Whale wopha dzina lake sanatchulidwe chifukwa ali ndi china chofanana ndi chinsomba cha wakupha, koma.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
Animal Reader - magazini yapaintaneti yokhudza nyama
Nyama zili ndi mitundu yambiri yazithandizo zomwe chilengedwe chimapereka mowolowa manja kuti zithe.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
Animal Reader - magazini yapaintaneti yokhudza nyama
Ndodo zitatu zam'madzi - tinsomba tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasunga ma Loundrad
https://animalreader.ru/kolyushka-trehiglaya-krohotna ..
M'malo mopera, ndodo yaying'ono yokhala ndi ma spikes kumbuyo kwake imasokonezedwa ndi kusungunuka komwe kumakhala kumpoto.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
White-eared lyotrix: malongosoledwe, moyo ndi mawonekedwe a mbalame m'chilengedwe
Nyimbo yotchedwa white-eared lyotrix ndi mbalame yaing'ono yotuwa ya maolivi yomwe imadziwika kale pansi pa mayina awiri - mesiya wa-silika ndi siliva. Amasiyana mosavuta ndi mitundu ina ya kapu yakuda pamutu pake, masharubu akuda ndi masaya osiliva.
Ndikosavuta kuzindikira ma lyotrix oyera-oyera: nsonga za rasipiberi zamapiko ndi mchira zimawoneka pa thupi la azitona. Ndipo nthenga za imvi zomwe zinali m'makutu zidatipatsa dzina kumtunduwo - mesiya wa siliva.
Wamphongo amakhala ndi mphumi yachikaso, pakhosi komanso pachifuwa chowala ngati lalanje. Kumbuyo kumakutidwa ndi nthenga za imvi zakuda ndi mchenga wamchenga.
Mapikowo ali ndi chingwe chaching'ono chachikaso chokhala ndi malo ena owoneka ofiira. Mchira wautali ndi wakuda kwathunthu. Mawonekedwe a mchira wokhala ndi mbali yayikulu, osapangidwa. Misomali ndi nsonga za nthenga ndi rasipiberi wowala. Nthenga za nthenga zazikazi ndi zofanana ndi zovala za mnzake, koma nthendayo ndi yofiirira, ndipo nthenga zake ndi maolivi achikasu.
Ma lyotrik achichepere ndi ofanana ndi mbalame zachikulire, kupatula kuti nthenga zapamwamba ndi zachikasu. Poyerekeza ndi makolo awo, amawoneka wofatsa kwambiri.
Pakatha miyezi ingapo, anapiyewo amayamba kulima ndipo patapita miyezi itatu amapezeka kuti akula, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ma lyotrik. Maso amtundu wamaso amasiyana kuchokera ku mtundu wa bulauni kukhala mtundu wa bulauni. Beak ndi lalanje wokhala ndi bulauni. Miyendo yachikasu.
White-eared lyotrix (Leiothrix argentauris).
Mitundu yoyera ya m'nkhalango yotentha imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame mwa kukokosera kwake komwe, komwe nthawi zina kumakhala kofananira ndi kwakanthawi. Nyimbozi nthawi zina zimatsagana ndi kufuula kwakukuru. Mitundu yoyera, ikamayimba, nthawi zambiri imagwedeza mapiko awo.
Kugawa kwa Bulot-Eared Lyotrix
Litrix-eyred yoyera imapezeka mdera lalikulu kuyambira Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, Pakistan ndi Indonesia kupita ku Vietnam ndi China. Mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya mbalame zimakhala ku Himalaya kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India (Darjeeling, Sikkim, NEFA), ku Nepal ndi Bhutan. Malo omwe amakhala ndi Burma, South China, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia ndi Peninsula ya Malawi. Mabungwe awiri a Sumatra, Indonesia.
Ma-oyera-eyred lyotriks ndi ubiquitous: m'mapiri, pamapiri, m'nkhalango ndi m'minda.
Habitat ya eyotrix yoyera-yoyera
Mitundu yoyera ya ma whotrixes imakhala malo otseguka. Amakhala m'nkhalangozi, pakati pa tchire laling'ono, nkhalango zobwezerezedwanso, m'nkhalango zamtchire zomwe zimapanga kubzala kwa nkhalango. Munkhalango za mbalamezi zitha kuwoneka kumapeto kwa dambo, ndi m'malo ena owerengeka. Amakhala pakati pa malo owonongeka, minda yosiyidwa ndi minda yamasamba. M'mapiri amakwera mpaka 2100 mamitala pamwamba pamadzi.
Zomwe zimachitika pa mawonekedwe a eyotrix yoyera
Ma lyotrik oyera okhala ndi oyera amakhala m'magulu a mbalame 6 mpaka 30 komanso zochulukirapo. Zimabisala kuthengo, koma nthawi zina zimatalika mpaka kufika pamwamba pa mapiri.
Lyotrix amakonda kubisala kuthengo.
Ma lyotrixes oyera-oyera ndi mbalame zolimbira kwambiri zomwe zimangoyang'ana tizilomboto pafupipafupi. Amatenga masamba osasakanika osakanika poyang'ana masamba am'munsi, ofanana ndi mikanda yolowera nthambi. Mukasuntha kuchoka pamtengo wina kupita kwina, mitengo ya mandala oyera yoyenda imasuntha mwachisawawa, imayendera limodzi ndi mayendedwe ake ndi kuwala kosawoneka bwino. Amapereka chithunzi chokhala ngati mbalame zokaka kwambiri, zomwe zimakonda kuthamanga za mbalame zawo. Nthawi zina amapanga zamatsenga pofuna kuthana ndi adani awo. Kuyambira mu Epulo, mbalame zakhala zikuzungulira, machitidwe a ma-eyotrik oyera oyera amayamba kubwezeretsedwa kwambiri. Munthawi imeneyi, ndizovuta kwambiri kuwona momwe mbalame zimakhalira.
M'nyengo yotentha, ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala pansi, koma nthawi yozizira zimasamuka m'malo okwezeka. Pakusuntha kwa mbalame, zomwe zimatchedwa "mafunde" zimachita chidwi kwambiri ndi owonera - magulu akuluakulu omwe mbalame zimaphatikizana ndikuwuluka ndi thimelias zina. Amesiya ogwiritsa ntchito siliva amakhala nthawi yayitali padziko lapansi. Kuyenda pansi m'nkhalangozi, mbalame zosakhazikika zimayang'ana pansi pa masamba omwe adagwa, kufunafuna tizilombo, kapena kunyamula zipatso zakugwa, njere zambiri. Nthawi ndi nthawi iwo amawulukira kumitengo, kutalika kosaposa mamita asanu.
Kuyambira mu Epulo, mbalame zakhala zikuzungulira, machitidwe a ma-eyotrik oyera oyera amayamba kubwezeretsedwa kwambiri.
Kubwezeretsanso kwa ma whotrix oyera
Nyengo yoswana imatha kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti. Chisa ndi mbale wokhala ndi mainchesi 8.5 komanso akuya masentimita 8. Amapangidwa kuchokera kumasamba a bamboo ndi zinthu zina zomera monga udzu ndi mbewa. Mbalame zolimbikira amazimanga m'masiku anayi. Ngodya yotalika pafupifupi 6 cm imakhala ndi mizu yaying'ono. Chidacho chimapezeka kuthengo kutalika kwake osapitirira 2 metres pamtunda, nthawi zina chimangokhala masentimita pang'ono kuchokera padziko lapansi. Zachikazi nthawi zambiri zimayikira zoyera ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi mazira a bulauni. Makolo onse awiri amamasuka, wamkazi amasinthana ndi wamwamuna.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga dzira loyamba komanso kwa masiku 14. Pakupita milungu iwiri, anapiye amabadwa. Munthawi imeneyi, makolo onse awiri satuluka chisa, koma nthawi zina amangochokapo, mwadzidzidzi atachita chipongwe ndi abale awo okongola. M'mwezi woyamba wa moyo, pamene ana sanakulirebe, makolo amasamalira chakudya cha ana. Pambuyo masiku khumi ndi awiri, anapiye amayamba kupanga ndege zawo zoyambirira. Lyotrix-eyred-eyred amadya zakudya zosakanizika. Mbalame zimadya tizilombo, mbewu, zipatso.
Ma lyotrik oyera oyera amakhala ndi tizilombo, mbewu, zipatso.
Makhalidwe osungira a ma lyotrixes
Lyotrix-eyred ndi mbalame yodziwika bwino m'derali. Mesiya yemwe anali ndi siliva amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri.
Mitengo yoyera ya mbalamezi imayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi okonda mbalame ikaisungidwa mothandizidwa ndi mbalame zina. Imakonda kugwidwa ndi kutumizidwa ku Europe ndi ku United States of America, komwe ma lyotrix amagulitsidwa m malo ogulitsira omwe amatchedwa mesiya wa siliva.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kuchulukitsa
White-taised llaatoato as a mtundu adafotokozedwa posachedwa, mu 1948. Zowonadi ndizakuti kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Australia, komwe mbalameyo imakhala, ina imakhala yodziwika kwambiri, yofanana kwambiri (koma ndi mlomo wautali), tambala ya maliro ndi kulira kwamaso oyera, ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali akatswiri adawona kusintha konseku ngati kopanda tanthauzo. Chisokonezo chowonjezereka chinayamba chifukwa chakuti kufotokozera kwa sayansi ya lungu loyera-loyera kunapangidwa mu 1832 osati pamaziko a zinthu zakuthupi, zomwe, mwa zina, zofunika miyeso, koma pamaziko a chojambula chojambulidwa ndi wojambula Wachingelezi, Edward Lear. Ornithologists a XX century, omwe adaganizira za ntchitoyi, sakanatha kusankha mtundu womwe udawonetsedwa.
Mu 1933, katswiri wazachipatala wa komweko Ivan Karnaby chakumadzulo kwa dera la Mally anapeza gulu lankhondo lomwe lili ndi mikhalidwe yapadera. Mbalamezi, zomwe Karnaby adazitcha "mallee wakuda malogo", zimakhala mchilala chokhala ndi mchenga mkati mwa zitsamba za eucalyptus (dzina ladzikoli lotchedwa biotope ndi scruble ya malley, chikwangwani cha English mallee). Wasayansi uja adatchulapo njira zopezera chakudya chamatumbo a maliro oyera: sanagwiritse ntchito mulomo wawo kutola nthangala mumabokosi a buluzi, koma amakonda kugawa zipatso zowuma, kenako atadyetsa njere zomwe zidayamba kutuluka. Komanso, mlomo wa mbalame kuchokera pagululi linali lalifupi komanso lalifupi kwambiri kuposa mulomo wa anzawo. Zaka 15 pambuyo pake, mu 1948, Carnaby adafotokoza mtundu wina watsopano wa maliro achizunguwo, nadzinena kuti Calyptorhynchus baudinii latirostris . Mutu latirostrisKutumizidwa ndi Carnaby ndikutengera mawu awiri achi Latin: latus (lonse) ndi rostris (-mtundu, mawonekedwe oyesera kuchokera rostrum - mlomo). Mu ntchito zingapo za theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20, mawonekedwe amtunduwo adatumizidwa kwa taxon.
Mabuku ena a m'zaka za zana la 20 lino ali ndi tsatanetsatane tsatanetsatane wa mtundu Callyptorhynchusmalingana ndi momwe tambala-oyera, oyera-oyera ndi achisoni achisoni ndi subgenus Zandandi mutu wofiirira ndi Banks cockatoo kwa osankhidwa Callyptorhynchus . Malinga ndi a John Courtney, magulu onse awiriwa ndi osiyana mgulu la kulira kwa anapiye. International Union for Conservation of Natural inakweza kwambiri msonkho Zanda kwa mtunduwo, potchula Mndandanda Wowonetsera Wa 2014 wa Mbalame za Dziko Lapansi.
Kufotokozera
Mmodzi mwa oimira banja lalikulu kwambiri: kutalika kwa 54-56 masentimita, mapiko pafupifupi 110 cm, kulemera kwa 520-790 g. Mtundu waukulu wa mankhwalawo ndi wakuda ndi mtundu wavy, wopendekera wa utoto wonyezimira, womwe umapangidwa chifukwa cha malire a nthenga m'khosi ndi mawere a m'malire awa ndi onse, otchulidwa.
Pa chisoti chachifumu pamakhala kutalika kwa masentimita 2,5, omwe mbalame yosangalatsayo imafalikira. Pamaso akulu pamayera masamba oyera achikaso oyera. Nthenga zopyera kwambiri zimakhala zachikaso chaching'ono ndi m'mphepete wakuda m'mphepete, ndipo nthenga zapakati pake zimakhala zakuda kwathunthu. Utawaleza ndi woderapo, miyendo ndi yofiirira. Mlomo wake ndiwofupi kwambiri komanso wafupikirapo kuposa wa tambala wokonda kulira kwamtendere.
Kugonana kwa dimorphism kumapangidwa bwino. Kusiyana kowonekera kwambiri kumawonekera mu mtundu wa mulomo ndi khungu lopanda kanthu kuzungulira maso: mwaimuna, mulomo ndi imvi yakuda ndipo mphete za perorbital ndi pinki, pomwe wamkazi, mulomo ndi wamtambo ndipo mphete ndi zaimvi. Kusiyana kwa mapangidwe a manambala: mwa akazi, mawanga m'mbali mwa mutu ndi opepuka ndipo ali ndi malire omveka, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pachifuwa ndi m'mimba amakhala omasuka, amapanga mizere yolimba yopingasa. Pomaliza, miyendo yaikazi imapakidwa utoto wonyezimira. Kukhetsa kumatenga kuyambira Januware -Februuni mpaka Epulo - Meyi, kusintha kwa nthenga za nthenga sikunaphunzire bwino.
Mwa mbalame zazing'ono zazimuna zonse, komanso zazikazi zazikulu, mulomo wopakidwa utoto wamtundu, mphete za periorbital ndi imvi, mtundu wa zulu ndi kutukuka pang'ono kwa mikonzi yoyera. Amathanso kusiyanitsidwa ndi kulira kopemphera. Mitundu yakunja ya amuna imayamba kuwonekera kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo ndikupeza mawonekedwe okalamba pazaka ziwiri.
Khalidwe pamagulu
M'zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi 100 zoyambirira za zaka za zana la 20, pomwe kuchuluka kwa tambala tidali kwambiri, owonerera adalemba za mbalame zazikulu zomwe zimasonkhana m'malo ophera nyama itatha nyengo yakubzala. Ndizosatheka kunena mosasamala ngati linali funso lachiyera-chokhala ndi maliro-oyera kapena oyera-panthawiyo - mitundu yonseyo idadziwika ngati imodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zofananira zonse, komanso Banki 'cockatoo, zimatha kupanga magulu osakanikirana. Chiyanjano chachikulu kwambiri ndizodziwika bwino za mitundu yonse iwiriyo ndipo tsopano, pomwe ntchito zachuma za anthu zawayika pakutha. Olembawo amati mbalameyo ndi yamtendere komanso yosangalatsa, yokhala ndi moyo wosangalala. Pokhala ndi chakudya chochuluka, tambala amapitilira malo amodzi mpaka chakudya chitatha. Monga mitundu ina, mukamadya, mbalame imodzi kapena ziwiri zimakhala pamtunda pamwamba pa mtengo, poyang'anira zomwe zikuzungulira. Wotsogola akafika, amalira mofuula, ndipo gulu lonse limasweka ndikuwuluka. Munthawi ya zisa, agalu nthawi zambiri amasungidwa awiriawiri kapena m'mabanja;
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Zomwe zimapatsa thanzi ndi mbewu ya mabanja a mitengo: Banksia, Grevillea, Hackey (Hakea), mpaka pang'ono mbewu za bulugamu ndi corymbia (Corymbia) Kuphatikiza pa mbewu, mbalame zimadyanso zipatso zazikuluzikulu (kuphatikiza ma sheffler) ndi timadzi tokongola ta maluwa (kuphatikiza callistemon), komanso mphutsi zazomera zomwe zimakhwima pamaluwa ndi zipatso. Mosiyana ndi hologlazogo wolemera ndi pinki cockatoo, omwe atukuka chifukwa cha chitukuko cha ulimi, oyera-ovinidwa alibe chidwi ndi mbewu yambewu, kuchokera ku udzu wokhala kutali ndi maluwa akumaloko, amangodya zipatso za dokowe komanso Emex australis .
Kunja kwa nyengo yakuswana, pamene ma boti okhala ndi mbalameyo amasiyanasiyana, amatha kuchezera minda ya pine yoyaka ndi pine ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komwe imachotsa nthangala za ma cones [comm 1]. Tsamba la Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ku Australia, natchulapo ntchito za olemba osiyanasiyana, latchulapo zikhalidwe zina zomwe zalimidwa kumene kwakhala gwero lachiwiri la chakudya cha mbalame: ma amondi, mitengo ya maapulo, mapeyala, ma Persimmons, ndi ena.Anigozanthos flavidus)akulidwa kuti azikongoletsa. Mafutawa amapezeka kawirikawiri paz korona za mitengo ndi zitsamba, nthawi zambiri amatenga zipatso zakugwa padziko lapansi [comm 2]. Imagwiritsa ntchito mulomo wake wolimba kupera zipatso zouma zolimba, kenako imeza nyemba zomwe zatulutsidwa.
Mbalame zamtchire
Zomera zamatabwa ndiye malo abwino kwambiri mbalame. Amagwiritsa ntchito mitengo yonse yamitengo yamatanda pokhudzana ndi malo okhala chonde komanso pokhudzana ndi chakudya. Miyendo ya mbalame zambiri zokhudzana ndi moyo wamakhalidwe abwino zimakonzedwa kotero kuti zala zaulere zimatsutsana. Izi zimawapatsa mwayi kutalika kwa nthambi kuchokera mbali ziwiri.
Mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zomwe zimasinthidwa kuti zikwere mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo (nuthatch, pikas ndi woodpeckers). Mu mbalame zonse zotere, zikhadabo za zala zimakhala zakuthwa kwambiri komanso zowongoka mwamphamvu. Woodpeckers ndi pikas amagwiritsanso ntchito mchira wokwera, womwe mwanjira ina umathandizira, ndipo mwanjira ina moyenera panthawi yopukutira kutsogolo kwa thupi.
Woodpecker - woimira mbalame zamtchire
European finch, tins ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya mbalame asintha kuti akwere nthambi ndikulendewera pansi. Kukwera mitengo, mbalame zimapeza chakudya chawo. Gawo laling'ono limadzipeza likulemba pogwiritsa ntchito mapiko. Chifukwa chake, mu mbalame zamtchire, kusintha magawo awiri kumatchulidwanso - pakupangika kwamiyendo ndikukula kwamapiko.
Mbalame zotsogola
Pakati pa mbalame zodya nyama, pali mbalame zomwe zimasaka nyama masana masana komanso zimafunafuna mbalame zakuwombera usiku. Mbalame zonsezi zimakhala ndi miyendo yamphamvu, yomwe ili ndi manja akuluakulu, lakuthwa komanso kolimba komanso mulomo wokhotakhota.
Mbalame zamasana zodyera masana zimakhala kumapiri, zipululu, nkhalango, kumapiri, kumapiri. Samadya chakudya chomera konse. Zakudya zomwe amapatsa nyama, mbalame, nsomba ndi tizilombo. Mitundu ina ya nyama zolusa imadyera nyama (ma liva, agwape, chiwombankhanga, agalu, ndi zina), pomwe zina zimangodya nyama zakufa (ming'alu, miimba, miimba, njoka, ndi zina).
Owl - nthumwi ya mbalame zodya nyama
Mbalame zam'madzi ndimadziwe amphepete mwa nyanja
Zomwe chilengedwe chimakhala m'madambo komanso m'mphepete mwa malo osungirako ang'onoang'ono ndizofanana. Chifukwa chake, mitundu ina ya mbalame ndiyodziwika ponseponse pamphepete mwa matupi amadzi ndi m'madzi swamp.
Akasaka chakudya, mbalame zina za mbalame za marsh zimagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yake ngati zikuyenda kwenikweni, pomwe zina zimagwiritsa ntchito mapiko awo.Mu gulu loyambirira la mbalame, miyendo imakhala ndi zizindikilo zingapo: yayitali, yoletsedwa ndi zuluzikulu zolumikizira mafupa a chidacho (chidendene), kutalika kokwanira kumanzere kwamaso, nthawi zambiri yolumikizidwa ndi nembanemba. Zonsezi ndizofananira ndikukhala m'malo okhala ndi nthaka yowoneka bwino komanso kupezeka kwamadzi osaya. Sandpip, herons, cranes, aguluguwa, abakha, oweta masana, ankhandwe ndi ena amakhala m'madambo komanso m'mphepete mwa madzi.
Heron - woimira mbalame za marsh
Mbalame zamtata ndi zipululu
Chifukwa chakuti m'malo otseguka nkovuta kuti mbalame zizikhalamo, momwe zimakhalira ndi mapiri nthawi yayitali miyendo ndi khosi. Chifukwa cha kusinthaku, mbalame zimatha kuyendera malowa ndikuwona njira zomwe adani ambiri amadya.
Mbalame za maponda ndi zipululu zimayenda mtunda waukulu kukasaka chakudya pakati pa masamba, kotero kuti miyendo yake imakhazikika bwino. Kuthawa zoopsa, mbalame zina za mapiri ndi zipululu sizikuuluka koma kuthawa.
Ostrich - woimira mbalame za mbalamezi
Udindo wa mbalame zachilengedwe, kufunikira kwake m'miyoyo ya anthu
Mbalame ndizofunikira kwambiri mwachilengedwe komanso moyo wa munthu. Mwachitsanzo, pamikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, pali ubale wovuta pakati pa mbalame ndi mbewu, mbali imodzi, ndi pakati pa mbalame ndi nyama zina.
Mbalame zimachita mbali yayikulu pakugawidwa kwa mbewu za mbewu. Mitundu ina ya mbalame (timadzi tating'ono, timadontho tam'madzi, ndi zina), kudya timadzi tokoma kapena kuyendera maluwa kuti tigwire tizilombo tomwe timathandizira, zimathandizira kuti maluwa awoloke.
Palinso ubale wina wovuta pakati pa mbalame ndi mitundu ina ya nyama mwachilengedwe. Mitundu ina ya mbalame zodya nyama imadyanso mitundu ina ya mbalame ndipo izi zimakonzekera kusankhidwa.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalamezo imawonedwa, mbalame zikakhala zazing'ono m'magulu akuluakulu (zolengedwa zimakhazikika ndi akhwangwala, ndi mbawala zazitali). Mu izi, mbalame zamphamvu zimaphimba zofowoka. Kupezeka kosalekeza kwa ma mbozi (ndipo nthawi zina mbalame za m'mimba ndi ma jackdaw) kudyetsa ziweto zazinyama zoweta ndi zakutchire zimachitika chifukwa chakuti nyama zazikuluzikulu zimakopa ma dipterans ambiri, zomwe mbalame zimagwira pa ntchentche.
Mbalame zosagwira, monga lamulo, ndizothandiza kwa zomera, chifukwa zimadya mphutsi ndi mbozi za tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, zimavulaza mbewu. Passerines amadya tizilombo tambiri tambiri, zomwe zimabweretsa zabwino kwambiri paulimi ndi nkhalango. Mwachitsanzo, kumeza kumawononga pafupifupi 1 miliyoni pachilimwe. tizilombo, ndi gawo limodzi pachaka - pafupifupi 6.5 miliyoni. mazira a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Komabe, pali mbalame (zodya njuchi, kachilombo ka chikumbu) zomwe zimadya tizilombo toyambitsa mungu: (njuchi, bumblebees, ndi zina) zomwe ndizothandiza kuzomera, zimathyola nthambi zomanga zisa (zikhwangwala), makungwa opanda kanthu ndi mitengo (nkhuni), komanso nkhokwe zachilengedwe za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda munthu.
M'moyo wamunthu, mbalame nazonso ndizofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zimafotokozedwera mu ntchito yayikulu ya nkhuku paulimi ndi mbalame zambiri pochotsa tizirombo taulimi. Mbalame zimayimiranso mtengo wamalonda ndi zokongoletsera.
Ntchito zachilengedwe zimasungidwa ndi malo osungira nyama pakusamalira mitundu ya mbalame zosowa
Poganizira zabwino zomwe mbalame zimabweretsa, anthu amayesetsa kuziteteza. Malo osungirako nyama ndi malo osungira nyama ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri kuteteza mbalame. Kuteteza mbalame zachilengedwe, osati kuteteza mbalame zachikulire zokha, komanso kuteteza zisa zawo ndizofunikira kwambiri.
M'mafakitale athu mdziko muno muli mbalame zambiri zosowa zomwe zidalembedwa mu Red Book, pakati pawo: pelican, dokowe, chiwombankhanga chagolide, manda a maliro, chiwombankhanga, osprey, peregrine falcon, owl mphungu, bustard, strp. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe akuyembekezera kutha ndikutha kwa mabatani omwe amafunikira malo awo okhala.
Imavutitsa imfa ndikulembedwa mu Red Book la imvi crane, crane belladonna ndi ena okhala kumapeto. Chifukwa chake, malamulo okhazikitsidwa mdziko lathu otetezedwa ndi nyama ndi ofunika kwambiri pakusamalira mbalame ndi nyama zina.
Kukopa mbalame
Asayansi adatsimikizira kwa nthawi yayitali kuti ndikofunikira osati kungophunzira zopindulitsa ndi zovuta za mbalame, komanso amayesetsa kulimbikitsa ntchito zawo zofunikira. Kukopa mbalame kuminda, minda, minda, mapaki, nkhalango kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino ndikuwonjezera zokolola zamitundu yambiri ndi zokolola m'nkhalango. Mwachitsanzo, kukopa nyenyezi kuchokera kuminda ya beet kumathandizira kuchotsa maudzu.
Pofika zaka za zana lomaliza, nkhalango zachilengedwe za Berdyansk zidapeza luso lokopa nyenyezi pomanga zisa zokumbira kuti ziwononge mchira wa elm. Chochitikachi chimawononga mitengo ya nkhalango nthawi 20 kuposa olemba anzawo ntchito zofananira.
Zitsanzo zina zambiri zimadziwika pamene mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame inkapulumutsa nkhalango kapena mbewu kuchokera kuimfa (mbalame zantchentche zomwe zimachotsa njenjete, ma gull anapulumutsa mbewu ya thonje ku njenjete.
Chifukwa chakuti mbalame nthawi zambiri zilibe malo okwanira zogona, zimafunikira m'dzinja, nthawi yozizira komanso koyambirira kwa nyengo yophatikizira nyumba zopangira mbalame, matebulo, nyumba za mbalame, ndi zina zambiri m'nkhalango, m'mapaki, m'minda ndi m'minda yamasamba. Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka pobzala zitsamba, zomwe ndi malo okhala zisa.
Chofunikira kwambiri kukopa ndi kuteteza mbalame kuti zisafe nthawi yozizira ndikudyetsa kwawo osati kumidzi, komanso m'mizinda. Kuti muchite izi, konzani zodyera m'mapaki, m'minda ndi makonde.
Ulimi wa nkhuku
Ngakhale mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zakutchire (nkhuku, abakha, atsekwe, agalu, ndi zina) zidakhala zaka zingapo zapitazo, ulimi wa nkhuku wafika gawo lofunika pachuma chathu posachedwapa.
Ziweto zimatchedwa mbalame zomwe munthu adazisenda ndikuziwuza bwino panyumba kuti atenge nyama, mazira, fluff ndi nthenga. Monga nkhuku zomwe timabala: nkhuku, abakha, atsekwe, agalu, mapikidwe, mbalame zamtchire, zodumphira, nthiwatiwa ndi swans. Zofunika kwambiri mdziko lathu ndi nkhuku, atsekwe ndi abakha.
Maonekedwe a zodziwika bwino mu Africa
Spyushka wamba ku Africa ndi kadzidzi wautali. M'mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake, imafanana ndi ntchentche ya Ussuri momwe ili, monga ntchentche zina zonse, zokhudzana kwambiri, komabe, imakhala utoto wowala komanso imakhala ndi lingaliro lalitali kwambiri pamiyendo yofiyira, yomwe imawoneka ngati yapendekeka. Makamaka a mahatchi achikaziwa ndi othandiza kwambiri pakubweza nyama, kuwalola kuti itayike kumbuyo kwa makungwa a mitengo.
Maso a utawaleza ndi chikaso chowoneka pafupi ndi lalanje mwa akulu ndi mthunzi wachinyamata. Zovala ndi mulomo ndi zofiirira. Tarsus imakhala yopota pafupifupi, koma nthenga zomwe zimakula pamwamba pake sizimalowa zala zake. Kwenikweni ndi chizindikiro ichi chomwe chimasiyanitsa splyuski ndi ma scoops ena.
Tikayerekezera splyushka wamba yaku Africa ndi scoop collared, ndiye kuti spyushka imadziwikanso ndi zazing'ono komanso kusapezeka kwa khosi lowala. Kukula kwa splyushka wamba wa ku Africa kumayambira 16 mpaka 24 masentimita ndipo amalemera kuchokera pa 60 mpaka 135 magalamu.
Spatula yodziwika bwino ku Africa (Otus senegalensis).
Mverani mawu a munthu wamba waku Africa
Kummwera kwa gawo lawo, splyuski amawonekera kumapeto kwenikweni kwa Meyi, ndipo usiku woyamba wodekha ndi wofunda atafika, amayamba kuyimba mawu. Kulira kokweza kwa kusanza komwe kumachitika ku Africa kuno ndikosangalatsa komanso kosasangalatsa (ndikadabwitsanso kawiri ka 20 mpaka 21 min) kubwereza kulira kopemphera kumene. Kufuula kumeneku kumadziwika kuti ndi mawu oti "kugona" nthawi yayitali, chomwe chinali chifukwa cha dzina lachi Russia la mbalameyi.
Monga ma scoops ena, nthawi yachimuna yamphongo ya splyuska imakhala ndi phokoso lalitali, ikubwezeretsa kulira kosiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwa njira, nyimbo za antiphonal (kapena zophatikizidwa) pomwe amuna awiri amodzi akufuula mogwirizana mogwirizana ndi gulu la agologolo.
Chifukwa cha mtundu wake, mitengo ya ma sllyuska ya ku Africa imakhala bwino pamitengo.
Pakati pazomwe zilipo, kuphatikiza kuyimba kwa amuna, mutha kumva kuyanjana kwamtundu wamkazi ndi kwamphongo. Mwa akazi, mawu sakhala omveka kwambiri ngati achimuna, koma kulira kumasiyanitsidwa ndi ziwirizi ndipo kumamveka ngati kamalilime kopanda kugona. Mwambiri, nyimbo za duet zotere zimawoneka ngati kusinthana kwa kulira kwa kwamphongo ndi kulira kwa mkazi amene amamutsatira, ndipo wamkazi amakhala ndi kusweka komvetsa chisoni. Ngati nyengo ili yotentha komanso yotentha, ndiye kuti mawu awo amatha kumveka osati usiku, komanso nthawi ya masana.
Kuphatikiza apo, amakhalanso ndi "nyimbo zina". Mwachitsanzo, nthawi ndi nthawi mumatha kumamva momwe amalira ngati kukuwa kwa mphaka. Anthu okhala kum'mwera kwa masanjowa amatha kusinthasintha nyimbo ndi nyimbo zomwe zili pamalo apamwamba a phokoso loti "fi-b-y-yu-yu" lomwe lili m'malo apamwamba. Nyimbo zawo zobweretsera zimakhala zotsika komanso zofanana ndi "tu = fit-tu-viit."
Nesting African Common Sputus
Nyengo ya nesting ya African splyus ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndipo zimatengera malo. Mwachitsanzo, ku Zimbabwe, nesting imatha kuyambira mu Ogasiti mpaka Novembala. M'madera akum'mwera kwambiri - kuyambira Julayi mpaka February.
Nthawi zambiri, zisa za mbalame zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zisa ndi African spatulae. Kuphatikiza apo, "eni" a chisa amatha kukhala osiyana kwambiri: kuchokera nthumwi za chiwombankhanga zazing'ono mpaka nkhunda. Ngati palibe zisa zosiyidwa, ma splyushka aku Africa amagwiritsa ntchito bwino chilichonse chokhala ngati mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo.
African splyushki bwino kukhala chisa m'maenje osiyidwa. Komanso, pali zochitika zina pomwe African splyushki idakhala pansi pomwe pamiyala. M'malo a mitengo ikuluikulu, nthawi zina zisa zoyambirira za splyuschi zimakumana, zomwe, mwina, zidamupangira iye.
Monga lamulo, mu clutch pamakhala mazira awiri kapena anayi oyera oyera, omwe azimayi amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali. Kuswa kumayamba nthawi yomweyo dzira litaikidwa. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imakhala ngati masiku makumi atatu kuyambira nthawi yoyikira mazira. Kulemera kwa dzira nthawi zambiri pafupifupi magalamu khumi ndi asanu.
Malo Ogawa ndi Habitat of African Common Sputus
Ma splyushki aku Africa amakhala pafupifupi kuzungulira Africa konse kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara. Mbalameyi imakonda chitsamba kapena, monga momwe chimadziwikanso kuti, nsomba yaku South Africa, komanso malo amitengo omwe amadziwika ndi udzu wofunda wapadziko lapansi, savannah ndi nkhalango. Zakhala zikudziwika mobwerezabwereza kuti m'malo omwe mumakhala ma spatula, onse a ku Africa ndi ku Europe, mausiku omwe amakopeka ndi kuyimba kwawo amakhala ndi kukoma kosayiwalika.
Komabe, mbalameyi siimabwera m'maso, ngakhale igawidwe kwambiri komanso kuonekera mosavuta. Nthawi yozizira, Splyushka amakonda kuti asachoke pabowo.
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Mtembo wokhala ndi mutu wachikasu ndi mbalame yaying'ono yokhala ndi maonekedwe owala achikasu amutu ndi chifuwa, kumaso kuli chigoba chopangidwa ndi nthenga zakuda.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa mtembo wamaso achikasu
Mtembo wokhala ndi mutu wachikasu ndi mbalame 20 mpaka 25cm kutalika ndi 65 magalamu kulemera. Zowanda za amuna akuluakulu zimakhala zakuda, mutu ndi kutsogolo kwa chifuwa ndi chikaso chowoneka bwino, pamapiko pali malo oyera oyera omwe amawonekera pothawa komanso mbalame yomwe amakhala.
Malingana ndi mtundu wamitundu yayitali ya mitembo yamutu wachikasu, ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame. Chachikazi chimakhala ndi mtundu wowoneka wa bulauni wokhala ndi mikwaso yoyera, mutu ndi chifuwa chake zimakhala zachikaso. Amawoneka ndi nsidze zazing'ono zachikaso ndi mtundu womwewo wa pakhosi ndi chifuwa. Achinyamata ndi ofanana ndi akazi.
Kugawa mtembo wamutu wachikasu
M'nyengo yotentha, mtembo wokhala ndi chikasu kumaso amapezeka kumpoto chakumadzulo - pakati Canada ndi United States of America. Dera lake limafikira kumadzulo kwa Briteni, kupitirira kumwera kudutsa pakati pa West Coast mpaka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa California. M'mphepete chakum'mawa, mtembo wokhala ndi chikasu umakhala kuchokera kumadzulo kwa Ontario kupita kumpoto kwa Missouri. M'nyengo yozizira, imatha kupezeka ku California, Texas, komanso ku Mexico ndipo nthawi zina ku Costa Rica.
Mtembo wokhala ndi mutu (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus).
Makhalidwe opaka matupi achikasu
Amuna a mtembo wamaso achikasu ndi oyamba kuwuluka kupita kumalo osungirako zinyama ndi malo okhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Zazikazi zimawonekera m'masiku ochepa, abwenzi awo nthawi imeneyi amakhala pamtunda wa zomerapo ndi michira yofiyira ndi mapiko, ndikutsegula mulomo wawo ndiku "kuyimba".
Tsoka ilo, nyimbo za mtembo wamutu wachikasu sizikumveka konse. Mbalameyi imamveka mawu afupiafupi, owoneka ngati mkokomo wachitsulo chosemphana ndi chitsimikizo cha mbalame. M'madambo a Wyoming, mtembo wamaso achikasu umakhala pamakola a mabango, kuwonetsa mawonekedwe ake agolide padzuwa.
Mwakachetechete, mwamunayo amatsegula mchira wake wowala. Pomwe bwenzi lake likuwonera, adakulitsa mapiko ake, ndikuyitanitsa kutala. Kenako, atawerama, kuti mutu wake wagolide usakhudze mchira wake, amatsegula mulomo wake ndikupanga mawu onyansa kwambiri omwe mbalame imapanga.
Ngakhale otsutsa odandaula kwambiri amavomereza kuti, ngati woyimba, mtembowo wokhala ndi mutu wachikaso mwachionekere sizinachitike, ndipo makonsati ake amakopa akazi okha. Wasayansi W. L.
A Dawson adalongosola nyimbo ya mtembo wamutu wachikaso ngati "kulira kwa zowawa zomwe zili zoyenera kuphika." Zikuwoneka kuti wolemba wopitilira m'modzi yemwe adalongosola za kukhwima kwa mbalame zamkwawa ndi maiwe omwe adaluka ndi mabango sizingathandize koma kutsindika kusiyana pakati pamwambo wodabwitsa wa chibwenzi ndi kuyimba koyipitsitsa.
Akazi amafika kumapeto kwa malo ogona kuposa amuna. Zokongoletsa za mutu wachikasu, zomwe zimakhala m'malo atsopano, sizithamangitsa mbalame zazing'ono kuchokera kwa ana akale. Amalolera kuti abale awo akhale ndi moyo, zomwe zimawathandiza kukopa zazikazi zomwe zimakwatirana ndi wamwamuna wina komanso kudyetsa ana atsopano.
Kubwezeretsa mtembo wamutu wachikaso
Mitembo yokhala ndi mutu wachikasu nthawi zambiri imakhala m'malo. Yaikazi imamanga chisa chachikulu m'mabango pamwamba pa madzi. Chimawoneka ngati mbale yokhala ndi makoma akuda a zitsamba ndi masamba ndipo imapachikidwa patali pa 0.
3-1. Mita 8 kuchokera pamadzi. Ntchito yomanga chisa imatenga masiku awiri kapena anayi.
Kubwatcha kumatenga masiku 11-13. Mikwingwirima imawoneka yatsopano. Pambuyo masiku 9-12 amachoka chisa.
Makolo onsewa amadyetsa ana. M'masiku anayi oyamba, amangoponya chakudya cholocha pakamwa pawo. Kudyetsa pafupipafupi kumatengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe makolo amabwera ndi chisa.
Makutu otupa achikasu amatha kudyetsa ana amodzi nthawi imodzi, ndipo kawiri.
Zojambula zamtundu wamunthu wachikasu
Mitembo yokhala ndi mutu wachikasu m'makola, nthawi zina imakhala yayikulu kwambiri. Izi ndi mbalame zam'mapiri, makamaka nthawi yakubzala. Mbalame zimakhazikika pafupi ndi madzi akuya ndipo zimakhalira limodzi ndimapiko ofiira, omwe amaphimbidwa kuti akakhale madambo osaya.
Kukongoletsedwa ndi mutu wachikasu ndizofala ku North America, komanso ku Central America.
Madzi akuya amateteza kwa nyama zodya nyama monga nkhanu ndi mbewa, ndipo kukhala m'midzi kumachepetsa mwayi wowukiridwa ndi akambuku komanso akhwangwala. Cholepheretsa chilichonse chomwe chikuwuluka pafupi kwambiri ndi nyanjayo chimayang'anizana ndi mtambo wonse wa mbalame zakuda ndi zachikasu zomwe zimasunga malire a malo awo. Pakadali pano, zilombo zokhala ndi thukuta zimakonda kuchoka kumalo odyera alendo gulu lankhondo lowoneka ngati chikasu lisanafike.
Popanda kusamukira, abambo nthawi zambiri amapanga zoweta zomwe zimayendayenda mosiyana ndi zazikazi komanso zazing'ono zazing'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, mitembo yokhala ndi chikaso chaubweya imapanga gulu lalikulu limodzi ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame.
Kufunika kwachuma kwa mtembo wamutu wachikasu kwa anthu
Mitembo yokhala ndi chikasu imawononga tizirombo ta mbewu zaulimi, mwakutero ikulitsa zipatso. Mbalamezi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera dzombe. Chapakatikati, mitembo yokhala ndi chikasu imadyera nthangala za chimanga zomwe alimi adabzala m'minda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zisamawonongeke.
Mitembo yokhala ndi chikasu imavulaza mbewu zaulimi.
Chitetezo ngati mtembo wamutu wachikasu
Mitembo yokhala ndi mutu wachikasu ndiyofalikira paliponse pazamoyo. M'madera akummawa ndi pakati paudzu, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mbalame kumawonedwa. Koma kwakukulu, kuchepa kwa chiwerengero chaanthu omwe ali ndi mutu wakuthengo m'mitundu yoposa 2% pachaka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa malo kunapezeka.
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