu pamkamwa wamkati, wokhala ndi mitundu yonse.

Kwa anthu am'deralo, nsomba zamtunduwu sizili ndi malonda ambiri, koma kukongoletsa kwake kumawoneka bwino kwambiri kwa asodzi am'madzi.

Ma cichlidswa ndi a Tanganyika herbivorous, kamwa limasinthidwa ndikusaka algae pamiyala.

Nsomba ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake mtundu wa aquarium ungakhale njira yabwino yosungira. Kuti ubalitse mkwiyo, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi gulu la anthu khumi ndi atatu, kotero kuchuluka kochepa komwe kumalimbikitsidwa kwa ma cichlids a Tanganyiki ndi malita 300. Ndibwino ngati madziwo ali olimba komanso zamchere, kutentha kuyenera kusungidwa pa 24-26 ° C.

Oyimira Otchuka: Star Trophy, Trophy Moore.

Trophus

Lamprologus

End End ku Nyanja ya Tanganyika. Nsomba sizikhala ndi mtundu wowala, m'malo mwake zowoneka bwino, zamitundu ya pastel. Chidwi pakati pa am'madzi makamaka chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chosangalatsa, njira yachilendo yolerera komanso kusamalira ana. Nsomba ndizosavuta kusamalira ndipo ndizosayenerana ndi mbewu.

Mu aquarium kukula kuchokera 2 mpaka 10 cm.

M'dziko lathu, ma cichlids oseketsa awa Tanganyika amatchedwa "nkhono." Izi ndichifukwa choti moyo wonse wa akatswiri opanga nyali samalumikizidwa ndi chipolopolo chopanda kanthu cha gastropods (ampullaria, nkhono za mphesa, etc.). Sinki imakhala pothaŵirapo ndi malo okhala.

Nsomba zopita kusukulu, zosungidwa bwino kwambiri m'magulu. Kwa ma cichlids awa a Tanganyika, malo am'madzi okwanira 40 malita pamphasa ali oyenera. Dothi ndibwino kusankha mchenga. Ndikofunikira kuyika zipolopolo zopanda kanthu zazing'ono zazikulu zam'madzi, nsomba zomwe zimasankha zoyenera.

Caviar waikidwa mu kumira, ana abisala komweko poyambira zoopsa. Nthawi zambiri, mbadwo wachikulire umakhala ndi makolo awo.

Oimira otchuka: Ophthalmic lamprologus, lamprologus Mkango wozungulira, Simrologis lamprologus.

Lamprologus

Yulidochromis

Anthu achilengedwe a Nyanja ya Tanganyika. Izi nsomba zamtendere zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba amthupi ndi mutu wowongoka. Pansi pakamwa, dorsal fin yaitali komanso lakuthwa. Pathupi pali mawanga, makulidwe amtundu ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe amatha kusiyanasiyana malingana ndi malo omwe amakhala. Ndinapezanso mitundu yambiri yoswana. Ma cichlids a Tanganyika awa ndi phlegmatic kwambiri, amatha kuwuma kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo amodzi, omwe nthawi zambiri amawopseza eni ake, koma simuyenera kuchita mantha ndi izi, machitidwe oterewa amangowonetsa omvera.

Chiyembekezo chokhala m'madzi am'madzi chitha kufika zaka 10-12.

Kulera sikovuta, ndizotheka zonse mu Aquarium komanso pakubzala.

Mitundu yotchuka: Julidochromis Regani, Julidochromis Dickfield, Julidochromis Marfer.

Yulidochromis

Kusamalira ndi kukonza

Ma cichlids ambiri ku Africa ndi akulu kukula, kotero pamafunika malo akuluakulu am'madzi kuti nsomba izi - kuchokera pa malita 100-250 pa sekondi. Nsomba zimakonda madzi oyera, okhala ndi okosijeni, motero ndikofunikira kukonza kusefera kwapamwamba komanso kutulutsa mphamvu. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yoyera ngati dothi. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma cichlids ambiri ku Africa amakonda kukumbira dothi ndipo, mwakusasamala, amatha kumeza mwala wawung'ono. Mukakongoletsa ma aquarium, miyala yachilengedwe nthawi zambiri imatsanzira miyala ya biotope yachilengedwe. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa malo ambiri okhalamo kuti anthu ofooka azibisala pozunzidwa ndi anansi ankhanza kwambiri.

Gulu la abale

Malo okhala nsomba zachilengedwe amakhala m'malo otentha, chifukwa chake ma cichlids aku Africa ndi thermophilic. Kutentha mu aquarium kuyenera kusungidwa mu 24-27 ° C. Magawo a madzi am'madzi amadzanja amasiyana, motero, kuti apange malo abwino, ndikofunikira kudziwa zoyambira zamtundu winawake.

Nyanja ya Malawi: pH = 7.0-8.0, kuuma 10-18 dGH.

Nyanja ya Tanganyika: pH = 8.0-9.0, kuuma 10-25 dGH.

Mukasunga ma cichlids aku Africa, osanyalanyaza kusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse, ayenera kupanga 30% ya kuchuluka kwa aquarium.

Ma cichlids aku Africa sagwirizana bwino ndi zinthu zamoyo. Amangokhalira masamba ndi kufooketsa mizu. Ngati pakufunabe kudzala masamba achilengedwe, ndiye kuti ndibwino kulipira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anubias (mbewu zolimba zomwe zimatha kukula popanda kubzala pansi).

Ma Cichlids amadzi a ku Africa ndi nsomba zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri pakupanga nsomba zam'madzi mwa mtundu wa "pseudo-sea".

Kugwirizana

Ma cichlids amadzi a ku Africa ndi nsomba zam'mwera kwambiri. Mphindi iyi iyenera kukumbukiridwa posankha oyandikana nawo mu aquarium wamba.

Pafupifupi ma cichlids onse a Nyanja ya Malawi amagwirizana.

Choyamba, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa malo am'madzi ndi malo ambiri obisalamo.
Kachiwiri, nsomba zamtundu womwewo zimatha kusungidwa limodzi, chifukwa zitsanzo zazikulu zimakhumudwitsa ana.
Chachitatu, Amalawi ayenera kusungidwa awiriawiri kapena magulu okhala ndi akazi ambiri.
Pomaliza, gulu la ma cichlid siliyenera kusankhidwa kukhala oyandikana ndi nsomba zochokera ku Nyanja ya Tanganyika ndi South America, chifukwa chosungidwa.

Tsoka ilo, ngakhale malamulowa samapereka chitsimikizo cha mitundu 100 ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama, chifukwa nsomba iliyonse ili ndi nzeru komanso mawonekedwe apadera, kotero kulosera za machitidwe ake ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri.

African cichlids aquarium

Ena mwa mabanja ena amathanso kukhala ndi ma cichlids aku Africa mu malo wamba okhala. Mwachitsanzo, alendo ochulukirapo omwe amakhala ndi ma cichlids: ma shark barbs, labeos akuluakulu, catfish yayikulu (pterigoplichitis, synodontis, etc.)

Chifukwa chake, mitundu yaying'ono, komanso shrimp, imatha kukhala chakudya chamoyo cha ma cichlids otchuka.

Chitsanzo cha cichlid wodekha wa ku Africa ndi ndimu ya limu labidochromis (chikasu chachikaso, hummingbird cichlid). Mtundu wokonda zamtenderewu umakhala bwino ndi nsomba zamtundu wapakatikati ndipo umawonetsa kukwiya kwakukulu pokhapokha kumatulutsa.

Kudyetsa

Kudyetsa koyenera kwama cichlids aku Africa kumatengera mitundu yeniyeni.Pakati pagulu losiyanasiyana loterali, mutha kupeza nsomba zonse zomwe zikudya nsomba zina, nkhono ndi mphutsi, komanso zamasamba (Malawi cichlids a gulu la Mbuna). Kukatenga chakudya cha ziweto chofunika, malingana ndi mtundu wa chakudya. Kusankha bwino kwa ma cichlids ndi chakudya chouma kuchokera ku Tetra. Zonsezi ndizokwanira komanso zopatsa, zopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo zimaganizira za thanzi la magulu amodzi a nsomba. Tetra Cichlid chakudya mzere sadzavutika kukatenga zakudya zofunikira kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cichlids African, ngati lilipo zosiyanasiyana: flakes, tchipisi, pellets, timitengo. Makamaka a maicicids a ku Malawi, chakudya chomwe chili ndi zipatso zambiri za spirulina algae - Tetra Malawi - chinapangidwa.

Kuswana

Kubwezeretsanso mitundu yambiri ya ma cichlids a ku Africa mu madzi am'madzi sizovuta. Komanso, mowiriza spawning mu Aquarium ambiri kulenga zinthu omasuka - si zachilendo. Mwina, oyandikana nawo okha mumadzi am'madzi amatha kukumana ndi zovuta, chifukwa nthawi yopanda zipatso ngakhale mitundu yamtendere kwambiri imasanduka zolengedwa zolusa, kuteteza ana awo mwankhanza.

Nthawi zambiri caviar imayikidwa paliponse paphiri: miyala, masamba a chomera, galasi la aquarium. Laprologusy zimaswana nsomba okha zipolopolo yopanda gastropods, kotero kuswana nsomba mu Aquarium adzafunika M'sitolo zipolopolo. Ma cichlids ambiri aku Africa amakhala ndi milomo mkamwa. Apa akupanga chitetezo chokwanira kuchokera kwa adani. Ife nsomba bwino anayamba Mwachibadwa makolo. Pali milandu yodziwika pamene mabanja amaba mazira amitundu yoyandikana ndikuyang'anira.

Tilapia mwachangu

Pambuyo kuoneka Mwachibadwa mwachangu saiwala, ndi kwa kanthawi juveniles kupitiriza chikopa m'kamwa mwa mkazi poyamba chizindikiro cha ngozi.

Ma cichlids ambiri ku Africa amakhala amodzi ndipo amakhala awiriawiri moyo wonse. Mitundu ina (lamprologi) nthawi zambiri imakhala m'magulu. Mzake mwangwiro afika mibadwo yambiri ya nsomba, amene ayamba kulenga mabanja awo ndi kukhazikika kumeneko.

Cannibalism ya mwachangu ndichinthu chofala pakati pa ma cichlids, chifukwa chake, pamene nsomba ikukula, iyenera kulinganizidwa ndi kukula.

Mitundu yama Cichlids:

T r Mukhoza o p choncho H mauthenga u m -. Mtundu wa Aquarium nsomba, amene kukula mu Aquarium kunyumba cm 12-15 dzina mitundu amatanthauza makulitsidwe mazira mkamwa mwake. Trophyus imakhala ndi utoto wowala, thupi limakhala lalitali komanso lokwera. Sikhala othamanga kwambiri ndipo amakhala bwino ndi mitundu ina ya ma cichlids (Malawia ndi nyanja zaku America), siwankhanza. Amakupatsirani inu ndi gulu lanu la m'madzimo chifukwa chakuchepa kwa nsomba zokongola zam'madzi ku Ukraine. Kugonana kwa nsomba kumakhala kovuta kudziwa, kuweruza kokha ndi mtundu wake. Zomera mu Aquarium yokumba adalipo, makamaka pamaso pa miyala, boulders, ndi m'misasa zosiyanasiyana. Mukadyetsa, nsomba sizowoneka bwino - ndizabwino kudya zakudya zam'mera, zimadyetsanso chakudya cham'madzi ndi chisanu, komanso chakudya chouma chokhala ndi "spirulina".

P e t h o r h o m i s - mtundu uwu umatchedwa chifukwa cha malo omwe amakhala m'miyala yamiyala, komanso chifukwa cha mtundu wa thupi. Onse Aquarium nsomba za mitundu yodziwika ndi ofukula banding wa thunthu. Nsomba zamtunduwu m'chilengedwe zimadya makamaka pamiyala ndi mwala. Nsomba zokongola kwambiri komanso zokongola mumadzi ndizosangalatsa muzochita zodyera komanso kuwona mawonekedwe. A pang'ono aukali, koma si choletsa pamene okhutira nsomba mu sukulu ndi cichlids nyanza Tanganyika. Ku Ukraine, ali ndi chidwi chifukwa ndi osowa. Petrochromis, yomwe ilibe zovuta pazinthu, ikuluza ma aquariamu padziko lonse lapansi.

A L T inu L ndi mamita tsa r Mukhoza Inu L O ga u m - dzina la mtundu uwu tichipeza mawu awiri ndi decrypted: «altus» - mkulu, kusonyeza vysokotelost mtundu uwu Aquarium nsomba ndi «lamprologus» - kuonetsera chibwenzi ndi view lamprologus. Nsomba zokongola zam'madzi za banja lonselo. Monga lamulo, amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Kukula kwakutali kwa nsomba zamtunduwu ndi kutalika kwa 6-12 cm, koma popeza kutalika kwake kutalika kuli pafupifupi 3: 1 ndi nsomba yayikulu komanso yotchuka, ndipo imawoneka wokongola kwambiri mu aquarium. Sizipanga mavuto Aquarium wanu ndi kulipanga yekha zambiri.

U n g h o r h o m i s - nsomba zam'madzi zamtchire zimakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Tanganyika. Dzinali limachokera ku nsomba zam'madzi Julidids - popeza mitundu iwiriyi ndi yofanana misala. Iwo ndi chidwi kwambiri Kapangidwe ka thupi ndi zipsepse. Thupi limakhala lokwera komanso lozungulira, ndipo ziphuphu za dorsal ndizitali ndipo zimakhala ndi ma ray opitilira 20. Yokhala wa banja lokhazikika. Kutalika kwa nsomba kukula pafupifupi 10 cm, malinga ndi mtundu. Osati nsomba yankhanza, kupsa mtima pang'ono kumawonekera mkati mwa mitunduyi pakumera. Amawoneka okongola kwambiri m'madzi am'madzi ndipo ndi abwino kulowa m'madzi am'madzi a pseudo, chifukwa amafanana kwambiri ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Mu nyumba ya mavuto kudya ndi kubalana si anaona.

C y p h o t i l i p i a - dzina la mtunduwu limachokera ku Latin 'kyphos' - hup, kumbuyo ndipo likugwirizana ndi 'bump' pamphumi. Anthu amtunduwu ali ndi mbali yayikulu yakutsogolo, makamaka amuna amuna akuluakulu. Onse frontozy kuti moyo m'nyanja ya Tanganyika anawagawa mitundu 6 malingana kunja izi vida.Prozhivayut nsomba mtundu onse m'chigawo cha Nyanja Tanganyika pa kuya kwambiri. Yaikazi imalowetsa mkamwa pakamwa. Kuyerekeza kugonana kumatchulidwa kwambiri - chachikazi ndi chocheperako komanso chofooka kuposa chachimuna. Mu chikhalidwe, zilombo zolusa komanso kufika kukula pazipita 35 cm. Anthu onse a mtundu ofanana ndi mzake ndi mawonekedwe thupi ndi chekeni (buluu ndi zoyera) ndi osiyana mithunzi ya buluu ndi zoyera, n'kupanga mwatsatanetsatane, kukula malingana ndi malo yokolola. Mu aquarium, samachepa ndi ma cichlids onse, koma pali ma cichlids angapo omwe amakhala mwamtendere, makamaka akamasunga nsomba limodzi ndi zaka zachisanu. Amawoneka bwino kwambiri m'madzi akuluakulu okhala ndi miyala yamkati pansi pa kuyatsa kwa buluu.

N E inu L ndi mamita tsa r Mukhoza Inu L O ga u m - mtundu dzina amachokera chonyezimira mbali glossy za thupi. Anthu onse amtunduwu amakhala ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yakuda yopyapyala m'thupi, pang'ono pang'ono kuposa mtundu wa thupi. Amakhala ndi thupi lathanzi komanso lathyathyathya. Makulidwe a mtundu uwu osiyanasiyana monga masentimita 4 cm 20. Pali zambiri pakamwa lalikulu ndi mano lakuthwa conical. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi nkovuta kwambiri. Zimapezeka m'makona onse a nyanjayo komanso m'malo onse omwe Nyanja ya Tanganyika ili. Mu chakudya zakutchire pa nkhanu ndi mphutsi mu Aquarium mosavuta m'malo Cyclops ndi Artemia ndi flake chakudya. Amakhala m'miyala yamiyala - chifukwa chake, miyala ndi miyala ndiyenera kukhala m'madzi.

Lake Tanganyika motalikitsa mu dziko, chimafika pa mtunda 670 Km ndi imodzi mwa kuya mu dziko (1470 mamita - kuya pazipita). Ili pomwepo m'ma 4: Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia ndi Burundi.

Kutengera izi, inunso mukumvetsa kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zimakhalamo. Zoposa 200 mitundu, koma mwatsoka sakhala kunja kwa nyanja mitundu yonse. Nyanja ya Tanganyika, yomwe ndi yayitali kwambiri komanso imodzi mwa nyanja zakuya kwambiri padziko lapansi, ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera amadzi, zomera ndi nyama.

Chifukwa chake, pofuna kukhazikitsa ma cichlids a nyanjayi m'madzimo, ndikofunikira kubwereza zofunikira, koma izi siziri zovuta ndi kufunsana kwathu. Cichlids nyanja Tanganyika ndi ofala ndi cichlids awa ali oyenera kwambiri recreate zoyerekeza-thanki otchedwa.

Zonse ndi zokongola, zowoneka bwino ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mizere yolimba komanso yomveka. Msodzi wotchuka kwambiri komanso wotchuka wam'madzi ku nyanja ya Tanganyika ndi trophies, cythotilapia, yulidochromis, neolamprologus, altolamprologus ndi petrochromis.

ndi kusamalira Aquarium wanu!

Zopanda ma landlines komanso
manambala a foni ku Ukraine

Cichlids nyanja Malawi ndi Tanganyika - Pskov

CYCLIDES a Nyanja Malawi ndi Tanganyika - Pskov

Pseudotrophies - Ngale za Malawi

Nyanja Malawi (nyasa) - wachitatu waukulu pakati pa dera African Great Lakes. Ili ndi chiyambi cha tectonic, ndiye kuti, ndi cholakwika pakati pamagawo a lithospheric odzazidwa ndi madzi. Kuzindikira kwachilendo ndi kudzipatula kwapadera kunapangitsa kuti nyanjayi ikhale yodziwika bwino.
Onetsani zambiri ... A nambala yaikulu nsomba imapezeka kuno, ambiri a iwo alibe ikulongosola za sayansi. Mmodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri okhala m'madzi mu aquarium ndi pseudotrophy, yomwe tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Pseudotrophyus Zebra (Maylandia zebra)

Pseudotropheus Demasoni (Chindongo demasoni)

Pseudotrophaeus Lombardo (Maylandia lombardoi)

Pseudotrophheus Acei (Pseudotropheus sp. "Acei")

Pseudotropheus chofiira (Maylandia estherae)

Pseudotrophyus elongatus Mpanga (Chindongo elongatus Mpanga)

Pseudotrophaeus pindani (Chindongo sesolofi)

Pseudotropheus saulozi (Chindongo saulosi)

Pseudotrophheus mayngano (Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos)

Pseudotropheus Johane (Pseudotropheus johannii)

Kusamalira ndi kukonza

Wofalitsa ndi kulima

Pseudotrophheus (Pseudotropheus sp.) Ndi mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi zatsopano kuchokera ku banja la a Cichlov. Momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira, zimapezeka ku Nyanja ya Malawi (Nyasa). Fotokozani za mbuna gulu, lomwe limatanthauza kuti "nsomba akukhala miyala." Sikuti mwangozi kuti nsomba ija idatchedwa dzina lotere. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa miyala, pomwe amapeza malo ogona ndi chakudya chachikulu - algae, chomwe chimakutidwa ndi mano apadera.
Pseudotropheus - nsomba za kukula sing'anga, ndi yosiyanasiyana ndi ndewu zolimbitsa kuti zimawachititsa mmodzi wa hobbyists ambiri otchuka cichlid.
Kusintha kwa misonkho kwamtunduwu kumasinthidwanso mobwerezabwereza, ndipo zosintha zimachitika kwa izo malinga ndi zomwe zaposachedwa, zomwe zimangotsimikizira chidziwitso chochepa cha ichthyofauna a Lake Malawi.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mitundu yambiri ya ma pseudotrophies amatha kulumikizana wina ndi mzake, kotero vuto losungabe "oyera mzere" mu aquarium limakhalabe lothandiza.

Mawonekedwe
Pseudotropheus ndi oponya-mphako thupi ndi wamkulu cm 9-12. The mutu ndi milomo lalikulu ndi minofu mu buccal M'mimbamo wabwino mano chifukwa kuchipala algae. Mapeto a dorsal kuyambira pamutu mpaka mchira, nthawi zambiri amakhala akumata. Ma anal anal amakhala ndi malo owala owala angapo. Mchira umodzi tsamba.
Ponena za utoto, mitundu yonse ya utawaleza imatha kupezeka mwa oimira gulu ili: ofiira, amtambo, achikaso, etc. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu, yomwe imasiyananso ndi mtundu wamamba. Pa thupi, pamakhala magwiridwe osiyanasiyana osiyanitsa osiyana.

Moyo amayembekezeka mu Aquarium kwa zaka 10.

Habitat
Pseudotrophies akupezeka ku Nyanja ya Malawi (Africa). Izi tintonic reservoir izi zidapereka mitundu yambiri ya nsomba. Live pafupi m'mphepete miyala, pamene iwo kudyetsa makamaka pa algae kukula miyala, mphutsi za tizilombo yaing'ono, molluscs.
Amuna amakhala m'dera linalake ndipo amawateteza. Akazi ndi ana omwe, popanda nyengo yakubereketsa, amapita ku magulu ang'onoang'ono.

Pseudotropheus mbidzi (Maylandia mbidzi)

Madzi mu Nyanja ya Malawi, kuphatikizanso zilumba za Likoma ndi Cisumulu.
Imafika pamtunda wa masentimita 10 mpaka 11. Thupi limadutsa, mutu umakhala ndi maso akulu. Dorsal chipsyepsye amathamanga kochepa kuchokera kumutu mpaka mchira, ndi zisonga mapeto a izo. Mtundu ndi wosiyanasiyana: lalanje, buluu, wakuda ndi zoyera komanso wakuda bii. Akazi ndi ocheperako komanso achikulire kuposa amuna, komanso amuna amuna pa anal fin pali mawanga owala a lalanje.
Analimbikitsa osachepera kuchuluka kwa okhutira - malita 200. Nsomba zosasangalatsa komanso zopanda moyo. Payenera kukhala amuna osachepera atatu pa amuna onse.

Pseudotropheus Demasoni (Chindongo demasoni)

Amakhala m'madzi osaya mu Nyanja ya Malawi pafupi ndi gombe la Tanzania kudera lotchedwa Pombo Rocks.
Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu sikupitirira masentimita 7. Mtundu wa nsomba umayimilidwa ndikusinthana kwa mikwingwirima ya buluu yakuda ndi yamtambo.
Ngakhale kukula kwake yaing'ono, cichlids amafuna buku yofunika kwambiri thanki - malita 150. Mtundu woyang'ana dziko komanso wowopsa. Amuna amatha kuukira oyandikana nawo, ngakhale ochulukirapo. Muli bwino gulu la akazi a akazi mwamuna ndi angapo.

Pseudotrophaeus Lombardo (Maylandia lombardoi)

Amakhala ku Lake Malawi pafupi ndi Mbenges ndi Namalenie Islands.
Pa mphindi, ngati wasuntha mu mtundu Maylandiya. Kukula kwakukulu ndi mpaka masentimita 10. Mtundu wamtundu wa kugonana umadziwika ndi nsomba: amuna ndi achikasu achikuda okhala ndi mikwaso yakuda, ndipo akazi amakhala amtambo wamtambo wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofananira.
Kuti musunge, mukufunikira madzi am'madzi okwanira 200 malita. Mtundu wa ndewu ndi malo. Khalani bwino kuposa amphongo amodzi ndi akazi angapo.

Pseudotrophheus Acei (Pseudotropheus sp. "Acei")

nthumwi ina ya Malawi cichlids, amene amakopeka obereketsa yowala ake mtundu. Kutengera ndi dera, ma morph angapo omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana amawoneka bwino, koma otchuka kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi thupi lamtambo ndi ziphuphu zachikasu.
Imakula mpaka masentimita 12 mpaka 15. Imatsogolera gulu la moyo. Chimodzi mwa abata pseudotropheus, afika bwino ndi cichlids ena kuja. Kuti musunge, mukufunikira madzi am'madzi okwanira 200 malita.

Pseudotrophyus red (Maylandia estherae)

Iwo amakhala mbali ya Lake Malawi, pafupi ndi malire a Mozambique.
Amakula mpaka 10-12 cm. Amuna ndi owoneka buluu okhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda; mawanga pa anal fin. Mtundu wa akazi zimasiyanasiyana wooneka beige kuti lalanje-wofiira. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma morph.
Kuti musunge, mukufunikira madzi am'madzi okwanira 200 malita. Modzikhulupirira nsomba mosavuta kuukira osati mpikisano, komanso akazi ndi nsomba zina. Ndikofunika kuthamangitsa wamphongo wamwamuna mmodzi ndi azimayi angapo mu aquarium.

Pseudotrophyus elongatus Mpanga (Chindongo elongatus Mpanga)

Kuderako ku Lake Malawi, amakhala ku gawo kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa mudzi pafupi Chilumba.
Nsombazi zimakula mpaka 10 cm. Kupaka utoto kwamitundu yambiri kumaimiridwa ndikusinthana kwakuda bii ndi mikwingwirima yoyera ya buluu. zipsepse onse ndi mdima, pafupifupi wakuda malire. Caudal fin ndi dorsal kutha chikasu chowala.
Voliyumu yochepetsedwa kwambiri ya aquarium imachokera ku 200 malita. mitundu Ndi ankhanza ndi dera lawo, zomwe mitundu bwino kusungidwa Aquarium kapena kuja Malawi cichlids.

Pseudotrophaeus pindani (Chindongo sesolofi)

Chimakhala mmbali mwa Nyanja ya Malawi, ikutsuka m'mphepete mwa Mozambique.
The pazipita kukula kwa Aquarium cm 10-11 thupi utoto mumtundu zofewa buluu., Ndi zipsepse ndi mdima buluu malire. Kuyerekeza zogonana sikunafotokozeredwe. Amuna okhwima amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi malo owala pa anal fin.
Kuti mukonze, mumafunikira ma aquarium a malita 160. Poyerekeza ndi zina gulu mbuna, ndithu kudzilimbitsa. Ndikwabwino kukhala ndi zazimuna ndi zazikazi zingapo. M'malo oyandikana nawo malo okhala ma aquarium, ndibwino kusankha ma cichlids omwe ali ocheperako kapena akulu kuposa Pindani pseudotrophy.
Pseudotropheus saulozi (Chindongo saulosi)

Vuto lina ku Nyanja ya Malawi. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa munthu wamkulu sikudutsa masentimita 9. Kugonana kwa dimorphism kumatchulidwa. akazi ndi utoto mtundu yowala chikasu. Wamphongo wa alpha amatenga mtundu wabuluu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Kuchulukana kwachilengedwe kwamtunduwu kuli pafupi kutha.
Muyenera kumafunsa m'chere zokhala m'malo owetera ya malita 200 pa mwamuna ayenera chifukwa cha akazi 2-3.

Pseudotrophheus mayngano (Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos)

Mtunduwu, womwe kale anali wa mtundu wa Melanochromis, umakhala pafupi ndi gombe la chilumba cha Likoma pamtunda wa 3 mpaka 10 m.
The pazipita kukula kwa thupi la 10 cm. Waukulu thupi mtundu mdima buluu ndi ochepa mikwingwirima buluu yopingasa. Zipsepse ndi mchira wake zimakhalanso ndi malire amtambo wabuluu. Ndikwabwino kusunga mu aquariums kuchokera ku malita 200. Amuna ndi dera lawo ndiponso ankakangana. Ndikwabwino kuyika harem yaimuna wamwamuna mmodzi ndi akazi angapo mu aquarium.

Pseudotropheus Johane (Pseudotropheus johannii)

Nthawi yoyamba mitundu anapeza mu 1937 ndipo imapezeka mu Nyanja ya Malawi pa yakuya mpaka mamita 5. Imachitika makamaka pafupi ndi m'matanthwe a Masigne ndi Cape Ngombo.
Kukula kwakuthupi ndi masentimita 10. Wamphongo amapaka utoto wonyezimira wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa.Pa anal fin pali mawanga owongolera. Achichepere ndi akazi ndi agolide a lalanje owoneka ndi mikwingwirima.
Onani modekha. Amakhala bwino ndi ma cichlids ena a Nyanja ya Malawi. Amuna sagonjerana wina ndi mzake komanso nsomba, zofananira. Payenera kukhala akazi achikazi 2 pa amuna. Voliyumu yoyeserera ya aquarium imachokera ku malita 130.

Kusamalira ndi kukonza

Magawo abwino a madzi pazomwe zalembedwa: T = 24-28 °, pH = 7.2-8.5, GH = 4-20.

Anubias amatha kukaniza kuzunzidwa kwa pseudotrophaeus wa herbivorous

Mbidzi, monga anthu ena okhala kunyanja ya Malawi, ndi nsomba zam'mphepete ndipo sizingatheke kulanda malire awo. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuli kotheka, zimasungidwa bwino mumtundu wamadzimadzi. M'mabotolo akuluakulu, mutha kukhazikika ndi oimira ena a Mbuna: labidochromis, melanochromis, labotrophaeus, etc.
Mukamasunga mitundu ingapo, musaiwale kupereka nsombazo malo okwanira okwanira ndikuyang'anira kuchuluka koyenera kwa kugonana.

Panyumba yokonza ma pseudotrophies, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa pakudya koyenera. Tisaiwale kuti zoposa 60% ya zakudya za ma cichlids awa ndi chakudya chomera. Kudyetsa kwakutali ndi mapuloteni ambiri okhala ndi chakudya kapena mazira (magazi, chifuwa, ndi zina) kumatha kubweretsa mavuto ndi m'mimba komanso ngakhale kufa kwa nsomba. Inde, ndipo chakudya chotere chokha chimatha kukhala matenda.
Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kusankha chakudya chouma chamtundu wapamwamba chokhala ndi zopezeka zazitali:
1. Tetra Malawi - chakudya chomwe chimapangidwa mwapadera ku malichlids aku Malawi a gulu la Mbuna. Amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a ma flakes ndi granules, 40% imakhala ndi algae (spirulina, nori, chlorella). Amakwaniritsa zokwanira zofunikira za ma herbivorous cichlids.
2. Tetra Cichlid Algae Mini - chakudya cha mpira chomwe chimapangidwa ndi spherulina. Imatha kudya kwambiri ndipo imapereka melanochromis mokwanira ndi michere yonse.
3. TetraPro Algae - tchipisi takonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono wotentha, womwe umakuthandizani kuti musunge mavitamini ambiri athanzi. Malo odyetserako zobiriwira ndi ozungulira a spirulina algae.

Kuswana ndi kuswana

Kuswana pseudotrophyus sikovuta kwenikweni. Amatha kubereka mosavuta mu wamba aquarium. Chonde a akazi pafupifupi mazira 50. Wamkazi amapeza mazira mkamwa. Mawonekedwe owala pa mphongo zachimuna ndi zokumbukira kwambiri za caviar, kotero zazikazi zimayesetsa kuzigwira, pakadali pano yamphongo imatulutsa mkaka wake ndikuthira caviar.
Makulitsidwewo ndi autali - masabata 2-4. Nthawi yonseyi, wamkazi samadyetsa, ndipo mwachangu amakula bwino. Poyamba, amabisanso mkamwa mwa amayiwo pachiwopsezo choyamba cha ngozi. Komabe, ndiye ndibwino kubzala ana, nthawi zina akuluakulu amatha kudya mwachangu.
Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka 9-12.

CYCLIDES a Nyanja Malawi ndi Tanganyika - Pskov

Pseudotrophyus imamwetsedwa kumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Malawi m'madzi a Lyon Bay. Kutengera gulu lotchedwa Mbuna. Mu aquarium, imakula mpaka 10 cm, chachikazi 8 cm. Imakonda miyala yamatanthwe komanso malo osunthira akuya pafupifupi mamitala 10.
Akachita mantha, nthawi yomweyo anyani amtundu wamtundu waimuna sangathe kusiyanitsidwa ndi zazikazi.
Onetsani kwathunthu ...
Amadyetsa zakudya zamiyala pathanthwe, komanso zooplankton m'madzi otseguka.Zakudya, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zosakanikirana, momwe zida zam'mimba ndi nyama zimakhala ndi chiyerekezo cha 50 mpaka 50. Chipale chofewa, daphnia, corvette, artemia, ndi changa chimatha kuchita ngati chakudya cha nyama. Monga zakudya zamasamba, zakudya zouma zokhala ndi spirulina, nkhaka zatsopano, letesi, sipinachi, dandelion.
Buku lofunikira la aquarium: kuchokera ku malita 150 pamitundu ingapo, voliyumu yofunikira ya aquarium kuchokera ku 200 malita. Ndikofunika kupanga malo amiyala yokhala ndi malo okhala, grottoes, m'mapanga.
Pseudotrophaeus anamwetsa nsomba zazimayi pa amuna osachepera awiri. Mtunduwu umawonetsa njira yosangalatsa kwambiri yoberekera - yaikazi ikamamera imatenga mazira mkamwa mwake ndikuiyambitsa mkamwa mwake mpaka milungu itatu. Yaimuna imabisala ndikukhala mkamwa mwa mayi, pomwe wamkazi samadya kwa milungu itatu.
Kugwirizana: Kugwirizana ndi ma cichlids a Nyanja ya Malawi, Victoria, nsomba zamtambo, mitundu ina ya ma cichlids a Nyanja ya Tanganyika.
Pseudotropheus sp. "Ndale" Pakati pa Febuluwale 2003, ndinalandira phukusi laling'ono kuchokera kwa wogulitsa nsomba aku Samarium aku Sweden. Kalata yomwe yaperekedwayi idawonetsa kuti anakwaniritsa ntchito yanga, ngakhale inali yovuta, ndipo monga mphatso, ndalama zochepa, amanditumizira nsomba zodabwitsa 6 za Pseudotropheus sp. "Polit", yemwe adabwera kwa iye posachedwa, ndikuti uyu ndi chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri chomwe chapezeka mu Nyanja ya Malawi, ku Cove wa Mkango.

Poyamba, nsomba sizinandikhudze ayi; nsomba zinayi zofiirira zimasambira m'matumba awiri, ndipo nsomba ziwiri, mwachimuna, zonse ndizofanana ndi Ps pakuwoneka. sololofi, kukula kwa masentimita 7-8. Nditayika nsomba m'madzi am'madzi, ndinathira Methylene buluu pamenepo ndikuyiwala za kukhalapo mpaka m'mawa, ndikudziuza ndekha momwe a Scandinavians angagulitsire: mphatso, ngakhale ndalama!

Patatha sabata limodzi, nditapanga izi, zodzikakamiza kuti ndizikhala ndekha, ndinatulutsa nsomba kuti ikhale mu malo okwana 400-lita. Kwa nthawi yonseyi, mtundu wa nsomba sunasinthe, kupatula kuti mitunduyo yasiyananso. Ndinali kunja kwa mzinda kwa masiku awiri, ndipo nditabwerako, palibe malire kwa momwe ndinadabwira: momwe ma “bulu” oyipira amtunduwu amatha kusintha kukhala ma swana okongola awiri.

Pseudotropheus sp. "Ndale" idafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Ad Konings mu 1990 monga Pseudotropheus sp. "zosintha". Mitundu yachilengedweyi ya nsomba sizimapitirira kuposa Ng'ombe ya Mkango, komwe imakhala mwakuya kwa 10 mpaka 15 metres. Amuna achimuna amakhala m'dera lalikulu pafupifupi mita imodzi, kuteteza modzitchinjiriza kwa alendo osadziwika, komanso osadziyitanitsa akwatibwi kukwatirana ndi mwala womwe amawakonda. Akugwedezeka ndi thupi lake lonse ndipo ali m'mbali mwake, akuwonetsa mkaziyo chovala chake chokongola. Thupi la nsomba-yakum'mwamba ija limakongoletsedwa ndi chinsalu chakuda chamutu, chimadutsa chamkati, ndipo pang'ono, ziphuphu za kumaso, pamphumi, buluu wakuda bii, pafupifupi mzere wakuda umadutsa m'maso. Mphepo zoyambirira za zipsepse zamkati zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera oyera. Wamphongo amatha, monga chinyama, kusintha mtundu wake, m'masekondi amphindi amtundu wamaso owongoka thupi lonse. Koma akaona wodana naye, pogundika ndi diso amavala malaya ake akunja ndikukongoletsa mutu wake ndi chigoba chofiirira. Wamphongo wocheperapo amakhala ndi utoto wocheperako, wokhala ndi imvi m'maso ndi kuwonekera. Akazi amapaka utoto wonyezimira, akamadyetsedwa ndi ma cyclops, thupi limapeza konkera, okazinga amakhala ndi utoto wofanana ndi wamkazi, koma ndi gawo lalikulu la kufiyanso.

Kukula kwakukulu kwa P. sp. "Ndale" - 12 cm, nthawi zambiri osapitirira 10,5 cm, zazikazi ndizocheperako pang'ono. Malo ogwidwa samasiyana ndi gulu la "Mbuna": Ph 7.2 - 8.5, kutentha 25-28 degrees Celsius, DGh mpaka 20dH. Aeration, madzi kusefedwa amatanthauza. Ma aquarium ayenera kusankhidwa ndi malo akulu kwambiri; kuyambira azimayi atatu mpaka asanu ndi mmodzi ayenera kuperekedwa kwa wamwamuna m'modzi. Zoyenera, ngati mupanga gulu la zazimuna zazikulu ziwiri ndi zazikazi 8 mpaka 15. Mwamuna wabwino, wamwamuna ndi wamakhalidwe ndi "mawonekedwe" enieni, adzathamangitsa mkaziyo, kumuyitanira pamalo owoneka, ngakhale atakhala ndi pakamwa podzaza ndi caviar. Samalirani malo okhala ndi akazi kuti mulowerereko akazi momwe mungathere, kapena muwapatulire mndende. Amuna awiri otsogola omwe amakhala nawo mgulu limodzilimodzi amakangana, pakulimbana wina ndi mnzake pakamwa pawo, komabe, sizimavulala kwambiri, nthawi zambiri samakumana. Akazi amadzazira mazira mkamwa pafupifupi masiku 26. Sali opatsa chidwi kwambiri, okwanira kulekerera osaposa 25 mwachangu, nthawi zambiri amakhala 10-12. Kuyambira poyambira - nauplii wa Artemia Salina, ma cyclops, tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta chakudya chowuma.

Nsomba zazikulu ndi masamba. Muukapolo, chomera chakudyacho chimasinthidwa bwino ndimadyeredwe otchedwa spirulina, letesi, sipinachi, masamba achichepere, zukini. Kudyetsa nyama kuyenera kupezeka m'zakudya mpaka 20% yonse. Ndikupangira kusinthana kwama mavitamini ndi carotene kuti mulimbikitse kusatha kwa nsomba ndikusintha mtundu.

Ma aquarium anga aku Malawi okhala ndi malita 400 ali ndi masentimita 150x50. Mpanda pansi, kumbuyo ndi pang'ono ndizakutidwa ndi nyumba yokongoletsera yopangidwa ndi nyumba ya buluu polystyrene. Wodula wotentha wosemedwa amatengera miyala. Chithovucho ndi chokupangirani ndi utoto wakuda wa magawo awiri, ndi zigawo zingapo za epoxy za inshuwaransi. Mchenga wabwino wamtsinje umathiridwa muzinthu pansi, mabatani angapo amakongoletsedwa ndi mkati, ndi Thai fern yokonzedwera kwa iwo. Chifukwa cha kutalika kwa madzi am'madzi, abambo awiri otchuka amakhala bwino wina ndi mnzake, akugawana gawo ndi mwana wamwamuna wokhwima Labidochromis caeruleus "Yellow", yemwe mokondweretsa amakhalanso ndi chigoba chakuda pakhosi pake. Mukatenga gawo labwino, wamphongo samachokapo, ngakhale pakudyetsa, kuyembekezera moleza kuti chakudyacho chilowe mkamwa mwawo.Musaphatikizire mitundu yofananira ndi madzi amodzimodziwo, chifukwa chakuwoloka kosadukiza. Copadichromis, Cyrustocara, Protomelas, Labidochromis caeruleus "Yellow" ndi oyandikana ndi Ps. "Polit." Nedivoda