Pogula nsomba zatsopano, ngakhale katswiri wazam'madzi sangazindikire zomwe nsomba zikudwala. Ndipo izi sizoyipa, chifukwa nsomba zomwe zimanyamula ma tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndikuwunika kwakunja, ndizosatheka kuzindikira. Ndipo kamodzi mu aquarium, ma ectoparasite ambiri okhala ndi miyendo yolumikizika, cilia, flagella amasuntha momasuka kuchokera ku nsomba zodwala kupita ku thanzi. Palibe malo ogulitsira asodzi a nsomba omwe angakupulumutseni, ngati wosamalira nsomba pamadzi, kuchokera ku njira zodzitetezera - kuyikidwa kwa nsomba, pomwe oyamba amayang'aniridwa mosamala, amafufuza mawonedwe awo ndi zina zotero. Ikani nsomba kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kodi nsomba za aquarium zimayikidwa pati?
Mukamagula nsomba, zimakhala zovuta poyamba kudziwa kuti pali matenda kapena majeremusi. Ndizosatheka kuzindikira munthu wopanda thanzi panthawi yoyeserera kunja. Nsomba imatha kukhala chonyamulira chobisika kwa nthawi yayitali. Kupsinjika komwe ziphuphu zimakumana ndikusintha kwamoyo kumachepetsa chitetezo chokwanira, kenako matendawa amadzimva. Matenda ena amakhala nthawi yayitali. Nsomba zopezeka ndi chiwopsezo m'madzi, ndipo tisanaziyike kwa anthu ena onse, ndikofunikira kupirira, kukhala kunja kwa milungu iwiri mpaka mwezi umodzi. Nthawi yonseyi, momwe amaonekera komanso momwe amaonekera nsomba zimayang'aniridwa kwambiri. Zizindikiro za matendawa zikaonekera, amathandizidwa.
Ngati ena okhala m'midzi yayikulu ali ndi mavuto azaumoyo, omwe amatha kutsimikizika ndikusintha mawonekedwe ndikusintha mawonekedwe, ayenera kukhazikikanso kwakanthawi. Mukakhala kwaokha, nsomba zimathandizidwa.
Zoyenera kukhala kwaokha
Kodi kutalikirana kwa nsomba kumatanthauza chiyani? Choyamba, m'malo okhala okhala mokhazikika, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokonza. Aqua amasankhidwa kuti azikhala kwaokha malinga ndi mitundu yomwe nsomba zimakonda. Kuti akupatseni chitsanzo? Tiye, tinene kuti akuluakulu a nkhono zagolide muzigawo zofunikira ziwiri, mudzafunika malita 50-60 amadzi, koma kwa mabulosi khumi ndi awiri mudzafunika mitsuko 20 malita.
Monga lamulo, samaika dothi pamalo okhala okhaokha, mbewu sizimadzala, chifukwa palibe poti zichitike. Chokhacho chomwe chili chofunikira kwa amadzi oterewa ndichotetezera nsomba. Izi zikuthandizira kuchepetsa kupsinjika. Kapenanso, mbewu zochepa za pulasitiki zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Chachikulu ndikuti zinthu zonse zokongoletsera ndi malo ogona sizabisala pamaso panu pafupifupi malo onse amadzimadzi ndipo mutha kuyang'anira momwe anthu okhala m'madzi akhalira.
Chofunikira mu aquarium yokhayokha ndi chotenthetsa, kutentha, kusefa, ndipo, chivindikiro ndi nyali. Kuti nsombayo ithetsere msanga komanso kumva kupsinjika pang'ono, ikani malo okhala pansi kwinakwake. Sizikhala zabwino kwa nsomba ngati chitseko chikugunda pafupi ndi banki. Ngati mwadzidzidzi, patatha milungu ingapo mutakhala kwayekha, mukuganiza kuti mwalowa, koma simukuwona chizindikiro chilichonse cha matendawa, ngati nsombayo yasokonezeka, imachita manyazi kwambiri komanso osagwira ntchito kwambiri, osasiya kuyigawika. Bwino kuyang'anira nyamayi kwa milungu ingapo.
Koma nsomba ikadwala, ndiye kuti iyenera kuchotsedwa m'chipindacho ndikuchira mankhwalawa. Mukakhala kwayekha, muyenera kusintha madziwo kamodzi pa sabata, monga zimachitika kawirikawiri pamadzi ambiri, koma kangapo. Musaiwale za kuthandizira mwamphamvu komanso kusefera. Kugwiritsa ntchito kaboni yofunikira sikofunikira, mutha kuchiritsa chinkhupule ndipo, kawirikawiri, muzitsuka pansi pa madzi ofunda pakapita masiku atatu alionse.
Mitundu ya Kukhazikika
Mitundu iwiri yokhala mokhazikika imayikidwa motalika: masabata awiri (2) komanso kutalika (mwezi umodzi). Kwa nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa m'malo osungira zachilengedwe, nthawi yotsimikizika imakhala yotalikirapo: zimatha kutenga miyezi itatu kuti zithetse majeremusi onse ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bacteria komanso bacteria. Malinga ndi momwe anthu angakhalire padera, mitundu itatu ikudzipatula:
- Quarantine yokhala ndi kupewa imaperekera njira zochiritsira komanso zoteteza pokhapokha ngati pali zizindikiro zamatenda. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera kumachepetsa nthawi yokhayokha yokhala nsomba yatsopano mpaka milungu iwiri.
- Kuyika kwaokha moyenera kumachitika potsatira zomwe zili m'ndende popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoletsa komanso zochizira. Nthawi yokhala okhaokha siyosakwana masabata atatu. Matenda akapezeka, kuika kwaokha kumayendetsedwa gawo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwokhazikika kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochiritsira zomwe zimapitiliza mpaka kuchira kapena kufa kwa ziweto. Kutalika kwa maphunzirawa kumatengera matendawo. Pamapeto pa chithandizo, ziweto zopatsira matendawa zimafunikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a m'madzimo ndi zida zake.
Dziwani zagawika
Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya anthu okhala kunja kwa khola, ndiye kuti, onetsetsani kuti nsomba zimasungidwa kubanki yapadera kwa mwezi umodzi. Simunafulumira, sichoncho? Ndipo ndichifukwa chiyani pali kuthamanga pankhaniyi, ndibwino kuti muchite zonse molondola komanso mopanda kuthamanga kwambiri kuposa kuthamangira ndikupeza nokha. Ngati mukuphonya kapena kupatula nsomba, ndiye kuti pakatuluka zilonda, ndizovuta kwambiri kuchiritsa anthu okhala m'madzimo, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zosatheka. Ndikhulupilira mukugwirizana ndi ine?
Malo osambira antiparasitic kumapeto kwa kuika kwaokha
Kuzindikira kupezeka kwa tiziromboti ndi matenda ena zimakhala zovuta ngakhale munthawi yokhayokha. Chifukwa chake, ndizomveka nthawi yomweyo ziweto zisanaperekedwe, momwe ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito aquarium ikugwiritsira ntchito njira yochotsera antiparasitic ndi imodzi mwazothetsera:
- malachite wobiriwira mogwirizana ndi 6 mg pa 10 malita a madzi,
- potaziyamu permanganate 1 g pa 10 malita a madzi,
- mkuwa sulfate 1 g pa 10 malita a madzi,
- bicillin-550BD pa 10 malita a madzi.
Pambuyo pakusamba, nsomba zimayikidwa m'madzi oyera kuti zitsukire njira zotsalazo, kenako zimasamutsidwa ku aquarium.
Chithandizo ndi prophylactic njira yokhala patokha
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala munthawi yovomerezeka sikulimbikitsidwa kwa oyamba am'madzi! Ngati nsomba imachita modekha osawonetsa zizindikiro za matenda, musagwiritse ntchito njira zopewera. Pamapeto pa nthawi yokhayokha, ziweto zathanzi zimasinthidwa kupita kumalo osungirako zinyama wamba.
Pochiza matenda, pali mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amakhala okonzeka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana ndi malangizo. Ngati chiweto sichili bwino, koma matendawa sangadziwe, njira zodziwika bwino komanso zothandiza zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zimakhala ndi poizoni. Kugwiritsa ntchito mosayenera kukhoza kuvulaza nsomba.
Malo osambira mchere
Njira yothetsera mchere wokhazikika imagwira polimbana ndi saprolegniosis - nthenda ya fungal ndi ma ectoparasitic infestation, monga apiosomiasis, hydrodactylyosis, boneosis, chylodonellosis, tetrachimenosis, dactylogyrosis, oodiniumosis, trichodinosis. Kukhalapo kwa mavuvu a ectoparasitic kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chikhalidwe cha nsomba: amayesa kudzikanda pansi, mbewu, ndi zokongoletsera. Thupi limakutidwa ndi yoyera ntchofu. Ziweto zimasiya kuyenda modekha kuzungulira voliyumu yonse ya aquarium ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'makona kapena pafupi ndi aerator. Chizindikiro cha saprolegniosis ndi kukhalapo kwa zophuka zotumphukira pamifupa, milomo.
Pa ndondomekoyi, ziwiya zitatu ndi madzi ndizofunikira. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi am'madzi, kapena kutenga madzi apampopi ndikuwakonza motere:
- Kutentha kwa 80%,
- ozizira kuti kutentha kusungidwe mu aquarium,
- gwiritsani ntchito kwa mphindi 30.
Mu thanki yoyamba kukhazikitsa njira yodulira mchere, kuchuluka kwa 2% (pa 1 lita imodzi ya madzi 2 tsp. Mchere). Chombo chachiwiri chimadzazidwa ndi yankho lofooka la saline (0,5 tsp. Mchere pa lita imodzi yamadzi). Mu chotengera chachitatu, ochepa wa potaziyamu permanganate amasungunuka kukhala pinki.
Poyamba, muyenera kuyesa kusamba kwa munthu wina, wosafunikira kwenikweni. Amayikidwa mu chidebe choyamba. Kusamba kwa mchere: mphindi 10-15. Khalidwe la nsomba liziwuza zaumoyo wabwino wa nsombazo: ngati munthuyu akuyandama pamadzi, ayamba kuyenda mbali yake ndipo sangathe kulowa m'madzi, ndiye kuti njirayo iyenera kuyimitsidwa. Ngati njira yothetsera vutoli ili ndi kuchuluka koyenera, ndiye kuti nsomba imachita monga mwa nthawi zonse.
Pambuyo pa 10-15, nsombazi zimasungidwa mu chidebe chokhala ndi yankho lochepera la saline. Ngati majeremusi amakhalabe paokha, pamakhala mwayi kuti adzawonongedwa. Nsombazo zitha kusiyidwa mwachindunji mu ukonde, nkutsanuliridwa mu njira ndikuzitumiza kuchombo chachitatu ndikuchotsedwedwa mwachangu pambuyo pake, chiwetocho chimatha kumasulidwanso mu aquarium.
Kuti tichotse matendawa kwathunthu, ndikofunikira kuchita osamba awiri amchere a 2-3, kupirira nthawi yayitali masiku angapo.
Malo osambira a Formalin
Formalin ndi wothandizira antiparasitic wothandizirana kwakukulu. Kukonzekera njira yothanirana ndi mankhwalawa, 5 ml ya formalin amatengedwa pa malita a66 amadzi. Monga momwe zidaliri m'mbuyomu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyeseza koyeserera munthu wina. Vuto lodana ndi nsomba limatha kutsimikizika ndikuwonekera mbali imodzi ndi kukokana. Pankhaniyi, chiweto chimasunthidwa mwachangu kumadzi oyera. Ngati mayesowo ali ndi chiyembekezo, kusamba kumachitika kwa mphindi 12 mpaka 15.
Amoni akusamba
Kusamba kwa Amoni kumathandizira kuchotsa dactylogirus, hydrodactylus ndi ecoparasites ena. Amoniya amakhala ndi poizoni wambiri, motero ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa ndende ndikuwonetsetsa nthawi. Mankhwala ndi njira zopewera, pamafunika zida ziwiri. Mwanjira yoyamba padzakhala yankho la ammonia, lachiwiri - utoto wa buluu wa methylene wothira madzi.
Kuti mupeze yankho tengani malita 8 a madzi. 6.3 ml ya ammonia ya mankhwala amawonjezeredwa. Kapenanso gwiritsani ntchito ammonia kuchokera ku malo ogulitsa mankhwala. Imakhudzidwa kwambiri (25-27%), kotero ndi 2,53 ml yokha yomwe ingafunikire malita 8 amadzi.
Kuyesa koyamba kuyenera kuchitika pa nsomba imodzi. Kutentha kwamadzi osamba a ammonia kuyenera kusungidwa mu madigiri 18-25. Nthawi yankhazikitso: 20-25 masekondi. Palibe chifukwa choti nthawi yayitali kwambiri ingasambitsidwe!
Pamapeto pa njirayi, nsomba imasamutsidwira m'chiwiya chachiwiri chokhala ndi yankho la methylene buluu. Kusunthidwa kwa bafa ya ammonia kumawonedwa ngati kokwanira ngati munthu ayamba kusambira mwachizolowezi m'chiwiya chachiwiri mkati mwa mphindi yoyamba. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kuchepetsa nthawi ya kusamba kwa ammonia kapena kuchepetsa ndende.
Ubwino wa malo okhala pansi pamadzi
Quariine yokhazikika iyenera kutchedwa kuti yoyatsira, chifukwa itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga zambiri. Zachidziwikire, kuika kwaokha ndicho cholinga chachikulu, mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi discus, ndiye chinthu chotsiriza chomwe mungafune kulandira ndi matenda omwe amabweretsedwa ndi nsomba zatsopano.
Kugwiritsa ntchito malo okhala kwaokha kwa milungu ingapo kungakuthandizeni kuonetsetsa kuti nsomba zatsopanozo ndi zathanzi, ndipo nawonso nsomba zimasinthasintha.
A Quarantine aquarium imathandizanso kwambiri ngati nthendayi ikupezeka m'madzi ambiri. Kuchiza kumatha kukhala nkhawa yayikulu kwa nsomba, ndipo mitundu yambiri yamankhwala ili ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza nsomba ndi mbewu zathanzi.
Mutha kuperekera nsomba zodwala nthawi zonse, kuchotseratu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ocheperako pothana ndi mankhwalawa.
Kuphatikiza apo, kudzipatula kumafunikira kuti utulutse nsomba, ana aang'ono, ngati nsomba yomwe ili mu chinsalu chachikulu chathamangitsidwa ndi ena, kapena kuchotsa munthu wankhanza kuchokera pamenepo. Ndipo zonsezi zitha kuchitika m'madzi omwe amakhala okhaokha. Komabe, sakhala otanganidwa nanu nthawi zonse, ngati simuli obetsa.
Ngati mukufuna kuti nsomba ichotse kapena kuti ithetsere nkhawa, muyenera kuyipanga. Pano pali vuto wamba.
Mawonedwe achikhalidwe ndi malo opanikiza komanso ang'onoang'ono momwe mulibe kanthu koma nsomba. Kupatula kuti sikuwoneka wathanzi kwambiri, malo oterewa amatha kukhala nkhawa zazikulu za nsomba. Kukhazikikemo kuyenera kukhala ndi dothi lakuda komanso malo okhala ambiri, kuphatikizira mbewu.
Chifukwa chake, kupatsa momwe nsomba zimakhalira pafupi ndi zachilengedwe momwe zingathere ndikuchepetsa nkhawa mmalo mwake. Ngakhale Aquarium yopanda kanthu imagwiranso ntchito poyeretsa, ikhoza kukhala msomali womaliza mu bokosi la nsomba.
Kuphweka ndikofunikira
Zida zonse zomwe mukufuna mu malo okhala pansi pamadzi ndi ukonde, chotenthetsera ndi kusefa. Kuwala sikufunikira, zowala zowonjezereka. Ndikwabwino kutenga ukonde wokulirapo, chifukwa nsomba zimakonda kutuluka.
Komabe, zonse ziwiri zogwiritsa ntchito pamadzi ndi zida zingakhale zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo, komabe zili ndi ntchito zofunikira. Ndikwabwino kuyika fyuluta osachepera, silikhala lolemera lalikulu. Ndikofunika kupatula nsomba m'malo abwinobwino pomwe palibe amene angamuwope ndi kumusokoneza. Kukula kwake kumatengera kuchuluka kwa nsomba ndi kukula kwake. Mukumvetsetsa, kwa guppy m'modzi, malita atatu ndi okwanira, ndipo kwa astronotus, 50 sikokwanira.
Zambiri
Popeza kudzipatula kwa nsomba nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosavuta, nthawi yambiri yomwe nsomba zimasungidwa popanda madzi. Kuti malo okhala okhaokha akhale ndi mabakiteriya abwino, ndibwino kuti zosefera zigwirizane zonse pamodzi komanso malo okhala anthu.
Mukamafunika kupha nsomba mwachangu, mumangoika zosefera kapena zovala (mabakiteriya omwe mumakhalamo) ndikukhala ndi malo abwino. Onetsetsani kuti mwatenga madzi mumtsuko momwe nsomba zimasungidwira (ngati sizinagulidwe), komanso ndi kutentha, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ofanana.
Pochita izi, mutha kudzipatula m'mimba mu mphindi zochepa. Musaiwale malo okhala ndi mbewu. Chonde dziwani kuti pamenepa, zomerazi ndizakudya ndipo mwina zitha kufa.
Algae sangathe kuchotsedwa, imakhala chakudya cha nsomba, komanso kumangika pagalasi kuti muchepetse kuwonekera kwawo komanso kupsinjika kwa nsomba. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwunika momwe madzi alili, onetsetsani kuti mumayesa pafupipafupi, chotsani zotsalira za mankhwalawa nthawi yotsatiridwa.
Ndikwabwino kupangitsa kuti aeration azikhala olimba. Pomaliza, kudyetsa kumayenera kukhala kwa nthawi zonse, koma moyenera, chifukwa nsomba sizikhala ndi chidwi, ndipo chakudya chomwe chatsala chimangowononga madzi.
Ndi bwino kudyetsa magawo kangapo patsiku. Ngati mukufuna kuchotsa zatsalira zamankhwala mwachangu m'madzi, muyenera kuwonjezera mapaketi a kaboni pamakonzedwe.
A malo osinthira ma aquarium amalipira nthawi zonse, chifukwa adzakuthandizani mukakhala zovuta. Mosasamala kuti musamagwire nsomba, khalani nawo pansi, sankhani okhawo omwe ali ndiukali, ikani awiriwo kuti atuluke - mudzakhala okonzekera machitidwe osiyanasiyana.
Nsomba yaku Aquarium
Uthenga Wachiroma »Nov 09, 2009 9:49 p.m.
Kodi kupatula nsomba kumakhala chani pamadzi ndi chokhala kwaokha?
Quarantine ndikusamalidwa kosalekeza kwa nsomba za ku aquarium mu thanki ina yopatula yomwe ili ndi zida zofunikira za aquarium kuti musafe, kupewa matenda kapena kuwachiritsa. Acquenti okhala ku aquarium amatha kunyamula okha mwa iwo matenda osiyanasiyana ndi matenda omwe amatha kufalikira kwa anthu ena okhala m'madzi ndikupangitsa kuti afe. Kuphatikiza apo, pa kayendedwe, nsomba zam'madzi zimalandira nkhawa kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa chitetezo cha nsomba ndikupangitsa kuti matenda ena azitha.
Kuikidwa pachilichonse popewa matenda
Mukazindikira kuti nsomba imakhala yachilendo, mwachitsanzo, ikana chakudya chokhazikika, imapanga kayendedwe kosasunthika thupi, pamakhala kusintha kwachikuto, zina ndi zina, muyenera kuthira nsombazo kukhala chiwiya china ndikukonza kuti zizikhala zokhazokha. Momwemonso ndizofunikira kuchita ndi nsomba iliyonse yomwe yangopezedwa kumene.
Kuikidwa pachilichonse pochiza matenda
Nsomba za Aquarium zimatha kutenga matenda ambiri, omwe ambiri, mwamwayi, amachiritsika, ndipo kuika kwaokha ndi njira yoyenera yopezera chithandizo.
Kutulutsa Thupi la Aquarium
Pamodzi ndi mbewu, matenda osiyanasiyana amathanso kupatsirana. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zomwezo zimakhudzidwa ndi algae, zomwe zimathanso kuchotsedwa kapena kuchepetsedwa ndikuyika payokha.
Kuteteza khungu la zida za m'madzi, zokongoletsera ndi zida
Ndi zida zam'madzi, miyala, zikwanje ndi zinthu zina kuchokera m'madzi omwe ali ndi kachilombo, mutha kubweretsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida kapena zokongoletsera kuchokera kumadzi omwe ali ndi kachilombo m'madzi ena, muyenera kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kodi kukhala kwaokha
Quarantine imatha kungokhala yogwira ntchito komanso yogwira ntchito. Kugawika kokha kumakhala kupezeka kwakanthawi (kwakanthawi kapena kotalika) kwa nsomba yama tanki yokhayokha popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Kugawidwa kwina komwe kumagwira ntchito kumaphatikizanso kuphatikiza kwa mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala munzika yokhala kwaokha (nthawi zambiri pofuna kuchitira nsomba)
Kodi malo okhala pansi pamadzi ndi ati?
Aquarium yokhayokha ndi chotengera chokhazikitsira nsomba. Kusamba kwakanthawi kochepa, chidebe chilichonse chomwe mulibe konse m'mbali chimatuluka chomwe nyama zomwe sizikhazikikemo zimatha kuchoka.
Pakukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali, chidebe chimayenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi mfundo: kukulira, madziwo pang'onopang'ono adzadzazidwa ndi zinthu zovulaza zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi ya nsomba. Monga lamulo, thanki yokhala kwaokha iyenera kukhala hafu yodzaza ndi madzi otengedwa pamadzi wamba. Izi ndizofunikira, chifukwa madzi ampopi osakonzekera (kapena ataima, owiritsa, osungunuka) amapha nsomba zam'madzi. Popeza mukuyenera kudzaza thanki ya anthu okhala ndi madzi osachepera theka la madzi am'madzi, malo anu okhala azikulu ayenera kukhala okulirapo kuposa thanki yoyikirako anthu.
Gwiritsani Ntchito Zida za Aquarium
Ponena za zida, izi ziyenera kuphatikiza kukhalapo kwa compressor wamphamvu kwambiri kuti akwaniritse kuyikidwa kokhako. Zosefera zamkati zokhala ndi aeration yophatikizika zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Komanso, zidzakhala zofunikira kuti tisunge kutentha kwa malo okhala okhaokha, chifukwa chake, chotenthetsera m'madzi chidzafunika. Tanki yokhayokha iyenera kutsekedwa kuti nsomba zisatuluke ndipo ndikofunikira kuwonjezera pokhazikika ngati nsomba yomwe ili yokhayokha (mwachitsanzo, catfish) ikufuna.