Monga bluefin, barracuda amapeza nyama yake kudzera pakuwona. Komabe, mosiyana ndi Lufar, barracuda nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa, ndipo zolakwika zake zatsimikizira mobwerezabwereza - kwa anthu. Milandu yambiri yomwe timadziwa yokhudza kuvutitsidwa kwa barracuda kwa anthu - ndipo pali milandu makumi anai yotere - zikuwoneka kuti ndi chifukwa chakuti barracuda adatenga gawo la zovala zosambira kapena zovala za nsomba zazing'ono, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati chakudya chake.
Ponena za kuukira kwa barracuda pa anthu, nthawi zonse amatanthauza otchedwa barracuda wamkulu (Sphyraena barracuda) - yayikulu kwambiri yamitundu 20 yomwe imakhala m'madzi otentha komanso otentha kwambiri. Barracuda wamkulu, wamtali mamita 1.8 ndipo wolemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 45, ali wofanana kwambiri ndi pike yayikulu yokhala ndi nsagwada zazitali, zokhala ndi mano, zopanda mano. Thupi la barracuda ndi lochepa kwambiri kotero kuti sungathe kuliona pamphumi, nsomba iyi imakhala ndi chizolowezi chosasangalatsa mwadzidzidzi, kuonekanso mwadzidzidzi ndikusowa, ndikuwonekeranso ndi mbali yayikulu.
Barracuda ali ndi dzina loyipa. Lermond, yemwe analemba za barracuda mu Science of the sea magazine, yofalitsidwa ndi US Navy, amachitcha kuti ndizabwino kwambiri komanso “zowopsa,” ndipo a L. L. Mowbray, katswiri wodziwika bwino wa nsomba, analemba m'magazini ya Novembala ya New Bulletin York Zoological Society "cha 1922 kuti barracuda" mwachidziwikire ndiwovuta kwambiri komanso wosakhutira kuposa nsomba zonse zam'madzi. " Dr. Mowbray adatinso mazana angapo a barracudas nthawi zambiri amabwera pamodzi ndikuwombera masukulu akuluakulu a nsomba zazing'ono.
Mbirazi zimameza nyama yaying'ono yonse, ndipo wamkuluyo amaduladulidwa ndipo kenako amazinyamula imodzi. Zilonda zoopsa zimatsalira ndikuluma kwa barracuda: mizere iwiri yowongoka yameno ikaboola khungu, lolembedwera pamizere yofanana, kuluma kwa shark, kosiyana ndi kulumwa kwa barracuda, kumasiya chizindikiro chofanana ndi chilembo "U". Ana a barracudas nthawi zambiri amasambira m'masukulu, koma achikulire ndi anthu akuluakulu amasaka okha ndikubwera pamodzi pokhapokha ngati pali zochuluka.
Mbiri yoyipa ya barracuda idabweranso kuulendo woyamba wopita ku Dziko Latsopano. Mu 1665, Lord de Rochefort adalemba mu Natural History of the Antilles kuti mwa "zikuluzikulu zamadzi izi, zolakalaka anthu, pali Bekuns (nzika zaku West Indies zotchedwa barracuda. - E. R.) - imodzi yoyipitsitsa. Poona nyama, iye, ngati galu wamagazi, amathamangira kwa iye ndi mkwiyo. Amasakanso anthu m'madzi. "
Nthano zimapatsa barracudas, monga shaki, wokhala ndi chidutswa cha nyama ya oimira amitundu ndi mayiko. Briteni, yemwe adapita ku West Indies mchaka cha 1800, adanena kuti barracudas anali ofunitsitsa kudya akuda, akavalo ndi agalu kuposa azungu, ndipo achi French amakhulupirira kuti osapeza munthu wakuda kuti adye nawo, barracuda amafunafuna waku Britain, ndipo pokhapokha sichoncho. iluma French. Munkhani ina, komwe sichidziwika, akuti, atapeza munthu wa ku England komanso wa ku France pafupi, barracuda amayamba kulawa munthu wa ku England, chifukwa amadya ng'ombe ndipo nyama yake imakomera nyama yolusa.
J.R. Norman ndi F.S. M'buku la Norman, The History of Fishing, lolemba mu 1931 ndipo lidasindikizidwanso mu 1963 mothandizidwa ndi R. H. Greenwood, barracuda amatchedwa "osati woyipa kwambiri, komanso wopanda mantha."
Kuukira koyamba kwa barracuda pa anthu kunachitika mu 1873 ku Indian Ocean kudera la chilumba cha Mauritius, pomwe malo omwe adasowa kale adapezeka1. Chiwopsezo china chofalitsika kwambiri chinali mu 1922, pomwe wovutitsidwayo, mayi wachinyamata akusamba m'madzi am'mphepete mwa Florida, akumwalira ndi magazi. Ziwawa zomwe zidachitika mdera la St. Augustine ku Florida mu 1947 komanso m'chigawo cha Key West mu 1952 ndi 1958 zidathetsanso imfa. Mu Julayi 1956, a Miami Herald adanenanso kuti mayi wazaka makumi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu akusamba pagombe ku Miami Beach adagwidwa ndi barracuda. Barracuda adavulaza mabala akulu m'miyendo yake.
Zambiri mwa zotsutsidwa zinali m'madzi amatope, pomwe nsomba zimawona kwambiri kuposa masiku onse. Mosiyana ndi asodzi, omwe amangoyamba kuwombera kamodzi ndikubwerera mobwereza bwereza ndikuzunza, barracudas imangowukira kamodzi, yomweyo kupha ndikumeza nsomba zazing'ono, zomwe zimawagwira. M'madzi oyera, oyera, anthu samangotulutsa chidwi chambiri mu barracuda. Izi, komanso kuti, pakuukira munthu, barracuda amaponyanso chimodzimodzi ngati akuwedza nsomba zazing'ono, zimatsogolera kuti, akaukira munthu, barracuda samalakalaka kudya nyama ya munthu. Choopsa chenicheni chogundana ndi barracuda sikuti munthu adyedwa ali moyo, koma kuti akhoza kufa kapena kumira chifukwa chotayika magazi kapena kufooka.
Popeza chosanthula chomwe chimapangitsa barracuda kuti ayambe kuwukira ndi maso, nthawi zambiri imathamangira pazinthu zonyezimira - mwachitsanzo, amawotchi kapena zibangili. Zimakopedwanso ndi kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwombera kwa nsomba kumapeto kwa ndende. Donald R. de Silva wa pa Yunivesite ya Miami Institute of Marine Sayansi adasindikiza mu 1963 nkhani yatsatanetsatane ya kuukira kwa barracuda pa anthu. Anatinso anakwanitsa kuputa barracuda, pogwiritsa ntchito tinsomba tating'ono tomwe timabzalidwa kundende ngati nyambo. Dr. de Silva akuwonjezera, komabe, kuti zachilengedwe zomwe zimapezeka mwachilengedwe mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka, zomwe zimapezeka ku Bahamas ndi gombe la Florida, sizinakhalepo zankhanza.
Nixon Griffis, wodziŵa bwino ntchito zankhondo, yemwe anali Purezidenti wa American Literary Society, akukhulupirira kuti barracuda yekha, ngati wasokonezeka pakugona, ndiwovuta, koma barracudas m'matumba sanamuvutitse. Ma barracudas omwe ndidakumana nawo ndikusambira ku zilumba za Bahamas ndi Puerto Rico anali amtendere, ngakhale madzi nthawi zonse amakhala oyera komanso oyera. Alendo ambiri amasamba pamaso pa mahotela apamwamba ku San Juan pakati pa masukulu a barracuda ang'ono ndipo sazindikira. Ngakhale barracudas ochepera theka la mita samawonetsa mantha munthu akabwera, koma samamugwiranso. Nthawi zambiri ndimaloleza ana anga aakazi kuti azisambira pafupi ndi theka la mita.
Kuyenda ndi scuba kutsika pagombe la chilumba cha Big Bahama mu Free Port, nthawi ina ndinawona barracuda wamkulu, mita ndi theka, akusambira kwa nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi labotale yapansi pamadzi "Hydrolab". Barracudas nthawi zambiri amagona pansi pa chinsalu chamiyala, moor ndi mozungulira miyala, ndipo chimphona ichi, chikuwoneka kuti, chimakonda malo ogwiritsira ntchito chitsulo: chinakhala nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi Hydrolab. Ndinkamuyang'anitsitsa, ndikusambira kupita ku labotale kapena kumusiya, pomwe barracuda sanalabadire. A Robert Wickland, omwe amayang'anira gawo la Hydrolab, adandiuza kuti nsomba iyi sikudandaula aliyense. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti madzi mdera la Gidrolaba ndiwowonekera bwino komanso wowonekera bwino, ndipo mawonekedwe omwe amatha kuwonekera pamenepo nthawi zambiri amafikira mamita 120.
Mwambiri, titha kunena kuti barracuda siowopsa kwa anthu pomwe amatha kusiyanitsa ndi nsomba zomwe nyama yodya ngati imeneyi imakonda kusaka. Koma m'madzi amatope, kunyezimira kwa chibangili, kusuntha kwadzidzidzi kwa mkono kapena mwendo - makamaka munthu wamakhalidwe oyenera - amatha kupangitsa barracuda kuponya, zotsatira zake zomwe nthawi zina zimapha.
- 1. Dodo, kapena Dodo (Raphidae) - imodzi mwa mabanja a gulu la nkhunda (Columbae kapena Zojambula) Oimira banja lino adapezeka pazilumba za Mauritius, Bourbon ndi Rodriguez. Azungu oyamba omwe adapeza chilumba cha Mauritius mu 1598 adapatsa mbalameyo "dodo" chifukwa chosasamala ("dodo" ndi Chipwitikizi cha "chitsiru"). Dodo anali mbalame zazikulu zopanda ndege. Chifukwa chosowa adani amphamvu, dodo adalephera kudziteteza, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti awonongeke mwachangu. - Zindikirani ofiira.
Zikuwoneka bwanji
Nsomba za Barracuda zimakhala ndi thupi lalitali, lophimbidwa ndi masikelo ang'ono. Pakamwa pakamwa pali mano akuluakulu komanso akuthwa, nsagwada yam'munsi imangotuluka chamtsogolo. Chifukwa cha izi, barracuda amawoneka wowopsa kwambiri. Kwenikweni, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a nsombayo amafanana ndi mwamakani. Barracudas samakula kuposa 2 metres, kutalika koteroko sikoposa 50 kilogalamu. Nthawi zambiri, nthumwi za banja lino sizidutsa 1.5m kutalika, ndipo zina sizili zazikulu konse - mpaka theka la mita kutalika.
Kwenikweni, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a nsombayo amafanana ndi mwamakani. Kwenikweni, barracuda ikhoza kupezeka pansi mwakuya.
Kodi amakhala kuti?
Mitundu yonse ya barracuda imakhala munyanja zam'madzi otentha kwambiri a Atlantic, Indian ndi Pacific. Odziwika kwambiri ku Bahamas, Florida, Cuba, Gulf of Mexico ndi Pacific. Barracuda nthawi zambiri imapezeka pansi kwambiri, komwe imabisala pakati pamasamba amiyala ndi miyala poyang'anira chakudya. Barracudas amakhala ndi njala nthawi zonse, motero amakhala nthawi yawo yonse akusaka chakudya. Barracudas amadyedwa ndi nsomba zonse, squid, crustaceans ndi ena okhala m'madzi, omwe kukula kwake sikuposa kukula kwa nyama yomwe imadyera yokha. Nthawi zambiri, barracudas amasakanso nsomba zazing'ono zamtundu wawo.
Zowopsa kwa anthu
Milandu yambiri yotsutsana ndi barracuda pa anthu yafotokozedwa. Nsombazi zimatha kukulira kuthamanga kwambiri ndipo panthawi yakuukira zimasambira mwachangu kwa munthu, ndi mano akuthwa komanso pafupipafupi amang'amba chidutswa cha nyama kuchokera mthupi ndikungoyenda mwachangu kupita kumbali kukonzekera kuukira kwotsatira. Mano a Barracuda amasiya laceration yayikulu. Nthawi zambiri, barracuda imawombera anthu m'matupi amadzi ndi madzi amatope kapena usiku, popeza miyendo ndi manja a munthu wosambira kapena wozungulira m'madzi amatope ali wofanana ndi kayendedwe ka nsomba. Nyamayi imatenga mbali ya thupi la munthu kusambira nsomba ndikuigwera. Poona kukoma kwa magazi, barracuda sangathenso kuima ndipo adzadzaza ndi mtima wake m'mimba. Nyama yamtundu wina wa barracuda ndi woipa.
Moray eel
Moray eels amakhala munyanja kuzungulira dziko lapansi komwe kutentha kwa madzi kumawakwanira. Zodabwitsa, kutalika kwakukulu kolemba thupi la moray eel kunali pafupifupi mamaimita anayi.
Moray eel
Ngakhale nsomba izi sizimawona kwambiri, nthawi zonse zimapeza nyama. Mphamvu yawo ya kununkhira ndiyabwino kwambiri kuposa kanine. Kukula kwa ma eyeliyamu amasiyana kutengera mtundu wa momwe aliri, mochedwa ena amakula ngati kanjedza kamunthu, ena amafika mainchesi atatu. Ngakhale khungu la nsombayi silitetezedwa ndi mamba, silili pachiwopsezo, livulala m'mphepete lakuthwa kwamatope, thupi lake lonse limakutidwa ndi ntchofu wakuda, ndipo izi zimateteza nsomba ku kuwonongeka kwakunja.
Chifukwa chiyani moray eel imatsegula pakamwa pawo nthawi zonse?
Ngakhale kuti zilombozi ndi zazing'ono kwambiri, momwe zimatsegulira pakamwa pawo nthawi zonse zimawoneka zowopsa. Ngakhale kwenikweni chizolowezichi sichimalumikizana ndi kuwopseza, koma ndi mpweya wamatayala, kutsegula pakamwa pake, umatulutsa madzi olemera ndi okosijeni kudzera m'mapira. Komabe, ngati kamwa likhalabe lotseguka, muyenera kusamala, khunyu yoduka imalowa mosavuta, ndikutseka pakamwa pake. Mukayang'ana khunyu, mutha kudziwa kuti mano ake ndi amphamvu komanso opindika. Kuluma kwa nsomba iyi ndi kowopsa kwambiri, mano ake sakhala akuthwa kwambiri, komanso ali auve kwambiri, kotero kuluma kwamayendedwe kungayambitse kutupa kwambiri, kuphatikiza, amakhalanso serite, kuluma kumodzi ndipo wovulalayo sangathawe. Thupi losinthika, lamphamvu lamatayilo limatha kulowa m'malo opendekera kwambiri.
Ma eel Morye amakonda kubisala m'mapanga ndi m'ming'alu pakati pamatanthwe a coral, ndipo nthawi zambiri amangochoka m'makomo pokhapokha kukasaka. Masana mutha kuwona mutu wa nsombayi ikuterera m'khola; monga lamulo, wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito phanga lomwelo moyo wawo wonse. Zingwe zazikulu kwambiri zitha kukhala ndi zogona zingapo, nthawi zina pamtunda wa mita 200 kuchokera wina ndi mnzake. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zoyeretsa zimakhala limodzi ndi ma eel amis, Moray eel amatsegula pakamwa pake, ndipo wowotayo amachotsera zotsalira zomwe zimasungidwa pakati pa mano ake, izi ndi mgwirizano wopindulitsa, ndipo ma eel eel asawadye. Nsombazi zimakonda kudya usiku ndipo zimagwiritsa ntchito chivundikiro chamdima kuti zigwire tulo. Koma nthawi zina masana amakhala ndi ludzu kwambiri kuti asanyalanyaze zakudya zamtunduwu zomwe zimazungulira.
Ma eel Mory sawonera pang'ono, koma ali ndi fungo labwino kotero ndibwino kuti musasokoneze nawo. Malo akuluakulu amkati mwa mphuno amawapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi fungo. Pakusaka usiku, fungo lokhazikika limakhala pazowoneka zowonongeka, motero pofuna kutetezedwa, nsomba zina zimakhala bwino kukhala kutali ndi miyala yamakhola.