Nyama yachilendoyi ili ndi dzina. mfumu heron kapena whale . Mbalame, ndi la Ciconiiformes ndipo ndiye yekha woimira banja la anamgumi. Cholengedwa chosowa chimawoneka ngati wachibale wa dinosaur. Ndipo chinthu choyamba chomwe chimagwira m'maso mukakumana ndi mbalame ndi mulomo wawukulu wachikasu wopanda mbewa yoluka kumutu, womwe umakhala ngati nsapato.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake aku Britain amatcha nyamayo "Mlomo wa nsapato" . Oyimira mwamtendere komanso odekha a fauna ikula mpaka mita 1.2 kulemera kuchokera 4 mpaka 7 makilogalamu ndipo kukhala ndi mapiko 2.3 mita .
Habitat- madambo a East Africa komwe kuli nsomba zambiri, zomwe ndi chakudya chachikulu cha mbalame. Chifukwa cha mlomo waukuluwo, nangumi whale ndi katswiri pa usodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, mfumu heron ili ndi chizolowezi chozizira kwa maola ambiri poyembekezera kuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kuphatikiza pa nsomba, nyamayi imatha kumeza kambewu konse. Komanso mbalamezo zimagwira njoka, achule komanso ngakhale akamba ang'ono.
Kitoglavs ndi zolengedwa zachilendo zomwe zimakhala ndi mnzake m'moyo wawo wonse. Amaberekanso makolo abwino kwambiri, omwe amasinthana kuwachotsa anapiye 1 mpaka 3 kwa masiku 30. Mukutentha kwa mbalame gwiritsani ntchito milomo yawo ngati pofunda , pezani madzi ndi madziwo ndikuziziritsa mazira ndi madzi kuti muthe kutentha. Mofananamo, ana a nkhono “amasamba” aswidwa kale anapiye. Pakatha miyezi 4, ana a ng'ombe ometa amphaka amadzipatula okha. Kitoglava - mbalame zosowa: padziko lapansi pali Anthu 15,000 .
Malo okhala mbalame amawonongedwa ndi anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, ziwerengero za mbalame zikuchepa chifukwa cha ziphe
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Mbalame yophunziridwa mosamalitsa mbadwa ku East Africa. Akatswiri a Ornithologists adatsimikizira ubale wake ndi ma pelicans, kuphatikiza komwe chiyambi chake chimawonetsera maubwenzi ndi mbalame zambiri za ankolo: agulu, heron, marabou. Banja la whalehead limaphatikizapo woimira m'modzi - the heron yachifumu, monga amatchedwa mwanjira ina mbalame yam'madzi.
Kukula kwa wokhala mu Africa ndikopatsa chidwi: kutalika kuli pafupifupi 1.2-1,5 m, kutalika kwa thupi kumafika 1.4 m, munthu amalemera makilogalamu 9 mpaka 15, kutalika kwamapiko mu mawonekedwe owonjezerawa ndi 2.3 m. Mutu waukulu ndi mulomo wawukulu, wofanana ndi chidebe sizofanana kwenikweni ndi kukula kwa thupi - m'lifupi ali ofanana. Kwa mbalame zina kutulutsa uku sikufanana nawo.
Mlomo wodabwitsika, womwe kukula kwake ndi kutalika kwa 23cm komanso mainchesi 10, akufanizidwa ndi nsapato yamatabwa, mutu wa chinsomba - mayina a mbalamezo amawonetsa izi. Mlomoyo umakhala ndi mbewa yabwino pamutu, umathandizira kulimbana ndi nyama.
Khosi lalitali limakhala ndi mutu waukulu, koma popumula, mlomowo umathandizira pachifuwa cha mbalameyi kuti imasuke. Maso achikasu a heron achifumu, mosiyana ndi abale, amakhala kutsogolo, osati kumbali za chigaza, kotero masomphenya amatumiza chithunzi cha mawonekedwe atatu padziko lapansi. Maso owoneka ndi maso owala bwino amawunikira mtendere ndi chidaliro.
Ndikosatheka kusiyanitsa pakati pa chinsomba chachimuna ndi chachikazi. Anthu onse ndi imvi, ndiye kuti mulomo ndi wachikasu. Powff fluff imatha kuwoneka kumbuyo kwa mbalame, monga heron zokhudzana.
Thupi lalikulu lokhala ndi mchira wamfupi, mbalame imasunga mutu wawukulu pamiyendo yayitali komanso yopyapyala. Kuyenda pamtunda wamphepo, mbalame imapatsidwa bata ndi zala zake. Chifukwa cha kuthandizira kwake panthaka yofewa, nsomba ija singagwere mu quagmire.
Chizindikiro cha mbalameyi ndikutha kuyimirira kwakanthawi popanda kuyenda. Pakadali pano ndikuyamba nsomba pa chithunzingati kuti mwadala mwadala. M'malo ena opezeka ku Europe, cholembera chinalembedwapo pamiyala ya chinsomba: chinali chikuyenda.
Pouluka, mbalame zimachotsa makosi awo ngati mbalame za m'mimba, zimayenda mokongola, zimayenda kwakanthawi kwakutali chifukwa cha madambo, nthawi zina mbalame zimayenda mwachidule. Mawayilesi owuluka mumlengalenga omwe amafalikira akufanana ndi ndege yakuuluka kutali.
King Whale - mbalame yolankhula pang'ono, koma yotulutsa mawu osiyanasiyana:
kuti alawe ngati abale ake ngati dokowe wokhala ndi mulomo kuti apereke chidziwitso kwa abale,
Kufuula zolakwika chifukwa cha zinazake
kudumphira pachiswe
"Hiccup" mukafuna kupempha chakudya.
M'malo osungira nyama, mbalame zodabwitsa ndizofunika kwambiri, koma kupeza ndi kusunga chinsomba ndizovuta pazifukwa zingapo:
- enieni zakudya
- zovuta za kubereka
- malo ochepa.
Mtengo wa anthu pawokha ndiwokwera. Pofunafuna phindu la kuba, anthu achilengedwe a ku East Africa akugwira, kugulitsa mitu yamphete, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nyama zamtchire, zomwe ndizongokhala anthu 5,000 okha. Kukhazikika kwa mbalame zachilendo kumachepera, zisa nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka.
Lero whale whale - mbalame yosowa, chitetezo chomwe chimayambitsa nkhawa osati kokha pakati pa ornithologists, komanso osiyanasiyana okonda zachilengedwe.
Royal heron, whale, amatanthauza dongosolo la Ciconiiformes. M'banja la anamgumi, uyu ndiye woimira yekha.
Anazindikira mbalame yachilendo mu 1849, chaka chotsatira, chinsomba chafotokozedwa ndi asayansi. Dziko lidaphunzirapo zodabwitsa ndi chozizwitsa kuchokera m'buku la mlonda wa mbalame waku Sweden Bengt Berg zopita ku Sudan. Mpaka pano, nangumiyo amakhalabe mtundu wophunzirira bwino poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina.
Kafukufuku wamtunduwu umatsimikizira ubale womwe uli pakati pa anthu okhala ku Africa ndi azungu, ngakhale kuti mwamwambo amadziwika kuti ndi abale a herons ndi agulugufe. Mikangano yambiri yokhudza malo osaka mbalame zazikulu m'magulu a mbalame zachititsa kuti asayansi aziganiza ngati njira yolumikizira pakati pa Copepods ndi Ciconiiformes.
Vuto la "nsapato zamavuto", monga Britain amatchulira, lidakali pamaphunziro.
Moyo & Habitat
Mtundu wa nsomba wotchedwa whale - umapezeka m'malo otentha kwambiri pakati komanso kum'mawa kwa Africa. Pokhala mbalamezi, mbalameyi imakhala m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Nailo, madera a Zaire, Kongo, Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda, Kenya, South Sudan kupita kumadzulo kwa Ethiopia. M'malo awa, chakudya chachikulu cha mbalame chimapezeka - nsomba zopumira kawiri, kapena ma protopter.
Kukhazikika ndi kusakhazikika pamakhalidwe ndi zolengedwa zopanda zoipa komanso zopanda phokoso. Mbiri yonse ya mbalame imalumikizidwa ndi m'nthaka za gumbwa ndi mapuloteni.
Anthu atabalalika, ochepa. Mbalame zambiri zimawonedwa ku South Sudan. Malo omwe mumawakonda alenje amasaka ndowe ku marshland, ndipo nyama zokhala ndi thukuta zimapewa malo otseguka.
Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokha, nthawi zambiri kawiri konse nthawi yamathumba, sizinakhale m'magulu. Kuwona mitu ingapo yokhala ndi chinsalu palimodzi sichachilendo. Cholengedwa chodabwitsachi chimakhala chovuta, sichifuna kulumikizana ndi anthu amitundu ina.
Zolowera zakale zokha zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikondana. Mbalame zimatha miyoyo yawo m'malo obisika, osambira, kudziteteza kwa alendo. Nthawi zina ufa womwe chimakhala ndi mulomo umatsimikizira kumene kuli munthu wodabwitsa wokhala m'malo otentha.
Kwa maola ambiri, kuzimiririka ndi mulomo woponderezedwa kumapangitsa kuti mbalameyo ioneke pakati pa bango ndi gumbwa. Mutha kupita pafupi ndi icho, chinsomba sichingasunthe, mosiyana ndi mbalame zina sizimawuluka.
Whale whale wumfumu nthawi zambiri samachoka. Kuuluka ndikufalitsa mapiko akuluakulu ndizokongola kwambiri. Mlomo wa mbalame umakanikizidwa pachifuwa, sasokoneza mayendedwe. Pofunafuna chakudya, mbalame zimawuluka.
Pakuwuluka, ngati chiwombankhanga, mitu ya chinsomba imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde othamanga, osawononga nthawi yayitali pakuuluka.
Zipatso zachifumu zimasankha mabungwe azomera pamalo owonekera, koma zimayenda nthawi zambiri posambira. Mbalame zimatha kulowa musalala mpaka mzere wam'mimba.
Mitu ya chinsomba imangowoneka yowopsa, koma iwowo, ngati mbalame zazikulu, amakumana ndi adani achilengedwe. Kuphatikiza pa zoopseza za adani omwe ali ndi utoto (falcon, hawk), ng'ona zimawopsa kwambiri.
Nyama zazikulu za ku Africa zimakhala m'malo ambiri. Ana anapiye a Whalefoot ndi kuyikira mazira akuwopsezedwa chifukwa cha marten.
Pakakhala kundende, mbalame zosowa, pokhala otetezeka, zizolowera munthuyo, khalani odalirika. Anthu ake amakhala mwamtendere, amagwirizana ndi nyama zina.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Pazakudya za chinsomba, chakudya cha nyama ndi nyama zam'madzi komanso zapafupi. Prototter ku mtundu wa nsomba za nkhanu - "mbale" yomwe mumakonda mutu wa chinsomba umakhala m'malo osaya a matupi amadzi, m'malo otsetsereka, m'mapiri a mitsinje.
Nthawi yodyetsa mbalame nthawi zambiri m'mawa, nthawi zambiri masana. Zilumba zoyandama zonse zamadzi am'madzi zimayang'aniridwa, kuyenda kumapangidwa pakati pa mitengo. Poona kuti sichikupita kutali, chiwombankhangacho chimagubuduza mapiko ake, kuthamangira kukakola woimbayo ndi mlomo. Chithunzicho chimasungidwa mosavomerezeka.
Nthawi zina mbalame imasirira silt kuti ipeze ma mollusks, amphibians. Ndi mlomo wotalikirapo, heron yachifumu imatha kugwira ngakhale mwana wa ng’ona. Ngati chinsomba chimayeretsa nsomba ku mbewu, ndikupukusa mutu wake asanadye, ndiye kuti imatha kumeza makoswe akuluakulu.
Kusankha kwa malo osaka nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi njira za njovu ndi mvuu. Nyama zowonda ndi malo akuluakulu aminyama nthawi zonse zimasonkhana zoweta, nsomba zochulukirapo. Njira zopangira zokopa zimakopa mbalame zambiri.
Akatswiri a zamankhwala amakhulupirira kuti msodzi wabwino kwambiri pakati pa mbalame ndi mutu whale. Zomwe zimadya heron yachifumu, ngati ma protopter sangathetse njala yawo?
Kusaka kwa tilapia, polypterus, catfish, njoka zamadzi, akamba amachitidwa kuchokera kwa obisalira, mfumu heron imadikirira maonekedwe awo ndikuyandikira. Nthawi zina mbalame imagwetsa mutu wake m'madzi kuti inyowetse nsomba zosambira ndi achule ndi gawo lapansi, ngati ukonde wa gulugufe. Njira yogwira nyama imafanana ndi zomwe zimachitika m'chiuno.
Msodzi waluso nthawi zonse amasaka anthu amtundu wake. Mtunda wocheperako pakati pa mbalame ndi wosachepera 20 metres.
Kuchulukitsa kwa ma gourat ku nsomba zomwe zimatha kupuma kukufotokozedwa ndi mtundu wa mulomo womwe umasinthidwa ndi "menyu" wina. Kuwonongeka kwa gwero lalikulu la chakudya kumakhala kufa kwa zinsomba, ngakhale atadyetsedwa ndi ena okhala m'madzi.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Pofika kumapeto kwa mvula, nyengo ya kuswana kwa ma whale ikuyamba. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zamitala, kupaka ma heron achifumu kumachitika kamodzi. Kusankha kwa mnzanu kumachitika nthawi yovina matching, moni ndi mutu, kukulira khosi, nyimbo zosokosera komanso zosamva, kumadina ndi mulomo.
Gawo lotsatira ndikumanga chisa. Nyumbayi ndi nsanja yotalika mamita 2.5. Malowa ndi obisika kwa anthu osalabadira ndi mitengo yayitali. Pofuna kuteteza zilombo zolusa, mbalame za anamgumi zimamanga zisa pamadzi osaya kwambiri, zilumba zabwino m'malo osapezekanso.
Zinthu zomangira mbalamezi zimasonkhanitsidwa limodzi. Pansi pa chisa, mapepala a gumbwa ndi mabango amayalidwa, mkati mwa thirayo mumakhala udzu wouma, womwe mitu ya chinsomba imawerama ndi maondo awo.
Mu clutch nthawi zambiri mazira 1-3. Usiku, mkazi amawotha ndi kutentha kwake, ndipo masana, ngati kuli kotheka, amaziziritsa madzi omwe adalowetsa mkamwa mwake, ngati pofunda. Kusunga kutentha koyenera ndikofunikira kuti mbewu ikule. Kubwatcha kumatenga mwezi. Makolo amasinthana ntchito ku chisa.
Tiyeti tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mfuti yofewa yofiirira, yodontha imapezeka ngakhale mwa ana akhanda. Poyamba, mwana wamkazi amadyetsa ana. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, zinyenyesazo zimatha kumeza zidutswa za chakudya chomwe chimabweretsa. Kusambitsa ana obadwa kumene pamoto kumachitika chimodzimodzi ndi mazira - kubweretsa madzi mulomo wamkazi.
Monga lamulo, wolowa m'malo m'modzi yekhayo ndiye amatsala, yemwe amalandila chakudya chochuluka komanso chisamaliro. Kupeza chakudya cha ana kumathandizira podina miyendo kapena mulomo wamkazi. Mpaka miyezi iwiri chinsomba ali osagwirizana ndi makolo, ndiye akuyamba kuwonetsa zisonyezo zoyambirira za ufulu.
Pakadutsa miyezi inayi atapangira chinsomba chaching'ono pa mapikowo, kulekanitsidwa ndi chisa chakomweko, koma kubweranso kwawo kumachitika.
Ntchito yobereka ya chinsomba imagwira pazaka zitatu. Kutalika kwa mbalame kumakhala pafupifupi zaka 36. Ziweto zikuchepa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha ziphe, kuchepetsa malo okhala.
Zochita za anthu zikugwira nyama zamtchire moyenera. Muukapolo, kuweta mbalame nkovuta.
A kitoglav sangathe kudabwitsa munthu, koma kukupangitsani kuganiza za chitetezo cha chilengedwe chodabwitsa, momwe zonse zimalumikizana komanso zimagwirizana.