Chifukwa chakuti zochulukira kangaude wa tarantula amawonekera mnyumba za anthu okonda zachilendo, chidwi chake chikukula. Maonekedwe ozindikirika komanso mawonekedwe osasinthika amakupatsani mwayi wowunika momwe amawonekera kangaude wa tarantula mu chithunzi. Awa ndi ma arthropod amakulu, omwe thupi lawo limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba.
Spider tarantula Theraphosinae
Mtundu wa Tarantula zimatengera mtunduwo, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiirira kapena imvi, komabe, pali mitundu ya akangaude omwe miyendo yake imapakidwa utoto wowoneka bwino. Asanayambe kusungunuka, kangaudeyu amakhala ndi utoto wakuda, koma kuzimiririka, kumatembenukiranso.
Akazi ambiri kuposa amuna. Akuluakulu amafika mpaka 25 cm, poganizira miyendo. Yaikulu pamasamba ake ndi tarantula goliath Kuyambira 1965, adalembedwa mbuku la mbiri chifukwa cha kukula kwake. Pamodzi ndi miyendo yake ndi 28 cm.
Spider tarantula goliath
Ndi molt aliyense watsopano tarantula kukula. Asanayambe kusungunuka, kangaudeyo amakana chakudya kwanthawi yayitali. Pambuyo pa kusungunuka, miyendo ya kangaude imakhala yotalikirapo, ndipo pamimba amachepetsa.
Otsimikiza amataya pamisana yawo. Nthawi zina mukasungunuka, kangaude sangathe kumasula nthambi imodzi kapena ziwiri kuchokera ku "khungu" lakale, kenako nkuwataya. Koma pambuyo pa molting 3-4, miyendo yotayika imabwezeretseka kwathunthu.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa tarantulas pakati pa akatswiri nthawi zambiri kumawerengeredwa osati ndi zaka, koma ndi kuchuluka kwa molts. Chifukwa chake, ngati chiweto chosankhidwa gulani kangaude wa tarantula ikutsatira, kuyang'ana bwino pachizindikirochi. Kumayambiriro kwa moyo ndikukhala ndi zakudya zabwino, zimasungunuka nthawi zambiri. Akazi achikulire samapitirira kamodzi pachaka.
Tarantula Spider Poecilotheria metallica
Ngakhale ndikulankhula za zaka, ndikofunikira kuti ma tarantulas achikazi azitha zaka zana. Pafupifupi, ena amakhala zaka 20, koma anthu ena amakhalabe ndi 30. Zomwe sizinganene za amuna. Nthawi zambiri amakhala osapitilira chaka, ndipo okhawo opikisana amatha kukhala zaka 5.
Pokhala mdani wosasunthika, kangaude uyu sakukwaniritsa dzina lake. Adayamba kumutcha tarantula chifukwa chojambula wofufuza wina waku Germany, a Maria Sibylla Merian, yemwe amawonetsa kangaude yemwe amadya chikwama chomata.
Mwachilengedwe, tarantulas samaluka mikoko kuti apeze chakudya. Amadikirira moleza mtima munthu amene wakhumudwitsayo, kenako ndi kuiwononga mwachangu. Munjira yomweyo amasaka ndipo tarantulas zapakhomo. Simalimbikitsidwa kudyetsa nyama, izi zimatha kudzetsa matenda a nyama.
Ma tarantulas amodzi amadya mapako a nsangalabwi, mphutsi za zoobus, mphukira zamagazi, achule ang'ono, dzombe ndi ziwala. Ndikofunika kuti chakudyacho sichidutsa kangaude kukula. Moyenera, chakudya chikakhala theka la tarantula, apo ayi kangaude sawayesa kukhudza.
Kangaude wakuda waantantula
Pobayira poyizoni, kangaudeyo amathandizanso kuti agwire. Amakulowetsa tinthu tosakhazikika m'matumba ndipo kudzera mwa kuluma amalola madzi a m'matumbo kuti alowe. Pakapita kanthawi, zolowa mkati zimapendekera pang'onopang'ono ndi kangaude. Njira ya momwe chakudya ingathandizire kuiganizira kangaude wa tarantula pavidiyo. Kuwona koyipa kwinaku ndikungoyang'ana.
Malo okhala tarantulas
Akatswiri amasiyanitsa mitundu yoposa 700 ya akangaude awa. Koma chachikulu mitundu ya tarantulas odziwika monga mwa malo awo. Momwe moyo wake mumalo ogwirira ntchito zimadalira mtundu womwe kangaudeyu alili.
Terrestrial tarantulas imakhala yambiri m'nkhalango zotentha za South America ndi Asia, koma nthawi zina zimatha kupezekanso m'maiko otentha ku Europe. Akangaude awa amatha kukumba mabowo mu dothi lonyowa, ndikukulunga m'matumba. Izi zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa pokonzekera bwalo la tarantulas yotere.
Ma tarantulas otentha amakonda nyengo yotentha ya Australia ndi New Zealand kapena Africa. Pazinyumba, sankhani maboti ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono kapena kadzisungira malo awoawo. Siyani nyumba zawo kawirikawiri ndipo usiku wokha. Pazifukwa izi, tarantula iyi ndi chithunzi chamtengo wapatali makamaka, chifukwa ndizovuta kupanga chithunzi.
Kupita kokasaka kapena kukolola, nthawi yonse yomasulira phula ikukhala bwino m'malo awo. Mtunduwu sutsalira kunyumba, chifukwa sizingatheke kuusunga nthawi zonse.
Koma ngati zisankho zidamugwera, ndiye kuti gawo laling'onoting'ono, lomwe limagwedezeka kwambiri, liyenera kuthiridwa mumtunda kuti tarantula yakunyumba Ndinatha kupanga zomata zakuya. Ndipo iyenera kudyetsedwa usiku, kuti isasokoneze ma biorhythms achilengedwe a arthropod.
Ku Asia ndi America, mitundu ya mitengo ya mitengo imasankha nkhalango zonyowa kuti ikhale. Akangaude a mitengo a ku Africa amakhala okongola pamitengo yopanda mapiri. Ndikofunika kunena kuti anthu akuluakulu okha ndi omwe amakhala pamitengo, pomwe achinyamata ndi omwe amakhala moyo wokhalitsa pamtunda.
Mukakonza bwalo la kangaude wamtunduwu, kuphatikiza gawo laling'ono, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa nthambi zingapo kapena kulowerera. Izi zitha kuzindikirika pamalo opumira, ndipo m'lifupi mwake mumakhala 2 saizi ya kangaude.
Kodi ndizoyenera kuchita mantha ndi ma tarantulas?
Kuluma kwa kangaude wamkuluyu ndi kupha makoswe ochepa. Pali nthawi zina pamene amphaka am'banja amwalira ndi kulumwa ndi tarantula. Ndizomveka kuganiza kuti zitha kuvulaza kwambiri thanzi la mwana.
Akazi amakhala ankhanza makamaka mu gawo logwira ntchito yaumayi. Koma nthawi zina zimakhala zosatheka kuneneratu momwe kangaude angachitire zinthu zosavulaza komanso zodziwika bwino. Chifukwa chake, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutenge ndi manja anu. Asanawonekere mnyumbamo gulani tarantula Simukufunikira boma lokha, komanso maulalo omaliza osiyanasiyana opanga ndi kangaude.
Kuopsa kwa poizula wam'madzi kumadalira mitundu yake. Kwa munthu wamkulu, kuluma kwa tarantula sikowopsa kuposa kuluma kwa mavu. Zowawa zomwezi komanso kutupa pang'ono. Koma m'malo ovuta kwambiri, zotsatira za poizoni wambiri amatha kudziwonetsa ngati atha kuzindikira, kutentha thupi, kusanza, ngakhalenso kukomoka.
Kuphatikiza pa kulumidwa, choopseza chomwe chingakhalepo ndi villi yomwe imakwirira thupi la kangaude. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakoka mosavuta pamimba pamatope kanema wa tarantula ikuwonetsa momwe izi zimachitikira.
Kufika pakhungu, poizoni kumatha kuyambitsa kuyaka komanso thupi lanu. Kulumikizana kwa villi ndi maso kumayambitsa chidwi choyaka chomwe sichimachoka kwa maola angapo, ndipo nthawi zina masiku.
Nthawi zina chimakhala chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwamuyaya. Ngati chiwopsezo chaumoyo sichingawope mwini wam'tsogolo, komanso mawonekedwe a tarantula sakhala oopsa, ndiye kuti mutha kupeza chiweto chotetezeka motere.
Tarantula Spider Habitat
Ma kangaude awa amatha kupezeka pamakontinenti onse kupatula Antarctica. Amakonda kutentha komanso kutentha kwambiri. M'mayiko otentha, pali mitundu 600 ya mabanja a tarantula omwe amakhala. Makamaka ambiri a iwo amapezeka madera otentha a America, South ndi Southeast Asia, Australia, New Zealand, nkhalango zotentha za Ceylon, India ndi kuzilumba za Indian ndi Western Pacific. Pafupipafupi, koma ma tarantulas amapezeka ku Europe (ku Italy, kumwera kwa Spain, Portugal).
Kangaude wa Tarantula
Kangaude wa Tarantula, kapena tarantula, imawoneka bwino kwambiri komanso yosangalatsa. Tizilombo timeneti ndi lalikulu kwambiri, tili ndi miyendo yayitali, yokhala ndi ubweya komanso mtundu wowala, womwe ndi mult uliwonse wotsatira umakhala wowala kwambiri. Kangaude wamtunduwu amagawika m'magulu ambiri. Komabe, onse amaonedwa kuti ndi poyizoni, mpaka pamlingo wina kapena wina.
Kwa munthu wamkulu, wathanzi, kuluma kwawo sikungakhale koopsa, koma kumatha kupweteka, kusanza, kusanza, kukokana, kutentha thupi, kuyamwa. Kwa munthu wachikulire, wofooka, kapena mwana, nyama yocheperako, kulumidwa ndi kachilomboka kungaphe.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Tarantula Spider
Kangaude uyu ndi wa tizilombo ta arthropod, ndi nthumwi ya gulu la arachnids, dongosolo la akangaude, banja la akangaude - tarantulas. Dzina la kangaude wakuphayo limachokera pa utoto wojambulidwa ndi wojambula aku Germany a Mary Sibylla Merian, yemwe amawonetsa kangaude wowukira mb humb. Iyenso anali mboni pa chochitikachi, chomwe adatha kuchiona ali ku Suriname.
Akangaude awa ndi amodzi mwa zigawo zakale za arachnids. Pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri amaziika ngati tarantulas. Komabe, izi zimachitika chifukwa cholakwika, osati kutanthauzira dzina lawo molondola. Asayansi ndi ofufuza ambiri amawona kuti ndizoyenera kudzipatula tarantulas m'magulu osiyana a tizilombo, monga chinkhanira.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Goliati tarantula kangaude
Kangaude wa tarantula ali wowoneka bwino, wowoneka bwino. Ali ndi miyendo yayitali yokutidwa ndi villi yolimba, yolimba. Amagwira ntchito ya ziwalo zogwira ndi zofungo.
Momwe tikuwonera ndikuti ma arthropod ndi omwe ali ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi ya miyendo, ngati mungayang'ane bwino, zidzadziwika kuti kangaudeyu ali ndi mbali zinayi zokha zamanja. Awa ndi ma paws, gawo limodzi lomwe limagwera chelicera, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kukumba mabowo, kuteteza, kusaka ndikusuntha nyama yomwe yagwidwa, komanso ma pedipalps, omwe amakhala ngati ziwalo zogwira. Chelicerae, momwe muli ndulu za poizoni tambiri, timatsogola.
Ma subspecies ena ndi akulu kwambiri, amafika masentimita 27-30. Pafupifupi, kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumayambira 4 mpaka 10-11 masentimita, kupatula kutalika kwa miyendo. Kulemera kwakuthupi kwamthupi ndi magalamu 60-90. Komabe, pali anthu ena omwe misa yawo imafika pafupifupi magalamu a 130-150.
Iliyonse ya mitundu yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mtundu wowala bwino kwambiri. Ndi mtundu uliwonse wotsatira, utoto umakhala wowala ndikuwonjezereka.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Panthawi yosungunuka, sikuti mtundu umangokhala wowala komanso wokulirapo, komanso kukula kwa thupi kumakulanso. Anthu ena panthawi yakusungunuka amatha kuwonjezera katatu mpaka kanayi!
Nthawi zina mukasungunuka, kangaude amalephera kumasula miyendo. Mwachilengedwe, amapatsidwa mphamvu yakuzitaya. Komabe, pambuyo pa ma molts atatu kapena anayi amabwezeretsedwanso.
Thupi la arthropod limakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri: cephalothorax ndi m'mimba, zomwe zimalumikizana wina ndi mzake. Zigawo za thupi zimaphimbidwa ndi exoskeleton wandiweyani - chitin. Danga loteteza chotere limateteza ma arthropod ku kuwonongeka kwa makina ndipo amathandizira kupewa kutayika kwambiri kwa chinyezi. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa tizilombo tomwe timakhala m'madela otentha ndi kotentha.
Cephalothorax imatetezedwa ndi chishango chofunikira kwambiri chotchedwa Karapas. Pamaso pake panali mbali zinayi za maso. Njira yodyetsera ndi kubereka imapezeka m'mimba. Pamapeto pamimba pali zowonjezera zomwe zimalola kuluka kwa kangaude.
Kodi kangaude wa tarantula amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kangaude wowopsa wa kangaude
Akangaude a Tarantula ndi achilengedwe kwambiri ndipo amakhala pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Kupatula kumeneko ndi gawo lokha la Antarctica. Zocheperako poyerekeza ndi zigawo zina, akangaude amapezeka ku Europe.
Madera akugawa ma arthropods:
Dera lokhalamo anthu limakhazikika ndi mitundu. Mitundu ina imalekerera chilala ndipo imakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Ena amakonda madera oteteza nkhalango zachilengedwe kapena malo okhala. Kutengera chilengedwe ndi mtundu wa malo okhala, akangaude amagawika m'magulu angapo: burrows, Woody andy. Momwemo, amakhala m'maenje, pamitengo kapena pachitsamba, kapena padziko lapansi.
Ndizodziwika kuti pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitukuko chawo, akangaude amatha kusintha mawonekedwe ndi malo omwe amakhala. Mphutsi zomwe zimakhala panthawiyi, zikafika pa kutha msinkhu, zimatuluka m'zimbudzi ndipo zimakhala nthawi yayitali padziko lapansi. Ma tarantulas ambiri, omwe amakonda kukhala m'maenje, amakumba okha ndi kuwalimbikitsa, amawayendetsa ndi ma bato. Nthawi zina, timiyala ting'onoting'ono tomwe timadyedwa ndi kangaude timatha kukhalamo. Spider zomwe zimakhala pamitengo kapena zitsamba zimatha kupanga mapaipi apadera kuchokera pa intaneti.
Chifukwa chakuti akangaude amaonedwa ngati arthropods, amangokhala nthawi yawo yambiri m'malo osungirako. Azimayi omwe adadzilimbitsa mokhazikika sangathe kuchoka m'misasa yawo kwa miyezi ingapo.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kangaudeyu amakhala, tiyeni tiwone momwe ma tarantula amatha kudyetsedwera.
Kodi kangaude wa tarantula amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Phula la Pois Tarantula
Tizilombo timakonda kudya nyama, koma anthu omwe amadyedwa ndi ena ndi amene amadya nyama yokha. Zomwe zimapangidwira pakudya m'mimba zimafunikira chakudya chosavuta, chosavuta.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya pa tarantulas:
- mbalame
- makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi ma invertebrates,
- tizilombo
- ma arthropod ang'ono, kuphatikizapo akangaude,
- nsomba
- amphibians.
Ziwalo zogaya zimakonzedwa m'njira yoti zisathe kupirira ndi nyama yankhuku. Komabe, m'chilengedwe mumakhala zochitika za kangaude zazing'ono zazing'ono. Gawo lalikulu la zakudya za tarantulas ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono - maphemwe, maukosi amwazi, ntchentche, arthropods. Achibale a arachnids amathanso kukhala olanda.
Ma Tarantulas sangathe kumatchedwa tizilombo, chifukwa kuti agwire nyama yawo, nthawi zambiri amayembekezera kuti abisalira. Chifukwa cha tsitsi lalitali kwambiri, amawona chilichonse chomwe angathe kuchita. Amathanso kudziwa kukula ndi mtundu wa ozunzidwa. Akayandikira kwambiri, kangaudeyu amadzagunda ndi liwiro la mphenzi, ndikuilowetsa poyizoni.
Panthaŵi yomwe akangaude ali ndi njala kwambiri, amathamangitsa amene akuvutikawo, kapena angachite bwino kuyenda mpaka atafika patali kwambiri. Akangaude omwe angotuluka kumene kuchokera ku mazira samakhala ndi njala komanso zosowa zopatsa thanzi.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Tarantula Spider
Kangaude wa tarantula amakhala ndi moyo pawekha. Amakonda kuthera nthawi yayitali m'malo awo osankhidwa. Akangaude akakhala odzala, sangathe kuchoka kwawo kwa miyezi ingapo. Mitundu ya akangaude iyi imadziwika ndi moyo wokha, wokhazikika. Ngati ndi kotheka, akangaude amatuluka kwawo usiku.
Mtundu uwu wa arthropod amadziwika ndi chikhalidwe chosasinthika, komanso kusintha kwa zizolowezi zosiyanasiyana pazamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Mukamasankha pogona, akangaude amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi masamba kuti azitha kupeza mwayi wopeza chakudya. Akangaude achikulire omwe amakhala m'makorona amitengo amatha kuluka ma cabulbs.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri m'moyo wa arthropod aliyense ndi kusungunuka. Achinyamata amalira pafupifupi mwezi uliwonse. Kangaude akayamba kukula, nthawi zambiri mool imayamba. Mukamaliza kusungunuka, paketiyo imakula, imakongoletsa mtundu wake. Asanayambe molting, akangaude amasiya kudya kuti asamasuke ku chivundikiro chocheperako. Nthawi zambiri, ma arthropod amapindika kumbuyo kwawo kuti atulutse zigamba zake mosavuta komanso mwachangu.
Ma guaranteed ndi oyenera kuwonedwa kuti ndi opambana pakubwera kwa moyo. Anthu ena amakhalabe ndi zaka 30. Chiyembekezero chamoyo chotalika ndi zaka 20-22. Ngakhale ndi kukula kwake kochititsa chidwi, ma tarantulas ali ndi adani ambiri akakhala zachilengedwe.
Ma Arthropod ali ndi zida zodzitetezera:
- chindapusa
- kulumwa poizoni
- moto woyaka m'mimba.
Mothandizidwa ndi tsitsi, akazi amateteza ana awo amtsogolo. Amaziyika mu ukonde, womwe umalowa mchikasu. Chida chothandiza chomwe chimathamangitsa adani ndicho mzere wa zotulutsa zomwe kangaude amazipanga m'diso la mdani.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Big Tarantula Spider
Amuna amakula msanga kwambiri kuposa akazi, komabe, nthawi yomwe amakhala nayo imakhala yotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ya akazi. Mwamuna amakhala zaka zosaposa chaka, ndipo ngati angathe kukwatiwa ndi mkazi, ndiye kuti amakhala ndi moyo wocheperako.
Amuna ali ndi mbedza zapadera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa tibial. Ndi chithandizo chawo, amuna amasunga akazi, nthawi yomweyo amateteza okha kwa iwo, chifukwa nthawi yakukhwima, akazi ndi osadalirika, komanso amakhala ankhanza kwambiri. Asanapitirize ndi kupeza mnzake woyenera, amunawo adaluka tsamba la mayi, pomwe amatulutsa timadzi tambiri. Kenako amagwira m'mphepete mwa tsambalo ndi miyendo yawo ndi kukoka.
Ngakhale wamkazi akhale ndi mnzake, kukwatirana sikuchitika popanda kuchita miyambo yapadera. Ndi thandizo lawo, ma arthropod amawona ngati ali amtundu womwewo kapena ayi. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi miyambo yapadera yozindikira abale: kugwedeza thupi, kugunda ndi miyendo, etc.
Njira yakukula ikhoza kukhala yomweyo, ndipo imatha kukhala maola angapo. Amakhala ndi kusinthidwa ndi amuna a ma pedipalps a seminal fluid kulowa mthupi la mkazi. Matani akamaliza, abambo nthawi yomweyo amayesa kuchoka. Kupanda kutero, wamkazi amadya yamphongo.
Pambuyo pake, mazira amapangidwa mu thupi la mkazi. Nthawi ikafika, wamkazi amayikira mazira. Chiwerengero cha mazira chimadalira pa subspecies. Wamkazi amatha kugona kuchokera ku makumi angapo mpaka mazira chikwi. Kenako yaikaziyo imapanga mtundu wa coco, womwe umayika mazira ake ndikuwaphika. Izi zimatenga masiku 20 mpaka zana limodzi.
Munthawi imeneyi, akazi amakhala ankhanza kwambiri komanso osadalirika. Amatha kuteteza ana mtsogolo mosasamala komanso mopanda mantha, ndipo amatha kudya osazengereza ngati ali ndi njala yayikulu. Nymphs zimatuluka muchokole, zomwe zikamapanga molting zimakula ndikupanga mphutsi, kenako zimakula.
Adani achilengedwe a kangaude wa tarantulas
Chithunzi: Phula la Pois Tarantula
Ngakhale kukula kwake ndi kowoneka bwino, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso kupezeka kwa njira zoteteza, kangaude wa tarantulas ali ndi adani ambiri mwachilengedwe. Iwonso nthawi zambiri amakhala olandidwa ndi tizilombo tina. Mmodzi mwa adani oyipa kwambiri a kangaude wa tarantula amadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya scolopendras. Simangodya ma tarantulas okha, komanso pa akangaude ena akulu, ndi njoka.
Nthawi zambiri tarantula imakhala chogwiriridwa cha woimira genus ethmostigmus, kapena arachnids wokulirapo. Anthu ambiri amphibians, kuphatikiza chule chachikulu, chule wamiyeso yoyala, milomo ya maluwa, ndi zina, amadziwikanso ngati adani a tarantula. ma invertebrates ena sasintha nthawi zina kudya phwando la tarantula.
Mtundu wa arachnidwu umagwidwanso ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timayikira mazira m'thupi la akangaude. Kuchokera mazira amadzaza mphutsi zomwe zimafalikira thupi la wolandirayo, kuzidya kuchokera mkati kapena kunja. Chiwerengero cha majeremusi chikakhala chachikulu, kangaude amangofera chifukwa choti mphutsi zimadyadi ndi moyo.
Chosangalatsa: Arthropod iyi ili ndi mpikisano wovuta kwambiri ngati kangaude wa goliath. Pokonzekera kupulumuka mu vivo, amapikisana nawo m'malo mwa mafayilo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Kangaude wamphongo wamwamuna
Mpaka pano, kangaude wa tarantula amamuona ngati woyimira arachnids. Zimagawidwa pafupifupi kulikonse. Kupatula kumeneko ndi ku Antarctica, komanso madera ena a ku Europe. Pali mitundu ingapo yomwe siyachilendo monga ina, koma simuphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazomera ndi ziphuphu zomwe zalembedwa mu Red Book.
Zochitika zapadera, kapena mapulogalamu okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha akangaude, sapezeka m'dziko lililonse padziko lapansi. Komabe, komwe akangaude ali ponseponse, ntchito yazidziwitso imachitika ndi anthu pokhudzana ndi machitidwe akakumana ndi arthropod wa poizoni, chifukwa amatha kukhala owopsa.
Kangaude wa tarantula amapezeka kwambiri m'maiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, monga chiweto. Nthawi zambiri obereketsa ndi okonda nyama zachilendo amasankha. Samayesa kukhala wowoneka bwino malinga ndi momwe amamangidwira, siwachilendo komanso wokwera mtengo, safuna zakudya zapadera. Kuti mupeze chiweto chodabwitsa choterechi, ndikofunikira kuphunzira mosamala momwe zimakhalira ndikukhala ndi zakudya.
Kangaude wa Tarantula Ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera, owoneka bwino komanso mawonekedwe osangalatsa. Ndizofala kwambiri pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Mukakumana naye, musaiwale kuti kangaudeyu ndi woopsa. Makampani oweta nyama achilengedwe amalangizidwa kuti adziwe njira zothandizira kupha tizilomboti.
Habitat
Ma Tarantulas amakhala kumayiko onse kupatula Antarctica. Mitunduyo imaphatikizapo onse a ku Africa, South America, Australia ndi Oceania.
Ku Europe, akangaude a tarantula ndi osowa, mitundu yawo imaphatikizapo theka lakumwera kwa Italy, Spain ndi Portugal. Amapezeka ngati mitundu yokonda chinyezi yomwe imakhala m'makorona a nkhalango za equatorial, mwachitsanzo, Caribena amagonero [ gwero losavomerezeka? ] ndi chilala chosagwira chilala, mwachitsanzo Chromatopelma cyaneopubescens [ gwero losavomerezeka? ] .
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Ma guarantarantas ndi olamulira ovuta (okhwima). Mosiyana ndi dzinalo, njira yawo yogaya chakudya simapangidwira kuti azikhala ndi chakudya chamagulu (nkhuku). Maziko a zakudya za tarantulas amapangidwa ndi tizilombo kapena akangaude ang'onoang'ono. Akangaude ndi ochulukirapo ndipo amatha kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana: ntchentche, maphemwe, magazi, achule, makoswe ang'ono, mbalame, nsomba ndi zina zambiri [ gwero losavomerezeka? ]. Ma tarantulas amayang'anitsitsa nyama yomwe yabisala, osagwiritsa ntchito intaneti popanga misampha.
Khalidwe
Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tarantulas imakonda kukhala m'makona a mitengo, zitsamba, m'miyala ya masamba a bromeliad, m'malo otetezeka pansi kapena m'makungwa. M'miyoyo yawo yonse, nthawi zambiri amasintha momwe amagwiritsira ntchito; ngati mphutsi zimakhala ngati zabwinobwino, ndiye kuti akuluakulu amatha nthawi yawo yambiri ali pamtunda, womwe ndi mtundu wamtchire ndi mitengo yamitengo iwiri. Akangaude akuwotchera pansi amakumba pansi, pogwiritsa ntchito mawebusayiti kulimbitsa nthaka, mapaipi oluka matabwa kuchokera m'mabampu. Nthawi zambiri, akangaude amagwira ntchito pokhapokha pakufunika. Ngakhale akangaude anjala amatha kukhala kwakanthawi kwakanthawi, kulondolera nyama zawo. Akangaude okhuta bwino nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kuti amagwira ntchito zochepa: makasitomala achikulire achikulire nthawi zambiri samachoka m'makomo mwawo kwa miyezi yambiri.
Kuluma kangaude
Mitundu yonse ya ma tarantulas ndi ochulukirapo kapena ocheperako, ngati tikulankhula za mitundu yopanda poizoni, izi zikutanthauza za poizoni wapoizoni. Kuluma kwa tarantula kwa munthu wathanzi wachikulire sikumapha, koma kosasangalatsa kwambiri (kupweteka kwambiri, kutentha thupi, kuperewera, kukokana kwa minofu, ndi zina). Imfa yotsimikizika yamwalira chifukwa chakumwa ndi tarantula sichikudziwika, koma oweta amateur adawona milandu yakufa ya amphaka chifukwa chakumwa ndi ziweto zawo. Poona izi, akangaude aziwoneka akufa kwa ana aang'ono kapena anthu omwe ali ndi hypersensitivity poizoni - kupezeka kwa ziwopsezo za poizoni. Ngati kuluma, poizoni siliperekedwa nthawi zonse;
Makosi
Komanso ubweya wapoizoni woteteza, womwe mitundu yambiri ya akangaude amaphatikizira kuchokera pamimba, imatha kukhala chopweteka. Tsitsi limalumidwa ndi kangaude kuchokera pamavuto (muukapolo), koma mwachilengedwe ngati pakuwoneka zoopsa kapena pofuna kudziteteza, komanso akangaude amaluka ndi ukonde, poteteza chisa chawo. Tsitsi likayamba pakhungu, maso, mapapu, thupi lake siligwirizana: kuyamwa kosaletseka, kupweteka m'maso, kuperewera, kufooka. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimatha pambuyo maola ochepa [ gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 2424 ], koma tsitsi likayamba kulowa m'maso, kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kokwanira kumathanso. Maupanga ma kangaude a Amateur adawona kuti ubweya wapoizoni umapangidwa kwambiri m'mitundu ya pansi ndi yamtchire, mumtundu wocheperako pang'ono m'makola, ndipo mulibe ena ambiri amitengo. Akangaude a nkhuni samasulira tsitsi loteteza pamimba zawo, koma gwiritsani ntchito kokha ndi kulumikizana mwachindunji.
Nymphs ndi Larvae
Akangaude obadwa kumene amatenga mazira, omwe masiku ano amatchedwa nymphs. Nymphs nthawi zambiri samadyetsa, ndipo chifukwa cha izi, amatha kukhalira limodzi kwa nthawi yayitali - palibe chowopseza cha cannibalism. Kenako nymph molt kawiri ndikusintha kukhala mphutsi, ndiye kuti kangaude wazaza wathunthu wa molt woyamba. Chifukwa chake, nymph ndi gawo loyamba ndi lachiwiri. Kunja, nymphs zimasiyana pang'ono ndi mphutsi. Akangaude amatchedwa mphutsi asanakhale munthu wamkulu.
Molting
Molting ndi gawo lofunikira pakukula kwa akangaude. Mukalumikizana, akangaude amaponyera exoskeleton yakale - exuvium ndipo amatha kukula pafupifupi nthawi imodzi ndi theka. Magawo onse olimba a tarantula amawonjezereka, kuphatikiza miyendo, kutalika kwake komwe kumapangitsa kukula kwa kangaude, nthawi yomweyo, pamimba yofewa imachepa pang'ono, kukula pamimba kumachitika pakati pa molts.
Poona kuti nthawi yayitali komanso kuchuluka kwa akangaude akuchulukirachulukira malinga ndi nyengo, makamaka pa kutentha ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya, zaka za tarantulas nthawi zambiri zimayezedwa molt (zolembedwa L ndi L ndi nambala [ gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 2424 ]). Ngati ma tarantulas achichepere amatha kusungunuka mwezi uliwonse, ndiye kuti ukalamba ukuyandikira, nthawi pakati pa molts imakula. Akazi akuluakulu a tarantulas molt kamodzi pachaka. Ku Russia, polumikizana manambala, sichachilendo kukumbukira molt wa kangaude; m'maiko ena, kuwerengetsa kungasiyane pang'ono.
Spider molt, nthawi zambiri amagona kumbuyo kwawo. Choyamba, madzimadzi amatuluka kuchokera pamimba kupita ku cephalothorax, ndipo atatha kutulutsa matope, cephalothorax watsopanoyo amayamba kusiya malo omwe amakhala kale, ndiye gawo lokhalitsa lalitali lotulutsa chelicera, pedipalpus ndi miyendo ya kangaude kuchokera kutulutsidwe wakale kumachitika, nthawi yomweyo chipolopolo chakale cha zofunda. Nthawi zina ukasungunuka, akangaude sangatalikitse miyendo umodzi kapena awiri ndipo amakakamizidwa kuzitaya. Miyendo yotayika imabwezeretseka mu molts wotsatira.
Pakatikati pa molting, akangaude nthawi zambiri amataya tsitsi loteteza pamimba. Amadziwikanso ndi kukana kudya nthawi yayitali asanasungunuke, mu akangaude ang'ono - sabata asanayandikire molting, mwa akulu - kuyambira 1 mpaka 3 miyezi.
Zizindikiro zoyandikira molt:
- kumimba
- kuda kwa kangaude
- mwachitsanzo, akangaude owala bwino Chromatopelma cyaneopubescens, pakati pa molt wachisanu ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, ma paws amatembenukiranso amtambo.
Zikopa zotayidwa ndi akazi nthawi yosungunuka zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu (khungu la umuna); zikopa izi zimathandizira kudziwa kugonana kwa akangaude azaka zoyambira molondola.
Zosintha zomwe zimachitika pa moltingzowonetsedwa ndi zithunzi zingapo. Asanayambe kusungunuka, mtundu wa kangaude ndi wakuda, m'mimba mumadzazidwa kwambiri, kukula kwa kangaude sikokulira. Pa thupi la kangaude, tsitsi limakhala laling'ono; Pambuyo poyungunuka, kangaudeyo amakula kukula, kuwala, tsitsi lakuda pamimba limabwezeretsedwa bwino, pamimba silidzazidwa kwambiri. Ndalama imodzi kumbuyo ikuwonetsa sikelo.
Kutalika kwa moyo
Ma Tarantulas - ojambula omwe amakhala ndi moyo wautali pakati pa ma arthropod onse apadziko lapansi. Kutalika kwa moyo wa akangaude kumatengera kwambiri jenda. Akazi amakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa amuna. Nthawi zambiri, ma tarantulas achimuna atatha msinkhu samatha ndi kufa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi (miyezi, ngati atatha kukwatirana ndi mkazi), pomwe akazi amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka zambiri, kapena ngakhale zaka makumi angapo. Zadziwika kuti nthawi zina (mwina Brachypelma emilia) nditha kukhala ndi zaka 30 kapena kupitilira [ gwero losavomerezeka? ] .
Akangaude ena onse amoyo amatengera kutentha kwa zomwe zili komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya - pochedwa kudyetsa, mutha kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono nthawi yamoyo, nthawi yozizira metabolism imacheperanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono chitukuke.
Kuswana
Amuna ambiri amatha msinkhu pamaso pa akazi. Zizindikiro za amuna achikulire a mitundu yambiri ndi "mababu" (cymbium, chidebe chapadera chomwe chili pamtunda wa ma pedipalps) ndi ziboko za tibial pamphumi. Amuna okhwima mwakugonana amaluka umuna, pomwe umuna umasungidwa ndipo cymbium imadzaza ndi madzi.
Mwamuna ndi mkazi akamakula amakumana, amapanga miyambo “yazikhalidwe” zopangidwira kuwonetsa kuti ndi amtundu womwewo. Pakukhwima, yamphongo imatenga chichewa chachikazi ndimakokole a tibial ndipo, pogwiritsa ntchito milomo, imasinthira madzi amkatiwo mwa mkazi. Pakukhwima ndikukhwima, mkazi wanjala amatha kukhala wankhalwe ndikudya wamwamuna; ngati zikuyenda bwino, wamwamuna amayesetsa kusiya mkaziyo momwe angathere. Pakatha miyezi yochepa, wamkazi amaikira coco, kutengera mitundu, yomwe ili ndi mazira 50 mpaka 2000. Coco amatetezedwa ndi mkazi kwa masabata 6-7. Nthawi yonseyi, wamkazi amakhala pafupi ndi cocoon ndipo amakhala wankhanza kwambiri. Yaikaziyo "imagwiranso" nkhosayo: kuisintha ndipo nthawi zina imatembenuza. Kenako, ma nymphs amawaswa m'mazira, omwe amasiya cocon patatha masiku angapo.
Zina
Pamene kangaude wamitundu yambiri akamakalamba, mtundu wawo umasintha kwambiri. Komanso, zinthu zambiri zakunja zomwe zimasiyanitsa mitundu ya tarantulas zimafotokozedwa kwambiri mu mphuthu za mitundu yoyamba, ndipo zimawonekera pang'onopang'ono ndi zaka.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kwakhala kwachilendo kusungitsa tarantulas kunyumba ngati ziweto zosowa. Ma tarantulas ena amagwidwa chifukwa cha izi mwachilengedwe, koma ambiri amawagulitsa mu ukapolo. Akangaude akutchuka chifukwa cha kuphweka komanso kuphweka kwa zinthu [ gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 2424 ], komanso mitengo yotsika mtengo kwambiri yazodyetsa ndi akangaude okha (makamaka miphutsi ya akangaude).
Pafupifupi chidziwitso chonse cha sayansi ya tarantulas yomwe tikudziwitsanso masiku ano idapezeka chifukwa chakuwerenga akangaude omwe anali mndende, ndipo gawo laling'ono lokha - malinga ndi zomwe adawawona m'malo awo.
Terrarium
Kugwiritsa ntchito malo oyandikira kwambiri komanso oyandikira kwambiri ndikosayenera. Kangaude aliyense amayenera kusungidwa mumtsuko wina, chifukwa pamakhala chiopsezo cha cannibalism. Kupatula kokha kungapangidwe kwa akangaude a nymph, komanso kwa awiriawiri a tarantulas mukamakula komanso mitundu yaying'ono ya "pagulu". Nthawi zambiri, coconut substrate (khungwa la coconut lophwanyika) kapena vermiculite yokulitsidwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dothi la terrarium. Kangaude wowotcha amafunika gawo lokhazikika, chifukwa mtunduwu umakhala nthawi yayitali mobisa, koma pankhaniyi simungaonepo kangaude. Pali njira ina. Mutha kudzaza malo opotera potengera gawo laling'ono, koma muyenera kupereka kangaude ndi pogona, mwachitsanzo, theka la mphika wamaluwa, koma pankhaniyi kangaudeyu samamvanso bwino, ndipo kuwoneka kwaukali ndikotheka chifukwa cha mantha komanso kusowa kwachilengedwe. Maonekedwe amitengo imafunika kukhalapo kwa matalala kapena khungwa, ngati pobisalira. Akangaudewo amasunthira mosavuta galasilo, chifukwa cha ichi teraraum iyenera kukhala ndi chivindikiro.
Kutopa ndi Maphunziro
Sizingatheke kuphunzitsa kapena kuletsa ma tarantulas m'njira yodziwika bwino ya mawu. Ngakhale tarantula yofunda kwambiri imatha kuluma mwininyumbayo ngati ikuwona zoopsa [ gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 2424 ]. Ngakhale zitakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, mavuto nthawi zambiri amakhudzana ndi kulimbana ndi kangaude wa akangaude. Pankhani imeneyi, sikulimbikitsidwa kutenga kangaude m'manja. Alangizi a kangaude waluso amalangizidwa kuchita ziwonetsero zonse mu terariamu mothandizidwa ndi ma tilevi amtali. Nthawi zambiri zimadziwika kuti ma tarantulas, omwe nthawi zambiri amatengedwa muubwana, amakhala odekha kwa anthu, koma machitidwe oterewa ayenera kutanthauziridwa ngati chiphokoso chochepa cha zomwe anthu amachita.
Kumene adachokera
Dzina la "kangaude wa tarantula" lidayamba chifukwa cha zolemba zingapo, zojambulidwa ndi wofufuza waku Germany - nyama yanyama Maria Sibylla Merian ndipo adasindikiza kutengera zomwe adakhalapo ku Suriname (1699-1701) pantchito "Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium" (1705), pomwe adawonera ngati tarantula yayikuluAvicularia sp.) adakumana ndi hummingbird mchisa.
Mavuto kutanthauzira mawu
Mu zilankhulo zingapo za ku Europe, ma tarantulas, ndipo nthawi zina akangaude onse akulu, amatchedwa tarantula. Ku Russia, liwu loti tarantula limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza kangaude wa gulu losiyana pang'ono, makamaka, kuphatikizapo South Russia tarantula, yomwe ili ponseponse kumwera kwa Russia. Pankhani imeneyi, chisokonezo nthawi zambiri chimachitika ndi kutanthauzira kosasinthika kwa malembedwe. M'masiku amakono azachuma a taxa "tarantulas" ndi "tarantulas" samadutsana, tarantulas ndi kangaude, ndipo tarantulas ndi araneomorphic.
Zina
- Chachikulu kwambiri chimaganiziridwa Theraphosa blondikufika mpaka 28 cm pamtunda wa miyendo (Guinness Book of Record). Malinga ndi zosatsimikizika, anthu amitundu ina, makamaka Theraphosa apophysisitha kukhala ndi miyeso yofanana kapena yayikulu.
- Akangaude, popanda chifukwa chodziwika bwino, amatha kukana chakudya kwa zaka ziwiri.
- Ma tarantulas onse amaluka ukonde. Mitundu yamatabwa imagwiritsa ntchito ukonde pomanga malo okhala (monga "hammock"), mitundu yapadziko lapansi - kulimbitsa nthaka. Zina ndizolinga zina: Kuluka chophimba cha mazira, "chopondera" musanadyetsedwe, ndi zina), komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mu tarantulas, makamaka, komanso maulamu a semalomorphic (Mygalomorphae) yonse, ndizosintha popanda kusintha ndipo sizinakhazikike pamlingo wotere , monga momwe kangaude wina wapamwamba kwambiri wa araneomorphic (Araneomorphae).
- Tarantulas amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza arachnophobia.
- Mitundu ina ya akangaude imalowa pansi pamadzi.
Mbiri yakale ya mitundu ndi dzina
Kwa nthawi yoyamba adadziwika kwa anthu wamba ngati ngwazi ya chithunzichi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'zaka za XVIII, ndi anthu ochepa omwe adakwanitsa kuchoka ku Europe kupita ku America osadziwika. Koma wojambula aku Germany, Maria Sibylla Merian, ndi m'modzi wa iwo. Paulendo wake wopita kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa South America ku Suriname, adawona chochitika chosangalatsa, chomwe adamuwonetsera chinsalu.
Chithunzicho chinajambulidwa ndi kangaude, kwinaku akuwombera magazi amodzi pang'ono. Azungu sanakhulupirire mwachangu kuti arthropods amatha kudya mbalame kapena nyama zazing'ono. Koma popita nthawi, izi zidapeza mboni zokwanira. Chifukwa chake dzina la ma tarantulas lidakhazikika mu mitundu iyi ya akangaude.
Mpaka pano, asayansi amasiyanitsa mitundu ingapo yamtunduwu wa arthropods, omwe, malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, amatha kufikira mabanja chikwi.
Kodi kangaude wa tarantula kamawoneka bwanji?
Masiku ano, ma tarantulas ndi otchuka kwambiri, makamaka ngati ziweto. Anapambana chikondi chachikulu pakati pa okonda ziweto zosowa ndi mawonekedwe awo achilendo. Ndipo ali nazo zowala kwambiri komanso zosaiwalika.
Thupi ndi miyendo ya tarantulas imakutidwa ndi villi yayitali. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kukhala yosiyana mitundu iliyonse.
ZOSANGALITSA! Mukukula, kukula kwa kangaude kumangokulira. Ukalamba wa arthropods, wowala bwino ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wake udzakhala.
Monga oimira onse a arthropod, thupi la tarantulas limapangidwa ndi cephalothorax ndi m'mimba. Maso asanu ndi atatu amapezeka pa cephalothorax, ndipo pali tiziwalo tating'ono pamimba. Chifukwa cha chinsinsi chawo, akangaude awa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti.
Mu akangaude, thupi limakutidwa ndi chotupa cholimba. Imateteza nthawi yomweyo mkati mwa kangaude, komanso imathandizira minofu ya miyendo.
Chifukwa cha izi, ma tarantulas amakula kokha pakati pa molts. Panthawi imeneyi, amataya exoskeleton, ndipo ma cell amthupi nthawi imeneyi amagawikana mwachangu kwambiri. Milingo ya munthu wamkulu imayambira 4 mpaka 12 cm. A Popeza kukula kwa miyendo, ma tarantulas amatha kufikira masentimita 30.
ZOSANGALITSA! Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kosakanikirana ndi kupukutira, ma tarantulas sangakhale ndi nthawi yogwetsa nembanemba kuchokera kumphepete. Chifukwa chake mwachilengedwe, amapatsidwa mphamvu yotulutsa miyendo “yosalimba”. Pofika pang'onopang'ono mozungulira mutha kulowa mwa munthu wamkulu, miyendo yonse imasinthika. Zinthu zochititsa manyazi zotere ndizosowa, koma nthawi zina zimachitika. Eni ake a kangaude wakunja ayenera kudziwa za izi kuti asawopenso.
Poyamba, zitha kuwoneka kuti malekezero a tarantulas ali ndi awiriawiri. Koma kwenikweni, monga akangaude onse wamba, ali ndi miyendo isanu ndi itatu yokha. Kuphatikiza apo, amasiyanitsa chelicera awiri, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma tarantulas kukumba pansi, kuwukira ndikusinthira nyama. Mitundu ina mwa iwo imakhala ndi tiziwalo timene timabisala poizoni. Komanso, akangaude ali ndi maulendo awiri omwe amayendetsa gawo la kukhudza. Ndi thandizo lawo, ma arthropod amawongolera bwino m'malo.
Avicularia purpurea
Tarantula waku South America amadziwika ndi mtundu wakuda, womwe umamuthandiza kubisala, udzu, mitengo komanso pansi padenga la nyumba. Koma zikavulidwa ndi tsitsi la avicular padzuwa mwachindunji, zimayamba kunyezimira kwambiri. Anthuwa si ankhanza, koma ofatsa, komanso osadzitukumula pakusamalira komanso chakudya. Chifukwa cha zonsezi pamwambazi, ndizofala kwambiri m'mizinda yakunyumba.
Zochita ndi machitidwe
Akangaude ambiri amakhala okha, osadzuka. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'misasa. Munthu wodyetsedwa bwino sangathe kutuluka kwawo kwa miyezi ingapo.
Mosiyana ndi oimira ena a arthropod, ma tarantulas nthawi zambiri sagwiritse ntchito ma capubs kugwira nyama yawo. Kukula kopatsa chidwi ndi zodukiza zowopsa zimaloleza akangaude kuteteza wozunzidwayo pachitetezo, ndikuchichotsa popanda zovuta.
Ngakhale akangaude awa ndi nyama zomwe amadya, zakudya zawo ndizambiri zazing'ono, mphutsi zazing'ono ndi akangaude. Pamasiku opambana, ma tarantulas amatha kudya anapiye, ana, mbewa, njoka zazing'ono ndi nsomba. Koma nyama yoteroyo ndiyovuta kugaya m'matumbo awo. Chifukwa chake, arthropods amakonda nyama yaying'ono.
Ma guaranteed ndi ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse pakati pa abale awo. Nthawi zambiri, ma arthropod amenewa amakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 20. Ngakhale ena a iwo amapambana modekha ngakhale zaka zopitilira makumi atatu.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Gulu la arachnids limasiyana siyana ndipo limaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ya mitundu. Asayansi amawawerenga kwinakwake pafupifupi miliyoni. Akangaude ndi amodzi okha mwa maguluwa, ndipo ngakhale ali ocheperako, sizothandiza pachokha kuti amawatengedwa kuti ndi zolengedwa zopanda vuto. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa oimira infra-oda migalomorphic.
Pafupipafupi amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amakhala wamkulu kwambiri wa abale awo, komanso amasiyana pakapangidwe kamwa chelicera (mawuwo amamasuliridwadi: maula azungu, omwe amati china chake chokhudza cholinga ndi kapangidwe kake). Mu akangaude awa, amagwirizanitsidwa ndi tiziwiti tambiri timene timatseguka, timabowo.
Banja la tarantulas ndilimodzi mwazinthu izi. Mamembala ake ndi akulu kwambiri. Zimachitika kuti m'miyendo yambiri kukula kwawo kumafikira 27 cm komanso kupitilira zizindikirazo.
Zonse mitundu ya tarantulas ndi oopsa, koma okhala ndi zoopsa zosiyanasiyana. Zina zimakhala zopanda vuto, koma zambiri ziyenera kuwonedwa kukhala zowopsa. Monga lamulo, kuluma kwawo sikungaphe munthu wamkulu wathanzi, koma kumayambitsa kupweteka kwambiri ndipo kumatha kubweretsa kukomoka, kutentha thupi ngakhalenso kuyembekezera.
Podzitchinjiriza, tarantula imatha kutaya tsitsi kuchokera m'manja mwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asamve
Kuphatikiza apo, zoyipa zakupha za zolengedwa zomwe zafotokozedwazo zimatha kukhala za ana ndi nyama zazing'ono.
Mwamwayi, zolengedwa zoterezi sizimachitika ku Europe, kupatula kuti mitundu ina imakhala ku Portugal, Spain, Italy ndi madera pafupi ndi mayiko awa. Komabe, pokhudzana ndi ma kontinenti ena, apa mulifupi wa akangaude awa ndi ochulukirapo.
Kupatula apo, pafupifupi anthu ambiri kum'mwera kwa America ndi Africa, ali ponseponse ku Australia komanso kuzilumba zoyandikana ndi tawuni iyi.
Mu chithunzithunzi tarantula munthu amatha kuwona kuti mawonekedwe a zolengedwa zotere ndizachilendo komanso ndizosowa. Mapazi abwinobwino a akangaude oterewa amapangitsa chidwi kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, zowoneka bwino zimapezeka kuti zolengedwa izi zimakhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi ya miyendo. Amakutidwa ndi tsitsi lowala, lozama komanso lofunikira.
Koma mutapenda mosamala, awiriawiri yekha amawoneka kuti ndi miyendo, ndipo njira zina zinayi, zazifupi komanso zomwe zili kutsogolo, ndi chelicera ndi otchedwa pedipalps.
Makatani a kangaudeyu ndiwosangalatsa komanso wokongola ndi mitundu yake, koma makamaka mtundu wautoto umakhala tarantula molting. Ili ndi gawo losangalatsa komanso lodziwika bwino kwa zinthu zamoyo zoterezi. Thupi lawo limapangidwa ndi cephalothorax - gawo lakunja ndi pamimba, yolumikizidwa ndi jumper yokha. Amakutidwa ndi chitin exoskeleton - membrane wapadera.
Ichi ndi chimango chomwe chimasunga chinyontho nthawi ya kutentha, komanso ngati chida chomwe chimateteza kuti chiwonongeke. Mukasungunuka, imakonzedwanso ndi ina. Koma nthawi yokhayo yomwe nyamayo imakula kwambiri, nthawi zina imachulukitsa kanayi kukulitsa magawo ake.
Panthawi yosungunuka, tarantulas imatha kukula kwambiri
Zamoyo zotere zimadzitama ndi mbali zinayi za maso, zimakhala kutsogolo. Pedipalps amakhala ngati ziwalo zogwira. Chelicera imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka posaka komanso kuteteza, komanso kuwononga nyama ndi kukumba mabowo.
Ndipo tsitsi lakumiyendo liyenera kuonedwa osati zokongoletsera chabe. Awa ndi ziwalo zokonzedwa bwino, ndi chibadwa chake, akumata fungo ndi mawu.
Banja ili ndi oimira ambiri, kuphatikiza mabanja khumi ndi atatu, omwe amagawidwa kukhala mitundu yayikulu (malinga ndi ziwerengero, alipo pafupifupi 143). Mawonekedwe a oimira awo ali ndi mawonekedwe kwambiri, kotero mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri imayenera kufotokozedwa mwapadera.
1. Goliati tarantula - cholengedwa chotchuka chifukwa cha kukula kwake, chomwe, kuphatikiza kutalika kwa miyendo yake, chili pafupifupi masentimita 28. M'mbuyomu, fanizo lofananalo la zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi lidayesedwa lalikulu kuposa akangaude.
Koma chiyambi chomwe cha zana la XXI chidadziwika ndi kupezedwa kwa Heteropoda maxima - wachibale wachidziwikire, akukhala m'malo otentha ndikupitilira goliath ndi masentimita angapo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukula kwake sikumachepetsa.
Utoto wa kangaude woterewu ndi wofiirira, nthawi zina wokhala ndi mithunzi yofiirira kapena yowala. Zamoyo zotere zimakhala m'madambo aku South America. Kulemera kwa amuna amtunduwu kumatha kufika mpaka 170 g.
Goliyati amatengedwa kuti ndi kangaude wamkulu kwambiri
2. Kangaudetarantula wakuda ndi woyera wa brazil. Oyimira zamtunduwu ndizochepa pang'ono kuposa woyamba. Makulu awo nthawi zambiri samapitirira masentimita 23. Amadziwika kuti ndi achikulire kwambiri komanso owala, owoneka bwino, ngakhale amtundu wakuda ndi oyera.
Khalidwe la kangaude ndi losatsimikizirika komanso lokwiyitsa. Nthawi zambiri zolengedwa zotere zimabisala pakati pamiyala komanso pansi pa mitengo, koma nthawi zina zimasambira munthaka.
3. Metal tarantula (mitengo) ndiwodziwika bwino yemwe amapezeka kokha kumwera kwa India. Koma pamenepa, kangaude wa opangidwayo akuwonekera osati ndi kukula kwake, kukula kosaposa 21 cm, koma mwa kuwala ndikuwonekera, kukongola kowoneka bwino.
Thupi lake ndi miyendo yake ndi ya buluu yokhala ndi chitsulo chosakanizira, chokongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Zamoyo zoterezi, zomwe zimalumikizana m'magulu, zimakhala pakati pa mitengo yakale yovunda.
4. Brachypelma Smith Ndi mtundu womwe umapezeka kumwera kwa United States komanso ku Mexico. Kukula kwa kangaude kotere nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosaposa masentimita 17. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wakuda kapena woderapo ndi kuwonjezera kwa matuwa ofiira ndi a lalanje, mwazinthu zina zokongoletsedwa ndi m'malire achikasu kapena choyera, tsitsi lalitali pathupi limakhala lofiirira.
Mtunduwu siw poizoni wowopsa ndipo suwonedwa ngati wankhanza.
Mu chithunzi, kangaude wa Brachipelm Smith
Ponena za kukula kwake kwa tarantulaIzi zatchulidwa kale. Koma magawo anaperekedwa poyambirira kutalika kwa miyendo. Komabe, thupi la akangaude akulu kwambiri limakhala ndi masentimita pafupifupi 10, ndipo m'mitundu yaying'ono imakhala yochepera masentimita 3. Tiyeneranso kutchula zachilendo za ma tarantulas omwe ali ndi zaka komanso kusintha mtundu wawo akamakula.
Moyo & Habitat
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya akangaude awa imazika mizu m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mwa oimira awa, omwe amakhala m'malo owuma komanso zipululu amadziwika. Pali mitundu ina yomwe imakonda nkhalango zoyenda ndi chinyezi chake.
Mitengo yamtengo wamtengo Amakhala masiku awo pachitsamba ndi mitengo, m'makona awo pakati pa nthambi. Amakuluka matchubu ndikuzikulunga m'machubu. Ena amakonda malo olimba ndipo ndi m'malo ano pomwe amafunafuna pobisalira. Pali mitundu yambiri ya akangaude omwe amakumba mabowo awo, omwe amapita pansi pa nthaka. Amatseka zolowa zawo ndi ma cobwebs.
Ma Tarantulas amatha kukhala mu burrows (burrows) ndi mitengo
Kuphatikiza apo, malo okhala zolengedwa izi makamaka zimatengera gawo la chitukuko cha munthu. Mwachitsanzo, pokhala mphutsi, imakhala masiku ake mdzenje, ndipo ikakula, imayamba kupita pansi (izi zimachitika m'mitundu yamitengo yamtundu ndi padziko lapansi). Ndiye kuti, mawonekedwe amachitidwe akamakula ndi okhwima mu akangaude awa amatha kusintha.
Ponena za kukula kwa zinthu zamoyozi. Akangaude atsopano omwe angobadwa kumene kuchokera ku mazira amatchedwa nymphs. Munthawi yakutukuka imeneyi, nthawi zambiri samamva kufunika kwa chakudya.
Kuphatikiza apo, nymphs, zomwe zimakhala ndi mults, pomwe chamoyo chimakula mwachangu, chimasanduka mphutsi (ndichizolowezi chotchedwa kangaude mpaka atakula).
Tsitsi lophimba thupi la zolengedwa zotere limakhala lodzadza ndi poizoni. Kwa eni awo, izi ndizothandiza kupeza, zomwe adalandira kuchokera kwa amayi. Njira zoterezi za tarantulas zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza zisa, kuzilumikiza mu intaneti.
Komanso, poyembekezera ngozi, amabalalitsa tsitsi lozungulira poyizungulira, potero kudziteteza. Ngati alowa mthupi atakhazikika, ngakhale munthu atha kuwonetsa zowawa: kufooka, kuchepa mphamvu, mphamvu yakhungu - zonsezi ndi chizindikiro cha kugundana.
Akangaude a Tarantula sakhala mafoni kwenikweni. Ndipo ngati aphwanya lamuloli, ndiye pokhapokha ngati pali chifukwa chomveka. Mwachitsanzo, ma tarantulas achikazi, ngati adyetsedwa, amatha kukhala m'misasa mwawo kwa miyezi ingapo. Koma ngakhale anthu anjala sanasunthe komanso odekha. Ali m'mabisalira awo ndipo amasaka nyama.
Kudya nkhuku kunyumba: kusamalira ndi kukonza
Kulera kangaude koteronso ndikofunika chifukwa mumikhalidwe yanyumbayo ndikosavuta kuwona zizolowezi zamoyozi. Komanso, ndizovuta kwambiri kuchita izi kuthengo.
Chifukwa tarantula ndikofunikira kuti pakhale gawo lowerengeka lalitali, lophimba lomwe, aliyense payekhapayekha ayenera kukhala osiyana, popeza ziweto zotere zimatha kudyerana. Pansi pa beseniyo pali mabatani a kokonati.
Muyeneranso kupaka kangaude momwe muli poto wa maluwa. Kwa mitundu yamatanda, zidutswa za khungwa kapena dothi loterera zimafunika. Monga chakudya, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo: mphutsi za ufa, crickets, maphemwe, ntchentche.
Kugwira mitundu yambiri ya ziweto zotere, poona kuwopsa kwawo, sikulimbikitsidwa kwenikweni. Ndipo ndendende chifukwa chowopseza thanzi, ndibwino kuti tisunge mitundu yokhala ndi phokoso.
Mwachitsanzo, pochita izi, akatswiri amalimbikitsa aku Chile tarantula ofiira. Ili ndi utoto wokondweretsa, wosakhala wankhanza komanso wosakhala wowopsa.
Spider Wofiyira wa ku Chile
Kangaude wotere ndikotheka kutola. Akamva chiwopsezo, nthawi zambiri samaluma ndipo sachita chiwopsezo, koma amayesa kubisala. Kwa okonda zosowa za novice, cholengedwa ngati kangaude woyamba ndizoyenera.
Mitundu ya Tarantulas
Malinga ndi moyo wa ma tarantulas onse amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: nthaka ndi nkhuni. Zoyenda panthaka zimaphatikizapo akangaude omwe amakumba mabowo kapena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito pobisalira pansi pa nthaka, awa ndi:
- Brachypelma (Brachyelma),
- Gramstol (Grammostola),
- Laziodora (Lasiodorа),
- Terafosa (Terusha).
Woody amakhalanso moyenera pamitengo, koma izi zimagwira ntchito kwa achikulire okha. Ana amitengo yamitengo amakhala pamtunda kapena m'minyewa. Mitundu yamatabwa ndi yokongola kwambiri komanso yowala. Izi ndi:
- Avicularia (Avicularia),
- Pecilotheria (Poеcilotheria),
- Tapinauchenius (Tarinauchenius),
- Stromatopelma (Stromatorelma).
Zowona, palinso mitundu yamphanga yopanda maso, koma iyi ndi nkhani yosiyana.
Tarantula Theraphosa blondi
Maonekedwe a tarantulas
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tarantulas imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Mimba zawo, zazikulu komanso zotentha, zimalowa m'mutu waukulu kwambiri. Ma pawawo ndifupika, olimba komanso atali. Mimba imakutidwa ndi tsitsi lapoizoni lomwe limateteza, lomwe amalipanga ndikulitaya ngati kuli pangozi. Amakulowetsa tsitsili, kenako amateteza chisa chawo.
Ndikofunika kudandaula za kupeza tsitsi pakhungu, makamaka m'maso. Chifukwa chake, osawerama pamwamba pa bwalo lotseguka.
Mitundu yamitengo imakhala ndi thupi komanso miyendo yolumikizika, yayitali kwambiri, cephalothorax yawo ndi yotakata, matumbo awo ndi afupia komanso amakula. Ma tarantulas aku America amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi tsitsi lalitali thupi. Poyerekeza ndi iwo, anzawo ambiri ku Asia ndi ku Africa amawoneka ngati duwa!
Utoto wa tarantulas ndiwosiyananso - kuyambira wofiirira wonyezimira mpaka kuphatikiza kowoneka bwino kwamitundu yowala. Pali ma tarantulas achikasu, a bulauni, ofiira, amtambo.